EP3112176B1 - Beschichtungseinrichtung und zugehöriges beschichtungsverfahren - Google Patents

Beschichtungseinrichtung und zugehöriges beschichtungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3112176B1
EP3112176B1 EP16001687.9A EP16001687A EP3112176B1 EP 3112176 B1 EP3112176 B1 EP 3112176B1 EP 16001687 A EP16001687 A EP 16001687A EP 3112176 B1 EP3112176 B1 EP 3112176B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating agent
coating
print head
nozzles
accordance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16001687.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3112176A1 (de
Inventor
Frank Herre
Hans-Georg Fritz
Steffen Wesselky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr Systems AG
Original Assignee
Duerr Systems AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B41J3/4073—Printing on three-dimensional objects not being in sheet or web form, e.g. spherical or cubic objects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B05C11/1005—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material already applied to the surface, e.g. coating thickness, weight or pattern
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B05C11/1015—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to a conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature ; responsive to position or movement of the coating head relative to the target
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1002—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves
    • B05C11/1015—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to a conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature ; responsive to position or movement of the coating head relative to the target
    • B05C11/1018—Means for controlling supply, i.e. flow or pressure, of liquid or other fluent material to the applying apparatus, e.g. valves responsive to a conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature ; responsive to position or movement of the coating head relative to the target responsive to distance of target
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1036—Means for supplying a selected one of a plurality of liquids or other fluent materials, or several in selected proportions, to the applying apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1044—Apparatus or installations for supplying liquid or other fluent material to several applying apparatus or several dispensing outlets, e.g. to several extrusion nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C5/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work
    • B05C5/02—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is projected, poured or allowed to flow on to the surface of the work the liquid or other fluent material being discharged through an outlet orifice by pressure, e.g. from an outlet device in contact or almost in contact, with the work
    • B05C5/027—Coating heads with several outlets, e.g. aligned transversally to the moving direction of a web to be coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
    • B41J3/407—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for marking on special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
    • B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
    • B05B12/12—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus
    • B05B12/122—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to conditions of ambient medium or target, e.g. humidity, temperature position or movement of the target relative to the spray apparatus responsive to presence or shape of target
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0431—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved by robots or articulated arms, e.g. for applying liquid or other fluent material to 3D-surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0447—Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles
    • B05B13/0452—Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles the conveyed articles being vehicle bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
    • B05B14/40—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths
    • B05B14/43—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material for use in spray booths by filtering the air charged with excess material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coating device for coating, in particular painting, motor vehicle body components with a paint.
  • the invention also relates to a corresponding coating method.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view through a conventional painting installation for painting motor vehicle body components.
  • the motor vehicle body components to be painted are transported on a conveyor 1 at right angles to the plane of the drawing through a painting booth 2 in which the motor vehicle body components are then painted in a conventional manner by painting robots 3, 4.
  • the painting robots 3, 4 have several pivotable robot arms and each guide an application device, such as a rotary atomizer, an air atomizer or a so-called airless device, via a multi-axis robot hand axis.
  • a so-called plenum 5 is therefore located above the paint booth 2, from which air is introduced into the paint booth 2 through a ceiling 6 of the paint booth 2 downwards in the direction of the arrow.
  • the cabin air then comes with the overspray contained therein down from the painting booth 2 into a washout 7 located below the painting booth 2, in which the overspray is again removed from the booth air and bound to water.
  • the air speed in the painting booth 2 must be at least in the range of approx. 0.3-0.5 m / s in order to quickly remove the overspray produced during painting from the painting booth 2.
  • the overspray produced during painting can temporarily and locally create an explosive atmosphere, so that the relevant statutory ATEX product guidelines (ATEX: Atmosphere explosible) must be observed.
  • ATEX Atmosphere explosible
  • the known application devices because of their unsatisfactory application efficiency and the resulting overspray, the known application devices cause high investment costs for the required washing out and the necessary explosion protection.
  • the known application devices due to the overspray produced during operation, the known application devices are also associated with high operating costs due to paint losses and the disposal costs for disposing of the overspray.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a corresponding improvement. See also document EP2208541 .
  • DE 10 2004 044 655 A1 discloses a coating device for painting a curved surface, in particular an aircraft or an automobile, with a nozzle print head of the inkjet type, which is moved by a multi-axis robot along a predeterminable path over the surface to be painted.
