WO2005012404A1 - 繊維強化複合材料及びその製造方法と、その利用 - Google Patents
繊維強化複合材料及びその製造方法と、その利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005012404A1 WO2005012404A1 PCT/JP2004/010703 JP2004010703W WO2005012404A1 WO 2005012404 A1 WO2005012404 A1 WO 2005012404A1 JP 2004010703 W JP2004010703 W JP 2004010703W WO 2005012404 A1 WO2005012404 A1 WO 2005012404A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/005—Reinforced macromolecular compounds with nanosized materials, e.g. nanoparticles, nanofibres, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods or nanolayered materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
- H05K1/0353—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement
- H05K1/0366—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement reinforced, e.g. by fibres, fabrics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12104—Mirror; Reflectors or the like
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
- G02B2006/12107—Grating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0104—Properties and characteristics in general
- H05K2201/0108—Transparent
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/02—Fillers; Particles; Fibers; Reinforcement materials
- H05K2201/0203—Fillers and particles
- H05K2201/0242—Shape of an individual particle
- H05K2201/0251—Non-conductive microfibers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/249928—Fiber embedded in a ceramic, glass, or carbon matrix
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
- Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T428/2965—Cellulosic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
- Y10T428/31515—As intermediate layer
- Y10T428/31518—Next to glass or quartz
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
- Y10T428/31525—Next to glass or quartz
Definitions
- Fiber-reinforced composite material method for producing the same, and use
- the present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced composite material, a method for producing the same, and a transparent laminate, a wiring board, and an optical waveguide using the fiber-reinforced composite material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a highly transparent fiber reinforced composite material obtained by impregnating a fiber with a matrix material, a method for producing the fiber reinforced composite material, and a transparent laminate using a substrate made of the fiber reinforced composite material. The present invention relates to a body, a wiring board, and an optical waveguide.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a method of obtaining a transparent glass fiber reinforced resin by matching the refractive index of glass fibers with the refractive index of a matrix resin.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose molding materials obtained by molding cellulose fibers (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “bacterial cellulose”) produced by Bacteria into various shapes such as sheet, thread, and three-dimensional. ing.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-207234
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-7-156279
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-62-36467
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-8-49188
- the glass fiber reinforced resins disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 may become opaque depending on the use conditions. Since the refractive index of a substance has temperature dependence, the glass fiber reinforced resins disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are transparent under a certain temperature condition, but under a condition different from that temperature condition. , Translucent or opaque. The refractive index has wavelength dependence for each substance, and even if the refractive index of the fiber and the matrix resin is combined at a specific wavelength among the visible light wavelengths, the refractive index is shifted over the entire visible band. Area may exist In this region, transparency cannot be obtained again.
- Bacterial cellulose disclosed in Patent Documents 3 and 4 is made of a single fiber having a fiber diameter of 4 nm, and has a fiber diameter much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, so that refraction of visible light hardly occurs.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 disperse and use bacteria cellulose when it is used as a composite material with resin. In this way, when the organism produced by bacteria is disintegrated by applying mechanical shearing force with a grinder or the like, the bacterial cellulose adheres to each other during the disintegration process, causing refraction and scattering of visible light. As a result, the composite material using the disintegrated cellulose is inferior in transparency.
- the touch switch comprises a fixed contact support plate having a transparent conductive film (fixed contact) formed on one surface of a transparent base material, and a transparent conductive film (movable contact) formed on one surface of the transparent base material. And a movable contact support plate.
- the transparent conductive films of both support plates are arranged to face each other via the spacer. When the movable contact support plate is pressed, the movable contact support plate bends, and the transparent conductive film that is the movable contact of the movable contact support plate and the transparent conductive film that is the fixed contact of the fixed contact support plate come into contact.
- the base material of the fixed contact support plate is a transparent or insulative sheet or glass plate made of acrylic resin, polycarbonate resin, polyester resin or the like having a thickness of about 75 ⁇ m and 5 mm.
- the base material of the movable contact support plate is a transparent or insulating film or sheet of the same material with a thickness of about 75 x 200 m.
- a transparent conductive film, a circuit pattern, a connector lead portion, and the like serving as contacts are formed on these substrates.
- the glass plate is heavy and has poor impact resistance.
- the resin sheet is lighter than the glass plate, but has the following problems.
- a transparent conductive film, a circuit pattern, and the like serving as a contact on the base material are formed by pattern etching, and heat may be applied in a processing step in this non-etching.
- the stress generated at the interface causes the transparent conductive film to be damaged, such as cracks and film peeling, and the transparent conductive film is damaged. Is spoiled May be.
- the movable contact support plate has insufficient bending strength or flexural modulus, the support plate may be deformed or damaged by repeated pressing force. Also in this case, the conductivity is impaired due to the deterioration of the transparent conductive film.
- the transparent conductive film is excellent in transparency, lightweight, and has a small linear thermal expansion coefficient. It is desired to develop a transparent base material for forming a transparent conductive film that can sufficiently withstand the back pressing force.
- a first object of the present invention is to always maintain high transparency without being affected by temperature conditions, wavelengths, and the like, and to impart various functions by combining fibers with a matrix material. To provide a fiber-reinforced composite material.
- a second object of the present invention is to maintain high transparency without being affected by temperature conditions, wavelengths, etc., to be lightweight, and to reduce the difference in linear thermal expansion coefficient between the substrate and the transparent conductive film. It is an object of the present invention to provide a transparent conductive film-formed transparent laminate which is free from a problem of damage to the transparent conductive film due to the resulting conductive properties, and a problem of damage to the transparent conductive film itself due to repeated stress or the like.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide a high-functional wiring board using a transparent substrate made of the fiber-reinforced composite material as described above.
- a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a high-functional optical waveguide using a transparent substrate manufactured from the above-described fiber-reinforced composite material.
- the fiber reinforced composite material of the first aspect contains a fiber having an average fiber diameter of 4-1200 nm and a matrix material, and has a light transmittance of 60% or more at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm in terms of 50 ⁇ m thickness. is there.
- the light transmittance at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm in terms of a thickness of 50 ⁇ m is fiber-reinforced according to the present invention.
- the light transmittance is measured by setting the light source and the detector through the substrate to be measured (sample substrate) and perpendicular to the substrate, using air as a reference, and by linearly transmitting the light (flat). Line light), and specifically, it can be measured by a measurement method described in Examples described later.
- this fiber-reinforced composite material contains fibers having an average fiber diameter smaller than the wavelength of visible light (380 to 800 nm), visible light is hardly refracted at the interface between the matrix and the fibers. Therefore, almost no visible light scattering loss occurs in the entire visible light region and at the interface between the fiber and the matrix material, which is related to the refractive index of the material. For this reason, the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has a high transparency of not less than 50% in thickness and visible light transmittance of 60% or more regardless of temperature in the entire visible light wavelength region.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the second aspect has a fiber assembly and a matrix material impregnated in the fiber assembly, and is obtained by binarizing a scanning electron microscope image of the fiber assembly.
- L is the line segment length of a bright area corresponding to the void area of the fiber assembly, which is obtained by statistical analysis of the one-way run-length image created from the value image, and L ⁇ 4.5 xm
- the total length of the line segments is less than 30% of the total analysis length.
- a one-way run-length image produced from a binary image obtained by binarizing a scanning electron microscope image of a fiber assembly is statistically analyzed to form a void region of the fiber assembly.
- the length of the line segment in the corresponding light area is L
- the ratio of the total length of the line segment of L ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ to the total analysis length is referred to as ⁇ ⁇ 4.5 x mRL ratio ''.
- ⁇ 4.5 1111 1 harmful compound is more specifically determined by an analysis method described in Examples described later.
- This fiber-reinforced composite material has high transparency that is not affected by temperature conditions, wavelength, and the like.
- the ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ m RL ratio described above is a measure of the denseness of the run-length image, in other words, the denseness of the aggregated state of the fibers in the fiber assembly.
- the large ratio of ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ m RL indicates that the pores formed between the fibers in which the aggregation state (network structure) of the fibers of the fiber aggregate is coarse are large.
- the fact that ⁇ 4.5 1111 is less than 1% and less than 30% indicates that an extremely fine and dense network structure is formed by the fibers.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention comprises a fiber aggregate impregnated with a matrix material. Is composed of a three-dimensional cross-structure in which nano-sized fine fibers with an ⁇ 4.5 x mRL ratio of 30% or less form an extremely fine and dense network, so that visible light is Almost no refraction at the interface. Therefore, almost no visible light scattering loss occurs in the entire visible light region and at the interface between the fiber and the matrix material, which is related to the refractive index of the material.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has high transparency regardless of temperature, for example, a visible light transmittance of 50 zm and a visible light transmittance of 60% or more in the entire visible light wavelength region.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the first and second aspects is obtained by impregnating a fiber with an impregnating liquid capable of forming a matrix material according to the method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material of the third aspect. It can be produced by curing a liquid.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material according to the first to third aspects can have a low thermal expansion coefficient and a linear thermal expansion coefficient comparable to those of glass fiber-reinforced resin, so that distortion, deformation, and shape accuracy can be maintained even when the ambient temperature changes. It is useful as an optical material with a small decrease. Since the material of the present invention has a small deformation such as deflection or distortion, it is also useful as a structural material.
- the fiber reinforced composite material of the present invention can have a lower specific gravity than glass fiber reinforced resin.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention can have a low dielectric constant, and thus is useful for communication optical fibers and the like.
- the transparent laminate of the fourth aspect has a substrate made of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention, and a transparent conductive film formed on the surface of the substrate.
- This fiber-reinforced composite material base material has a temperature-independent property in the entire visible light wavelength range.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material base material can have a linear thermal expansion coefficient as low as that of glass fiber-reinforced resin, even if the ambient temperature changes, cracks in the transparent conductive film on the base material, Breakage such as peeling is prevented.
- the wiring substrate of the fifth aspect has a transparent substrate made of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention, and a wiring circuit formed on the transparent substrate.
- the optical waveguide of the sixth aspect has a transparent substrate made of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention, and a core formed on the transparent substrate.
- FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM photograph) of the bacterial cellulose obtained in Production Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph (SEM photograph) of the disaggregated bacterial cellulose obtained in Production Example 2.
