JP6001169B2 - 止血デバイス - Google Patents
止血デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6001169B2 JP6001169B2 JP2015518410A JP2015518410A JP6001169B2 JP 6001169 B2 JP6001169 B2 JP 6001169B2 JP 2015518410 A JP2015518410 A JP 2015518410A JP 2015518410 A JP2015518410 A JP 2015518410A JP 6001169 B2 JP6001169 B2 JP 6001169B2
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Description
以下の表は、本開示により作製された止血被覆材のいくつかの例に関する組成および凝固試験データを示す。本明細書で開示されるいくつかの実施形態と同様に、この実験の被覆材は、Gの多いアルギン酸塩を含有する。このアルギン酸塩は、約68%のGモノマーおよび約32%のMモノマーからなる(アルギン酸塩試料の組成を判定するいくつかの方法に関する詳細な情報については、以下の実施例3を参照されたい)。
・第2列:カオリンの導入前の水中のアルギン酸ナトリウムの濃度。
・第3列:ガーゼ下地の導入前のスラリー中のカオリンとアルギン酸ナトリウムの比。
・第4列:ガーゼ下地の上およびその中のアルギン酸ナトリウムとカオリンを架橋するために使用される、水溶液中の塩化カルシウムの濃度。
・第5列:ガーゼ下地が塩化カルシウム溶液に曝露された、分単位の時間の量。
・第6列:各試料の重量百分率の増加。これらの値は、各試料を、最初に乾燥した未処理ガーゼ下地として、次にカオリン/アルギン酸塩混合物が加えられ、架橋され、洗浄され、結果として得られた製品に乾燥処理を施した後で、計量することによって得られた。
・第7列:リー・ホワイト(Lee-White)法による生体外凝固時間。
この実施例では、本開示により準備された止血デバイスから解放される止血剤の量を測定した。しかしながら、他の実施例、試験、または方法も、同じくまたは代替的に、この判定または類似の判定を行うために使用されてよい。いくつかの実施形態と同様に、被覆材は、止血剤(カオリン)を使用して準備した。具体的には、この実験用の被覆材は、本開示により準備した。この測定は、以下のステップを含んだ。
- 1個の被覆材を生理食塩水(0.90%w/vのNaCl)中に浸漬し、24時間にわたって周期的に振盪させた。
- 次に、すべての固体を捕捉するために、0.2ミクロンのナイロンフィルタを使用して生理食塩水/固体懸濁液を濾過した。
- プロトン励起X線放射(PIXE)法を使用してフィルタを分析し、存在するSiおよびAlの量を判定した。
- 前のステップで判定されたSiおよびAlの測定値から、フィルタ上のカオリンの量を計算した。
高温1H NMRを使用してグルロン酸モノマーとマンヌロン酸モノマーの相対量を判定するための分析を、アルギン酸カルシウムの2つの試料(アルギン酸塩Aおよびアルギン酸塩B)に対して実行した。以下で説明する方法以外の方法を使用して、アルギン酸塩試料中のグルロン酸とマンヌロン酸の相対量または絶対量を判定することができることに留意されたい。アルギン酸ナトリウム試料中のグルロン酸とマンヌロン酸の相対量を以下の表に示す。
実験条件は、Thomas A. Davisら、1H-NMR Study of Na Alginates Extracted from Sargassum spp. in Relation to Metal Biosorption、110 Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 75(2003)から得た。試料をD2Oに溶解させ、NMRデータ収集の前に数回乾燥させた。アルギン酸塩A試料の場合、5mmのBBOFプローブを装備したBruker Avance500 FT-NMR分光計を用いて、70℃および90℃でVTユニットを使用してNMR実験を実行した。アルギン酸塩B試料の場合、90℃のみで値を得た。80℃パルスおよび5秒の緩和遅延を使用して、デカップラを使用しない定量的な1H NMRデータを収集した。内部基準としてナトリウム3-トリメチルシリルプロピオン酸-2,2,3,3,d4を使用した。化学シフトスケールは、溶媒ピークを基準とした。
本開示のいくつかの実施形態により準備された止血被覆材の様々な試料に関して、以下の試験を実行した。本明細書で開示される実施形態のうちいくつかと同様に、この実施例の被覆材はアルギン酸塩結合剤を有する。この実施例の目的は、任意の特定の実施形態で使用されるアルギン酸塩がGの多いアルギン酸塩なのかGの少ないアルギン酸塩なのか判断することであった。しかしながら、他の実施例、試験、または方法も、この判断または類似の判断を行うために使用されてよい。この実験の前提は、いくつかの実施形態では、Gの多いアルギン酸塩は、一般に、生理食塩水への溶解が、Gの少ないアルギン酸塩を有するいくつかの実施形態よりも少なく、したがって、Gの多い被覆材は、一般に、生理食塩水に浸した後で、Gの少ない被覆材よりも重い乾燥重量を示す。したがって、以下のステップを各試料に適用した。
(1)各被覆材の試料を被覆材から切断した。
(2)水分を実質的に蒸発させるため、試料を約90℃で約10分乾燥させた。
(3)乾燥の直後に(被覆材が周囲の水分を吸収することができる前に)試料を計量した。
(4)12ミリリットルの生理食塩水を含む管に各試料を24時間浸した。浸漬中、24時間の期間内に各管を3回激しく振盪した。
(5)次に、試料を管から取り出し、緩く圧搾して、余分な生理食塩水を管に戻した。
(6)試料を約90℃で30分乾燥させた。
(7)乾燥処理の後、各試料を再度計量した。
本開示のいくつかの実施形態により製造された止血デバイスの3つの試料を元素分析にかけた。アルギン酸塩などの架橋結合剤を使用して、3つの試験試料のうち2つを生成し、第3の試料は、対照として作用するようにアルギン酸塩を含まなかった。各試料で異なるアルギン酸塩を使用したにもかかわらず、各アルギン酸塩はGの多いアルギン酸塩であった。この実験では、カルシウムおよびナトリウムのそれぞれの量を各試料について決定した。
