TWI457170B - Dispersants for carbon fillers - Google Patents
Dispersants for carbon fillers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI457170B TWI457170B TW99128804A TW99128804A TWI457170B TW I457170 B TWI457170 B TW I457170B TW 99128804 A TW99128804 A TW 99128804A TW 99128804 A TW99128804 A TW 99128804A TW I457170 B TWI457170 B TW I457170B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- carbon filler
- polyglucamine
- hydroxyalkyl
- dispersing agent
- Prior art date
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 156
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 124
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 title claims description 120
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 62
- -1 hydroxypropyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006232 furnace black Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 110
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 109
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 53
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 23
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- LUFUWJZCIDKWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;oxirane Chemical compound OC.C1CO1 LUFUWJZCIDKWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002238 carbon nanotube film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricarballylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- RLHGFJMGWQXPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-3-(1h-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)benzamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC(CC=2NC=NC=2)=C1O RLHGFJMGWQXPBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DTGRIEIJTWNZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C1C(O)=O DTGRIEIJTWNZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003215 pyranoses Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetraethoxydecane Chemical compound C(C)OC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC WJMXTYZCTXTFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBCZAIOXDZPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trimethoxy-2-methyldecane Chemical compound CC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC ANBBCZAIOXDZPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHUYHJGZWVXEHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dimethyhydrazine Chemical compound CN(C)N RHUYHJGZWVXEHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=NC(N)=N1 VZXTWGWHSMCWGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOBUAPTXJKMNCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(OC(=O)C=C)OC(=O)C=C VOBUAPTXJKMNCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSBYOEHUNSUUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.1.0]pentan-3-yloxy)ethanol Chemical compound C1(C2C(O2)O1)OCCO FSBYOEHUNSUUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-4-heptanone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)CC(C)C PTTPXKJBFFKCEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFAWEYJGIGIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trimethoxymethyl)dodecoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C(C1CO1)OCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC MFAWEYJGIGIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-hydroxypropanoate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O AIFLGMNWQFPTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- LSTZTHCEEPHCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.1.0]pentan-3-yloxy)-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.1.0]pentane Chemical compound C1(C2C(O2)O1)OC1C2C(O2)O1 LSTZTHCEEPHCNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUDRIPQIHZFWIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxydodec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(OC)C=C ZUDRIPQIHZFWIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXPGQGNWEWPWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(triethoxymethyl)dodecan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCCC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC SXPGQGNWEWPWQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl lactate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)O MRABAEUHTLLEML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKMREUYQYUQFBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)#N.[CH2-]C(=O)C Chemical compound C(C)#N.[CH2-]C(=O)C HKMREUYQYUQFBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXEYRBLEYIDXMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCC)C=C Chemical compound C(C)OC(CCCCCCCCC)C=C ZXEYRBLEYIDXMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTDLVDBRMBSPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1CO1)OCCCC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(C1CO1)OCCCC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC MTDLVDBRMBSPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRNDMACZMJPCRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)C(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound C(CC)C(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC XRNDMACZMJPCRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRITYMRQBPHKEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC)O[AlH]OCCC Chemical compound C(CC)O[AlH]OCCC PRITYMRQBPHKEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZKBIVOXIFYDRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound CC(C(OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCCCCCCC PZKBIVOXIFYDRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVZGZQFBFZWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC([CH2-])=O.CC([CH2-])=O Chemical compound CC([CH2-])=O.CC([CH2-])=O WVZGZQFBFZWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPCARBHJBYDSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCC.CCCCCCCCCC PPCARBHJBYDSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002484 Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002160 Celluloid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZPAKUZKMGJJMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)CC1C(O)=O ZPAKUZKMGJJMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002085 Dialdehyde starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycidol Chemical compound OCC1CO1 CTKINSOISVBQLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Hydroxysuccinimide Chemical compound ON1C(=O)CCC1=O NQTADLQHYWFPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJDCHDFUMGSEHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N NCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC Chemical compound NCCCC(C(OC)(OC)OC)CCCCCCCC XJDCHDFUMGSEHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]methanol Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NCO)=N1 MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本發明係關於用於使碳填充材分散於水系溶劑或非水系溶劑所構成的液態媒體中的碳填充材分散劑。更詳言之,係以提供作為塗料、油墨、塗敷劑、磁性體、陶瓷、蓄電裝置等產業領域中所應用之各種塗佈液等有用之在溶液中均勻分散碳填充材之含碳填充材複合材之提供上有效的碳填充材分散劑為其目的。
