JP4646490B2 - ポリマー−無機粒子複合物 - Google Patents
ポリマー−無機粒子複合物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4646490B2 JP4646490B2 JP2002559244A JP2002559244A JP4646490B2 JP 4646490 B2 JP4646490 B2 JP 4646490B2 JP 2002559244 A JP2002559244 A JP 2002559244A JP 2002559244 A JP2002559244 A JP 2002559244A JP 4646490 B2 JP4646490 B2 JP 4646490B2
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Description
ここで記載したポリマー−無機粒子複合物は、好ましくはリンカー化合物を介して、ポリマーに結合した無機粒子を含む。リンカー化合物は多機能な化合物であり、例えば、無機粒子およびポリマーの両方に化学結合する二官能性化合物である。ポリマーとリンカーとの間の化学結合は、一般に、電子対共有である。リンカーと無機粒子表面との間の化学結合は、一般に、無機複合物中の他の原子の可能な関与を伴った、官能基と金属原子との結合に関係している。リンカーがポリマーおよび無機粒子の両方に結合した後、リンカー化合物をポリマーと連結させる結果物としての官能基と、リンカー化合物を無機粒子と連結させる第2の結果物としての官能基とに関係して結合が形成される。結果物または生成物としての官能基は、初期のリンカー官能基に関係した反応の反応生成物である。こうしてリンカーの初期存在は、ポリマーと無機粒子との間の結合における結果物としての複数の官能基の存在によって、結果物としての複合物の中で同定できる。初期のリンカー化合物の官能基の特性は、結果物としての官能基の特性に基づいて、最終的な複合物で唯一のものとして同定可能であったり、そうでないかもしれない。2つ以上の官能基は、結合において見出すことができ、例えば、複数のリンカー分子が関係している場合、リンカーが2つ以上の官能基を含む場合、あるいはポリマー側鎖が初期に1つ以上の官能基を含む場合である。
一般に、いずれの妥当な無機粒子は、複合物を形成するために使用できる。好ましい実施形態において、粒子は、たった約1ミクロン程度の平均直径を有する。好ましい応用について、粒子の組成は、複合物に所望の特性を付与するように選択される。特に、高い粒子添加量を有する複合物について、無機粒子は複合物の全体的特性に大きく寄与する。例えば光学材料の形成において、ポリマーおよび無機粒子の両方の光学特性が重要になる。複合物材料の屈折率は、おおまかに無機粒子およびポリマーの屈折率の体積比に基づいたリニアな組合せになると考えられる。
複合物を形成するためは、一般に、無機粒子が液体中に分散され、ポリマー/モノマー成分とリンカーとが組み合される。粒子分散の形成は、一般に、プロセスの独特な工程である。好ましくは、ナノ粒子の集まりは、ポリマー複合物中への均一な導入のために充分に分散される。液相の粒子分散は、所望の複合物構造の形成に使用可能な小さい二次粒子の供給源を提供する。
リンカー化合物およびポリマー/モノマー成分は、粒子分散を伴う液体に対して同時にまたは逐次的に添加できる。種々の構成成分を組合せる順序は、所望の結果物が得られるように選択できる。液体内の状態は、リンカーとの結合形成およびポリマー/モノマー成分に関係して生じ得る他の結合形成にとって好適であることが好ましい。いったん複合物が形成されると、複合物からなる構造を残留させるように、液体は除去または凝固することができる。
ポリマー/無機粒子の複合物形成に続いて、複合物は更なるプロセスにさらすことができる。ここで簡便さのため、複合物は、溶液、分散、コーティングまたは固体の形態のいずれかにおける結合した無機粒子−リンカー−ポリマー/モノマー構造とする。例えば、複合物を含有する溶液/分散の、例えば濃度や溶媒組成などの特性は、複合物の保存及び/又は利便性のための更なるプロセスを促進するように変更できる。好ましい実施形態において、複合物は、後述するように、続いて特定の構造または複合物の特性を利用するデバイスの中に組み込まれる。局所化したデバイスへの形成を容易にするため、ポリマーは、局所化した構造への複合物の自己集合を支援する自己組織化(self-organization)特性用に選択できる。自己集合した構造は、複合物内でのポリマーの一方または他方の相に対して隔離した粒子を有する自己集合により形成可能であり、そこでは異なるポリマー相が自己組織化によって識別可能である。
ポリマー/無機粒子の複合物材料は、極めて広範囲の材料を組み込んだデバイスの効率的な形成にとって好適である。複合物は、好ましくは、上述した1つまたはそれ以上の種々の極めて均一なナノ粒子を組み込むことができる。特定複合物を特定デバイスへ選択的に組み込むことは、複合物の選択によって、デバイスのための所望の機能を確立できる。
ルチルTiO2、アナターゼTiO2、および酸素欠乏ブルーTiO2の粒子が、レーザ熱分解によって生成された。反応は、図14〜図16に示すチャンバと同等なチャンバの中で実行した。
本例は、実施例1で説明したように、レーザ熱分解によって生成したチタン酸化物のナノ粒子について充分に分散した希釈溶液の形成に関する説明を提供する。
3つのタイプのTiO2粒子の表面処理は、シリル化(silylation)試薬として、アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(aminopropyl triethoxy silane)(APTES)を用いて行った。APTESは、下記の反応によって粒子と結合すると考えられる。
粒子−Ti−O−Si(OCH2CH3)2CH2CH2CH2NH2
シラン系リンカーを伴うポリ(アクリル酸)およびTiO2−3パウダーを有する複合物の形成は、本実施例で説明する。実施例3で説明した充分に懸濁したAPTESコート付きTiO2−3粒子は、これらの研究に使用した。
ポリマー−CONH−…Si−O−Ti−粒子
実施例4で説明した、シリル化で機能付与したTiO2粒子およびPAAで形成した複合物は、ポリエチレングリコールでさらに混合して、得られた構造を検査した。