  • a laser measurement system is provided that measures a relative position of the print head with respect to the surface and transmits the measured relative position to a control unit of the robot for corresponding readjustment of the distance.
  • the invention encompasses the general technical teaching of using an application device with such a high application efficiency that it is possible to dispense with washing out, in which the overspray is conventionally washed out of the cabin air.
  • one advantage of the coating device according to the invention is that a separate washout can be dispensed with.
  • the invention is not limited to painting systems that have no washout at all. Rather, through the use of application devices with a higher transfer efficiency, there is the possibility of a smaller dimensioning of the washout, if it is not possible to do without it completely.
  • the application device is preferably a print head of the type used in a similar form, for example, in inkjet printers.
  • it can be a bubble jet print head or a piezo print head act.
  • the invention is not limited to bubble jet print heads and piezo print heads, but can in principle also be implemented with other ejection mechanisms.
  • the print head ejects the coating agent pneumatically.
  • the individual droplets of coating agent can be ejected by short air pulses, which the drops of coating agent in the direction of the to be coated Accelerate component, whereby the painting distance can be increased.
  • the print head can either eject the coating agent in individual coating agent droplets or continuously.
  • the coating agent nozzles of the print head continuously eject the coating agent, whereas another part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head ejects the coating agent in individual coating agent droplets.
  • the print head is positioned by a multi-axis robot, the robot preferably having a plurality of pivotable robot arms and a multi-axis robot hand axis on which the print head is mounted.
  • the print head is attached to a machine which positions the print head so as to be movable relative to the component to be coated.
  • a machine can be a conventional roof machine or a side machine, which are known per se from the prior art and therefore do not need to be described in more detail.
  • the print head in the coating device according to the invention preferably has a significantly greater surface coating performance, which is preferably greater than 1 m 2 / min., 2 m 2 / min., 3 m 2 per minute or 4m 2 / min. is.
  • the print head in the coating device according to the invention must also be able to apply liquid lacquers that contain solid lacquer components, such as pigments and so-called metallic flakes (Mika's).
  • the individual coating agent nozzles of the print head are therefore preferably adapted in terms of their size to the solid paint components, so that the print head can also apply paints with the solid paint components.
  • the application device is preferably arranged in a painting booth in which the components are coated with the coating agent. Paint booths of this type are known from the prior art and therefore need not be described in more detail.
  • the pressure heads used as application devices within the scope of the invention have a significantly greater application efficiency than conventional application devices, such as rotary atomizers.
  • the washout located below the painting booth can therefore be dimensioned much smaller than in conventional painting systems with rotary atomizers as application devices.
  • the high transfer efficiency of the print heads used as application devices even enables a complete waiver of washing out or other costly filter measures, such as dry separation or the like below the paint booth.
  • simple filters that are replaced or cleaned cyclically (e.g. weekly, monthly, half-yearly or yearly).
  • the high transfer efficiency of the print heads used as application devices in the context of the invention makes it possible to dispense with explosion protection measures in accordance with the relevant statutory ATEX guidelines, since less overspray is generated and therefore no explosive atmosphere is created during operation. In one embodiment of the invention, therefore, no explosion protection is provided in the painting booth.
  • an air suction device which sucks the booth air out of the painting booth, the suction preferably taking place downwards.
  • the booth air is preferably sucked off through an air filter that filters the overspray from the booth air, whereby the air filter can be designed, for example, as a filter cover, which is arranged on the floor of the painting booth, so that the booth air is sucked down through the filter cover out of the painting booth becomes.
  • the air speed in the painting booth can be lower than in conventional painting systems that use, for example, rotary atomizers as application devices.
  • the air speed in the paint booth can therefore be less than 0.5 m / s, 0.4 m / s, 0.3 m / s, 0.2 m / s or 0.1 m / s.
  • At least one color changer is assigned to the print head, which is connected to the print head on the output side and is supplied with different coating agents on the input side, so that the color changer selects one of the coating agents and feeds the print head with the selected coating agent.
  • the color changer is preferably supplied with various coating agents in the basic colors of a color system (e.g. the CMYK color system) so that a desired color can be mixed together from the differently colored coating agents.
  • the color changer can be supplied with various effect paints on the input side, such as special paints, metallic paints or mica paints.