止血材料(たとえばカオリン)および結合剤(たとえば、アルギン酸カルシウムなどの架橋結合剤)を有する止血ガーゼの様々な試料を、本明細書で説明する方法のうちいくつかを使用して生成した。本開示のいくつかの実施形態と同様に、この実験で使用されるアルギン酸塩は、Gの少ないアルギン酸塩である。様々な成分の濃度および乾燥時間を独立して変化させて、以下に示す各試料を生成した。次に、試料を視覚濁度試験および凝固時間試験にかけた。以下の表は、これらの試験から集めたデータを含む。本開示のいくつかの実施形態と同様に、この実験で使用されるアルギン酸塩は、Gの少ないアルギン酸塩である。したがって、以下の表は、より少ないG含量を有するアルギン酸塩を使用する利点のうち少なくともいくつかを示す。しかしながら、Gの少ないアルギン酸塩を使用することによって、他の利点も達成されることがあり、利点は、この実験の結果から容易に明らかにならない。
2 試料
3 試料
100 止血デバイス
120 創傷
200A 止血ガーゼ
200B ガーゼ
300 止血デバイス
300A ガーゼ、止血デバイス
300B ガーゼ、止血デバイス
300C 止血デバイス
320 止血材料、止血剤
340 下地、繊維、表面繊維
360 結合剤
400 包帯
420 吸収性下地、吸収可能下地
440 可撓性下地
460 穴
500 スポンジ
500A スポンジ
500B スポンジ
500C スポンジ
510 下地
520 剥離剤
530 不織繊維、基材
540 剥離剤、止血材料
550 結合剤
560 空隙空間
570 止血材料
580 剥離剤
600 スポンジ下地、下地、スポンジ
610 スラリー
620 ローラ
630 止血粒子
Claims (31)
- 下地と、
前記下地の少なくとも一方の面に配置された止血粘土材料と、
前記止血粘土材料を前記下地上に固定するように構成されたグルロン酸の多い(Gの多い)架橋アルギン酸カルシウム結合剤と
を備える止血デバイスであって、
前記止血デバイスに乾燥処理が施されており、
前記結合剤は、血液に曝されたときに前記下地の上に前記止血粘土材料を実質的に保持する効果を有し、
出血を治療するときに、デバイスを適用することによって、血液を前記下地内へと吸収させて、前記止血粘土材料の少なくとも一部分を血液と直接接触させることで、凝固を加速させるのを補助することができるように構成されており、
前記Gの多い架橋アルギン酸カルシウム結合剤が、マンヌロン酸に対してグルロン酸の比率が少なくとも50パーセントであるアルギン酸を含む、止血デバイス。 - 前記下地が、ガーゼ材料、織布材料、スポンジ、スポンジ基材、または発泡ポリマーのうち少なくとも1つを備える、請求項1に記載の止血デバイス。
- 抗生物質、抗真菌剤、抗菌剤、抗炎症剤、鎮痛剤、抗ヒスタミン剤、銀イオンまたは銅イオンを含有する化合物、および前述の組成物の組み合わせからなる群から選択される薬学的に活性な組成物をさらに備える、請求項1又は2に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記下地が、綿、絹、ウール、プラスチック、セルロース、レーヨン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレンフォーム、ポリ(2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート)(「PHEMA」)フォーム、ポリアクリル酸フォーム、低密度ポリエーテル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸メチルメタクリレート、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、または前述のものの組み合わせからなる群から選択される材料を含む、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記下地が可撓性であることで、前記下地を出血している創傷の形状に形成して前記出血している創傷の形状に保持することができる、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記止血デバイス上に配置された剥離剤をさらに備える、請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤が剥離剤としても働く、請求項1から6の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤が噴霧プロセスによって前記下地に適用される、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤および前記止血粘土材料が噴霧プロセスによって前記下地に適用される、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤が、前記結合剤を含む液体に前記下地を浸漬することによって前記下地に適用される、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤および前記止血粘土材料が、前記結合剤および前記止血粘土材料を含む液体に前記下地を浸漬することによって前記下地に適用される、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 止血デバイスを作製する方法であって、
グルロン酸の多い(Gの多い)アルギン酸塩の溶液を用意するステップと、
前記溶液に止血粘土材料を添加するステップと、
前記止血粘土材料を含む前記溶液を下地に適用するステップと、
前記Gの多いアルギン酸塩を架橋剤を使用してGの多い架橋アルギン酸結合剤を提供するために架橋するステップと、
前記下地に乾燥処理を施すステップと、
を含み、
前記結合剤が、生理食塩水および水の中に浸漬されたときに前記下地の上に前記止血粘土材料を固定する効果を有し、
前記デバイスが、出血を治療するときに、前記デバイスを適用することによって、血液を前記下地内へと吸収させて、前記止血粘土材料の少なくとも一部分を血液と直接接触させることで、凝固を加速させるのを補助することができるように構成されており、
