ES2583782T3 - Composición farmacéutica que comprende desPro36Exendina-4(1-39)-Lys6-NH2 para uso en el tratamiento de una enfermedad neurodegenerativa - Google Patents
Composición farmacéutica que comprende desPro36Exendina-4(1-39)-Lys6-NH2 para uso en el tratamiento de una enfermedad neurodegenerativa Download PDFInfo
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- ES2583782T3 ES2583782T3 ES12755853.4T ES12755853T ES2583782T3 ES 2583782 T3 ES2583782 T3 ES 2583782T3 ES 12755853 T ES12755853 T ES 12755853T ES 2583782 T3 ES2583782 T3 ES 2583782T3
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Abstract
Una composición farmacéutica para uso en la prevención o/y el tratamiento de una enfermedad neurodegenerativa, comprendiendo la composición desPro36Exendina-4(1-39)-Lys6-NH2 o/y una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma, y opcionalmente un vehículo, adyuvante o/y sustancia auxiliar farmacéuticamente aceptable.
Description
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Microscopia
Las secciones se analizaron usando un microscopio Olympus CX 40, usando técnicas estereológicas. Esto implica comenzar a seccionar aleatoriamente y recoger cada 5ª sección a través de la capa celular granular (GCL) del giro dentado (DG). El análisis se realizó usando un objetivo x40 y se tomaron imágenes representativas usando una cámara digital de 5,1 MPix. Para cada grupo de fármaco se analizaron 4-6 cerebros de ratón. Se tomaron entre 8 y 12 secciones por cada cerebro. Las regiones del cerebro analizadas oscilaron entre -1,3 y -2,5 mm del bregma. Todas las células positivas en el DG se contaron usando el software ImageJ (software gratuito de NIH, http://rsbweb.nih.govl/ij/). En el GCL, se contaron las células positivas para BrdU o DCX.
Línea celular SH-SY5Y
SH-SY5Y es una línea celular de neuroblastoma humano clonada tres veces que fue establecida en 1970 a partir de una biopsia de médula ósea de un sitio de neuroblastoma metastásico en una niña de cuatro años. Estas células son dopamina beta hidroxilasa activas, acetilcolinérgicas, glutamatérgicas y adenosinérgicas. Las células SH-SY5Y se desarrollan como una mezcla de células flotantes y adherentes, además de formar racimos de células neuroblásticas con múltiples procesos celulares finos y cortos. El tratamiento con ácido retinoico y colesterol puede forzar a estas células a desarrollar dendritas y a diferenciarse.
Pretratamiento de células SH-SY5Y con lixisenatida o liraglutida seguido de estrés por metilglioxal
Se cultivaron células SH-SY5Y en medio esencial mínimo de Dulbecco con F12 (1:1) y Glutamax enriquecido con suero bovino fetal inactivado con calor al 10 % (calentado a 56 ºC durante 20 min) y penicilina y estreptomicina, y se incubaron en una estufa de incubación humidificada, 5% de CO2, 37 ºC. Las células se tripsinaron al 80 % de confluencia y después de contar las células por el método de exclusión con azul de tripano (Countess, Invitrogen), 2 x 104 células se dispusieron en una placa de 96 pocillos recubierta con laminina (Nunc, Inc) al 95 % de viabilidad celular. Después de 12 horas de fijación celular, las células se pretrataron con lixisenatida o liraglutida a diferentes dosis como a 10 nM, 100 nM y 200 nM, seguido de la adición del agente estresante metilglioxal en el medio libre de suero a concentraciones de 300 µM, 600 µM (y 1200 µM (Figuras 6A y 6B). Los datos se analizaron con PRISM 5.0C (GraphPad Software, Inc.) y se definió la significación como valores p de <0,05 o más pequeños.
Efecto del pretratamiento de lixisenatida o liraglutida sobre células SH-SY5Y estresadas con peróxido de hidrógeno
Las células se pretrataron con liraglutida o lixisenatida 10 nM y 100 nM, seguido de la adición del agente estresante peróxido de hidrógeno en el medio libre de suero a concentraciones de 200 µM, 400 µM y 800 µM.