  • each coating agent nozzle of the print head is assigned a separate color changer, so that the coating agent to be applied can be selected individually for the individual coating agent nozzles.
  • the individual color changers can preferably be controlled independently of one another and individually in order to select the desired coating agent for the respective coating agent nozzles.
  • the color changer feeds a group of several coating agent nozzles with the same coating agent on the output side, the coating agent nozzles, for example, in one Row can be arranged, for example in a row or a column.
  • a color mixer is arranged upstream of the color changer on the input side, which is supplied on the input side with different colored coating agents in the basic colors of a color system (e.g. CMYK color system).
  • the color mixer can then mix a desired color tone from the various basic colors of the respective color system and feed it to the color changer for selection.
  • the color changer is preferably supplied with at least one effect paint, for example a mica paint, a metallic paint and / or a special paint.
  • the color changer can then either select the color tone mixed together by the color mixer or access one of the effect lacquers.
  • a group of adjacent coating agent nozzles is each supplied with a basic color of a color system.
  • four adjacent coating agent nozzles can be supplied with the basic colors cyan, magenta, yellow or black.
  • a further adjacent coating agent nozzle is then supplied with one of several effect paints by a color changer.
  • the coating agent nozzles for the basic colors and for the effect paint are here arranged spatially so closely adjacent in the print head that the ejected coating agents on the component to be coated mix to a desired color shade with a desired effect paint. In this exemplary embodiment, color mixing takes place on the component to be coated.
  • the coating agent nozzles in the print head can be arranged in rows, for example in rows and columns.
  • the coating agent nozzles are therefore preferably arranged in the form of a matrix in the print head.
  • a basic color e.g. cyan, magenta, yellow, black
  • a basic color e.g. cyan, magenta, yellow, black
  • the coating agent nozzles in a row apply the same color.
  • the coating agent nozzles within a row of nozzles alternately with the respective basic color (e.g. cyan, magenta, yellow, black) and with an effect paint.
  • the individual rows of nozzles are each supplied with the coating agent to be applied by a color changer, the color changers in each row of nozzles being supplied with a specific base color and with an effect paint.
  • the color changer of one row of nozzles can be supplied with a coating agent of the color cyan and a special varnish, while the color changer of the next row of nozzles is supplied with a coating agent of the color magenta and the special varnish.
  • the color changers in the next row of nozzles are then supplied with the colors yellow or black and the special color.
  • the color changers of the individual rows of nozzles are connected on the inlet side together with another color changer that selects one of several effect paints.
  • the color changers in the individual rows of nozzles can then either use the directly supplied basic color or access the special colors supplied indirectly via the additional color changer.
  • a group of coating agent nozzles is jointly supplied with a specific color tone via a color mixer, which is mixed together from the basic colors of a color system by the color mixer.
  • an adjacent further coating agent nozzle is supplied with another color changer that selects one of several effect paints.
  • the selected effect paint is mixed with the previously mixed color on the component to be coated.
  • some of the coating agent nozzles of the print head are jointly connected to a color mixer, which is supplied on the input side with the primary colors of a color system.
  • another part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head is connected here together with a special color supply.
  • the coating agent nozzles are preferably arranged in the form of a matrix in the print head in rows and columns. There is the possibility that the coating agent nozzles in the individual nozzle rows (rows or columns) are alternately connected to the paint mixer and the special paint supply.
  • part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head is connected to a first coating agent feed line, while a second part of the coating agent nozzles of the print head is connected to a second coating agent feed line so that the print head can apply two different coating agents.
  • the coating agent nozzles in the individual rows of nozzles are in this case alternately connected to one coating agent feed line or to the other coating agent feed line.
  • the pressure head has at least one separate coating agent nozzle, which only applies effect paint with effect particles contained therein.
  • the print head then preferably has at least one further coating agent nozzle that applies normal lacquer that does not contain any effect particles.
  • the various coating agent nozzles can then be adapted accordingly.
  • the effect particles e.g. metallic, mica, etc.
  • the effect particles are applied to the object with a separate coating agent nozzle. This means that effects can be applied to the object in a targeted manner and with local differences. Under certain circumstances, effects can also be created that are inconceivable today. With the new inkjet technology it is possible to add effect particles e.g. just to place on the surface of the layer.