- FIG. 3a shows an original image of bacterial cellulose
- FIG. 3b shows a binary image of bacterial cellulose
- FIG. 3c shows a stripe pattern image superimposed on FIG. 3b
- FIG. 3d shows a run-length image of bacterial cellulose.
- Fig. 4a shows the original image of disintegrated bacterial cellulose
- Fig. 4b shows a binary image of disintegrated bacterial cellulose
- Fig. 4c shows the striped pattern image superimposed on Fig. 4b
- Fig. 4d shows the run length of disintegrated bacterial cellulose. An image is shown.
- FIG. 5a is an enlarged view of FIG. 3b (a binary drawing of bacterial cellulose), and FIG. 5b is an enlarged view of FIG. 3d (a run-length image of batteria cellulose).
- Fig. 6a is an enlarged view of Fig. 4b (binary fraction of dissociated bacterial cellulose), and Fig. 6b is an enlarged view of Fig. 4d (run-length image of dissociated bacterial cellulose).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing a length histogram (cumulative ratio of the total analysis length) of bacterial cellulose and disaggregated bacterial cellulose obtained by image analysis.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing light transmittance of various acrylic resin composite sheets.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing light transmittance of sheets before being impregnated with various resins.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing light transmittance of an acrylic resin sheet and a resin composite BC sheet.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing light transmittance of an acrylic resin composite BC sheet and an acrylic resin composite acetylated BC sheet.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of a heat resistance test (weight loss rate) of an acrylic resin composite BC sheet, an acrylic resin composite acetylated BC sheet, and a BC sheet.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between strain (mmZ mm) and bending stress (MPa) of the resin-impregnated BC sheet obtained in Example 6 and a comparative sample.
- FIG. 14a to FIG. 14e are cross-sectional views showing an embodiment of the optical waveguide of the present invention.
- FIG. 15a to FIG. 15g are views showing examples of the light reflecting structure of the optical waveguide of the present invention.
- FIG. 16A and FIG. 16B are explanatory views showing a mounting mode of the optical waveguide of the present invention.
- the fiber reinforced composite material of the first aspect includes a fiber and a matrix material, and has a visible light transmittance of 50 ⁇ m thickness of 60% or more.
- the average diameter of the fiber is 4-1200 nm.
- the fibers may consist of single fibers that are not aligned and are sufficiently spaced apart to allow matrix material to enter between them.
- the average fiber diameter is the average diameter of the single fibers.
- the fiber may be composed of a plurality of (or a large number of) single fibers bundled together to form a single yarn.
- the average fiber diameter is one. Defined as the average value of the yarn diameter.
- Bacterial cellulose is composed of the latter yarn.
- the average diameter of the fibers exceeds 200 nm, the wavelength approaches the wavelength of visible light, and the refraction of visible light easily occurs at the interface with the matrix material. Fibers with an average diameter of less than 4 nm are difficult to manufacture.
- the diameter of a single fiber of bacterial cellulose described below, which is suitable as a fiber, is about 4 nm.
- the average diameter of the fibers is preferably 410 nm, more preferably 460 nm.
- the fibers used in the first aspect may include fibers having an average fiber diameter of less than 200 nm, but the proportion is preferably 30% by weight or less. It is desirable that all fibers have a fiber diameter of 200 nm or less, particularly 100 nm or less, particularly 60 nm or less.
- the fiber reinforced composite material of the second aspect includes a fiber aggregate and a matrix material impregnated in the fiber aggregate, and has a ⁇ 4.5 / mRL ratio of 30% or less.
- the ⁇ 4.5 / mRL ratio of the fiber aggregate used in the second aspect exceeds 30%, the network structure of the fiber aggregate becomes coarse, and a highly transparent fiber-reinforced composite material cannot be obtained.
- ⁇ 4.5 x mRL ratio the smaller the ratio, the higher the transparency of the fiber reinforced composite material and the better. It is preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at most 5%, particularly preferably at most 1%.
- the measurement of the ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ m RL ratio is performed, for example, by analyzing in two directions, one direction (horizontal direction) and a direction (vertical direction) orthogonal to this direction. can do.
- the fiber aggregate has a ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ mRL ratio of at least 30%, preferably at most 20%, more preferably at most 10%, particularly preferably at least one of the two directions.
- 5% or less, particularly preferably 1% or less, more preferably ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ m RL ratio in any of these two directions is 30% or less, preferably 20% or less, more preferably 10% or less. Or less, particularly preferably 5% or less, particularly preferably 1% or less.
- the fibers constituting the fiber aggregate having a ⁇ 4.5 / imRL ratio of 30% or less have an average fiber diameter of 41
- Fibers of 200 nm, in particular cellulose fibers, especially bacterial cellulose, are not preferred.
- the fibers may be composed of single fibers that are not separated and are sufficiently separated so that the matrix resin enters between them.
- the average fiber diameter is the average diameter of the single fibers.
- the fiber according to the second aspect may be a fiber in which a plurality (even a large number) of single fibers are aggregated in a bundle to form a single yarn.
- the average fiber diameter is defined as the average value of the diameter of one yarn.
- Bacterial cellulose is composed of the latter thread.
- the average diameter of the fibers exceeds 200 nm, it is difficult to obtain a fiber aggregate having a ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ m RL ratio of 30% or less. , The refraction of visible light is likely to occur at the interface with the matrix material, and the transparency of the obtained fiber-reinforced composite material will decrease.
- the upper limit of the average diameter of the fiber used in the second aspect is 200 nm. It's preferable that there is. It is difficult to manufacture fibers having an average fiber diameter of less than 4 nm.
- the below-mentioned average diameter of fibers used in the second aspect is preferably that the single fiber diameter of bacterial cellulose, which will be described later, is about 4 nm.
- the average diameter of the fibers used in the second aspect is more preferably 410 nm, more preferably 410 nm.
- the fibers used in the second aspect may have a fiber diameter outside the range of 412 to 200 nm, but the proportion is preferably 30% by weight or less.
- the fiber diameter of all fibers is 200 nm or less, particularly 100 nm or less, especially 60 nm or less.
- the length of the fibers used in the first and second aspects is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 nm or more in average length. If the average length of the fibers is shorter than 100 nm, the reinforcing effect is low, and the strength of the fiber-reinforced composite material may be insufficient.
- the fibers may have a fiber length of less than 100 ⁇ m, but the proportion is preferably 30% by weight or less.
- Cellulose fiber refers to cellulose microfibrils constituting the basic skeleton or the like of a plant cell wall or the constituent fibers thereof, and is generally an aggregate of unit fibers having a fiber diameter of about 4 nm. Cellulose fibers having a crystal structure of 40% or more are preferable for obtaining high strength and low thermal expansion.
- the cellulose fibers used may be those isolated from plants, but bacterial cellulose produced by bacterial cellulose is preferred.
- Bacterial cellulose obtained by dissolving and removing bacteria by alkali-treating the product from Nocteria and not disintegrating, has a visible light transmittance of 50 zm thickness of 60% or more, or a ⁇ 4.5 ⁇ m RL ratio of 30. % Is suitable for obtaining a fiber aggregate of not more than%.
- Organisms capable of producing cellulose on the earth are not limited to the plant kingdom, but include the ascidians in the animal kingdom, various algae, oomycetes, slime molds and the like in the protist, and the cyanobacteria and the like in the Monera kingdom.
- Acetic acid bacteria are distributed in some soil bacteria. At present, the bacterial kingdom (fungi) has not been confirmed to have a cellulose-producing ability. Among them, the acetic acid bacteria include the genus Acetobacter, and more specifically, Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter subsp., Acetobacter subsp. Forces such as xylinum (Acetobacter xylinum) are not limited to these.
- cellulose is produced from the bacterium. Since the obtained product contains bacteria and cellulose fibers (bacterial cellulose) produced from and linked to the bacteria, the product is taken out of the culture medium and washed with water or treated with alkali. By removing the bacteria, hydrated bacterial cellulose free of bacteria can be obtained. By removing water from the hydrated bacterial cellulose, bacterial cellulose can be obtained.
- Examples of the medium include an agar-like solid medium and a liquid medium (culture solution).
- a culture solution for example, a culture solution containing 7% by weight of coconut milk (0.7% by weight of total nitrogen and 28% by weight of fat) and 8% by weight of sucrose, and adjusted to pH 3.0 with acetic acid liquid and glucose 2% by weight, Bruno Tato East E click Stora 0 - 5 wt 0/0, Bacto peptone 0 - 5 wt 0/0, hydrogen phosphate Ninatoriu arm 0.27 wt%, Taen acid 0.115 wt%, An aqueous solution (SH medium) in which magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.1% by weight and adjusted to ⁇ 5.0 with hydrochloric acid is exemplified.
- SH medium aqueous solution in which magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is 0.1% by weight and adjusted to ⁇ 5.0 with hydrochloric acid is exemplified.
- Examples of the culture method include the following methods. Acetobacter xylinum (Acetobacter xylinum) FF-88 and other acetic acid bacteria are inoculated into the coconut milk culture solution. For example, in the case of FF-88, static culture is performed at 30 ° C for 5 days, followed by primary culture. Get. After removing the gel content of the obtained primary culture solution, the liquid portion was added to the same culture solution as above at a ratio of 5% by weight, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 30 ° C for 10 days. obtain. This secondary culture contains about 1% by weight of cellulose fibers.
- a culture solution glucose 2 weight 0/0, Bacto yeast E click Stra 0.5 wt 0/0, Bacto peptone 0.5 wt 0/0, hydrogen phosphate disodium 0.27 weight 0/0, Kuen acid 0.115 wt%, and sulfate Maguneshiumu heptahydrate 0.1 wt%, and a method of using a pH 5.
- SH culture solution is added to the freeze-dried and preserved acetic acid bacteria strain, and the culture is allowed to stand still for one week (25-30 ° C).
- the bacterial cellulose thus produced is removed from the culture solution, and the bacteria remaining in the bacterial cellulose are removed.
- Examples of the method include water washing or alkali treatment.
- an alkali treatment for dissolving and removing bacteria there is a method in which bacterial cellulose taken out of a culture solution is poured into an aqueous solution of about 0.01 to 10% by weight for 1 hour or more. In the case of alkali treatment, take out the bacterial cellulose from the alkali treatment solution, thoroughly wash with water, and remove the alkali treatment solution.