碳填充材係以橡膠製品之填充增強材用途為中心,被使用作為塑膠、纖維、塗料等之著色顏料。又,因混入塑膠之情況下,可賦予導電性,故亦被圖謀利用於IC托盤和電子零件材料等。更且近年來,已檢討將碳奈米管薄膜代替用於液晶面板和有機EL等FPD(平面‧面板‧顯示器)的透明電極(ITO膜)等,其在各種領域的應用已被檢討。
碳填充材,係一般因初級粒子小且凝集力亦強,故難以均勻分散的材料,其要求可更加均勻分散的分散劑。特別是,於水和含有親水性有機溶劑之水系溶劑的分散,因碳填充材表面為親油性,故表面能量低,對於水系溶劑的濕潤性差,難以均均分散。
碳填充材的分散狀態為不均勻之情況,係產生各種問題。於塗料和印刷油墨等之用途中,具有無法獲得所欲鮮明性和光澤感的問題。特別是,於導電材料之用途中,變成難以形成適切的導電網絡,故在無法達到所欲電阻值等之基本特性上有發生不適切之虞。因此,為充分表現碳填充材之機能性,必須以漿料狀態適切表現機能性,即,於漿料中碳填充材為均勻且安定分散。
於是,若以碳填充材之分散性為中心考慮適切之溶劑,則作為漿料的溶劑(分散媒),以碳填充材之均勻分散性優異,且顯示高密著力,乾燥容易之非水系(有機溶劑系)溶劑(分散媒)為壓倒性有利。因此,實際上,廣泛使用非水系溶劑(參照非專利文獻1、2等)。
然而,非水系之有機溶劑不僅屬揮發性且對於環境的負荷大,且必須要考慮遺傳毒性,於安全性、作業性方面亦留有問題,而期望抑制使用量。近年來,在許多產業領域對於保護環境和防止健康被迫害的意識提高(非專利文獻3),對於具有如上述問題之非水系有機溶劑的使用,要求減低VOC、無溶劑化等之對策,並要求轉換成對於環境和人類友善的製品(非專利文獻4)。
作為對環境和人類友善之製品,最受人注目者為水系製品,其被期待作為擔任無溶劑化之角色。但是,在含有碳填充材之漿料中,使用水代替有機溶劑作為溶劑之情況,係產生各式各樣的問題點。例如,於水系漿料中,若碳填充材粒子具有荷電狀態,則粒子於漿料中容易凝集,更且,因為溶劑與溶質的比重差大,故容易沈降,具有非常難以均勻分散的問題(非專利文獻1)。
因此,確保碳填充材之良好分散性的對策乃為當務之急。作為一般之分散性不良對策,係考慮分散劑之添加、碳填充材之表面處理、微包囊化、對於聚合物導入極性基等。實際上,關於分散劑之添加,對於塗料、油墨、橡膠‧塑膠、電子材料等所使用之含有經微粒子化之黑色無機氧化物的漿料組成物,提案有使用水溶性兩性系分散劑之嘗試(專利文獻1)、及在含有導電輔助劑之電池用組成物中,使用具有鹼性官能基之化合物的嘗試(專利文獻2)。關於對碳填充材施行表面處理,提案有進行臭氧處理、電漿處理等氣相氧化處理,並使用過氧化氫水、過氯酸鈉等進行液相氧化處理,在碳黑表面導入羧基和羥基等親水性官能基,並且提高表面酸性度的碳黑(專利文獻3、4)。
此外,有在導電性填充材表面形成絕緣性樹脂而作成微包囊型導電性填充材的提案,以及關於含有具極性基之聚合物和導電性填充材之異向性導電用樹脂組成物的提案。
但是,該等提案所用之分散媒係以有機溶劑作為中心而使用,使用水系的案例非常少。又,經由表面處理而導入親水性官能基的碳黑,對於水性溶劑的濕潤性增加,且水分散性察見改善,但所導入的親水性官能基成為導電性的阻礙要因,故在導電性為目的之用途中受到不適使用等之約束。因此,強烈期望即使使用,亦使用非水系有機溶劑的比例量少,對環境友善,廉價,且安全性亦高的水系漿料,且,碳填充材為均勻分散之手法的出現。
嘗試在水系溶劑分散中有碳填充材之漿料的分散安定化之情況,係考慮對於上述有機溶劑的各手法,若考慮製造步驟和塗佈系統之簡單化、以及費用方面,則以「分散劑的添加」之手法為有利。作為水系漿料所使用的分散劑,可考慮塗料領域所使用之多羧酸鹽和磷酸系胺鹽、作為高分子分散劑之聚丙烯酸醯胺等,但若考慮對於環境負荷減低化,則以對於環境友善之天然物系物質為佳。作為此種物質,提案有於非水電解質二次電池電極製造時,使用羧甲基纖維素作為水系分散劑的提案(專利文獻4),但在分散效果中留有改良的餘地。
[專利文獻1] 日本專利特開2009-148681號公報
[專利文獻2] 日本專利特開2009-26744號公報
[專利文獻3] 日本專利特開平11-323175號公報
[專利文獻4] 日本專利特開2009-238720號公報
[非專利文獻1] 坂本涉、平野真一:「使用水系漿料之介電體陶瓷片的加工」,Material Integration,第19卷,第5號,第25頁~第33頁,2006年
[非專利文獻2] Shin-ichi HASHIMOTO and Masashi MORI:”Electrolyte thin film formation for solid oxide fuel cells using water-based slurry contained Ce0.9
Gd0.1
O1.95
nano-powder”,電化學及工業物理化學,第77卷,第2號,第195頁~第198頁,2009年
[非專利文獻3] 赤塚泰昌:「環境對應型環氧樹脂之開發動向」,JETI,第50卷,第9號,第103頁~第105頁,2002年
[非專利文獻4] 正宗潔:「對環境友善之水系環氧樹脂」,JETI,第50卷,第9號,第121頁~第124頁,2002年
本發明為鑑於上述情事而完成者,本發明之目的在於提供可解決上述先前技術之問題之對環境友善之天然物系的物質,並且對於液態媒體中,特別是水系溶劑中之碳填充材提供良好的分散性,且即使作為碳填充材之黏著劑亦具機能之新穎的分散劑。更且,本發明之目的在於提供,於塗料、油墨、調色劑、橡膠‧塑膠、陶瓷、磁性體、接著劑、電池、電子材料、液晶彩色濾光片等多方面可利用之碳填充材為均勻分散之分散性及保存安定性優異之漿料,且利用於近年已社會問題化之保護環境和防止健康被迫害。
上述之目的係根據下述之本發明而達成。即,本發明為提供碳填充材用分散劑,其特徵為,係用於使碳填充材分散於水系溶劑或非水系溶劑所構成之液態媒體中的分散劑,且,以羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖作為主成分。
作為本發明之碳填充材用分散劑之較佳形態,可列舉下述者。羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖係由甘油基化聚葡萄胺糖、羥乙基聚葡萄胺糖、羥丙基聚葡萄胺糖、羥丁基聚葡萄胺糖及羥丁基羥丙基聚葡萄胺糖所組成群中選出之至少1種。羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖之重量平均分子量為2,000~350,000。羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖之羥烷基化度為0.5以上且4以下。更且,含有有機酸或其衍生物作為添加劑,該有機酸之添加量為每1質量份羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,係0.2~3質量份。碳填充材係由碳黑、乙炔黑、科琴碳黑(Ketjen Black)、爐黑(furnace black)、天然石墨、人造石墨、非晶質碳、硬碳、軟碳、活性碳、碳奈米纖維、碳奈米管、富勒體(fullerene)所組成群中選出之至少1種。