  • the coating agent nozzles in the print head are preferably arranged in the form of a matrix in several rows and columns.
  • the individual coating agent nozzles of the print head are essentially the same size.
  • the adjacent rows of nozzles can be arranged offset from one another in the longitudinal direction, in particular by half a nozzle width, which enables a maximum packing density of the coating agent nozzles in the nozzle head.
  • the individual rows of nozzles are preferably aligned transversely, in particular at right angles to the direction of advance of the nozzle head.
  • the printhead has nozzle openings of different sizes.
  • rows of nozzles with large coating agent nozzles and rows of nozzles with small coating agent nozzles can be arranged alternately in the print head.
  • rows of nozzles with the larger coating agent nozzles are arranged offset relative to one another, in particular by half a nozzle width.
  • the print head is rotatably mounted and rotates during the coating.
  • the print head can have coating agent nozzles of different sizes, the smaller coating agent nozzles preferably being arranged closer to the axis of rotation of the print head than the larger coating agent nozzles.
  • print heads are provided, which are shared by a device (eg multi-axis robots) and are pivotable relative to each other, which allows adaptation to curved component surfaces.
  • a device eg multi-axis robots
  • the surface areas of the pressure head e.g. lines
  • a wear-reducing coating such as a DLC coating (DLC: Diamond-like Carbon), a diamond coating, a hard metal or a material combination of a hard and a soft material.
  • the surface areas of the print head that come into contact with the coating agent can be coated with titanium nitride, titanium oxide or chemical nickel or with another layer that is formed in the PVC process (PVC: Physical Vapor Deposition), in the CVD process (CVD: Chemical Vapor Deposition ) or in the anodizing process (anodizing: electrolytic oxidation of aluminum) or provided with an "easy-to-clean" coating.
  • PVC Physical Vapor Deposition
  • CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
  • anodizing electrolytic oxidation of aluminum
  • an electrostatic coating agent charge and / or compressed air support can be provided to improve the application efficiency wheel of the print head.
  • Another possibility is a position detection, which detects the spatial position of the print head and / or the component surface to be coated and controls or regulates the positioning of the print head accordingly.
  • the "mixing space” can be a mixing chamber, a piece of tubing or a mixing system (e.g. Keenix mixer).
  • a mixing system e.g. Keenix mixer.
  • the problem is the very precise dosage of the individual components in order to achieve the exact shade.
  • a color sensor can therefore be useful to control the dosing unit.
  • inkjet technology can also be used as the metering technology.
  • the required amount can be generated from individual droplets, which are dependent on the opening time of the nozzle and the pressure. These inkjet nozzles mix the color in turn in a mixing room.
  • a sensor which detects the course of a guide track in order to position the print head in relation to the guide track.
  • the senor is attached to the print head or to the robot, but other designs are also possible in principle.
  • the sensor can detect the previous painting path so that the current painting path can be applied in a certain relative position relative to the previous painting path. It is therefore generally desirable for the current painting path to be applied at a certain distance parallel to the previous painting path, which is possible using the sensor detection described above.
  • the senor is an optical sensor, but other types of sensors are also possible in principle.
  • the guide track mentioned above can also be a separate track applied for guiding purposes only and, for example, may comprise a normally invisible paint that is only visible to the sensor when illuminated with ultraviolet (UV) or infrared (IR) light.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • IR infrared
  • a laser measurement system can also detect the distance to the surface of the component to be coated and keep it constant within the framework of a regulation.
  • a robot controller is provided which is connected on the input side to the sensor and on the output side to the robot, the robot controller positioning the print head as a function of the course of the guideway.
  • the print head has a sheath flow nozzle which emits a sheath flow of air or another gas, the sheath flow enveloping the coating agent flow released from the coating agent nozzle in order to atomize or delimit the coating agent droplets.
  • this enveloping flow in the form of an air curtain can direct the resulting overspray onto the component surface, thereby improving the application efficiency.
  • the pressure head has several coating agent nozzles which are arranged next to one another with respect to the web direction, the outer coating agent nozzles emitting less coating agent than the inner coating agent nozzles, which leads to a corresponding layer thickness distribution transversely to the web direction.
  • Nozzles do not necessarily have to be arranged in a row.
  • the amount of paint can be controlled for each nozzle and each pixel. By different amounts of color z. B. also controlled the hue intensity.