- the method of removing water is not particularly limited, but a method in which water is first drained to some extent by leaving or cold pressing and then left as it is, or a method of completely removing remaining water by hot pressing or the like, After the cold press method, a method of removing water by drying in a dryer or drying naturally is used.
- the above-mentioned leaving as a method of draining water to some extent is a method of gradually evaporating water over time.
- the cold press is a method of extracting water by applying pressure without applying heat, and can squeeze out a certain amount of water.
- the pressure in this cold press is preferably from 0.01 to 10 MPa, and 0.1 to 3 MPa is more preferable. If the pressure is lower than 0. OlMPa, the residual amount of water tends to increase. If the pressure is higher than lOMPa, the obtained bacterial cellulose may be destroyed.
- the temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably room temperature for convenience of operation.
- the hot press is a method of extracting water by applying pressure while applying heat. Thus, the remaining water can be completely removed.
- the pressure in this hot press is preferably 0.01 to 1 lPa and 0.2 to 3 MPa is more preferable. If the pressure is lower than 0. OlMPa, it may not be possible to remove water, and if it is higher than lOMPa, the resulting bacterial cellulose may be destroyed.
- the temperature is 100-300 ° C is preferred. 110 200 ° C power is more preferable than S. If the temperature is lower than 100 ° C, it takes time to remove water, and if the temperature is higher than 300 ° C, decomposition of the battery may occur.
- the drying temperature of the dryer is preferably 100 to 300 ° C, more preferably 110 to 200 ° C. If the drying temperature is lower than 100 ° C, water may not be removed in some cases. If the drying temperature is higher than 300 ° C, decomposition of cellulose fibers may occur.
- the bacterial cellulose thus obtained has a force which varies depending on its culturing conditions and the subsequent pressurizing and heating conditions for removing water, etc.
- the bulk density is about 1.1 to 1.3 kg / m 3
- It has a sheet shape of about 40-60 ⁇ m (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “BC sheet”).
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention can be produced by impregnating one BC sheet or a plurality of stacked BC sheets with an impregnating liquid material capable of forming a matrix material. .
- the bacterial cellulose used in the present invention has a gas permeability of 8000 sec / cm, measured according to the method specified in JIS P 8117, for a sheet having a bulk density of 1.2 kg / m 3 and a thickness of 40 ⁇ m. It is preferably at least 100 cc, particularly at least 10000 sec / 100 cc, especially at least 15000 secZl00 cc.
- the BC sheet having such air permeability enhances the transparency of the fiber-reinforced composite material.
- the bacterial cellulose used in the present invention has a three-dimensional cross structure because it has not been deflocculated in this manner (hereinafter, a bacterial cellulose having a three-dimensional cross structure is referred to as a "three-dimensional cross bacterial cellulose"). Structure).)
- This “three-dimensional cross bacterial cellulose structure” refers to “an object that can be treated as a single structure in a bulky state due to a three-dimensional cross structure of bacterial cellulose”. In other words, it is formed by culturing a cellulose fiber producing bacterium in a culture solution as described above.
- This state refers to a state in which the cellulose moves around at random while producing (discharging) the cellulose, resulting in a structure in which the cellulose intersects in a complicated (three-dimensional) manner. This complex crossing is a more complicated crossing due to the splitting of bacteria and the divergence of cellulose.
- Such a three-dimensional crossed bacterial cellulose structure is formed according to the shape when cultured in an appropriate shape, for example, a film shape, a plate shape, a block shape, a predetermined shape (for example, a lens shape) or the like. You. Therefore, a three-dimensional crossed bacterial cellulose structure having an arbitrary shape can be obtained according to the purpose.
- the three-dimensional crossed bacterial cellulose structure is then subjected to an alkali treatment for removing bacteria or a washing treatment with water, as described above.
- the former intersection is not released. It has also been confirmed that the three-dimensional crossing state is maintained even when the water content is removed by compressing the three-dimensional crossing bacterial cellulose structure.
- the strength, transparency, and the like of the composite material are particularly effectively exhibited when the three-dimensional cross structure is maintained. Since the bacterial cellulose has a three-dimensional crossed bacterial cellulose structure, high air permeability can be obtained as described above.
- a process called dissociation treatment, fibrillation treatment, or the like that is, grinding the three-dimensional crossed bacterial cellulosic structure with a mortar and pestle, a mortar, a mill, or the like is used.
- the three-dimensional intersection structure described above is broken
- the cellulose fibers are broken and torn short, and the short fibers are aggregated (agglomerated) in the shape of a pill or a film, which is completely different from a three-dimensional cross-linked bacterial cellulose structure composed of nano-sized (nano-order) cellulose fibers. It has been confirmed that they have different properties and forms.
- the fiber is preferably a force S using bacterial cellulose as described above, seaweed or sea squirt encrustation, plant cell wall, etc., treated by beating, crushing or the like; Cellulosic fiber which has been treated, treated with phosphate, etc., may be used.
- pulp or the like is treated with a high-pressure homogenizer to produce microfibrils having an average fiber diameter of about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
- Cellulose fiber hereinafter abbreviated as “MFC”
- MFC Cellulose fiber
- the ability to obtain nano-order MFC hereinafter abbreviated as “Nano MFC”. This Nano MFC is made into a water suspension of about 0.01-1% by weight, which is filtered to form a sheet.
- the above-mentioned grinding and grinding can be performed, for example, using a grinder "Pure Fine Mill” manufactured by Kurita Machinery Works.
- This grinder is a stone mill type crusher that crushes the raw material into ultra-fine particles by the impact, centrifugal force, and shear force generated when the raw material passes through the gap between the upper and lower grinders. Grinding, atomization, dispersion, emulsification, and fibrillation can be performed simultaneously. Grinding and crushing can also be carried out using a super-fine particle grinder “Super Masco Mouth Ider” manufactured by Masuko Sangyo Co., Ltd. Super Masco Mouth Ider is a grinding machine that enables ultra-fine atomization that makes it feel like melting beyond the mere crushing zone.
- the Super Masco Mouth Idder is a millstone-type ultrafine grinding machine composed of two non-porous grinding wheels, one above the other, which can adjust the spacing freely.
- the upper grinding wheel is fixed and the lower grinding wheel rotates at high speed.
- the raw material put into the hopper is sent to the gap between the upper and lower whetstones by centrifugal force, where the strong compression
- the raw material is gradually crushed by the frictional force such as shearing, rolling force and the like, and is super-micronized.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure steam treatment is a treatment method of exposing plant cell walls from which lignin and the like have been removed, or seaweed and sea squirt capsules to high-temperature and high-pressure steam to separate fibers to obtain cellulose fibers.
- the treatment using a phosphate or the like means that the surface of seaweed, sea squirt encrustation, plant cell wall, and the like is phosphorylated to weaken the bonding force between cellulose fibers, and then refiner treatment is performed. Is carried out to separate the fibers and obtain a cellulose fiber. Immerse the plant cell wall, seaweed and sea squirt capsules from which lignin etc. has been removed in a solution containing 50% by weight of urea and 32% by weight of phosphoric acid, and sufficiently infiltrate the solution between cellulose fibers at 60 ° C. After heating, heat at 180 ° C to proceed with phosphorylation.
- the fibers used in the present invention may be those obtained by chemically and / or physically modifying such cellulose fibers to enhance their functionality.
- the chemical modification includes adding a functional group by acetylation, cyanoethylation, acetalization, etherification, isocyanation, or the like, or complexing inorganic substances such as silicate titanate by a chemical reaction, a sol-gel method, or the like. And coating.
- a chemical modification method for example, a method of immersing a BC sheet (even a Nano MFC sheet even if it is a Nano MFC sheet) in acetic anhydride and heating, as shown in Example 5 described later, may be mentioned.
- the physical modification involves applying a metal or ceramic material to the surface by physical vapor deposition (PVD) such as vacuum evaporation, ion plating, or sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), or plating such as electroless plating or electrolytic plating. Coating.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- plating such as electroless plating or electrolytic plating.
- the content of fibers in the fiber-reinforced composite material is 10% by weight or more, particularly 30% by weight or more. It is more preferably 50% by weight or more, preferably 99% by weight or less, particularly preferably 95% by weight or less. If the content of the fiber in the fiber-reinforced composite material is too small, the effect of improving the bending strength and the bending elastic modulus by the fiber such as cellulose fiber or the effect of reducing the coefficient of linear thermal expansion tends to be insufficient. Adhesion between fibers by the matrix material or filling of spaces between fibers may not be sufficient, and strength, transparency, and surface flatness may be reduced.
- the matrix material of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is preferably one or more of an organic polymer, an inorganic polymer, and a hybrid polymer of an organic polymer and an inorganic polymer.
- matrix materials suitable for the present invention are illustrated below, but the matrix materials used in the present invention are not limited to the following.
- the inorganic polymer of the matrix material may be a ceramic such as a glass, a silicate material, a titanate material, or the like, which can be formed, for example, by a dehydration condensation reaction of an alcoholate.
- the organic polymer may be a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer.
- the natural polymer may be a regenerated cellulosic polymer, for example, cellophane, triacetyl cellulose or the like.
- the synthetic polymer may be a bullet resin, a polycondensation resin, a polyaddition resin, an addition condensation resin, a ring-opening polymerization resin, or the like.
- Examples of the vinyl resin include general-purpose resins such as polyolefin, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, fluororesin, (meth) acrylic resin, engineering plastics obtained by vinyl polymerization, super engineering plastics, and the like. It may be. These may be a homopolymer or a copolymer of each monomer constituting each resin.
- the polyolefin is a homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene, propylene, styrene, butadiene, butene, isoprene, chloroprene, isobutylene, isoprene, etc., or a cyclic polyolefin having a norbornene skeleton. Is also good.
- the vinyl chloride resin may be a homopolymer or a copolymer such as vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride.
- the vinyl acetate-based resin is obtained by reacting formaldehyde n_butyraldehyde with polyvinyl acetate, which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, which is a hydrolyzate of polyvinyl acetate, and vinyl acetate.
- polybutyl butyral obtained by reacting polybutyl acetal, polybutyl alcohol, butyraldehyde, or the like.
- the fluororesin may be a homopolymer or copolymer such as tetrachloroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorofluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, butyl fluoride, or perfluoroalkyl butyl ether. .
- the (meth) acrylic resin may be a homopolymer or a copolymer of (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylonitrile, (meth) atalylic acid ester, (meth) acrylamides, and the like.
- (Meth) acryl means “acryl and / or methacryl”.
- (meth) acrylic acid includes acrylic acid or methacrylic acid.
- Examples of (meth) acrylonitrile include acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
- Examples of (meth) acrylic acid esters include (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters, (meth) acrylic acid-based monomers having a cycloalkyl group, and (meth) acrylic acid alkoxyalkyl esters.
- Examples of the alkyl (meth) acrylate include methyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, and silicone (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of the (meth) acrylic acid-based monomer having a cycloalkyl group include cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate and isobornyl (meth) acrylate.
- Examples of the alkoxyalkyl (meth) acrylate include 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2_ethoxyxyl (meth) acrylate, and 2_butoxyethyl (meth) acrylate.
- (Meth) acrylamides include (meth) acrylamide, N-methyl (meth) acrylamide, N-ethyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-meth) acrylamide, N_t_octinole (meth) acrylamide, and other N-substituted (meth) acrylamides. ) Atalinoleamide and the like.
- the polycondensation resin may be an amide resin, polycarbonate, or the like.
- the amide resins described above are 6, 6-nylon, 6-nylon, 11-nylon, 12-nylon, Aliphatic amide resins such as 6-nylon, 6,10-nylon, 6,12-nylon, aromatic diamines such as fuyrendiamine and aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as terephthaloyl chloride / isophthaloyl chloride or aromatics derived from them Polyamide or the like may be used.
- the above-mentioned polycarbonate refers to a reaction product of bisphenol A or a bisphenol, which is a derivative thereof, with phosgene or phenyl dicarbonate.
- Examples of the polyaddition resin include an ester resin, a U polymer, a liquid crystal polymer, a polyether ketone, a polyether ether ketone, an unsaturated polyester, an alkyd resin, a polyimide resin, a polysulfone, a polyphenylene sulfide, and a polyether sulfone. May be
- the ester resin may be an aromatic polyester, an aliphatic polyester, an unsaturated polyester, or the like.
- the aromatic polyester may be a copolymer of diols described below such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and 1,4-butanediol with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as terephthalic acid.
- the aliphatic polyester may be a copolymer of a diol described below with an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as succinic acid or valeric acid, a homopolymer or a copolymer of a hydroxycarboxylic acid such as glyconoleic acid or lactic acid, or the diol described above.
- the unsaturated polyester may be a copolymer with a diol described below, an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid such as maleic anhydride, and, if necessary, a vinyl monomer such as styrene.
- the U polymer may be a copolymer composed of bisphenol A and its derivatives bisphenols, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and the like.
- the liquid crystal polymer is a copolymer of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, p, p'-dioxydiphenol, ⁇ -hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid, ethylene polyterephthalate, and the like.
- the polyether ketone may be a homopolymer or a copolymer such as 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone or 4,4'-dihydrobenzophenone.
- the polyetheretherketone may be a copolymer such as 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone and quinone at a hide opening.
- the alkyd resin may be a copolymer comprising a higher fatty acid such as stearic acid and palmitic acid, a dibasic acid such as phthalic anhydride, and a polyol such as glycerin.
- the polysulfone may be a copolymer such as 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and bisphenol A.
- the polyphenylene sulfide may be a copolymer such as p-dichlorobenzene or sodium sulfide.
- the polyether sulfone may be a polymer of 4-chloro-4'-hydroxydiphenyl sulfone.
- the above-mentioned polyimide resin is a copolymer such as polymellitic anhydride ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether or the like. Trimellitic acid-type polyimide, biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 4,4, -diaminodiphenylether, p-phenylenediamine, which is a copolymer composed of diamine or a diisocyanate aldehyde compound described below.
- Biphenyl-type polyimides composed of: benzophenone-type polyimides composed of benzophenonetetracarbonic acid and 4,4, diaminodiphenyl ether, etc., and bismaleimides composed of 4,4,1-diaminodiphenylmethane Mold polyimide may be used.
- the polyaddition resin may be a urethane resin or the like.
- the urethane resin is a copolymer of diisocyanates and diols.
- the diisocyanates include dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 1,3-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, and 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate. Cyanate, 2,4_tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6_tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4, -diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4, -diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2 , Diphenyl methane diisocyanate, etc.
- the diols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3_propanediol, 1,3_butanediol, 1,4_butanediol, 1,5_pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5_pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, polyethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, etc.
- Diol having a relatively low molecular weight polyester diol, polyether diol, polycarbonate diol and the like.
- the addition condensation resin may be a phenol resin, a urea resin, a melamine resin, or the like.
- the phenolic resin may be a homopolymer or a copolymer such as phenol, cresol, resorcinol, fuyurphenol, bisphenol A and bisphenol F.
- the urea resin and melamine resin are prepared from a copolymer of formaldehyde, urea, melamine and the like.
- the ring-opening polymerization resin may be a polyalkylene oxide, polyacetal, epoxy resin, or the like.
- the polyalkylene oxide may be a homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and the like.
- the polyacetal may be a copolymer of trioxane, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide and the like.
- the epoxy resin may be an aliphatic epoxy resin comprising a polyhydric alcohol such as ethylene glycol and epichlorohydrin, or an aliphatic epoxy resin comprising bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. Good.
- an amorphous synthetic polymer having a high glass transition temperature is particularly useful for obtaining a highly durable fiber-reinforced composite material having excellent transparency.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- those having a degree of crystallinity of 10% or less, particularly 5% or less are preferred as the degree of amorphousness.
- Tg is 110 ° C or more, particularly 120 ° C or more, particularly 130 ° C or more. C. or higher is preferred.
- Tg is determined by measurement by the DSC method, and the crystallinity is determined by a density method that calculates the crystallinity from the densities of the amorphous part and the crystalline part.
- preferable transparent matrix resins include acrylic resins, metharyl resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, phenol resins, melamine resins, novolak resins, urea resins, guanamine resins, alkyd resins, and unsaturated polyester resins.
- Butyl ester resin, diaryl phthalate resin, silicone resin, furan resin, ketone resin, xylene resin examples thereof include thermosetting resins such as thermosetting polyimide, styrylpyridine-based resin, and triazine-based resin, and among these, acrylic resins and methacrylic resins having particularly high transparency are preferable.
- These matrix materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the fibers are impregnated with a liquid material for impregnation capable of forming a matrix material as described above, and then the liquid material for impregnation is cured.
- the liquid material for impregnation includes a fluid matrix material, a fluid matrix material material, a fluid material obtained by fluidizing the matrix material, a fluid material obtained by fluidizing the matrix material, and a matrix.
- a solution of the material, a solution of the raw material of the matrix material, and at least one selected from the following can be used.
- the fluid matrix material refers to a material in which the matrix material itself is fluid.
- examples of the raw material of the fluid matrix material include polymerization intermediates such as prepolymer oligomers.
- Examples of the fluidized material obtained by fluidizing the matrix material include a material obtained by heating and melting a thermoplastic matrix material.
- Examples of the fluidized material obtained by fluidizing the raw material of the matrix material include, when a polymer intermediate such as a prepolymer or an oligomer is in a solid state, a material obtained by heating and melting the polymer.
- Examples of the solution of the matrix material and the solution of the raw material of the matrix material include a solution in which the matrix material and the raw material of the matrix material are dissolved in a solvent or the like. This solvent is appropriately determined according to the matrix material to be dissolved and the raw material of the matrix material. However, when removing the solvent in a later step by evaporation, the matrix material or the raw material of the matrix material is decomposed. A solvent having a boiling point not higher than the temperature at which the solvent is not generated is preferred.
- Such an impregnating liquid is impregnated into an aggregate of fibers, preferably a single-layered body of the above-described BC sheet, or a laminated body obtained by laminating a plurality of BC sheets, and the impregnating liquid is interposed between fibers. Fully. This impregnation step is performed partially or entirely with the pressure changed. Is preferred. As a method of changing the pressure, reduced pressure or increased pressure can be used. When the pressure is reduced or increased, it is easy to replace the air existing between the fibers with the liquid material for impregnation, and it is possible to prevent bubbles from remaining.
- 0.133 kPa (lmmHg) 93.3 kPa (700 mmHg) force S is preferable. If the decompression condition is greater than 93.3 kPa (700 mmHg), the removal of air will be insufficient and air may remain between fibers.
- the pressure reduction condition may be lower than 0.133 kPa (lm mHg), but the pressure reduction equipment tends to be too large.
- the treatment temperature in the impregnation step under reduced pressure conditions is preferably 0 ° C or higher, more preferably 10 ° C or higher. If this temperature is lower than 0 ° C, air may not be sufficiently removed, and air may remain between fibers.
- the upper limit of the temperature is preferably the boiling point of the solvent (the boiling point under the reduced pressure conditions). When the temperature is higher than this temperature, the volatilization of the solvent becomes intense, and on the contrary, bubbles tend to remain.
- 1.1-lOMPa is preferable. If the pressurization condition is lower than 1. IMPa, air removal will be insufficient and air may remain between fibers. The pressurizing condition may be higher than lOMPa, but the pressurizing equipment tends to be too large.
- the treatment temperature in the impregnation step under pressurized conditions is preferably 0 to 300 ° C, more preferably 10 to 100 ° C. If this temperature is lower than 0 ° C, air may not be sufficiently removed, and air may remain between fibers. If the temperature is higher than 300 ° C, the matrix material may be denatured.
- the liquid material for impregnation is a fluid matrix material
- it can be cured by a crosslinking reaction, a chain extension reaction, or the like.
- the liquid material for impregnation is a raw material of a fluid matrix material, it can be cured by a polymerization reaction, a crosslinking reaction, a chain extension reaction, or the like.
- the liquid material for impregnation is a fluidized material obtained by fluidizing a matrix material
- it can be cured by cooling or the like.
- the liquid material for impregnation is a fluidized material obtained by fluidizing a raw material of a matrix material
- the material can be cured by a combination of cooling and the like, a polymerization reaction, a crosslinking reaction, a chain extension reaction, and the like.
- the liquid material for impregnation is a solution of a matrix material
- it can be cured by evaporation of the solvent in the solution or removal by air drying or the like.
- the liquid for impregnation is a solution of the raw material of the matrix material
- the above-mentioned evaporation removal includes not only evaporation removal under normal pressure but also evaporation removal under reduced pressure.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention thus obtained has a visible light transmittance of 50 ⁇ m thickness of 60% or more, preferably 65% or more, more preferably 70% or more, and further preferably 80 ° / ⁇ or more, most preferably 90% or more. If the fiber reinforced composite material has a visible light transmittance of 50 xm thickness of less than S60%, it becomes translucent or opaque, and the object of the present invention cannot be achieved, and window materials, displays, and houses for vehicles such as automobiles, trains, ships, etc. It may be difficult to use in applications that require transparency, such as buildings, buildings, and various optical components.
- Fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention a coefficient of linear thermal expansion, preferably 0. 05 X 10- 5 - a 5 X 1 05 K- 1, more preferably ⁇ or 0. 2 X 10- 5 is an 2 X 10- 5 ⁇ _1, particularly preferably ⁇ or 0. 3 X 1 0- 5 - a 1 X 10- 5 ⁇ - 1.
- Linear thermal expansion coefficient of the fiber-reinforced composite material 0. 05 X 10- - may be less than 1, but considering the linear thermal expansion coefficient such as cellulose fibers, it may realize difficult.
- the coefficient of linear thermal expansion force 3 ⁇ 4 chi 10- - larger than 1 contact Razz fiber reinforcing effect is expressed, the difference between the linear thermal expansion coefficient between glass and metal material, the ambient temperature, with the window material Deflection or distortion may occur, or imaging performance or refractive index of optical components may be deviated.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention has a bending strength of preferably 30 MPa or more, more preferably l OOMPa or more. If the bending strength is less than 30 MPa, sufficient strength may not be obtained, which may affect the use in applications where a force is applied such as a structural material. With regard to the upper limit of the bending strength, it is expected that a high bending strength of about 1 GPa, or even about 1.5 GPa, can be realized by an improved method such as adjusting the orientation of the force fiber which is usually about 600 MPa.
- the fiber reinforced composite material according to the present invention preferably has a flexural modulus of 0.1-l OOGPa, and more preferably, has a flexural modulus of 140 GPa. If the flexural modulus is less than 0.1 GPa, sufficient strength may not be obtained, which may affect the use in applications where force is applied, such as structural materials. Flexural modulus greater than 1 OOGPa is difficult to achieve.
- the specific gravity of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is preferably 1.0 to 2.5. More specifically, as a matrix material, a silica-based compound such as glass, a titanate compound, When a porous material is used even if an organic polymer other than an inorganic polymer such as mina or an inorganic polymer is used, the specific gravity of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is 1.0 to 1.8. Preferred 1. 2 1.5 is more preferred 1. 3-1.4 is more preferred. Since the specific gravity of matrix materials other than glass is generally less than 1.6 and the specific gravity of cellulose fibers is around 1.5, if the specific gravity is to be smaller than 1.0, the content of cellulose fibers etc. And the strength improvement by cellulose fibers and the like tends to be insufficient. On the other hand, if the specific gravity is greater than 1.8
- the weight of the obtained fiber-reinforced composite material is increased, and it is disadvantageous to use it for an application aiming at light weight as compared with the glass fiber-reinforced material.
- the specific gravity of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is 1 5-2. 5 force S is preferred, and 1.8-2.2 is more preferred. Since the specific gravity of glass is generally 2.5 or more, and the specific gravity of cellulose fibers is around 1.5, if the specific gravity is set to be higher than 2.5, the content of cellulose fibers and the like will decrease. There is a tendency that the strength improvement by cellulose fibers or the like becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if the specific gravity is smaller than 1.5, the filling of voids between fibers may be insufficient.
- the linear thermal expansion coefficient is a linear thermal expansion coefficient when the temperature of the fiber-reinforced composite material is raised from 50 ° C to 150 ° C, and is measured under the conditions specified in ASTM D696. Value.
- the bending strength is a value measured according to the method specified in JIS K 7203.
- the specific gravity of a fiber-reinforced composite material can be determined by measuring the mass per unit volume at 20 ° C, calculating the density, and converting from the density of water (1.004 g / cm 3 (20 ° C)). it can.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention is excellent in transparency and the like, and has various excellent functions by compounding a fiber and a matrix material. It can be suitably used for various applications.
- the transparent laminate of the present invention is obtained by forming a transparent conductive film on the surface of such a substrate made of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention.
- the transparent conductive film according to the present invention functions as a transparent conductive wiring by being patterned, for example, in a liquid crystal element, electronic paper, or a touch panel. Also for organic EL devices In this case, it functions as a transparent conductive wiring and an anode of an electorifice luminescence element.
- tin-added indium oxide (commonly called “ITO”), aluminum-added zinc oxide (commonly called “ ⁇ ”), and indium-added A composite oxide thin film such as zinc oxide (commonly referred to as “ ⁇ ⁇ ”) is preferably used.
- ITO indium oxide
- ⁇ aluminum-added zinc oxide
- ⁇ ⁇ indium-added A composite oxide thin film such as zinc oxide
- IT ⁇ when IT ⁇ is applied, a substrate with a high Tg that can withstand such heat treatment is suitable. Since IZO has a high degree of amorphousness and a low resistance value even at around room temperature, it is also suitable for resin substrates having a low Tg.
- the transparent conductive film is formed by a vacuum film forming process such as evaporation or sputtering.
- the transparent conductive film can also be formed by a coating method. For example, it can be formed by preparing a coating solution in which ITO or ATO particles are dispersed in a conductive binder or the like, and applying this to a fiber-reinforced composite material base material, followed by heat treatment. can do.
- the preferred lower limit of the light transmittance is 60%, and more preferably 70%.
- the electrical resistance of the transparent conductive film is preferably as small as possible as the sheet resistance value of the transparent conductive wiring, but is usually 1100 ⁇ / port, and the upper limit is preferably 70 ⁇ / port, more preferably. Preferably it is 50 ⁇ / mouth. ⁇ / port is a unit indicating the sheet resistance per 1 cm 2 .
- the required power for position detection accuracy which is not limited in this range is usually about 200 to 600 ⁇ / ⁇ and about 300 500 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the thickness of the transparent conductive film is usually in the range of 0.01 to 10 zm, as long as the light transmittance and the sheet resistance described above are satisfied. 0.03 zm (30 nm) is more preferred. 0.05 ⁇ m (50 nm) is more preferred. From the viewpoint of light transmittance, the upper limit is preferably: m force, more preferably 0.5 zm.
- This transparent conductive film is usually formed on one plate surface of the fiber-reinforced composite material base material, and may be formed on both plate surfaces depending on the application.
- the transparent laminate of the present invention in which a transparent conductive film is formed on a substrate made of a fiber-reinforced composite material, The transparent conductive film is subjected to pattern etching according to the method described above to form circuits, switches, electrodes and the like having a desired shape, and then used.
- the transparent laminate of the present invention having such a transparent conductive film formed, has a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm in the thickness direction regardless of the thickness of the transparent conductive film and the substrate made of the fiber-reinforced composite material.
- the average value of light transmittance in all wavelength ranges is 60% or more, especially 70%.
- % Or more particularly preferably 80% or more.
- the wiring board of the present invention is manufactured by forming a wiring circuit on a transparent substrate manufactured by using the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention in accordance with a conventional method.
- the wiring circuit may be formed, for example, by the force of pressing a foil of a metal such as copper, silver, gold, aluminum, magnesium, and tantalum or an alloy thereof on a transparent substrate, or by depositing or sputtering such a metal or alloy film. Can be formed by subjecting it to a predetermined circuit shape by etching according to a conventional method.
- the wiring board of the present invention may be a multilayer wiring board in which a plurality of transparent substrates on which wiring circuits are formed are laminated, and a through hole for conducting the front and back surfaces of the transparent substrate is provided in the transparent substrate. Can also be formed.
- the transparent substrate of the wiring substrate of the present invention has a visible light transmittance of 50 ⁇ m thickness of 60% or more, preferably 65. / 0 or more, more preferably 70. / ⁇ or more, more preferably 80% or more, and most preferably 90
- the fiber-reinforced composite material has low thermal expansion, high strength and high elasticity, and thus has the following features.
- the conventional substrate is opaque, and it is impossible to finely adjust (trim) the capacitance of a device having a built-in passive element from the outside. For this reason, once it was created, it was necessary to sort out good and defective products.
- the transparent substrate made of the fiber-reinforced composite material according to the present invention is transparent, the position of the built-in passive element can be confirmed from the outside, and trimming can be performed from the outside using a laser or the like. . As a result, fine adjustment can be made according to the characteristics after creation, and the yield can be increased.
- a conventional general substrate is a combination of resin and glass cloth, and has a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 15%.
- the semiconductor chip (silicon) is 3 X 10- 6 4 X 10_ 6 ⁇ ⁇ a, when mounting the chip directly, filling the underfill agent for alleviating thermal stress due to a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the transparent substrate made of the fiber-reinforced composite material according to the present invention has a low coefficient of thermal expansion of about 1Z60, which is a coefficient of thermal expansion of glass, and has characteristics close to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the chip. No thermal stress issues due to differential expansion
- High strength for example, bending strength of about 460 MPa
- High elastic modulus for example, bending elastic modulus of about 30 Gpa and about twice that of glass
- the conventional substrate is made thin, the warpage becomes large in a single-sided molded package that does not have sufficient rigidity, and there is a problem in reliability and the like.
- the elastic modulus of the fiber-reinforced composite material transparent substrate according to the present invention is low. Since it is much higher than glass, it has extremely high rigidity even on a thin substrate, and can be extremely reduced in warpage even when applied to a single-sided molded package.
- the wiring board of the present invention is expected to be applied to a wiring board for mounting a semiconductor, particularly to a field of a flip-chip type package and a passive element embedding technology which are required in the future.
- the optical waveguide of the present invention has a core preferably formed directly on a transparent substrate made of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention, and if necessary, a clad that covers the core.
- FIGS. 14a to 14e are cross-sectional views (cross-sections orthogonal to the traveling direction of light) showing an embodiment of the optical waveguide of the present invention.
- the structure of the optical waveguide of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- a slab-type optical waveguide 10A having a slab-type core 2A provided on a transparent substrate 1 made of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention A ridge (rib) type optical waveguide 10B having a ridge (rib) core 2B provided on a transparent substrate 1 made of the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention as shown in FIG. 14b, and such a ridge as shown in FIG. 14c Embedded optical waveguide 2C with cladding 3 covering core 2B Power S. Further, as shown in FIG.
- An optical waveguide 10E having a double-sided (front and back surface) laminated structure provided with 2B and clad 3 can be used.
- Such an optical waveguide is subjected to, for example, a cutting process as shown in Figs. 15a and 15e or a grating as shown in Figs. 15f and 15g in order to emit or enter light.
- 15a to 15f 1 is a transparent substrate
- 2 is a core
- 3 is a clad
- L indicates an optical signal.
- FIGS. 15a to 15e show cross sections along the light traveling direction of the optical waveguide. In this figure, notches indicating the cross sections are omitted in order to show the traveling directions of optical signals.
- the optical waveguide 10F of Fig. 15a reflects the light traveling direction to the transparent substrate 1 side (back side) by 90 ° by forming a 45 ° inclined surface 10f at the tip of the optical waveguide in the light traveling direction. That is what it does.
- the optical waveguide 10G shown in FIG. 15B reflects the traveling direction of light (180-2 °) ° toward the transparent substrate 1 by forming a similar inclined surface 10g (however, the inclination angle ⁇ °).
- the optical waveguide 10H in FIG. 15c reflects light from both directions to the transparent substrate 1 by forming a V-shaped groove 10h in the middle of the optical waveguide.
- the optical waveguide 10J in FIG. 15e reflects two lights by 90 ° by forming a 45 ° inclined surface 10j in the optical waveguide 10E having the double-sided laminated structure described above.
- the optical waveguide 10K shown in FIG. 15F has a grating portion 2a having a periodically changing refractive index formed on the core 2 (or a cladding portion near the core 2).
- the optical waveguide 10L shown in FIG. A grating portion 2b having periodic irregularities is formed on the surface of the substrate.
- the effective refractive index of the core 2 is ⁇
- the refractive index of the medium to be radiated is ⁇
- the wave number of the light propagating through the core 2 is k
- the period of the grating is ⁇
- q is an integer. (0, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ), ⁇ If there is an integer q that satisfies
- optical waveguide of the present invention as described above, by using a transparent substrate made of fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention as a substrate, the low thermal expansion (coefficient of linear thermal expansion 0. 05 X 10- 5 - 5 X 10 "3 ⁇ 4 _1 ) and high light transmittance (50 ⁇ m thick visible light transmittance of 60% or more), the following excellent effects are achieved when mounting an optical waveguide.
- the light in the core 2 is transmitted through the transparent substrate 1 by the method shown in FIGS.
- the transmitted light is incident on the core 2, the light can be transmitted with a high light transmittance into the transparent substrate 1, and the attenuation of the light amount due to the transmission through the transparent substrate 1 can be suppressed.
- the tapered optical waveguide 10F provided with the inclined surface 10f as shown in FIG. 15a is connected to an LD (Laser Diode) module as a transmitting unit and a PD (Photo Diode) as a receiving unit as shown in FIG. 16a.
- LD Laser Diode
- PD Photo Diode
- the substrate 1 of the optical waveguide 10F extends in the plane direction due to thermal expansion due to temperature change, and passes through the core 2 when the position shown by the broken line in FIG.
- the light reflected by the inclined surface 10f does not enter the position of the PD, and the light from the LD is reflected by the inclined surface 10f and cannot enter the core 2.
- a grating type optical waveguide 10L having a periodic uneven portion 2b formed on the surface of the core 2 as shown in Fig. 15g is connected to an LD (Laser Diode) module serving as a transmission unit as shown in Fig. 16b.
- LD Laser Diode
- the substrate 1 of the optical waveguide 10L extends in the plane direction due to thermal expansion due to temperature change, and the broken line in FIG.
- the light passes through the core 2 and exits at The light does not enter the position of the PD, and the light from the LD is reflected by the uneven portion 2b and cannot enter the core 2.
- Such displacement of the optical waveguide due to thermal expansion of the transparent substrate was not a problem with a silicon substrate, a quartz glass substrate, or the like.
- plastic substrates having low thermal expansion are not provided. This is why plastic substrates have various advantages such as light weight, low cost, excellent impact resistance, and excellent workability.
- the fiber-reinforced composite material of the present invention having low thermal expansion is used as a transparent substrate material of an optical waveguide, so that a resin-based material is used as a transparent substrate, and then mounting is performed.
- the density was determined by measuring the mass per unit volume of Sampnolet, and the specific gravity was calculated from the density of water (1.004 gZcm 3 (20 ° C)).
- Hitachi High-Technologies UV-4100 Spectrometer Solid Sample Measurement System
- the measurement sample was measured at a position 22 cm away from the opening of the integrating sphere. By placing the sample at this position, the diffuse transmitted light is removed, and only the linearly transmitted light reaches the light receiving section inside the integrating sphere.
- 'Light source tungsten lamp, deuterium lamp
- Nocteria cellulose hydrous bacterial cellulose was frozen with liquid nitrogen and dried under reduced pressure.
- Disintegrated bacterial cellulose The grinder-treated suspension prepared in Production Example 2 was made into a 0.02% by weight suspension, and the suspension was frozen with liquid nitrogen and dried under reduced pressure.
- Each of the freeze-dried samples was subjected to gold deposition (deposited film thickness: several nm), and observed with an electron microscope under the following conditions.
- Measuring device JEOL 5310 (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.)
- the measurement was performed under the following measurement conditions in accordance with the method specified in ASTM D696 using “TMA / SS6100” manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.
- Heating temperature 50 150 ° C
- a sample with a width of 8 mm and a length of 5 mm was prepared from a material with a thickness of about lmm, and measured by three-point bending according to the method specified in JIS K 7203.
- a sample having a width of 8 mm and a length of 5 mm was prepared from a material having a thickness of about lmm, and measured at a deformation rate of 5 mm / min according to the method specified in JIS K 7203.
- a BC sheet sample having a bulk density of 1.2 kg / m 3 and a thickness of 40 / im was measured according to the method specified in JIS P8117.
- the resistivity was measured by the 4-probe method CJIS R 1637) using a 4-probe probe ⁇ AS probe MC T-TP03 '' using Loresta manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation as a measuring device, and converted to specific resistance. .
- Cybernetics (USA)
- a binary image obtained by automatically binarizing the original image (automatic extraction, determining the value), and a horizontal direction (or a vertical direction orthogonal to this horizontal direction) Direction)
- an image in which white and black lines are arranged for each pixel (hereinafter referred to as a “striped pattern image”), and a product (AND) operation for each pixel is performed to generate a horizontal (or vertical) run-length image.
- Run length in the horizontal (or vertical) direction A histogram of the length of a line segment formed by continuously cutting out a bright region corresponding to the void region of the fiber assembly) was obtained, and was used as a scale representing “density of the image”. Specifically, the area (number of pixels) measured by Excel was multiplied by a calibration value, converted to a length (xm), and the average value was output. Further, a histogram in which the number histogram and the length weighting were performed was calculated.
- the culture solution was added to the freeze-dried and preserved acetic acid bacteria strain, and the mixture was allowed to stand still for one week (25 to 30 ° C).
- Bacterial cellulose formed on the surface of the culture solution was selected to have a relatively large thickness, and a small amount of the culture solution of the strain was collected and added to a new culture solution.
- the culture was placed in a large incubator and subjected to static culture at 25-30 ° C for 7-30 days.
- the culture medium glucose 2 weight 0/0, Bacto yeast E click Stora 0 - 5 wt 0/0, Bacto peptone 0 - 5 wt 0/0, disodium hydrogen phosphate 0.27 wt%, Taen acid 0.115
- An aqueous solution (SH medium) adjusted to pH 5.0 with hydrochloric acid was used, with the concentration being 0.1% by weight of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate.
- the bacterial cellulose produced in this manner is removed from the culture solution, boiled with a 2% by weight aqueous alkali solution for 2 hours, and then the bacterial cellulose is removed from the alkaline treatment solution, washed sufficiently with water, and the alkaline treatment solution is washed. Then, the bacteria in the bacterial cellulose were dissolved and removed. Next, the obtained hydrous bacterial cellulose (bacterial cellulose having a water content of 95-99% by weight) was hot-pressed at 120 ° C. and 2 MPa for 3 minutes, and a BC sheet (water content of 0% by weight) having a thickness of about 50 ⁇ was obtained. ). The physical properties and the like of this BC sheet are as shown in Table 1 below.
- the air permeability is a value measured by manufacturing a BC sheet having a thickness of 40 x m in the same manner as above.
- a scanning electron micrograph (SEM photograph) of the bacterial cellulose used for the measurement of air permeability ) was taken and image analysis was performed.As shown in FIG. 1, a fine network structure of bacterial cellulose having an average fiber diameter of 50 nm was formed in the region of 51 mm in vertical dimension and 65 ⁇ m in horizontal dimension as shown in FIG. It was confirmed to be a three-dimensional crossed bacterial cellulose structure.
- Production Example 2 Production of defibrated BC sheet
- Production Example 1 after bacterial cellulose was produced, it was disintegrated using a home cooking mixer to such an extent that grinder treatment was possible. Then, the bacterial cell mouth water suspension (1% by weight concentration) was subjected to a drier-drawing treatment repeatedly 30 times at a disk rotation speed of 1200 rpm. Thereafter, the suspension subjected to the grinder treatment was filtered with a glass filter, and the filtered material was completely removed with a hot press at a pressing pressure of 2 MPa and a temperature of 120 ° C to obtain a bulk density of 1.2 kg / m 3 and a thickness of 1.2 kg / m 3 . I got a 40 / im BC sheet. When the transmittance of this disaggregated BC sheet was measured, it was 4650 sec / 100 cc.
- the bacterial cellulose obtained in Production Example 1 and the disaggregated bacterial cellulose obtained in Production Example 2 were ⁇ 4.5 in the vertical and horizontal directions. A 5 x mRL ratio was determined.
- Fig. 3a shows an original image of bacterial cellulose
- Fig. 3b shows a binary image of bacterial cellulose.
- the run-length image of Fig. 3d was obtained by superimposing the stripe image of Fig. 3c on this binary image.
- Fig. 4a shows an original image of the disintegrated bacterial cellulose
- Fig. 4b shows a binary image of the disintegrated bacterial cellulose.
- the run-length image in Fig. 4d was obtained by superimposing the striped pattern image in Fig. 4c on this binary image.
- FIG. 5a is an enlarged view of FIG. 3b (a binary drawing of bacterial cellulose)
- FIG. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a cellulose run-length image
- FIG. 6a is an enlarged view of FIG. 4b (a binary image of a disintegrated bacterial cell)
- FIG. 6b is an enlarged view of FIG. 4d (a run-length image of disintegrated bacterial cellulose).
- Microfibrillated cellulose MFC (microfibrillated softwood kraft pulp (NBKP) by high-pressure homogenizer treatment, average fiber diameter: 1 ⁇ m) is sufficiently stirred in water to give a 1% by weight aqueous suspension. 7 kg of the liquid was prepared, and this aqueous suspension was brought into contact with a grinder (Kurita Machinery Seisakusho's “Pure Fine Mill KMG1-10”) from the center to the outside, rotating between the disks rotating at 1200 rpm while almost in contact with each other. 30 times (30pass) for passing through
- NNKP microfibrillated softwood kraft pulp
- Nano MFC (average fiber diameter: 60 nm) obtained by the grinder treatment was prepared in a 0.2% by weight aqueous suspension, and then filtered through a glass filter to form a film. This was dried at 55 ° C to obtain a Nano MFC sheet with a fiber content of about 70% and a thickness of 43 ⁇ m.
- Production example 4 Production of MFC sheet
- the BC sheet obtained in Production Example 1 was immersed in the resin shown in Table 3 under reduced pressure (0.08 MPa) for 12 hours.
- the removed sheet was irradiated with ultraviolet light for 8 minutes.
- the thermosetting type the sheet is air-dried for several hours and then heated and pressed at 150 ° C and 50 MPa for 10 minutes to cure.
- a resin composite BC sheet was obtained.
- the fiber content was determined by measuring the weight change before and after the resin composite.
- the Nano MFC sheet obtained in Production Example 3 was impregnated into acrylic resin B in the same manner as in Example 3 and cured by irradiation with ultraviolet light to obtain an acrylic resin composite Nano MFC sheet.
- the disintegrated BC sheet obtained in Production Example 2 was impregnated in acrylic resin B and cured by irradiation with ultraviolet light in the same manner as in Example 3, to obtain an acrylic resin impregnated disintegrated BC sheet.
- the thickness and fiber content of the obtained resin-impregnated and disaggregated BC sheet are as shown in Table 4.
- the MFC sheet obtained in Production Example 4 was impregnated with acrylic resin B in the same manner as in Example 3, and was cured by irradiation with ultraviolet light to obtain an acrylic resin-impregnated MFC sheet.
- the light transmittance was measured using the sheet shown in Table 4 below as a sample, the results are shown in FIGS. 8-10, and the 50 ⁇ thick visible light transmittance was calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.
- Table 4 also shows measurement results of specific gravity, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, bending strength, and flexural modulus of each resin composite sheet.
- FIG. 8 shows the light transmittance of various resin composite sheets using the same acrylic resin. From Fig. 8, the resin composite sheet using the BC sheet and Nano MFC sheet is the MFC sheet It can be seen that high transparency and transparency can be obtained by using a BC sheet, which has a higher light transmittance than a resin composite sheet using the same.
- Fig. 9 shows the light transmittance of the sheet before resin impregnation. From FIG. 9, it can be seen that the BC sheet, the MFC sheet, and the Nano MFC sheet are all opaque sheets before resin impregnation. In particular, even if the MFC is converted into nanofibers by grinder processing, both are opaque sheets before resin composite. However, when they are impregnated with resin, only the sheets (BC sheet and Nano MFC sheet) composed of nanofibers exhibit a visible light transmittance of 60% or more with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m or more and exhibit transparency.
- Fig. 10 shows the light transmittance of a resin composite BC sheet in which an acrylic resin or a phenol resin is combined with a BC sheet, and the light transmittance of a sheet containing only an acrylic resin. From FIG. 10, it can be seen that even when the BC sheet is composited with a resin, a resin composite BC sheet excellent in transparency with little decrease in light transmittance can be obtained.
- the resin composite BC sheet of the present invention in which a BC sheet with a ⁇ 4.5 / rnRL ratio of 30% or less is impregnated with a resin has a small decrease in light transmittance even when the BC sheet is compounded with the resin. In the range of most of the light wavelength (400-700 nm), the light transmittance is 60% or more, indicating that the resin composite BC sheet is excellent in transparency. On the other hand, if ⁇ 4.5 x mRL harmful IJ compound exceeds 30% and the resin is combined with the disintegrated BC sheet, sufficient transparency cannot be obtained.
- the specific gravity of the resin composite sheet of the present invention is 1.2-1.4, which is higher than the specific gravity of glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate or unsaturated polyester reinforced with glass fiber of 1.6-1.7. Thus, it is possible to achieve light weight dangling.
- linear thermal expansion coefficient of the resin composite sheet of the present invention is 6 X 10- 4
- the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the acrylic resin itself is 1. a 2 X 10- degree, by the fiber-reinforced composite material
- the linear thermal expansion coefficient could be reduced to 1Z20, well below the range expected from the additive properties of the matrix material and the fibers.
- applications requiring dimensional stability such as filters for displays, screens for projection televisions, large transparent plates such as frame materials for vehicles such as automobiles and trains, or large optical components, etc. Distortion due to ambient temperature It can be effectively used for applications where deformation is a problem.
- the resin composite sheet of the present invention has a light transmittance of 60% or more in the range of most of the wavelength of visible light (400 to 700 nm) and is transparent. On the other hand, if the MFC sheet or the defibrated BC sheet is impregnated with resin, good transparency cannot be obtained.
- the resin composite sheet of the present invention is also excellent in flexural strength and flexural modulus.
- the thermal conductivity of the acrylic resin composite BC sheet obtained above was measured, and compared with the thermal conductivity of the base acrylic resin sheet material.
- the thermal conductivity measurement method was the photo-current method, and the in-plane thermal conductivity was measured. as a result,
- Base acrylic resin sheet material only: 0.3W / mK (in plane)
- thermal conductivity lW / mK is equivalent to that of quartz glass, and is at least three times that of ordinary transparent resin materials.
- the in-plane thermal conductivity of a general-purpose polyimide film is 0.6 W / mK as measured by the same measurement method (0.2 W / mK in the surface thickness direction). It can be seen that the resin composite BC sheet according to the above has an extremely high thermal conductivity.
- the acetylated BC sheet was used, impregnated with acrylic resin A in the same manner as in Example 2, and similarly cured by ultraviolet irradiation to form an acrylic resin composite acetylated fiber having a fiber content of 70% by weight. I got a BC sheet.
- the light transmittance of the BC sheet was measured, and the results are shown in FIG.
- Example 2 the acrylic resin composite BC sheet obtained in Example 2 and the acrylic resin composite acetylated BC sheet were boiled in water at 100 ° C. for 1 hour, and the weight and sieve before and after boiling were measured. The change in the thickness was measured and the results are shown in Table 5.
- the acrylic resin composite BC sheet obtained in Example 2 was subjected to a TA Instruments thermogravimetric analyzer “ After using TGA2050 for 30 minutes at 100 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere, measure the weight loss rate when heating from 100 ° C to 500 ° C at a heating rate of 10 ° C for 10 minutes. This is shown in FIG.
- Acetobacter xylinum) FF-88 was inoculated, and statically cultured at 30 ° C for 5 days to obtain a primary culture solution.
- the obtained secondary culture solution was added to a 5% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and the cells were sterilized and removed by boiling for 3 hours. Next, the water content was removed and the solid content was collected to obtain a cellulose fiber having a water content of 10 times by weight. Next, this was sandwiched between stainless steel plates at normal temperature, and was cold-pressed with a pressing pressure of 0.3 MPa to squeeze 7. Subsequently, 120 ° C, heat-pressed at IMPa, to obtain a BC sheet of cellulose fibers having a thickness of about 60 mu m (water content 0 wt 0/0).
- a scanning electron micrograph (SEM photograph) of the obtained BC sheet was taken, and image analysis was performed. As shown in Fig. 1, an average of 51 xm in vertical dimension and 65 xm in horizontal dimension was obtained. It was confirmed that it was a three-dimensional crossed bacterial cellulose structure in which a fine network structure was formed by bacterial cellulose with a fiber diameter of 50 nm.
- NTT Ad VANSTEKRONOJI Co., Ltd .: Non-fluorinated refractive index control adhesive (Model number: AS-4, nD l.52)
- the sheet was removed from the methanol solution and air-dried to remove methanol, and the resin was cured by UV irradiation for 5 minutes. Next, the mixture was heated at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes to complete the resin curing, thereby obtaining a resin-impregnated BC sheet having a thickness of about 85 ⁇ m.
- the resin content in the obtained resin-impregnated sheet was 38% by weight, and the cellulose fiber content was 62% by weight.
- the specific gravity of the obtained resin-impregnated sheet was 1.4. Since the specific gravity of commonly used glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate and glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester is 1.6-1.7, it is possible to reduce the weight.
- the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the epoxy resin itself is about 1.5 ⁇ 10—, and by using a composite resin, the linear thermal expansion coefficient can be adjusted to the range expected from the additivity of the matrix material and the fiber material. It could be reduced to 1/20, which is much lower.
- applications requiring dimensional stability such as filters for displays, screens for projection televisions, large transparent plates such as frame materials for moving bodies such as automobiles and trains, or large optical components, etc. It can be usefully used in applications where distortion or deformation due to the problem is a problem.
- the visible light transmittance of the obtained resin-impregnated BC sheet with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was 80%, which proved to be transparent.
- FIG. 13 shows the measurement results of the bending strength of the obtained resin-impregnated BC sheet.
- polycarbonate resin Mitsubishi Chemical Corp .: Novalex 7022A
- glassware reinforced polycarbonate (Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Corp .: Iupilon) GS-2030 MR2, containing 30% glass fiber).
- the resin-impregnated BC sheet generally has a bending strength that is approximately four to ten times higher than that of a polycarbonate / glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate having a high bending strength.
- Target material In-ZnO (composition ratio (% by weight) approx. 90:10)
- IZO transparent conductive film formed on a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate in the same manner as in Example 7. (Specific resistance 4.2 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ 'cm), the average value of the light transmittance over the entire wavelength range when light with a wavelength of 400 700 nm was irradiated in the thickness direction was examined, and the results are shown in Table 6. .
- the transparent laminate of the present invention has excellent transparency, is lighter and more flexible than glass substrates and the like, has excellent impact resistance, and has a high degree of deformation and conductivity due to temperature changes and stress loads. It is evident that it is useful for applications that require weather resistance and durability against mechanical stress, as well as transparency and conductivity that do not suffer from the problem of deterioration in properties.
- Example 10 Wiring board
- a Nano MFC sheet having a fiber content of 70% and a thickness of 55 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 3.
- the obtained Nano MFC sheet was further pressed and pressed to a thickness of 50 zm.
- the pressure was 30 kgf m 2 (2.9 MPa).
- a varnish containing an epoxy resin was impregnated and coated on the obtained Nano MFC sheet as follows to produce a resin-impregnated Nano MFC sheet (prepredder).
- Varnish was 100 parts by weight of bisphenol A type epoxy resin (Epicoat 828, oiled shell), and 11.4 parts by weight of metaphenylenediamine (Wako Pure Chemical) as a curing agent.
- —Cyanoethyl-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (2E4M Z-CNj manufactured by Shikoku Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was obtained by dissolving 0.2 part by weight in methyl ethyl ketone, and the varnish had a solid concentration of 50% by weight.
- After immersing the Nano MFC sheet in the obtained varnish it was dried at 110 ° C. for 5 minutes and at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to remove the solvent, thereby obtaining a pre-predder. was 56 weight 0 /.. Further, 50 ⁇ ⁇ -thick visible light transmittance of this Puripureda was 65%.
- Copper foil (18 ⁇ m thick, manufactured by Nippon Electrolysis Co., Ltd.) was placed on both sides of the pre-prepder obtained above and pressed with heat to obtain a copper-clad laminate.
- the pressing conditions were as follows: the pressure was 30 kgf / cm 2 (2.9 MPa), the temperature was increased from room temperature to 170 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, and pressure bonding was further performed at 170 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- a hole was formed in a predetermined portion, and an inner wall portion of the hole was plated to form a through hole. Further, predetermined wiring circuits were formed on the conductor portions on both sides by resist exposure and development and etching steps to obtain a double-sided wiring board for the inner layer.
- a multi-layer board was formed by press-bonding using a pre-preader as an adhesive layer. Press conditions are pressure With a force of 15 kgf m 2 (l.5 MPa), the temperature was raised from room temperature to 170 ° C at 10 ° C / min.
- Crimping was performed at 60 ° C for 60 minutes.
- a through hole was formed in a predetermined portion, and a plating was applied to an inner wall portion of the hole to form a through hole.
- a predetermined wiring circuit was formed on the conductor portion of the outermost layer by resist exposure and development and etching steps to finally obtain a multilayer wiring board.
- Table 7 shows the measurement results of the characteristics of the obtained wiring board.
- a nata de coco sheet (thickness lcm) containing bacterial cellulose (average fiber diameter 50 nm) was pressure-compressed to a thickness of 100 ⁇ with a cold press.
- the pressure was 3 kgf m 2 (2.9 MPa). After compression, it was dried at 70 ° C for 15 hours to obtain a BC sheet having a fiber content of 70% and a thickness of 50 / m.
- a pre-preda resin content 70% by weight, 50 ⁇ thick visible light transmittance 75%), a copper-clad laminate, and an inner wiring board were prepared in the same manner as in Example 10.
- an inner layer wiring board using a resin having a high dielectric constant for an insulating layer was manufactured separately from the above-mentioned board.
- the varnish of the high dielectric constant resin was a bisphenol A type epoxy resin (Epico Co., Ltd.) used in Example 10 in 60 parts by weight of barium titanate (manufactured by Toho Titanium Co., Ltd., average particle size: 0.2 ⁇ m). G828, oiled shell) 40 parts by weight, metaphenylenediamine as a curing agent (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) 4.6 parts by weight, 1-cyanoethyl-2-ethyl 4-methylimidazole (Shikoku Chemicals) as a curing accelerator (2E4MZ'CN, manufactured by Ajinomoto Co.) was obtained by dissolving 0.08 parts by weight in methyl ethyl ketone.
- the varnish concentration was set to a solid content of 80% by weight.
- the obtained varnish was applied on one side of a copper foil (18 zm thick, manufactured by Nihon Denshi) at an average thickness of 28 am, and dried at 80 ° C for 10 minutes with hot air to remove the solvent. Further, another copper foil (18 xm thickness, manufactured by Nippon Electrolysis Co., Ltd.) was overlaid on the varnish-coated surface, and heated and pressed by a press in the same manner as a normal copper-clad laminate to obtain a double-sided copper-clad substrate.
- the pressing conditions were as follows: the thickness was controlled and the pressure was increased. The temperature was raised from room temperature to 170 ° C in 10 ° CZ minutes, and then pressed at 170 ° C for 60 minutes.
- the thickness was 20 xm.
- the capacity of the built-in capacitor is determined by the electrode area formed by double-sided copper foil, and is set to a specified value, including the electrodes, taking into account the connection between capacitors and the formation of inductors as necessary.
- the wiring circuit pattern was formed by resist exposure, development and etching steps to produce an internal substrate for a built-in capacitor.
- a multi-layer board was formed by heat-pressing with a press using a pre-predeer as an adhesive layer, using the two wiring boards for the inner layer, the two inner-layer boards for the built-in capacitor, and the two outermost copper foils.
- the pressing conditions were a pressure of 15 kgf m 2 (1.5 MPa), a temperature rise from room temperature to 170 ° C at 10 ° C / min, and further pressure bonding at 170 ° C for 60 minutes.
- a through hole was formed in a predetermined portion, and plating was applied to an inner wall portion of the hole to form a through hole. Further, a predetermined wiring circuit was formed on the outermost conductor portion by resist exposure and development and etching steps to finally obtain a multilayer wiring board with a built-in capacitor.
- the capacitors formed inside could also be confirmed from the external appearance, and after mounting the components on the board, the internal capacitors could be easily trimmed by laser or the like by checking the characteristics.
- the shape and position of the inductor can be confirmed from the outside, so that it was possible to easily trim it with a laser or the like.
- Table 7 shows the measurement results of the characteristics of the obtained wiring board.
- the Nano MFC average fiber diameter 50 nm
- ground or crushed 30 times with a grinder
- the dispersion was filtered through a glass filter to form a film, which was dried at 55 ° C. to produce a 70 ⁇ m thick sheet.
- Table 7 shows the measurement results of the characteristics of the obtained wiring board.
- the resin content of the pre-preda using this Nano MFC sheet was 30% by weight, and the visible light transmittance at 50 ⁇ m thickness was 70%. there were.
- the flexural modulus of the substrate is low, the substrate is made thinner, and in particular, bending is likely to occur during the package manufacturing process or during component mounting, and the workability and reliability are significantly reduced.
- the flexural modulus is high, and in the case where the flexural modulus is low, the amount of flexure is small, and this contributes to high-density mounting and low-cost mounting.
- a board with high strength characteristics can mount a large number of components, and can prevent defects such as cracks even in various reliability tests such as temperature cycling, thermal shock, and high temperature storage. .
- the substrate obtained according to this example is suitable for a substrate for a thin package, and enables high-density mounting.
- a conventional general substrate is a combination of resin and glass cloth, and has a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of about 15 to 20 ppm / K.
- the linear thermal expansion coefficient of a semiconductor chip is 34 ppm ZK, and when directly mounting a chip, an underfill agent is generally filled to reduce thermal stress due to a mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficient.
- Linear heat of the substrate obtained according to the present embodiment As shown in Table 7, the coefficient of thermal expansion is less than lOppmZK, so it has characteristics closer to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the chip, can reduce thermal stress, and achieve even higher reliability. . In some cases, the underfill agent can be removed, and the cost can be further reduced.
- the substrate of this example has excellent dielectric properties, with a relative permittivity at 10 GHz of 3 or less and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.032 or less. According to the substrate of the present embodiment, since the relative dielectric constant can be reduced, higher-speed transmission can be achieved, and since the dielectric loss tangent can be reduced, signal transmission can be performed without loss even in a high frequency region.
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DE200460027498 DE602004027498D1 (de) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-07-28 | Faserverstärktes verbundmaterial, herstellunsgverfahren dafür und verwendung davon |
KR1020067002215A KR101309567B1 (ko) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-07-28 | 섬유 강화 복합 재료, 그 제조 방법 및 그 이용 |
EP20040770966 EP1650253B1 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-07-28 | Fiber-reinforced composite material, process for producing the same and use thereof |
CN2004800224191A CN1832985B (zh) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-07-28 | 纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
KR1020127007460A KR20120088678A (ko) | 2003-07-31 | 2004-07-28 | 섬유 강화 복합 재료, 그 제조 방법 및 그 이용 |
US11/333,302 US7455901B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2006-01-18 | Fiber-reinforced composite material, method for manufacturing the same and applications thereof |
US12/250,778 US7691473B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2008-10-14 | Fiber-reinforced composite material, method for manufacturing the same, and applications thereof |
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Cited By (6)
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JP2006316253A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-11-24 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | セルロース含有樹脂複合体 |
WO2007049666A1 (ja) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-05-03 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | 繊維強化複合樹脂組成物並びに接着剤及び封止剤 |
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US8372764B2 (en) | 2006-07-19 | 2013-02-12 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | Fiber composite material and method for manufacturing the same |
US20100143681A1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2010-06-10 | Hiroyuki Yano | Flexible substrate |
CN112094441A (zh) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | 一种基于纳米纤维素的复合板材及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TW200516085A (en) | 2005-05-16 |
US20060182941A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
CN1832985B (zh) | 2010-10-20 |
JP2011001559A (ja) | 2011-01-06 |
EP1650253A4 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
TWI365884B (ja) | 2012-06-11 |
DE602004027498D1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
JP5170153B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 |
CN101831193B (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
CN101831193A (zh) | 2010-09-15 |
EP1650253B1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
KR101309567B1 (ko) | 2013-09-25 |
US7691473B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 |
EP1650253A1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
CN1832985A (zh) | 2006-09-13 |
KR20060052961A (ko) | 2006-05-19 |
JP5170193B2 (ja) | 2013-03-27 |
JP2010180416A (ja) | 2010-08-19 |
US7455901B2 (en) | 2008-11-25 |
KR20120088678A (ko) | 2012-08-08 |
US20090123726A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
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