若根據本發明,則提供對於環境友善之天然物系物質,對於液態媒體中,特別是水系溶劑中之碳填充材提供良好分散性的新穎分散劑。更且,若根據本發明,則提供於塗料、油墨、調色劑、橡膠‧塑膠、陶瓷、磁性體、接著劑、電池、電子材料、液晶彩色濾光片等多方面可利用之碳填充材為均勻分散之分散性及保存安定性優異的漿料,更且可提供塗佈液,可利用於近年已社會問題化之保護環境和防止健康被迫害。即,若根據本發明,經由本發明之分散劑獲得碳填充材於液態媒體中均勻分散而成的漿料,藉此,可實現具備高分散性和分散安定性之碳填充材分散而成的塗佈液。更且,此物質可作用為分散劑機能之同時,係為碳填充材之黏著劑或具有皮膜形成能力的天然聚合物,故使用含有該分散劑而成之塗佈液進行塗佈處理,則可形成碳填充材為有效分散而成之含有碳填充材的複合材。此複合材,因碳填充材為均勻分散,故可充分表現碳填充材所具有的機能性。特別是,將使用本發明分散劑之碳填充材為均勻分散而成的塗佈液,對金屬、樹脂、陶瓷、蓄電裝置集電體等各種被塗佈物進行塗佈處理,則可獲得能有效表現碳填充材所具有之導電性之優良性能的導電性複合材。
本發明者等人,為了達成上述目的而致力研究之結果,發現屬於來自天然物之物質的羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,係具有皮膜形成能力的天然聚合物,於水系溶劑或非水系溶劑所構成之液態媒體,特別於水系溶劑中,對於碳填充材顯示高分散機能,因而達成本發明。即,發現將羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖添加至水系溶劑或非水系溶劑所構成的液態媒體水系漿料,則該漿料具有適度之黏性,且有效抑制碳填充材的沈降分離,而可解決如上述先前技術的問題,並且達到完成本發明。
其次,列舉實施發明之最佳形態而進一步詳細說明本發明。
本發明之分散劑,其特徵在於,係用於使碳填充材分散於水系溶劑或非水系溶劑所構成之液態媒體中的分散劑,且,以羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖作為主成分。本發明之分散劑,特別可用於作為使碳填充材分散於水,或者,水及與水混合之有機溶劑之水系混合液態媒體中者。於本發明之分散劑中,表現碳填充材分散效果的主成分,係屬於對於環境負荷少之天然系聚合物之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖。於本發明中,特別以由甘油基化聚葡萄胺糖、羥乙基聚葡萄胺糖、羥丙基聚葡萄胺糖、羥丁基聚葡萄胺糖及羥丁基羥丙基聚葡萄胺糖所組成群中選出之至少1種為佳。
本發明特徵之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,具有對聚葡萄胺糖之胺基加成環氧烷(alkylene oxide)或環氧乙烷甲醇(oxiranemethanol)的構造,將聚葡萄胺糖和環氧烷、或與環氧乙烷甲醇反應而製造者為佳。但是,本發明所使用之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖並非限定於此,以其他方法製造之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖亦可同樣使用。又,上述之環氧烷和環氧乙烷甲醇可單獨使用,且亦可混合使用複數種。
將聚葡萄胺糖和環氧烷反應,以製造本發明所使用之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖之情況,係例如,於含水異丙醇等中,將聚葡萄胺糖攪拌分散,並於其中添加氫氧化鈉和環氧丁烷,其次加熱攪拌,則即可獲得羥丁基聚葡萄胺糖。
又,將聚葡萄胺糖與環氧乙烷甲醇反應,以製造本發明所使用之甘油基化聚葡萄胺糖之情況,係例如,於含水異丙醇等中,將聚葡萄胺糖攪拌分散,並於其中添加環氧乙烷甲醇,其次加熱攪拌,即可獲得甘油基化聚葡萄胺糖。
本發明所用之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,由碳填充材之分散性方面而言,以羥烷基化度為0.5以上且4以下範圍之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖為適於使用。此處,所謂「羥烷基化度(無單位)」,係指環氧烷或環氧乙烷甲醇對於聚葡萄胺糖的加成率。即,本發明中,相對於構成聚葡萄胺糖之吡喃糖環每1個(1莫耳),以0.5莫耳以上且4莫耳以下為佳。為獲得此種羥烷基化度,實施上述方法時,加入相對於構成聚葡萄胺糖之吡喃糖環每1個(1莫耳),為0.6莫耳以上且10莫耳以下之環氧烷或環氧乙烷甲醇反應即可。若使用之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖的羥烷基化度未滿0.5,則碳填充材分散性、分散後之漿料安定性方面不夠充分,另一方面,即使該羥烷基化度超過4,碳填充材分散性亦不會改變,故更加增大羥烷基化度為不經濟的。
又,本發明中,使用重量平均分子量為2,000以上且350,000以下範圍之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,特別以5,000以上且250,000以下之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖為佳。重量平均分子量未滿2,000,則碳填充材之分散性方面不夠充分,故為不佳。另一方面,若重量平均分子量超過350,000,則分散劑的黏度上升,使用其調製漿料等之分散液之情況,難以提高分散液中之碳填充材的固形份濃度,故為不佳。
本發明之分散劑,以如上述之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖作為主成分,並於其中,亦可進一步添加有機酸或其衍生物。亦根據其製造方法和使用形態,例如,上述羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖的羥烷基化度小於1之情況等,在提高對於液態媒體溶解性之目的下添加有機酸或其衍生物為佳。作為該有機酸的添加量,若每1質量份羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,以0.2~3質量份即可。如後述,使用本發明之分散劑調製塗佈液之情況中,若使用2價以上,特別為3價以上之多元酸作為有機酸,則作為分散劑之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖交聯並且發揮皮膜形成能力。針對此點,係予以詳述。
如上述構成而成之本發明的分散劑,對於經由該分散劑而將碳填充材,於水及/或親水性有機溶劑所構成之水系溶劑中,或者,於非水性之極性溶劑等液態媒體中,分散含有而成之塗佈液之情況中為有用的。其後,該塗佈液,例如,若應用於各種製品,則可成為賦予均勻導電性的複合材。本發明之分散劑,特別因為可使碳填充材在水系溶劑中良好分散,故由保護環境和防止健康被迫害之觀點而言亦為有用。因此,由此種觀點而言,本發明所使用之液態媒體,係使用水,或者,水及/或可與水混合之有機溶劑所構成的混合媒體為佳。本發明之分散劑,作成於該等液態媒體中,至少溶解羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖而成之溶液形態為佳。