本実施例は、チタン酸化物/ナイロン複合物の形成に関係する。これらの複合物は、シリル化したチタン酸化物粒子を6−アミノカプロン(amino-caproic)酸と反応させることによって形成した。本実施例は、有機種の重合化と同時に複合物の形成を説明する。
本実施例は、モノマーユニットで形成した複合物の形成を説明する。この場合、モノマー自体は重合化されない。モノマーは、機能付与されたTiO2粒子と相互作用して、ポリマーを形成し、粒子自体は全体のポリマー構造内でスター結合を形成する。
Claims (9)
- 無機粒子と化学的に結合した側鎖基を有するポリマーを含む複合組成物であって、
無機粒子は、2nmから500nmの平均一次粒子直径を有し、
側鎖基は、カーボネート基、ウレタン基、無水物基、スルフィド基、ジスルフィド基、ヒドロカルビル基、ホスホネート基、またはこれらの組合せを含み、
無機粒子は、金属酸化物、金属硫化物、金属窒化物または元素金属を含む複合組成物。 - 無機粒子、および無機粒子と化学的に結合したポリマーを含む複合組成物であって、
無機粒子は、元素金属を含み、
無機粒子は、2nmから500nmの平均一次粒子直径を有し、
無機粒子との化学結合が無機粒子とチオール基、カルボキシル基、アミン基、または水酸化物基との結合から形成されている複合組成物。 - ポリマーと、金属/半金属の窒化物を含む無機粒子の集団とを含む複合組成物であって、
該粒子は、水酸化物基、アミン基を含む化学的結合を介して化学的に結合しており、該結合は、ポリマーと化学的に結合しており、
無機粒子は、2nmから500nmの平均一次粒子直径を有する複合組成物。 - ブロックコポリマーと化学的に結合した無機粒子を含む複合組成物であって、
無機粒子は、2nmから500nmの平均一次粒子直径を有し、
無機粒子は、金属酸化物、金属硫化物、金属窒化物または元素金属を含み、
無機粒子との化学結合が無機粒子とアルコキシシラン基、チオール基、カルボキシル基、アミン基、または水酸化物基との結合から形成されている複合組成物。 - 無機粒子の平均一次粒子サイズは、5nmから100nmの範囲である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の複合組成物。
- 複合物構造全体によく分散した、安定に統合した無機粒子を含む請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の複合組成物。
- 表面と、
表面上の境界内で局所化している請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の複合組成物とを備える構造。 - 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の複合組成物を備える光学デバイス。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の複合組成物を備える電気デバイス。
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US20030207129A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
EP1383646B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
KR20030077592A (ko) | 2003-10-01 |
US6881490B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 |
EP1383646A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
US9199435B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
CN1503728A (zh) | 2004-06-09 |
US20130190438A9 (en) | 2013-07-25 |
JP5189068B2 (ja) | 2013-04-24 |
US8515232B2 (en) | 2013-08-20 |
JP2010100061A (ja) | 2010-05-06 |
US20130012636A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
CN1503728B (zh) | 2013-11-20 |
CN103554516B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
CA2435880A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
JP2004524396A (ja) | 2004-08-12 |
US6599631B2 (en) | 2003-07-29 |
EP1383646A4 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
US7792406B2 (en) | 2010-09-07 |
WO2002058928A1 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
CN103554516A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
US20100314588A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US20050170192A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
WO2002058928A9 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
US20020192476A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
EP2366736A1 (en) | 2011-09-21 |
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