前記Gの多い架橋アルギン酸結合剤が、マンヌロン酸に対してグルロン酸の比率が少なくとも50パーセントであるアルギン酸を含む、方法。 - 抗生物質、抗真菌剤、抗菌剤、抗炎症剤、鎮痛剤、抗ヒスタミン剤、銀イオンまたは銅イオンを含有する化合物、および前述の組成物の組み合わせからなる群から選択される薬学的に活性な組成物を用意するステップをさらに含む、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記下地が、綿、絹、ウール、プラスチック、セルロース、レーヨン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレンフォーム、ポリ(2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート)(「PHEMA」)フォーム、ポリアクリル酸フォーム、低密度ポリエーテル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸メチルメタクリレート、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、および前述のものの組み合わせからなる群から選択された材料から製作されたガーゼ下地である、請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- 前記下地が可撓性であることで、前記下地を出血している創傷の形状に形成して前記出血している創傷の形状に保持することができる、請求項12から14の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記止血デバイス上に剥離剤を配置するステップをさらに含む、請求項12から15の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記剥離剤が、架橋アルギン酸カルシウム、ポリビニルアルコール、グリセロール、シリコーン、カルボキシメチルセルロース、キトサン、ヒアルロナン、酸可溶性コラーゲン、およびゼラチンからなる群から選択される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- スポンジ基材と、
止血粘土材料と、
血液存在下で前記止血粘土材料を前記スポンジに固定するように構成されたグルロン酸の多い(Gの多い)架橋アルギン酸カルシウム結合剤と
を備える止血デバイスであって、
出血を治療するときに、デバイスを適用することによって、血液を前記スポンジ基材内へと吸い込ませ、前記止血粘土材料の少なくとも一部分を血液と直接接触させることで、凝固を加速させるのを補助することができるように構成されており、
前記Gの多い架橋アルギン酸カルシウム結合剤が、マンヌロン酸に対してグルロン酸の比率が少なくとも50パーセントであるアルギン酸を含む、止血デバイス。 - 前記スポンジ基材が発泡ポリマーを含む、請求項18に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記発泡ポリマーが、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレンフォーム、ポリ(2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート)(「PHEMA」)フォーム、ポリアクリル酸フォーム、低密度ポリエーテル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸メチルメタクリレート、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、または前述のものの組み合わせからなる群から選択される材料を含む、請求項19に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記止血粘土材料がカオリナイトを含む、請求項18から20の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記止血粘土材料が、アタパルジャイト、ベントナイト、カオリン、カオリナイト、および前述の材料の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項18から21の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 抗生物質、抗真菌剤、抗菌剤、抗炎症剤、鎮痛剤、抗ヒスタミン剤、銀イオンまたは銅イオンを含有する化合物、および前述の組成物の組み合わせからなる群から選択される薬学的に活性な組成物をさらに備える、請求項18から22の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記スポンジが、前記スポンジが前記出血している創傷の形状を形成し、前記出血している創傷の形状を保持することを可能にするほど可撓性が高い、請求項18から23の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記止血デバイス上に配置された剥離剤をさらに備える、請求項18から24の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤が剥離剤としても働く、請求項18から25の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤が噴霧プロセスによって前記スポンジに適用される、請求項18から26の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤および前記止血粘土材料が噴霧プロセスによって前記スポンジに適用される、請求項18から26の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤が、前記結合剤を含む液体に前記スポンジを浸漬することによって前記下地に適用される、請求項18から26の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記結合剤および前記止血粘土材料が、前記結合剤および前記止血粘土材料を含む液体に前記スポンジを浸漬することによって前記スポンジに適用される、請求項18から26の何れか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
- 前記適用のプロセス中に前記スポンジの少なくとも一部分を圧縮することをさらに含む、請求項27から30のいずれか一項に記載の止血デバイス。
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