針對經由上述本發明之分散劑主成分羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖而被分散,並且再作為黏著對象的碳填充材進行說明。本發明所使用之碳填充材可使用粒狀、片狀及短纖維狀者之任一者。作為粒狀者,可列舉碳黑、乙炔黑、科琴碳黑、爐黑等。又,作為片狀者,可列舉天然石墨、集結石墨、人工(人造)石墨等。又,作為短纖維狀者,可列舉PAN系碳纖維、瀝青系碳纖維、碳奈米纖維、碳奈米管等。作為更適於使用之碳填充材,可列舉碳黑、乙炔黑、科琴碳黑、爐黑、天然石墨、人工(人造)石墨、集結石墨、非晶質碳、硬碳、軟碳、活性碳、碳奈米纖維、碳奈米管、富勒體等。製作以本發明之分散劑將碳填充材分散於液態媒體中而成之塗佈液時,碳填充材的使用量,相對於塗佈液100質量份,通常為0.01~30質量份左右,較佳為1~20質量份。作為本發明分散劑之使用量,以主成分羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖與碳填充材之關係,相對於碳填充材1質量份,羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖為0.1~10質量份,更佳為0.5~5質量份左右。
塗佈液中之碳填充材的使用量,亦根據其使用目的而異,若少於0.01質量份,則所形成之含碳填充材複合材的著色力和導電性等機能有時不足。另一方面,碳填充材的使用量若超過30質量份,則其他成分不足,且複合材所要求之其他性能有時降低,故為不佳。
作為本發明溶液狀之分散劑,及,經由本發明之分散劑所提供之塗佈液等之碳填充材分散複合材中,所使用的水系溶劑(水系分散媒)可列舉水,而可與水混合之有機溶劑與水的混合分散媒亦適合使用。作為可與水混合之有機溶劑,可使用先前公知者。可列舉例如,甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、異丙醇(IPA)、正丁醇、第二丁醇、異丁醇、第三丁醇等醇類、醋酸甲酯、醋酸乙酯、醋酸正丙酯、醋酸異丙酯、醋酸正丁酯、醋酸異丁酯、醋酸甲氧基丁酯、醋酸賽路蘇、醋酸戊酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸丁酯等酯類、丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、二異丁基酮、環己酮等酮類、N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺等醯胺類、二甲基亞碸等亞碸類等。其中,亦以醇類為適合使用,且IPA為特別適合使用。又,該等可與水混合之有機溶劑可單獨使用且亦可混合使用。
於本發明溶液狀之分散劑,及,經由本發明之分散劑所提供之塗佈液等碳填充材分散複合材中,使用可與水混合之有機溶劑所構成之有機溶劑/水之混合媒體之情況,水系混合分散媒(100質量%)中之有機溶劑的量於1~99質量%之間為任意,以5~60質量%之間的混合分散媒為更適於使用。例如,使用IPA/水混合分散媒之情況,IPA含量為1~40質量%為佳,特別以5~40質量%之混合分散媒為佳。
作為含有本發明分散劑而成之碳填充材分散塗佈液的適當配合,例如,於碳填充材分散塗佈液100質量份中,羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖之添加量為0.02~20質量份,碳填充材的添加量為0.01~30質量份。
使用本發明之分散劑調製塗佈液之情況中,如上述,作為分散劑添加劑之有機酸若使用2價以上,特別是3價以上之多元酸,則分散劑主成分羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖交聯並且發揮皮膜形成能力。因此,有機酸及/或其衍生物為了提高羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖的溶解性,亦可加入作為液狀分散劑的添加劑,但亦可加入作為塗佈液的構成成分。又,於塗佈液中,除了發揮作為皮膜形成成分機能之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖以外,亦可適當使用其他之樹脂成分作為皮膜形成成分。使用含有此種有機酸及/或其衍生物與羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖而構成的塗佈液(含碳填充材複合材),可形成接著性及耐溶劑性優異的塗膜。其係在塗佈後之加熱乾燥時,有機酸及/或其衍生物作用為羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖、以及任意添加之樹脂成分的交聯劑,對於被塗佈物,特別是金屬材料表面,可形成具有優異接著性及耐溶劑性之含碳填充材塗佈膜。
作為本發明所使用之有機酸或其衍生物,可使用先前公知者。可使用例如,有機酸本身、其酸酐、其有機酸之一部分或全部羧基之鹽,特別為銨鹽和胺鹽、多元酸之一部分或全部羧基之烷酯、醯胺、醯亞胺、醯胺醯亞胺、彼等化合物之羧基經N-羥基琥珀醯亞胺、N-羥基磺酸基琥珀醯亞胺、或其衍生物進行1個以上修飾的衍生物等。作為該等有機酸之衍生物,以其後所形成之含碳填充材複合材加熱時再生有機酸的化合物為佳。
作為本發明中較佳使用之有機酸,由對於構成分散劑之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖等之交聯性方面而言,可列舉2價以上,特別為3價以上之多元酸檸檬酸、1,2,3-丙烷三羧酸、1,2,4-環己烷三羧酸、1,2,4,5-環己烷四羧酸、1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸、偏苯三酸、均苯四酸、乙二胺四醋酸、1,4,5,8-萘四羧酸及1,2,3,4,5,6-環己烷六羧酸及其酸酐等。
本發明中有機酸及/或其衍生物之使用量,於每1質量份分散劑主成分羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,以0.2~3質量份,特別以0.5~2質量份為佳。又,含有本發明分散劑而成之塗佈液之情況,每100質量份塗佈液之有機酸及/或其衍生物之使用量為0.01~20質量份,特別以0.02~10質量份為佳。此時,有機酸及/或其衍生物的使用量若未滿0.01質量%,則所形成之含碳填充材複合材對於被塗佈物的接著性及對於有機溶劑之不溶解性、非膨脹性方面不夠充分,故為不佳。另一方面,上述使用量若超過20質量%,則所形成皮膜或含碳填充材複合材之可撓性降低,同時為不經濟的,故為不佳。
含有本發明分散劑而成之碳填充材分散塗佈液,在欲對塗佈膜賦予物理強度、耐久性、耐磨損性、對於被塗佈物之接著性等之情況中,可添加羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖以外之樹脂成分作為塗佈膜的黏合劑。作為碳填充材分散塗佈液所使用之樹脂成分,可列舉聚乙烯醇、含氟高分子、纖維素系高分子、澱粉系高分子、苯乙烯系聚合體、丙烯酸系聚合體、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚合體、聚醯胺、聚醯亞胺及聚醯胺醯亞胺等先前公知之樹脂。該等樹脂成分可由市場取得直接使用,但必須根據使用之分散媒體適當選擇或調整。例如,於水系分散媒體之情況,必須使用具有羧基等親水性基的樹脂。
含有本發明分散劑而成之碳填充材分散塗佈液中之樹脂成分的使用量,相對於本發明分散劑之主成分羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖每1質量份,以0.1~20質量份,特別以0.5~10質量份為佳。又,碳填充材分散塗佈液100質量份中含有羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖之總樹脂成分的使用量,以固形份量為1~40質量份,以2~20質量份為佳。此時,樹脂成分之使用量若未滿1質量份,則所形成含碳填充材複合材之強度和對於被塗佈物的接著性不足,塗佈膜成分容易從塗佈膜層脫落,故為不佳。另一方面,上述使用量若超過40質量份,則難以獲得均勻溶液,同時,作為分散質之碳填充材被樹脂成分覆蓋隱藏,變得無法充分發揮碳填充材所具有的機能性,故為不佳。
本發明所使用之有機酸及/或其衍生物及有機溶劑類可直接使用一般市售品,但視需要亦可純化後使用。又,含有本發明分散劑而成之碳填充材分散塗佈液的製造中,將羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖及樹脂成分等之聚合物類及有機酸及/或其衍生物,溶解於水系溶劑或非水系溶劑所構成之液態媒體時,於該等分散媒中添加的順序可為將含有羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖之聚合物類或有機酸及/或其衍生物中任一者先行添加,亦可同時添加。關於溶解方法,在室溫攪拌即足夠充分,但視需要亦可加熱。
含有本發明分散劑而成之碳填充材分散塗佈液,可在水系溶劑或非水系溶劑所構成之液態媒體中,添加以羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖作為主成分之本發明分散劑及碳填充材,以及視需要作為塗佈膜增強成分之樹脂成分和有機酸,並且混練,即可獲得。該塗佈液中之各成分的比例,例如,以塗佈液定為100質量份時,羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖為0.02~20質量份,碳填充材為0.01~30質量份,其他之樹脂成分為1~20質量份,有機酸及/或其衍生物為0.02~20質量份為特佳。又,塗佈液之固形份為0.05~50質量%為佳。
更且,含有本發明分散劑而成之碳填充材分散塗佈液,可含有上述成分以外之任意成分,例如,可含有其他交聯劑等。作為其他之交聯劑,可列舉例如,諸如乙二醇二環氧丙基醚、聚乙二醇二環氧丙基醚、甘油聚環氧丙基醚之環氧化合物;諸如甲苯二異氰酸酯、苯二甲基二異氰酸酯、六亞甲基二異氰酸酯、苯基二異氰酸酯之異氰酸酯化合物和彼等經酚類、醇類、活性亞甲基類、硫醇類、酸醯胺類、醯亞胺類、胺類、咪唑類、脲類、胺甲酸類、亞胺類、肟類、亞硫酸類等封端劑予以封合的嵌段異氰酸酯化合物;諸如乙二醛、戊二醛、二醛澱粉之醛化合物。
又,可列舉諸如聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、己二醇二丙烯酸酯之(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物;諸如羥甲基三聚氰胺、二羥甲基脲之羥甲基化合物;諸如醋酸氧鋯、碳酸氧鋯、乳酸鈦之有機酸金屬鹽;諸如三甲醇鋁、三丁醇鋁、四乙醇鈦、四丁醇鈦、四丁醇鋯、二丙醇鋁乙醯丙酮化物、二甲醇鈦雙(乙醯丙酮化物)、二丁醇鈦雙(乙醯乙酸乙酯)之金屬醇鹽化合物。
又,可列舉諸如乙烯基甲氧基矽烷、乙烯基乙氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-環氧丙氧基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺丙基三甲氧基矽烷、3-胺丙基三乙氧基矽烷、3-異氰酸酯丙基三乙氧基矽烷、咪唑矽烷之矽烷偶合劑;諸如甲基三甲氧基矽烷、四乙氧基矽烷、甲基三乙氧基矽烷之矽烷化合物;碳二亞胺化合物等。該等交聯劑並非必須使用,於使用時,將樹脂成分量加至分散劑主成分羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖量中的量定為100質量份,交聯劑的量以0.01~200質量份為適當。
以下,說明關於含有本發明分散劑而成之碳填充材分散塗佈液的具體調製方法。首先,將作為分散劑之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖、碳填充材、有機酸、樹脂成分如上述之比例添加至水系分散媒,並使用先前公知的混合機進行混合分散,調製塗佈液。作為混合機,可使用球磨、砂磨、顏料分散機、擂碎機、超音波分散機、均質器、行星式混合機、霍巴特混合機等。又,將碳填充材使用擂碎機、行星式混合機、漢歇爾混合機、Omni混合機(Omni mixer)等混合機預先混合,其次添加羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖、樹脂成分、及有機酸並且均勻混合的方法亦佳。經由採用該等方法,則可輕易獲得均勻的塗佈液。
將上述之塗佈液塗佈至各種被塗佈物時的塗佈量並無特別限制,一般為乾燥後形成之含碳填充材複合材厚度通常為0.05~100 μm,較佳0.1~10 μm之量。
將含有本發明分散劑而成之碳填充材分散塗佈液,塗佈至被塗佈物表面,將其乾燥,即可提供含碳填充材複合材。作為此時所使用之被塗佈物,可列舉鋁和銅等金屬、玻璃、天然樹脂、合成樹脂、陶瓷、紙、纖維、織布、非織布、皮革等。
如上述處理所得之含碳填充材複合材,在被塗佈物上,以分散劑羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,形成、配置以良好狀態均勻分散之碳填充材、和經有機酸交聯之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖和樹脂成分等之聚合物類所構成的塗佈膜層,該塗佈膜層具有如上述之特性。
其次,列舉實施例及比較例更加具體說明本發明。另外,文中之「份」或「%」為質量基準。又,本發明不被此等實施例所限定。
表1中,顯示出實施例及比較例之分散劑組成。使用作為各分散劑主成分之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,分別簡寫如下。
羥乙基聚葡萄胺糖;HEC
羥丙基聚葡萄胺糖;HPC
羥丁基聚葡萄胺糖;HBC
羥丁基羥丙基聚葡萄胺糖;HBPC
甘油基化聚葡萄胺糖;DHPC
又,使用作為添加成分之有機酸及有機溶劑,簡寫如下。
1,2,3-丙烷三羧酸;PTC
1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸;BTC
甲醇;MeOH
乙醇;EtOH
異丙醇;IPA
N-甲基-2-吡咯啶酮;NMP
於離子交換水90份中,分散羥烷基化度(以下稱HA化度)為0.6,重量平均分子量(Mw)為50,000之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖DHPC 5份。其後,於所得之分散液中,加入有機酸BTC 5份後,於室溫攪拌溶解4小時,調製水溶液所構成之分散劑100份。
如表1所示般,改變羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖之種類、HA化度、MW及使用量(質量)、有機酸之種類及使用量、液態媒體之種類及使用量,以實施例1同樣之方法調製實施例2~10之液狀分散劑。
於離子交換水87份中,分散聚葡萄胺糖(HA化度0.0,MW100,000) 5份,於所得之分散液中加入檸檬酸8份後,於室溫攪拌溶解4小時,調製比較例1之水溶液所構成之分散劑100份。
使用上述調製之實施例3水溶液所構成的分散劑,如下處理使碳填充材於此液中分散,製作碳填充材分散塗佈液。此時,對於碳填充材,係使用爐黑(東海Carbon(股)公司製,Toka Black # 4500)。其後,相對於此爐黑10份,將先前調製之實施例3分散劑以90份之配合比,以行星式混合機,以迴轉數60 rpm,攪拌混合120分鐘,獲得碳填充材分散塗佈液。
將上述所得之碳填充材分散塗佈液,使用棒塗敷器No.6,於玻璃板上塗佈展色,以目視確認塗膜的外觀,評估碳填充材的分散性。塗膜為均勻且未察見斑紋、線條、不勻之情況評估為分散性「良」,於塗膜察見斑紋和線條、不勻之情況評估為分散性「不良」。評估結果示於表2。