  • the layer thickness distribution is a Gaussian normal distribution.
  • the amount of coating agent released by the individual coating agent nozzles is selected such that the layer thickness distribution is a trapezoidal distribution.
  • Such a trapezoidal layer thickness distribution is advantageous because the adjacent coating agent webs can overlap one another in such a way that the trapezoidal ones are superimposed Layer thickness distributions of the adjacent coating agent webs lead to a constant layer thickness.
  • the components to be coated are conveyed along a conveying path, which is known per se from the prior art of painting systems and therefore does not need to be described in more detail.
  • a portal spans the conveying path, numerous print heads being attached to the portal, which are directed at the components on the conveying path and coat these components.
  • the coating agent is preferably applied to the component in the form of pixels, the individual pixels each consisting of several basic colors of a color system in order to achieve a desired color shade of the pixel by color mixing.
  • the color mixing can be, for example, a subtractive color mixing, but it is in principle also possible to achieve the desired color tone by an additive color mixing.
  • the different basic colors (e.g. red, green, blue) of the respective color system (e.g. RGB color system) are arranged in layers one above the other in the individual pixels.
  • the top layer of each pixel has an effect lacquer and is semi-transparent, so that the top layer achieves the desired effect and at the same time lets through the desired color that is generated by the layers below.
  • the invention also includes a corresponding coating method, as can already be seen from the description above.
  • FIG. 2 shows a painting system according to the invention, which is partially with the initially described and in Figure 1 conventional painting system shown corresponds, so that to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of the painting system according to the invention is first of all that the painting robots 3, 4 do not use rotary atomizers as application devices, but print heads 8, 9, which have a much greater application efficiency of more than 95% and therefore generate significantly less overspray.
  • an air suction device 10 under the paint booth 2, which sucks the booth air down through a filter ceiling 11 from the paint booth 2.
  • the filter ceiling 11 filters out the overspray that is slightly present in the booth air, without the need for washing 7 as in the conventional painting system.
  • the print heads 8, 9 in this embodiment work like conventional print heads according to the piezo principle, but the surface coating performance of the print heads 8, 9 significantly larger in comparison to conventional print heads, so that the motor vehicle body components can be painted at a satisfactory operating speed.
  • Figure 3A shows a coating agent nozzle 12 which is arranged in each of the print heads 8, 9 next to numerous other coating agent nozzles, the coating agent nozzle 12 being supplied with the coating agent to be applied by a color changer 13.
  • the color changer 13 On the input side, the color changer 13 is connected to a total of seven coating agent feed lines, of which the color changer 13 can select one for supplying the coating agent to the coating agent nozzle 12.
  • the other three coating agent feed lines of the color changer 13, serve to supply a metallic paint, a mica paint and a special paint.
  • the desired color shade of the coating agent is mixed on the motor vehicle body component to be coated, with either temporal or local mixing being possible.
  • coating agent droplets in the basic colors C, M, Y and K are applied successively in the desired color ratio, so that the coating agent droplets then mix on the motor vehicle body component to be coated.
  • coating agent droplets of a certain basic color C, M, Y or K are applied from the coating agent nozzle 12, which then dissolve Mix on the motor vehicle body components to be coated with other coating agent droplets which are applied from another coating agent nozzle, not shown here.
  • Figure 3B shows a modification of the embodiment according to Figure 3A , wherein a row of nozzles with four coating agent nozzles 14.1-14.4 and four color changers 15.1-15.4 is shown.
  • the color changers 15.1-15.4 are jointly connected to five coating agent feed lines via which the color changers 15.1-15.4 are supplied with the four basic colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system and also with a special varnish S.
  • Figure 4A shows a group of coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.5, which are connected together with the output of a color changer 17 and therefore apply the same coating agent during operation.
  • the color changer 17 is connected on the input side to seven coating agent feed lines, four of the coating agent feed lines supplying the basic colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system, while the other three coating agent supply lines supply a metallic paint, a mica paint or a special paint.
  • a special feature of this embodiment is first of all that the color changer 17 is connected on the output side to a total of six coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.6, which thus apply the same coating agent.