Ensayo de LDH
Se analizaron los medios de cultivo celular usando un ensayo de lactato-deshidrogenasa (LDH) sensible (de Sigma). El ensayo de LDH proporciona una medición del número de células muertas mediante LDH citoplásmica total o por integridad de la membrana como una función de la cantidad de LDH citoplásmica liberada en el medio. La medición de LDH liberada se basa en la reducción de NAD por la acción de LDH. La NAD reducida resultante (NADH) se usa en la conversión estequiométrica de un tinte de tetrazolio. El compuesto coloreado final se mide por colorimetría.
Sumario
Los datos del presente ejemplo demuestran que la lixisenatida es adecuada para el tratamiento o/y la prevención de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, tales como la enfermedad de Alzheimer, enfermedad de Parkinson, parálisis supranuclear progresiva, atrofia multisistémica, demencia de cuerpos de Lewy, demencia por enfermedad de Parkinson o accidente cerebrovascular. Asimismo, la lixisenatida tiene propiedades superiores en comparación con el análogo de GLP-1 liraglutida y con exendina-4, ambas actualmente usadas como tratamientos para la diabetes de tipo 2.
En particular, los datos del presente ejemplo demuestran que
- (a)
- Sorprendentemente, la lixisenatida puede atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica. Los datos de la presente invención indican que el transporte es regulado, ya que la velocidad de transporte a altas concentraciones se limita a un nivel máximo. Además, la lixisenatida se absorbe en el cerebro con una dosis parenteral más baja en comparación con la liraglutida.
- (b)
- La lixisenatida activa los receptores de GLP-1 en el cerebro e induce la producción de cAMP. Sorprendentemente, la lixisenatida produce niveles más altos de cAMP que la liraglutida, demostrando eficacia superior en la activación del receptor de GLP-1 a la misma dosis.
- (c)
- La lixisenatida puede inducir la proliferación de células progenitoras en el giro dentado. En comparación con la exendina-4 o con la liraglutida, la lixisenatida proporciona sorprendentemente efectos potenciados cuando se administra a la misma dosis. En enfermedades neurodegenerativas, estos efectos pueden constituir un efecto modificador de la enfermedad.
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- (d)
- Sorprendentemente, la lixisenatida demostró efectos neuroprotectores superiores (contra el estrés celular) en el giro dentado cuando se compara con la liraglutida.
- (e)
- Sorprendentemente, un pretratamiento con una dosis de lixisenatida 10 nM fue suficiente para proteger las células de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y del estrés por metilglioxal 1200 µM. Fue necesaria una dosis de 200
5 nM de liraglutida para proteger a las células del estrés por metilglioxal 1200 µM, indicando que una dosis inferior de lixisenatida es suficiente para inducir la protección.
Ejemplo 2
Tratamiento post-estrés con lixisenatida o liraglutida después del tratamiento con metilglioxal (MG) y peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2)
10 Se sembraron células SHSY-5Y en placas de 96 pocillos y después de 12 horas de privación de suero, se estresaron con 600 µM y 1 mM de H2O2 y 1 mM y 2 mM de MG durante 3 h. Las células se trataron con 0, 1, 10, 50 y 100 nM de lixisenatida y 0, 10, 50, 100 y 200 nM de liraglutida. Después de 24 h se añadieron 50 µl de reactivo XTT y se incubó durante 8 h. El volumen de ensayo fue 100 µl.
La Figura 7 demuestra que el post-tratamiento con lixisenatida aumentó significativamente el número de células
15 supervivientes después del estrés con MG o H2O2 en un modo dependiente de la dosis (véanse en particular los datos obtenidos con H2O2 600 µM y MG 2 mM en la Figura 7A). La liraglutida no protegió a las células del estrés por MG o H2O2 (Figura 7B).
Pretratamiento con lixisenatida o liraglutida seguido de estrés por metilglioxal (MG)
Se sembraron células SHSY-5Y en placas de 96 pocillos y después de 12 horas de privación de suero se trataron
20 con 0, 1, 10, 50 y 100 nM de lixisenatida y 0, 10, 50, 100 y 200 nM de liraglutida y exendina-4 durante 4 horas, después de someterse a estrés con 400 µM y 600 µM de MG durante 14 h. Se añadieron 50 µl de reactivo XTT y las placas se incubaron durante 8 h.