更且,以下述方法評估上述所得碳填充材分散塗佈液的保存安定性。將碳填充材分散塗佈液放入500毫升玻璃容器,於室溫靜置保存1個月。其後,以目視觀察保存後之狀態,並以下述基準評估。無上清液發生及填充材沈降者評估為A,雖發生上清液和填充材沈降,但若輕輕振動容器則填充材再分散者評估為B,有上清液發生和填充材沈降,以輕輕振動容器之程度並無法使填充材再分散,必須以分散機予以再分散者評估為C。評估結果示於表2。
除了使用下述表2記載之分散劑及碳填充材,代替實施使用例1所用之分散劑及碳填充材以外,同實施使用例1處理製作碳填充材分散塗佈液。關於所得之各塗佈液,同實施使用例1之情況處理,評估分散性及保存安定性。結果示於下述表2。
FB:爐黑[東海Carbon(股)公司製、Toka Black#4500]
AB:乙炔黑[電化學工業(股)公司製、Denka Black HS-100]
KB:科琴碳黑[Lion(股)公司製、ECP600JD]
CNT:碳奈米管[東京化成工業(股),多層型,直徑10-20 nm,長度5-15 μm]
於250毫升聚乙烯容器中,裝入碳奈米管(CNT)[東京化成工業(股),多層型,直徑10-20 nm,長度5-15 μm]0.3克、實施例2之分散劑5克、水75克、IPA 20克、及氧化鋯珠粒(直徑0.8 mm)500克,以塗料振盪器分散2小時,獲得CNT分散塗佈液。將上述所得之塗佈液對PET薄膜(厚度0.1 μm,A4大小),以乾燥塗佈量為0.3 g/m2
的方式以棒塗敷器塗佈,並且以180℃×2分鐘送風乾燥,製作具有CNT薄膜的PET薄膜。
對於所得之PET薄膜,進行賽珞凡膠帶剝離試驗時,CNT薄膜無剝落,密著性良好。其次,將未進行上述所用之薄膜形成之未處理PET薄膜、和具有上述所得之CNT薄膜層之PET薄膜的表面電阻率,分別使用High Rester UP MCP-HT450(三菱化學Analitech公司製)測定。結果,未處理品為>1014
Ω/□,相對地,處理品為2.3×106
Ω/□,係相較於未處理者低電阻率。由此而言,本發明實施例之分散劑亦有效作為防帶電薄膜等之用途。
表3中,顯示出實施例及比較例所用之非水系及水系羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖溶液之組成。
有機酸之簡寫,將1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸簡寫為BTC,1,2,3,4,5,6-環己烷六羧酸簡寫為CHHC。又,各種聚合物溶液中使用的極性溶劑,將二甲基亞碸簡寫為DMSO,此外,同上述所列舉者。
於作為非水系媒體之93份之DMSO中,分散羥乙基聚葡萄胺糖(HA化度1.2,MW80,000)5份,並於該分散液中加入2份CHHC後,以50℃攪拌溶解2小時,調製100份之羥乙基聚葡萄胺糖溶液。
如表3所示,改變羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖之種類及使用量(質量)、有機酸之種類及使用量或極性溶劑之種類及使用量,以與實施例11同樣之方法,調製各實施例之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖溶液。
使用先前調製之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖的非水系溶液作為分散劑,以下列方法製作含有碳填充材之塗佈液。以作為碳填充材之乙炔黑7份及表3之實施例11之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖溶液93份之配合比,以行星式混合機以迴轉數60 rpm攪拌混合120分鐘,獲得漿狀之塗佈液。
使用上述所得之塗佈液,以厚度20 μm之鋁箔所構成的集電體作為基體,並於該基體上的單面以刮刀輥塗敷器將塗佈液塗佈後,以110℃之烤爐乾燥處理2分鐘,再以180℃之烤爐乾燥2分鐘除去溶劑之同時使羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖成分交聯,於集電體上形成乾燥膜厚為1 μm的塗佈膜。
對上述之塗佈膜層使用刀片以1 mm之間隔拉出垂直縱橫各11根的平行線,於1 cm2
中形成100個分格。於此面貼附修補膠帶(mending tape),其後,進行膠帶剝離,求出未剝離之分格個數,作為與集電體密著性的尺度標準。10次平均值為97個。又,將形成上述分格的塗佈膜層,於EC(碳酸伸乙酯):PC(碳酸伸丙酯):DME(二甲氧基乙烷)分別以體積比1:1:2配合之混合溶劑中,於溶解1莫耳之LiPF6
作為支持鹽的溶液中,觀察於70℃浸漬72小時後之塗佈膜層狀態,無變化者以溶解‧膨脹性「無」表示,塗佈膜層剝離或膨脹者以溶解‧膨脹性「有」表示。評估結果示於表4。
更且,為了評估上述所得塗佈膜層的導電性,在玻璃板上以刮刀輥塗敷器將塗佈液塗佈後,以200℃之烤爐乾燥處理1分鐘,形成導電性塗佈膜(乾燥膜厚4 μm)。
所得塗佈膜之表面電阻率根據JIS K 7194,以四探針法求出。測定係使用三菱化學Analitech製Rolester GP,MCP-T610,於25℃、相對濕度60%之條件下測定。結果示於表4。
除了使用表4記載之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖溶液,代替實施例11之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖溶液以外,同實施使用例11處理製作塗佈膜,調查其密著性、溶解‧膨脹性、表面電阻率,獲得表4記載之結果。如表4所示,可確認本發明之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖溶液,係以良好狀態分散碳填充材,同時,羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖成分交聯,具有良好之皮膜形成能力。
以下列方法製作含有正極活性物質的正極液。作為正極液之材料,使用具有1~100 μm粒徑之LiCoO2
粉末90份、作為導電輔助劑之乙炔黑5份、作為黏合劑以聚偏二氟乙烯之5% NMP溶液(PVDF溶液)50份之配合比,以行星式混合機,以迴轉數60 rpm攪拌混合120分鐘,則獲得漿狀之含有正極活性物質的正極液。
使用上述所得之正極液,在實施使用例12之塗佈膜層的表面,以刮刀輥塗敷器塗佈後,以110℃之烤爐乾燥處理2分鐘,以180℃之烤爐乾燥2分鐘除去溶劑,在塗佈膜層上,形成乾燥膜厚為100 μm之活性物質層,獲得正極複合層。將上述方法所得之正極複合層以5,000 kgf/cm2
之條件進行加壓使膜均勻。其次,於80℃之真空烤爐中熟化48小時將揮發份(溶劑和未反應之多元酸等)充分除去,獲得正極電極板。
使用實施使用例12之塗佈液,以銅箔集電體作為基體,並在該基體上之單面以刮刀輥塗敷器將塗佈液塗佈後,以110℃之烤爐乾燥處理2分鐘,再以180℃之烤爐乾燥2分鐘除去溶劑之同時使樹脂黏合劑交聯,於集電體上形成乾燥膜厚為1 μm的塗佈膜層。
以下列方法製作含有負極活性物質的負極液。作為負極液之材料,使用將石碳焦碳以1200℃熱分解所得之碳粉末90份、作為導電輔助劑之乙炔黑5份、作為黏合劑之聚偏二氟乙烯之5% NMP溶液(PVDF溶液)50份之配合比,以行星式混合機,以迴轉數60 rpm攪拌混合120分鐘,獲得漿狀之含有負極活性物質的負極液。
使用上述所得之負極液,在上述塗佈膜層的表面,以刮刀輥塗敷器塗佈後,以110℃之烤爐乾燥處理2分鐘,再以180℃之烤爐乾燥2分鐘除去溶劑,獲得在塗佈膜層上,形成乾燥膜厚為100 μm之活性物質層的負極複合層。將上述方法所得之負極複合層以5,000 kgf/cm2
之條件進行加壓使膜均勻。其次,於80℃之真空烤爐中熟化48小時將揮發份(溶劑和未反應之多元酸等)充分除去,獲得負極電極板。
使用如上述處理所得的正極電極板及負極電極板,透過比正極電極板更寬之具有三次元空孔構造(海綿狀)之聚烯烴系(聚丙烯、聚乙烯或其共聚合體)之多孔性薄膜所構成的分隔件,回捲成渦捲狀,首先構成電極體。其次,將此電極體,插入兼備負極端子之有底圓筒狀的不銹鋼容器內,以AA尺寸組裝定格容量500 mAh的電池。於此電池中,注入EC(碳酸伸乙酯):PC(碳酸伸丙酯):DME(二甲氧基乙烷)分別以體積比1:1:2且全量為1公升的方式調製的混合溶劑中,溶解1莫耳LiPF6
作為支持鹽者作為電解液。
於電池特性的測定上,使用充放電測定裝置,以25℃之溫度條件對各20個電池,以充電電流0.2CA之電流值,首先由充電方向充電至電池電壓4.1V為止,停止10分鐘後,以相同電流放電至2.75V為止,停止10分鐘後,以下以相同條件重複100次周期的充放電並測定充放電特性。將第1次周期的充放電容量值定為100之情況,第100次之充放電容量值(充放電容量維持率)為97%。
除了使用下述表5記載之塗佈液及塗佈膜,代替實施使用例17所用之正極電極板及負極電極板之製作中所使用之實施使用例12之塗佈液及塗佈膜以外,同實施使用例17處理,製作電極板及電池,測定充放電特性。結果示於表5。
使用實施使用例12之塗佈液,以厚度20 μm之鋁箔所構成的集電體作為基體,並於該基體上的單面以刮刀輥塗敷器將塗佈液塗佈後,以110℃之烤爐乾燥處理2分鐘,再以180℃之烤爐乾燥2分鐘除去溶劑之同時使樹脂黏合劑交聯,於集電體上形成乾燥膜厚為0.5 μm的塗佈膜層。
其次,以下列方法製作含有活性物質的電極液。作為電極液之材料,將比表面積1,500 m2
/g、平均粒徑10 μm之高純度活性碳粉末100份、作為導電性材料之乙炔黑8份裝入行星式混合機,以全固形份濃度為45%之方式加入聚偏二氟乙烯NMP溶液並混合60分鐘。其後,以固形份濃度為42%之方式以NMP稀釋並再混合10分鐘,獲得電極液。將此電極液,在上述塗佈膜層上使用刮刀予以塗佈,並於80℃以送風乾燥機乾燥30分鐘。其後,使用輥加壓機進行加壓,獲得厚度80 μm、密度0.6 g/cm3
的電容器用分極性電極板。
將上述製造之電容器用分極性電極板以直徑15 mm之圓形切出者作成2枚,並以200℃乾燥20小時。將此2枚電極板的電極層面對向,夾住直徑18 mm、厚度40 μm之圓形纖維素製分隔件。將其收納於設置聚丙烯製襯墊之不銹鋼製之硬幣型外裝容器(直徑20 mm,高度1.8 mm,不銹鋼厚度0.25 mm)中。於此容器中,以不會殘留空氣之方式注入電解液,透過聚丙烯製襯墊對外裝容器蓋上固定厚度0.2 mm的不銹鋼蓋,將容器密封,製造直徑20 mm、厚度約2 mm的硬幣型電容器。另外,於電解液,使用將四乙基銨四氟硼酸酯於碳酸伸丙酯中以1莫耳/公升之濃度溶解的溶液。對於如此處理所得的電容器,測定靜電容量及內部電阻之結果示於表6。
除了使用表6記載之塗佈液,代替實施使用例20所用之實施使用例12的塗佈液以外,同實施使用例20處理,作成電極板及電容器,評估各特性。結果示於表6。
除了使用比較使用例1之塗佈液,代替實施使用例20所用之實施使用例12的塗佈液以外,同實施使用例20處理,作成電極板及電容器,評估各特性。結果示於表6。
表6中之內部電阻及靜電容量如下測定及評估。對於所得之電容器以電流密度20 mA/cm2
測定靜電容量及內部電阻,並以比較使用例2作為基準且以下列之評估基準予以評估。靜電容量愈大,或,內部電阻愈小,則顯示作為電容器的性能良好。
A:較比較使用例2之靜電容量更大20%以上。
B:較比較使用例2之靜電容量更大10%以上且未滿20%。
C:與比較使用例2之靜電容量為同等以下。
A:較比較使用例2之內部電阻更小20%以上。
B:較比較使用例2之內部電阻更小10%以上且未滿20%。
C:與比較使用例2之內部電阻為同等以下。
如上述實施使用例及比較使用例所闡明般,若作成含有使用羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖溶液作為本發明分散劑而發揮機能之塗佈液所形成之塗佈膜的電極板,並使用該電極板製造電容器,則可獲得靜電容量大,且內部電阻小的電容器。
如上說明,若根據本發明,經由使用具備優異分散機能之甘油基化聚葡萄胺糖等羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,則可提供表現高碳填充材分散性和碳填充材分散安定性的分散劑。又,經由調製使上述分散劑與碳填充材分散於水系媒體或非水系媒體中的塗佈液,可提供具備高分散性和分散安定性,並且,即使發揮作為碳填充材黏著劑之機能,亦具有良好之皮膜形成能力的碳填充材分散塗佈液。更且,將此塗佈液進行塗佈處理,則可形成碳填充材有效分散之含碳填充材複合材,且充分表現導電性等碳填充材所具有的機能性。又,將此塗佈液對金屬、樹脂、陶瓷、紙、纖維、玻璃等各種被塗佈物進行塗佈處理,則亦可提供碳填充材所具有之導電性可有效發揮之優異性能的導電性複合材。
Claims (5)
- 一種碳填充材用分散劑,其特徵為,係用於使碳填充材分散於水系溶劑或非水系溶劑所構成的液態媒體中的分散劑,且,以重量平均分子量為2,000~350,000之羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖作為主成分。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之碳填充材用分散劑,其中,上述羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖係由甘油基化聚葡萄胺糖、羥乙基聚葡萄胺糖、羥丙基聚葡萄胺糖、羥丁基聚葡萄胺糖及羥丁基羥丙基聚葡萄胺糖所組成群中選出之至少1種。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之碳填充材用分散劑,其中,上述羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖之羥烷基化度為0.5以上且4以下。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之碳填充材用分散劑,其中,進一步含有有機酸或其衍生物作為添加劑,該有機酸之添加量為每1質量份羥烷基聚葡萄胺糖,係0.2~3質量份。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之碳填充材用分散劑,其中,上述碳填充材係由碳黑、乙炔黑、科琴碳黑(Ketjen Black)、爐黑(furnace black)、天然石墨、人造石墨、非晶質碳、硬碳、軟碳、活性碳、碳奈米纖維、碳奈米管、富勒體(fullerene)所組成群中選出之至少1種。
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JP2006286344A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Kyoritsu Kagaku Sangyo Kk | リチウム非水電解質電池、およびその製造方法 |
JP2008060060A (ja) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-03-13 | Kyoritsu Kagaku Sangyo Kk | 電極板製造用塗工液、アンダーコート剤およびその使用 |
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