  • Another special feature of this embodiment is that the input side of the color changer 17 is only connected to five coating agent feed lines, four of the coating agent feed lines supplying the basic colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system, whereas the fifth coating agent supply line is supplying a special paint.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the color changer 17 is connected on the input side to a color mixer 18, the color mixer 18 being connected on the input side to four coating agent supply lines which supply the four basic colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system.
  • the color mixer 18 can therefore mix any color tone from the four basic colors C, M, Y, K and feed it to the color changer 17.
  • the color changer 17 can optionally only supply the coating agent nozzle 16.1 with the coating agent to be applied or optionally also the coating agent nozzles 16.2, 16.3 and possibly also other coating agent nozzles that are not shown in the drawing.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the adjacent coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4 are each connected directly to a coating agent feed line via which one of the basic colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system is supplied.
  • the adjacent coating agent nozzle 16.5 is connected via the color changer 17 to three further coating agent feed lines that supply a metallic paint, a mica paint or a special paint.
  • the color changer selects the desired effect paint (metallic paint, mica paint or special paint) and applies it via the coating agent nozzle 16.5.
  • the desired effect paint metallic paint, mica paint or special paint
  • the four basic colors C, M, Y and K of the CMYK color system are applied in the desired ratio via the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4.
  • the basic colors C, M, Y, K mix with the selected effect paint.
  • Figure 7 shows several rows of nozzles 19.1-19.4 with numerous coating agent nozzles 20, each of the rows of nozzles 19.1-19.4 being assigned one of the four primary colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system.
  • the coating agent nozzles 20 of the coating agent row 19.1 apply the basic color C (cyan), while the coating agent row 19.2 applies the basic color M (magenta).
  • the coating agent nozzles 20 of the row of nozzles 19.3, on the other hand, apply coating agents of the basic color Y (yellow), while the coating agent nozzles 20 of the row of nozzles 19.4 apply coating agents of the basic color K (key black).
  • the rows of nozzles 19.1-19.4 can also apply a special lacquer S.
  • every second of the coating agent nozzles 20 is therefore connected to a special paint supply line.
  • the individual coating agent nozzles 20 can thus alternately apply the special lacquer S and one of the four basic colors C, M, Y, K.
  • Figure 8 likewise shows four rows of nozzles 21.1-21.4, each of which includes numerous coating agent nozzles 22.
  • color changers 23.1-23.4 are provided, each of which supplies all coating agent nozzles 22 of one of the four rows of nozzles 21.1-21.4 with a coating agent.
  • the color changer 23.1 feeds all coating agent nozzles 22 of the nozzle row 21.1
  • the color changer 23.2 feeds all coating agent nozzles 22 of the nozzle row 21.2.
  • the color changer 23.3 feeds all coating agent nozzles 22 of the nozzle row 21.3
  • the color changer 23.4 supplies all coating agent nozzles 20 of the nozzle row 21.4 with the coating agent to be applied.
  • the color changers 23.1-23.4 are each supplied with a basic color C, M, Y, K, so that each of the basic colors C, M, Y, K is assigned to one of the four rows of nozzles 21.1-21.4.
  • the color changers 23.1-23.4 are connected to several special color feed lines via which special colors, Metallic paints or the like can be supplied.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the color changers 23.1-23.4 are connected on the input side together with a further color changer 24, the color changer 24 being supplied with three different effect paints S1, S2, S3 on the input side.
  • the color changer 24 thus selects one of the effect paints S1, S2 or S3 during operation and makes the selected effect paint available to the other color changers 23.1-23.4 for selection.
  • the color changers 23.1-23.4 can therefore selectively select the respective basic color C. M, Y or K or the effect lacquer provided by the color changer 24.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4 are not separated from one another with one of the basic colors C, M, Y or K, respectively are supplied. Rather, the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4 are jointly supplied with the coating agent to be applied by a paint mixer 25, the input side of the paint mixer 25 being supplied with the basic colors C, M, Y, K of the CMYK color system and mixing a desired color tone according to the control is then applied from the coating agent nozzles 16.1-16.4.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the individual rows of nozzles 19.1-19.4 are not supplied with different basic colors, but with a mixed coating agent that is mixed from the basic colors C, M, Y and K by a color mixer 26.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the individual color changers 23.1-23.4 are jointly supplied with a color mixture which is provided by a color mixer 27, the color mixer 27 being supplied with the primary colors C, M, Y and K on the input side.
  • Figure 13 shows a further embodiment of a nozzle arrangement in the print heads 8, 9, four rows of nozzles 28.1-28.4 being shown here, each of which has numerous coating agent nozzles 29. All of the coating agent nozzles 29 and all of the rows of coating agents 28.1-28.4 are jointly supplied with the same coating agent by a color changer 30.
  • the color changer 30 is connected to three special color feed lines via which three special paints S1, S2, S3 are fed.
  • the color changer 30 is connected on the input side to a color mixer 31 which mixes a desired color tone from the basic colors, C, M, Y, K and provides the color changer 30 for selection.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that all coating agent nozzles 29 in all nozzle rows 28.1-28.4 are connected to a common coating agent feed line 31 via which the same coating agent is fed.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the coating agent nozzles 20 in the individual rows of nozzles 19.1-19.4 are alternately connected to a first coating agent line 32 and a second coating agent feed line 33.
  • Figure 16 shows a nozzle arrangement 34 for the print heads 8, 9 of the painting installation according to the invention, the arrow indicating the advance direction of the print heads 8, 9, ie the printing direction.
  • the nozzle arrangement 34 has several rows of nozzles 35.1-35.7, each of which comprises several coating agent nozzles 36.
  • the coating agent nozzles 36 here have a uniformly large nozzle opening within the entire nozzle arrangement 34.
  • the adjacent rows of nozzles 35.1-35.7 are arranged offset from one another in the longitudinal direction, namely by half a nozzle width, which enables a maximum packing density of the coating agent nozzles 36 within the nozzle arrangement 34.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modified nozzle assembly 34 which is largely similar to that described above and in FIG Figure 16 corresponds to the nozzle arrangement shown, so that reference is made to the above description to avoid repetition.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is first of all that the individual nozzles 36 have a significantly smaller nozzle size.
  • Another special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the adjacent rows of nozzles are not offset from one another.
  • Figure 18 shows a further embodiment of a nozzle arrangement 37 with five parallel rows of nozzles 38.1-38.5 with relatively large nozzle openings and four rows of nozzles 39.1-39.4 with relatively small nozzle openings.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the nozzle rows 38.1-38.5 with the larger nozzle openings are offset from one another in the longitudinal direction, namely by half a nozzle width.
  • Figure 20 shows a scheme for painting a sharp edge 39. It can be seen from this that the edge 39 is composed of differently sized coating agent surfaces 40, 41, 42, the differently sized coating agent surfaces 40-42 being produced by correspondingly differently sized coating agent nozzles.
  • Figure 21 shows schematically a rotatable print head 43 with four large coating agent nozzles 44 and numerous smaller coating agent nozzles 45, the larger coating agent nozzles 44 being arranged on the outside with respect to the axis of rotation of the print head 43, while the smaller coating agent nozzles 45 are located on the inside with respect to the axis of rotation of the print head 43.
  • FIG. 22 a printhead arrangement 46 with a total of four printheads 47-50, which are pivotable relative to one another in order to enable better adaptation to the surface of a curved component 51.
  • Figure 23 shows a pixel 52 which can be printed onto a component 53 with the coating method according to the invention by means of a print head, the pixel 52 being shown individually in the drawing for the sake of simplicity. In practice, however, numerous pixels 52 are applied.
  • the pixel 52 consists of several layers 54-57 which are arranged one above the other.
  • the three lower layers 55-57 consist of the basic colors red, green and blue of the RGB color system.
  • the lower layers consist of the basic colors of another color system, such as the CMYK color system.
  • the one on top of the other Layers 55-57 lying on the ground then generate a certain color tone by subtractive color mixing.
  • FIG. 24 shows, in a greatly simplified form, a coating device according to the invention with a multi-axis robot 58 which moves a print head 59 along predetermined coating agent paths over a component surface 60, the robot 58 being controlled by a robot controller 61.
  • the robot controller 61 controls the robot 58 in such a way that the print head 59 is guided in each case along predetermined coating agent paths over the component surface 60, the coating agent paths lying next to one another in a meandering manner.
  • a special feature here is that an optical sensor 62 is additionally attached to the pressure head 59, which detects the position and the course of the previous coating agent path during operation so that the current coating agent path can be precisely aligned with the previous coating agent path.
  • Figure 25 shows in a greatly simplified form a variant of a coating device according to the invention with three separate coating agent feeds 63-65, each of which feeds a component of the coating agent to be applied.
  • the coating agent feeds 63-65 are connected on the output side to a mixer 66, which mixes the individual components together to form a coating agent mixture, which is then fed to a print head 67.
  • the mix of the different In this case, components of the coating agent take place before application by the print head 67.
  • Figure 26 shows, in a simplified form, a print head 68 which applies three different components of a coating agent separately from one another to the component surface, the individual components only being mixed on the component surface.
  • Figure 27 shows in schematic form a print head 69 for applying drops of coating agent 70 to a component surface 71.
  • the print head 69 here has a coating agent nozzle 72 from which the individual coating agent drops 70 are ejected pneumatically or in some other way.
  • the print head 69 has a sheath flow nozzle 73 which surrounds the coating agent nozzle 72 in an annular manner and emits an annular sheath flow which surrounds the individual drops 70 of coating agent.
  • this serves to atomize or delimit the individual drops of coating agent 70.
  • the sheath flow emitted by the sheath flow nozzle 73 directs any overspray in the direction of the component surface 71 and thereby improves the application efficiency.
  • Figure 28 shows in a likewise greatly simplified form a print head 69 according to the invention, which is partially connected to the print head 69 according to FIG Figure 27 corresponds, so that reference is made to the above description to avoid repetition the same reference numerals being used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is that the individual coating agent drops 70 are pneumatically ejected from the coating agent nozzle 72, the coating agent drops 70 being accelerated pneumatically, which increases the maximum possible painting distance, since the individual coating agent drops 70 have a correspondingly greater genetic energy due to the pneumatic acceleration to have.
  • Figure 29 shows in a greatly simplified form a print head 74 during the application of two adjacent painting paths, the position of the print head 74 in the current painting path being denoted without an apostrophe, whereas the position of the print head 74 'in the previous painting path is marked with an apostrophe.
  • the print head 74 has several coating agent nozzles 75 which are arranged next to one another transversely to the web direction, the outer coating agent nozzles 75 emitting less coating agent than the inner coating agent nozzles 75. As a result, the printing head 74 generates a trapezoidal layer thickness distribution 76 on the component surface. This is advantageous because the trapezoidal layer thickness distribution 76 is then superimposed with the likewise trapezoidal layer thickness distribution 76 'of the preceding coating path, which leads to a constant layer thickness.
  • Figure 30 shows in simplified form a coating device according to the invention, in which the components 77 to be painted along a linear conveying path 78 through a painting booth be transported, which is known per se from the prior art and therefore does not need to be described in more detail.
  • the conveying path 78 is spanned by a portal 79, numerous print heads 80 being attached to the portal, which are directed at the components 77 on the conveying path 78 and coat them with a coating agent.
  • Figure 31 shows a modification of Figure 19 so that to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this exemplary embodiment is the significantly greater packing density of the individual coating agent nozzles.
  • Figure 32 shows a modification of Figure 18 so that to avoid repetition, reference is made to the above description, the same reference symbols being used for corresponding details.
  • the special feature is that the packing density of the individual coating agent nozzles is significantly greater.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP16001687.9A 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Beschichtungseinrichtung und zugehöriges beschichtungsverfahren Active EP3112176B1 (de)

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DE102008053178A DE102008053178A1 (de) 2008-10-24 2008-10-24 Beschichtungseinrichtung und zugehöriges Beschichtungsverfahren
EP09737368.2A EP2337688B8 (de) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Beschichtungseinrichtung und zugehöriges beschichtungsverfahren
PCT/EP2009/007448 WO2010046064A1 (de) 2008-10-24 2009-10-16 Beschichtungseinrichtung und zugehöriges beschichtungsverfahren

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JP6335993B2 (ja) 2018-05-30
ES2971867T3 (es) 2024-06-10
PL2337688T3 (pl) 2017-02-28
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US10814643B2 (en) 2020-10-27
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CN106000730B (zh) 2019-07-02
US10150304B2 (en) 2018-12-11
DE102008053178A1 (de) 2010-05-12
JP2017035691A (ja) 2017-02-16
HUE043677T2 (hu) 2019-09-30
CN102224012B (zh) 2016-08-03
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EP2337688A1 (de) 2011-06-29
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