WO2001038599A1 - Cible de pulverisation cathodique, oxyde electro-conducteur transparent, et procede d'elaboration d'une cible de pulverisation cathodique - Google Patents
Cible de pulverisation cathodique, oxyde electro-conducteur transparent, et procede d'elaboration d'une cible de pulverisation cathodique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001038599A1 WO2001038599A1 PCT/JP2000/008236 JP0008236W WO0138599A1 WO 2001038599 A1 WO2001038599 A1 WO 2001038599A1 JP 0008236 W JP0008236 W JP 0008236W WO 0138599 A1 WO0138599 A1 WO 0138599A1
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- transparent conductive
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9646—Optical properties
- C04B2235/9653—Translucent or transparent ceramics other than alumina
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sputtering target (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as a target), a transparent conductive oxide composed of a sputtering target, and a method for producing a sputtering target.
- a sputtering target hereinafter, may be simply referred to as a target
- a transparent conductive oxide composed of a sputtering target
- a method for producing a sputtering target a method for producing a sputtering target.
- the present invention relates to a product and a method for producing such a target.
- LCD liquid crystal display devices
- EL luminescence display devices
- FED field emission displays
- ITO indium tin oxide
- Such ITO is composed of a predetermined amount of indium oxide and oxidized tin, and is excellent in transparency and conductivity, can be etched by a strong acid, and has excellent adhesion to a substrate. There is a feature.
- JP-A-3-51048, JP-A-5-155565, JP-A-5-70 As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-43, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-234545, etc., a target composed of a predetermined amount of indium oxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, and a film formed from such a target.
- a transparent electrode hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as IZO
- IZO transparent electrode
- Fig. 2 photograph
- 100-1100 has excellent performance as a material of a transparent conductive oxide, it can be used to form a film by sputtering using a target.
- the problem was that nodules (projections) tended to be generated on the target surface.
- the nodules When such nodules are generated on the target surface, the nodules are liable to be scattered by the power of plasma during sputtering, and the scattered substances adhere to the transparent conductive oxide as foreign matter during or immediately after film formation. It was observed.
- the nodules generated on the target surface were one of the causes of abnormal discharge.
- the nodules generated on the target surface are basically digging residues at the time of spattering, and the cause of the digging residue is as follows. However, they found that they depended on the crystal grain size (for example, l O im or more) of the metal oxide constituting the target. In other words, when the target is cut from the target surface by spattering, the speed at which the target is cut varies depending on the direction of the crystal plane, and irregularities occur on the target surface. It has been confirmed that the size of the irregularities depends on the crystal grain size of the metal oxide present in the sintered body.
- the present invention provides a transparent conductive oxide comprising such a target, which can suppress generation of nodules when a transparent conductive oxide is formed by a sputtering method and can perform stable sputtering.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an oxide and a method for producing such an oxide. Disclosure of the invention
- the atomic ratio represented by In / (In + Zn) is set to 0.75 to 0.97.
- the size of the irregularities generated on the target surface can be controlled, and as a result, the generation of nodules can be effectively suppressed.
- indium is in a range of 67 to 93% by weight
- tin oxide is in a range of 5 to 25% by weight
- zinc oxide is in a range of 2 to 8% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of tin, zinc, and zinc is preferably set to 1 or more.
- the target becomes dense, and the generation of nodules can be suppressed more effectively.
- the spinel structure compound Is instead of the hexagonal layered compound or together with the hexagonal layered compound, containing a spinel structure compounds tables in Zn 2 S N_ ⁇ 4, the spinel structure compound Is preferably set to a value of 5 ⁇ ′ m or less.
- the target becomes dense, and the generation of nodules can be suppressed more effectively.
- a transparent conductive oxide having excellent transparency and conductivity can be obtained by using a sputtering method.
- the bulk resistance is preferably set to a value less than 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the density is preferably set to a value of 6.7 gZcm 3 or more.
- the atomic ratio represented by In / (In + Zn) is in the range of 0.75 to 0.97, and In 2 2 3 ( Zn ⁇ ) m (where m is an integer of 2 to 20) containing a hexagonal layered compound represented by the formula: and a crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound of 5 m or less. It is a transparent conductive oxide (amorphous transparent conductive oxide) formed by sputtering from a sputtering target.
- the sputtering target is composed of indium oxide in a range of 67 to 93% by weight, tin oxide in a range of 5 to 25% by weight, and zinc oxide in a range of 2 to 25% by weight. It is preferable that the content is in the range of 1 to 8% by weight and the atomic ratio of tin zinc is 1 or more.
- the transparent conductive oxide of the present invention is crystallized at 230 or more at the above temperature.
- the half width of the binding energy peak of the oxygen 1 S orbital measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) should be 3 eV or less. Is preferred.
- the transparent conductive oxide of the present invention is preferably formed on a substrate or on a colored layer provided on the substrate.
- the PV value measured in accordance with JIS BO 601 is a value of 1 m or less. With this configuration, it can be used for transparent electrodes and transparent electrodes with color filters. In this case, the occurrence of disconnection / short can be effectively prevented.
- I n 2 0 3 (ZnO ) m (although, m is an integer of 2-20.)
- Step of sintering the compact at a temperature of 1,400 or more When implemented in this way, the generation of nodules when forming a transparent conductive oxide film by the sputtering method is suppressed, and stable sputtering is performed. It is possible to effectively provide an evening get- ter that can perform
- step (1) in carrying out the first method for manufacturing a sputtering target of the present invention, 67 to 93% by weight of indium oxide powder and 5 to 25% by weight of tin oxide powder are used. It is preferable to mix 2 to 8% by weight of zinc oxide powder, and to form a compact having an atomic ratio of tin and zinc of 1 or more in the step (2). .
- Another embodiment of the production method of the present invention includes a hexagonal layered compound represented by In 2 ⁇ 3 (ZnO) m (where m is an integer of 2 to 20). And a method for producing a sputtering object having a crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound of 5 m or less, comprising the following steps (1) to (5).
- This is the manufacturing method of the packaging target (hereinafter, the second manufacturing method).
- Step of sintering the molded body at a temperature of 1,400 ⁇ or more If this method is used, a hexagonal layered compound having a controlled grain size can be used, so that Control of the average particle size is further facilitated.
- the sintering step is preferably carried out in an oxygen gas atmosphere or under an oxygen gas pressure.
- the average particle diameter of the powder of indium oxide is set to a value within a range of 0.1 to 2 m.
- tin oxide powder is further blended together with indium oxide powder, and the average particle diameter of the tin oxide powder is set to 0.01 to 1 It is preferable that the value be within the range of Aim.
- FIG. 1 is a surface photograph of the first embodiment (after sputtering).
- Figure 2 is a photograph of the surface of a conventional target (after sputtering).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the crystal grain size and the number of nodules in the target (after sputtering) of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the crystal grain size and the number of nodules in the target (after sputtering) of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is an X-ray diffraction chart of an evening get containing a hexagonal layered compound.
- FIG. 6 is an X-ray diffraction chart of a sunset containing a spinel structure compound.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the resistance stability of the transparent conductive oxide.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a light transmittance curve of a transparent conductive oxide.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a refractive index curve of a transparent conductive oxide.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the influence of the heat treatment temperature when producing a transparent conductive oxide.
- FIG. 11 is a manufacturing process diagram of a color filter.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a binding energy peak of an oxygen 1 S orbit of the transparent conductive oxide (part 1).
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a binding energy peak of an oxygen 1 S orbital of the transparent conductive oxide (part 2).
- Embodiments 1 to 8 of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings as appropriate.
- the first embodiment is an embodiment relating to the first invention, in which a sputtering target containing at least indium oxide and zinc oxide has an atomic ratio represented by InZ (In + Zn). And a value within the range of 0.75 to 0.97, and a hexagonal layered compound represented by In 2 ⁇ 3 (Z ⁇ ) m (where m is an integer of 2 to 20).
- a sputtering target which contains and has a crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound of 5 / .UTI or less.
- the atomic ratio represented by InZ (In + Zn) falls within the range of 0.75 to 0.97. Must be a value.
- the reason is that if the atomic ratio represented by InZ (In + Zn) is less than 0.75, the conductivity of the transparent conductive oxide obtained by the sputtering method may decrease. . On the other hand, when the atomic ratio represented by InZ (In + Zn) exceeds 0.97, the In content increases, and nodules easily occur during sputtering.
- the atomic ratio represented by InZ (In + Zn) is set to 0.80 to 0. The value is more preferably in the range of 95, and even more preferably in the range of 0.85 to 0.95.
- indium oxide and zinc oxide form the general formula In 2 ⁇ 3 (Zn ⁇ ) m (where m is an integer of 2 to 20) Characterized in that it is contained as a hexagonal layered compound represented by
- the reason why the indium oxide or zinc oxide is not merely present as a mixture but is contained in the form of a hexagonal layered compound in the form of a crystal (having a crystal grain size of 5 ⁇ m or less) is that the get This is because the density can be improved and the conductivity of the obtained transparent conductive oxide is improved.
- indium zinc oxide in the form of a hexagonal layered compound crystal, it is possible to suppress crystal growth of indium oxide, and as a result, generation of nodules during sputtering is suppressed. Thus, sputtering can be performed with high stability.
- the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound in the target needs to be 5 Lim or less.
- the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound in the target is more preferably set to a value in the range of 0.1 to 4 / ⁇ m, and more preferably to a value in the range of 0.5 to 3 tm. preferable.
- the horizontal axis of Fig. 3 shows the size (// m) of the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound, and the vertical axis shows the number of nodules generated per unit area and unit sputtering time. (Pcs / 8H rs / 900mm 2 ).
- the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound can be measured using an electron beam microanalyzer (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as EPMA).
- EPMA electron beam microanalyzer
- the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound can be easily identified by mapping (concentration distribution) of zinc by EPMA, whereby the crystal grain size can be measured.
- the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound can be determined by appropriately selecting the type of the raw material powder constituting the target, the average particle size of the raw material powder, the target manufacturing conditions, and the like. Control within a predetermined range.
- the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder used in producing the target may be set to a value of 2 / m or less.
- the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder exceeds 2 m, the zinc oxide easily diffuses and moves with respect to the indium oxide, and as a result, the crystal particle size of the formed hexagonal layered compound is controlled. This is because it becomes difficult. Conversely, if the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder is 2 or less, indium oxide can easily diffuse and move with respect to the zinc oxide, and the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound is 5 m or less. Value can be controlled.
- the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder is preferably set to a value in the range of 0.1 to 1.8 m, more preferably to a value in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 m. More preferably, the value is in the range of 0.5 to 1.2; m.
- the average particle size of the indium oxide powder is substantially the same as the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder.
- the average particle size of the indium oxide powder used in producing the evening gate be 2 m or less, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.8 m. , And more preferably a value in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 m, and most preferably a value in the range of 0.5 to 1.2 zm.
- the bulk resistance of the evening gate be less than 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the bulk resistance is less than 0.5 ⁇ 10 ′′ 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm, the resulting film may be crystalline. Therefore, the bulk resistance of the target, 0. 5 ⁇ 1 0 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 0. 9 ⁇ 1 0 ⁇ 3 ⁇ . It is more preferably a value within the range of cm, 0. 6 ⁇ 1 0 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 0 . 8 ⁇ 1 0- 3 ⁇ - and even more preferably to a value within the range of cm.
- the density of the target it is preferable to set the density of the target to a value of 6.7 g / cm 3 or more. The reason for this is that if the density is less than 6.7 g / cm 3 , nodules may be generated more often.
- the density of the target it is more preferable to set the density of the target to a value within the range of 6.8 to 7.0 cm 3 .
- the second embodiment is an embodiment relating to the second invention.
- the indium oxide is in a range of 67 to 93% by weight
- the tin oxide is in a range of 5 to 25% by weight.
- zinc oxide in a range of 2 to 8% by weight, and a tin / zinc atomic ratio of 1 or more.
- the second embodiment is characterized in that the content ratio of indium oxide is set to a value within the range of 67 to 93% by weight with respect to the composition of each metal oxide which is a constituent component of the target.
- the reason for this is that if the content ratio of indium oxide is less than 67% by weight, crystallization by heat treatment becomes difficult, and the conductivity of the obtained transparent conductive oxide may decrease. On the other hand, if the content of indium oxide exceeds 93% by weight, on the other hand, the film may be easily crystallized, and the film quality immediately after sputtering may become crystalline. That's because.
- the content ratio of indium oxide is more preferably set to a value within a range of 80 to 93% by weight, More preferably, the value is in the range of 74 to 93% by weight.
- the content of tin oxide in evening get shall be a value within the range of 5 to 25% by weight.
- the heat treatment may cause the transparent conductive film to not crystallize, resulting in reduced conductivity or the possibility of generating nodules during spattering. It is.
- the content ratio of tin oxide is set to a value within the range of 5 to 20% by weight. It is more preferable that the value be in the range of 7 to 15% by weight.
- the zinc oxide content in the evening drink should be within the range of 2 to 8% by weight.
- the transparent conductive oxide may not be crystallized even by heat treatment, and as a result, the conductivity of the transparent conductive oxide may not be improved. It is.
- the content of tin oxide exceeds 8% by weight, This is because the bulk resistance of the evening gate may exceed 1 X 10 " 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm, and a stable sputter may not be obtained.
- the balance between the conductivity of the obtained transparent conductive oxide, the bulk resistance of the target, and the prevention of nodule generation is better, so that the zinc oxide content is in the range of 2 to 6% by weight.
- the value is more preferably within the range, more preferably within the range of 3 to 5% by weight.
- the atomic ratio of tin to all metal atoms is preferably equal to or higher than the atomic ratio of zinc to all metal atoms.
- the atomic ratio of tin and zinc is set to a value of 1 or more. Is preferred.
- the tin / zinc atomic ratio is more preferably set to a value in the range of 2 to 10, and more preferably to a value in the range of 3 to 5.
- the value of the weight percentage of tin atoms to all metal atoms is calculated as the weight percentage of zinc atoms to all metal atoms (ZnZ (In + Preferably, it is at least 3% larger than the value of (Sn + Zn) X100).
- the reason for this is that by making the difference in weight percentage (%) larger than 3%, the effect of tin doping by the heat treatment can be efficiently obtained. Therefore, the conductivity of the obtained transparent conductive oxide can be effectively improved.
- the weight percentage ratio of tin atom and zinc atom is more preferably set to a value in the range of 4 to 30%, and further preferably to a value in the range of 5 to 20%.
- the oxide in Jiumu and zinc oxide the general formula ln 2 0 3 (ZnO) m (although, m is an integer from 2 to 20 )) Is preferable to be contained as a hexagonal layered compound.
- the crystal grain size of the spinel structure compound is set to a value of 5 m or less.
- the reason for this is that when the crystal grain size exceeds 5 / m, nodules are remarkably easily generated during sputtering.
- the crystal grain size of the spinel structure compound in the target is more preferably set to a value in the range of 0.1 to 4 / m, and even more preferably to a value in the range of 0.5 to 3 m. .
- the crystal grain size of the spinel structure compound can be easily identified by mapping zinc (concentration distribution) by EPMA, as in the case of the hexagonal layered compound.
- mapping zinc (concentration distribution) by EPMA as in the case of the hexagonal layered compound.
- the crystal grain size can be measured.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 4 shows the crystal grain size ( ⁇ m) in the state where the spinel structure compound and the hexagonal layered compound coexist, and the vertical axis shows the unit area and It is shown taking a unit sputter evening the number of nodules generated per ring time (number Roh 8 H rs Bruno 9 0 0 mm 2).
- the grain size of the spinel structure compound and the hexagonal layered compound should be 5 m or less. It is understood that the generation of nodules can be more reliably prevented by setting the crystal grain size to 4 m or less.
- the crystal grain size of the spinel-structured compound can be controlled within a predetermined range by appropriately selecting the type of the raw material powder constituting the target, the average particle size of the raw material powder, the manufacturing conditions of the target, and the like. it can.
- the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder used in preparing the target is set to a value of 2 m or less, and the average particle size of the tin oxide powder is set to 0.01 to It is preferable that the average particle diameter of the tin oxide powder be smaller than the average particle diameter of the zinc oxide powder.
- the reason for this is that by limiting the average particle size of the zinc oxide powder and the tin oxide powder to such a range, the diffusion transfer can be controlled, and the hexagonal layered compound in the target and the spinel This is because control of the crystal grain size of the compound (5 / m or less) becomes easy.
- the average particle size of the tin oxide powder is more preferably set to a value in the range of 0.02 to 0.3, more preferably to a value in the range of 0.03 to 0.3 m. Most preferably, the value is in the range of 0.05 to 0.2 m.
- a desired target can be obtained by forming a hexagonal layered compound or a spinel compound in advance, setting the particle size to the above-described desired value, and mixing the resultant with indium oxide powder.
- the bulk resistance of the target is preferably set to a value of less than 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm, and the density of the target is further reduced. It is preferable to set the value to 6.7 g / cm 3 or more.
- the third embodiment is an embodiment relating to the third invention, the atomic ratio represented by I nZ (I n + Zn) is in the range of 0. 75 ⁇ 0. 97, I n 2 ⁇ 3 (Z ⁇ ) m (where m is an integer of 2 to 20), and a hexagonal layered compound represented by the formula: and the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound is 5 / m or less. It is a transparent conductive oxide obtained by using a glass gate.
- the target to be used has the same contents as in the first embodiment. Therefore, an atomic ratio represented by I (In + