CA2771090C - Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum - Google Patents
Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2771090C CA2771090C CA2771090A CA2771090A CA2771090C CA 2771090 C CA2771090 C CA 2771090C CA 2771090 A CA2771090 A CA 2771090A CA 2771090 A CA2771090 A CA 2771090A CA 2771090 C CA2771090 C CA 2771090C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- carburization
- carburizing
- workpiece
- reactor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 296
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 79
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- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 62
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 55
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
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- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 i.e. Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- DPPFTYBYPWHNRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methoxy-4-methyl-5-methylsulfanylphenyl)propan-2-amine Chemical compound COC1=CC(C)=C(SC)C=C1CC(C)N DPPFTYBYPWHNRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001203 Alloy 20 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010960 commercial process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001055 inconels 600 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005673 monoalkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical compound CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US23214809P | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | |
| US61/232,148 | 2009-08-07 | ||
| PCT/US2010/044510 WO2011017495A1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2010-08-05 | Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2771090A1 CA2771090A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
| CA2771090C true CA2771090C (en) | 2017-07-11 |
Family
ID=43533895
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2771090A Expired - Fee Related CA2771090C (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2010-08-05 | Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US9212416B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP2462253B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP5650739B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101704849B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN102844459B (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2010279452B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2771090C (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK2462253T3 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2011017495A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2462253B1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2021-04-07 | Swagelok Company | Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum |
| CN102918070B (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2015-06-17 | 索尔维特殊聚合物意大利有限公司 | 基于氟聚合物的杂化有机/无机复合物 |
| DK2804965T3 (da) | 2012-01-20 | 2020-12-14 | Swagelok Co | Samtidigt flow af aktiveringsgas ved lavtemperatur-karburering |
| PL2881492T3 (pl) * | 2013-12-06 | 2017-10-31 | Hubert Stueken Gmbh & Co Kg | Sposób nawęglania wyrobu głęboko tłoczonego lub giętnego wyrobu wykrawanego z austenitycznej, nierdzewnej stali szlachetnej |
| SI2886668T1 (sl) | 2013-12-19 | 2019-03-29 | Groz-Beckert Kg | Tekstilno orodje in postopek njegove izdelave |
| CN105714236A (zh) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-29 | 四川凌峰航空液压机械有限公司 | 真空脉冲渗碳马氏体不锈钢的方法 |
| WO2017074161A1 (ko) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-04 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 저온 침탄처리방법 및 침탄처리장치 |
| NL1041658B1 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2017-07-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for austenitizing and/or carburizing steel transverse elements for a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission. |
| PL422596A1 (pl) * | 2017-08-21 | 2019-02-25 | Seco/Warwick Spółka Akcyjna | Sposób nawęglania podciśnieniowego (LPC) elementów wykonanych ze stopów żelaza i innych metali |
| CA3075515A1 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2019-03-28 | Bortec Gmbh & Co. Kg | Improved pre-treatment process of a surface of a metallic substrate |
| US12104259B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2024-10-01 | The University Of Akron | Erosive wear and corrosion resistant coatings including metal carbide, metal boride, metal nitride, and corresponding methods |
| KR102188995B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-12-09 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 자연산화막 제거가스를 이용한 저온 침탄처리방법 |
| KR102188994B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-12-09 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 탄소포텐셜 제어를 통한 저온 침탄처리방법 |
| CN109811295B (zh) * | 2019-03-19 | 2021-05-18 | 刘小阳 | 一种精密零件的真空渗碳炉750℃低温渗碳工艺 |
| SE544421C2 (en) * | 2020-06-26 | 2022-05-17 | Greeniron H2 Ab | Method and device for producing direct reduced metal |
| TWI798885B (zh) * | 2020-11-18 | 2023-04-11 | 日商帕卡熱處理工業股份有限公司 | 金屬構件之處理方法及處理裝置 |
| WO2023055164A1 (ko) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | 현대제철 주식회사 | 탄소피복강재 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR102659910B1 (ko) * | 2022-06-08 | 2024-04-22 | 주식회사 현대케피코 | 침탄열처리방법 및 그로부터 제조된 침탄부품 |
| CN115110022A (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-09-27 | 浙江巴赫厨具有限公司 | 三合一氮碳共渗气氮铁质炊具制造方法及应用 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL178001B (nl) | 1953-02-17 | Scm Corp | Werkwijze voor het ontzwavelen van terpentijn-koolwaterstoffracties door sorptie met koolstof. | |
| GB852108A (en) | 1958-06-13 | 1960-10-26 | Bofors Ab | Process of nitriding |
| FR1405264A (fr) | 1964-05-12 | 1965-07-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procédé de fabrication d'enceintes sous vide |
| JPS465718Y1 (enExample) | 1966-04-23 | 1971-03-01 | ||
| JPS4629064Y1 (enExample) | 1967-08-23 | 1971-10-08 | ||
| JPS4627776Y1 (enExample) | 1968-03-18 | 1971-09-25 | ||
| US3796615A (en) * | 1971-06-23 | 1974-03-12 | Hayes Inc C I | Method of vacuum carburizing |
| DE2636273C3 (de) * | 1976-08-12 | 1980-02-07 | Ipsen Industries International Gmbh, 4190 Kleve | Verfahren zur Regelung eines Aufkohlens von Teilen in einem Vakuumofen |
| JPS5354136A (en) * | 1976-10-28 | 1978-05-17 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Vacuum carburizing furnace |
| US4160680A (en) * | 1976-11-05 | 1979-07-10 | Sola Basic Industries, Inc. | Vacuum carburizing |
| GR64219B (en) | 1977-03-16 | 1980-02-12 | Unerman Greenman Berger Ltd | A coupling device primarily for connecting two sections of an article of furniture |
| CH641840A5 (en) | 1977-06-16 | 1984-03-15 | Standardgraph Filler & Fiebig | Process for increasing the abrasion resistance of workpieces of stainless steel or nickel metal alloys |
| JPS6027677B2 (ja) | 1978-07-06 | 1985-06-29 | 富山化学工業株式会社 | ７−置換又は非置換アミノ−３−置換チオメチルセフエムカルボン酸類の新規製造法 |
| US4191598A (en) * | 1978-08-21 | 1980-03-04 | Midland-Ross Corporation | Jet recirculation method for vacuum carburizing |
| DE3110488C2 (de) | 1981-03-18 | 1982-12-09 | Adam Opel AG, 6090 Rüsselsheim | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Aufkohlung der Randschichten metallischer Werkstücke |
| US4386973A (en) | 1981-05-08 | 1983-06-07 | General Signal Corporation | Vacuum carburizing steel |
| US4455177A (en) * | 1982-09-13 | 1984-06-19 | Filippov Vladimir I | Method and apparatus for chemical heat treatment of steel parts utilizing a continuous electric furnace |
| JPS6033338A (ja) * | 1983-08-02 | 1985-02-20 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 高温浸炭用鋼 |
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| GB2173513B (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1989-06-14 | Lucas Ind Plc | Making of steel component |
| GB8608717D0 (en) | 1986-04-10 | 1986-05-14 | Lucas Ind Plc | Metal components |
| GB8704343D0 (en) * | 1987-02-24 | 1987-04-01 | Odin Dev Ltd | Dosing system |
| US5252145A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1993-10-12 | Daidousanso Co., Ltd. | Method of nitriding nickel alloy |
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2010
- 2010-08-05 EP EP10807141.6A patent/EP2462253B1/en active Active
- 2010-08-05 DK DK10807141.6T patent/DK2462253T3/da active
- 2010-08-05 US US12/850,925 patent/US9212416B2/en active Active
- 2010-08-05 KR KR1020127005956A patent/KR101704849B1/ko active Active
- 2010-08-05 AU AU2010279452A patent/AU2010279452B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-08-05 CN CN201080035086.1A patent/CN102844459B/zh active Active
- 2010-08-05 CA CA2771090A patent/CA2771090C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-05 JP JP2012523940A patent/JP5650739B2/ja active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2011017495A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
| US10934611B2 (en) | 2021-03-02 |
| KR20120055619A (ko) | 2012-05-31 |
| AU2010279452B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
| CN102844459A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
| US20160083831A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
| CA2771090A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
| CN102844459B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
| US9212416B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 |
| US10156006B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 |
| KR101704849B1 (ko) | 2017-02-08 |
| EP2462253A4 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
| JP2013501852A (ja) | 2013-01-17 |
| EP2462253A1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
| US20110030849A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
| AU2010279452A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
| US20190093208A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
| EP2462253B1 (en) | 2021-04-07 |
| JP5650739B2 (ja) | 2015-01-07 |
| DK2462253T3 (da) | 2021-05-31 |
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