La Figura 8 demuestra que el pretratamiento con lixisenatida antes del estrés con MG o H2O2 aumentó significativamente el número de células supervivientes en un modo dependiente de la dosis, comenzando con la
25 dosis más baja de 1 nM con los mejores resultados a 50 nM (Figura 8A). La liraglutida también protegió a las células, pero solamente en una dosis superior de 100 nM (Figura 8B). La exendina-4 no protegió a las células del estrés por MG o H2O2 (Figura 8C).
Material y métodos
Ensayo de pretratamiento con células SHSY-5Y usando metilglioxal como agente estresante
30 1. Se mantuvieron células SHSY-5Y en medio DMEM+F12 Glutamax (Cat No. 313310, Invitrogen Inc.) con FBS al 10 % (Cat No. 10437, Invitrogen Inc.) y pen-estrep al 1 % (Cat No. 15070063, Invitrogen Inc.).
2. Se tripsinaron cultivos con 80-90 % de confluencia usando disolución de 0,25x tripsina EDTA, y se sembraron en placas de 96 pocillos (Cat No. 55301, Orange Scientific) que previamente se recubrieron con laminina (L2020, Sigma) a una concentración de 1 µg/cm2 durante 2 horas a 37 ºC en una estufa de
35 incubación de CO2 y se lavaron 2 veces con agua destilada estéril doble.
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- Después de 12-15 horas, el medio se cambió de FBS al 10 % a medio libre de suero (SFM) durante las siguientes 12 horas.
- 4.
- Las células se pretrataron con incretinas durante 4 horas, el ensayo se realizó en un formato de 150 µl de
volumen de diferentes concentraciones y se añadió SFM nuevo a los controles respectivamente, durante 4 40 h.
- 5.
- Los pocillos se lavaron con 1x HBSS y 150 µl de metilglioxal 600 µM (Cat No. M0252, Sigma) y se añadió SFM a los pocillos de ensayo y a los controles respectivamente durante 12 h.
- 6.
- Se recogió el sobrenadante para realizar el ensayo LDH y se guardó a -20 ºC.
- 7.
- Se añadieron 75 µl de disolución XTT (Cat No. 11465015001, Roche Inc.) (que contenía el reactivo de
45 acoplamiento) al resto de las células y se incubó a 37 ºC durante 4 horas. El ensayo se basó en la capacidad de las células activas metabólicas de reducir de la sal de tetrazolio XTT a compuestos coloreados, que pueden determinarse por medición de la absorbancia. Un aumento en la absorbancia indica un aumento en el número de células activas metabólicas.
8. La absorbancia se obtuvo midiendo a 492 nm y 690 nm para cada pocillo y restando A690 de A492.
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con diversas concentraciones de lixisenatida, exenatida (exendina-4) o liraglutida 1 hora antes del tratamiento con rotenona (0,75 µM). La neuroprotección se midió después de 72 h con un ensayo basado en resazurina, un indicador de células metabólicamente activas, generando un producto fluorescente a través de la oxidaciónreducción celular. La fluorescencia producida es proporcional al número de células viables en los cultivos y, por lo tanto, mide el grado de protección de las células LUHMES neuronales proporcionadas por los tratamientos. Se compararon los datos de n=12 mediciones tras la normalización de las lecturas de viabilidad celular con respecto a los controles sin rotenona. Se usó un análisis unilateral de la varianza, seguido de una prueba de Dunnett para comparaciones estadísticas entre grupos experimentales. Los valores de p<0,05 se consideraron significativos y se indican en los gráficos con asteriscos de la siguiente manera: *=p<0,05; **=p<0,01; ***=p<0,001; NS=no significativo. La neuroprotección se expresó como la inversa del porcentaje de disminución de la viabilidad inducida por rotenona.
Sumario
Los datos del ejemplo 3 demuestran que la lixisenatida es adecuada para el tratamiento o/y la prevención de enfermedades neurodegenerativas, tales como la enfermedad de Parkinson, parálisis supranuclear progresiva (PSP), atrofia multisistémica (MSA), demencia de cuerpos de Lewy, demencia por enfermedad de Parkinson o accidente cerebrovascular. Asimismo, la lixisenatida tiene propiedades superiores en comparación con el análogo de GLP-1 liraglutida y con exendina-4.
En el presente Ejemplo, la lixisenatida presenta efectos neuroprotectores significativos en células LUHMES contra la neurodegeneración inducida por rotenona (Figura 9). La lixisenatida proporciona ventajas en comparación con otros agonistas de los receptores de GLP-1 (GLP-1R). En células LUHMES tratadas con rotenona, la lixisenatida es significativamente activa a concentraciones 3 veces inferiores a las de la liraglutida. A una concentración de 0,3 µM
o 1 µM de exenatida, no pudo observarse ningún efecto significativo. Por el contrario, la lixisenatida proporciona una mejora de la viabilidad dependiente de la dosis a estas concentraciones.
Ejemplo 4: El efecto de la lixisenatida en ratones transgénicos APPswe/PS1ΔE9.
Para demostrar adicionalmente el interés de la lixisenatida para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas tales como enfermedad de Alzheimer, en el presente ejemplo, se describe el efecto del tratamiento con lixisenatida en ratones transgénicos que portan placas amiloides en su cerebro. Los ratones transgénicos APPswe/PS1ΔE9 son un modelo bien caracterizado de enfermedad de Alzheimer que muestran una patología de cerebro amiloide. El tratamiento con lixisenatida (10 nmol/kg, i.p., diario) se inició en ratones transgénicos APP/PS1 de 7 meses de edad, a una edad a la que ya se han desarrollado placas amiloides en el cerebro, y duró 70 días.
Animales transgénicos
Se obtuvieron ratones APPswe/PS1ΔE9 con un fondo de C57BI/6 del laboratorio Jackson (http://research.jax.org/repository/alzheimers.html). Se cruzaron machos heterocigóticos con hembras no mutantes C57/BI6 adquiridas localmente (Harlan, RU). Se punzó la oreja de las crías y se definió su genotipo usando PCR con cebadores específicos para la secuencia de APP (Directo “GAATTCCGACATGACTCAGG, SEC ID NO: 4”, Inverso: “GTTCTGCTGCATCTTGGACA, SEC ID NO: 5”). Los ratones que no expresaban el transgén se usaron como controles no mutantes. Se usaron machos en todos los estudios. Los animales se dispusieron en jaulas individualmente y se mantuvieron en un ciclo de luz/oscuridad de 12/12 horas (luces encendidas a las 08h00, apagadas a las 20h00), en sala de temperatura controlada (T: 21,5 ºC ± 1). El alimento y el agua estuvieron disponibles a voluntad. Los animales fueron manipulados diariamente durante dos semanas antes del comienzo del estudio.
Tratamiento con lixisenatida
Los ratones tenían 7 meses de edad cuando comenzó el tratamiento. En ese momento, los ratones ya presentaban patología de cerebro amiloide. Los ratones recibieron una inyección intraperitoneal (i.p.) una vez al día de lixisenatida (10 nmol/kg de peso corporal) o solución salina (0,9 % p/v) durante 70 días. Los experimentos fueron autorizados por el Ministerio del Interior del RU de acuerdo con la Ley de Animales (procedimientos científicos) de 1986.
La lixisenatida fue suministrada por Sanofi. Se reconstituyó el péptido liofilizado en agua Milli-Q a una concentración de 1 mg/ml. Las alícuotas se guardaron en el congelador y se reconstituyeron en solución salina al 0,9 % para inyección.
Preparación histológica
Los animales fueron perfundidos transcardíacamente con tampón PBS, seguido de paraformaldehído al 4 % enfriado con hielo en PBS. Se extrajeron los cerebros y se fijaron en paraformaldehído al 4 % durante al menos 24 h antes de transferirse a disolución al 30 % de sacarosa durante la noche. Los cerebros se congelaron luego inmediatamente usando Envirofreez™ y se cortaron secciones coronales de 40 micrómetros de espesor a una profundidad de -2 a -3 del bregma usando un crióstato de Leica. Las secciones se eligieron según las reglas estereológicas tomándose la primera sección aleatoriamente y después cada 6ª sección.
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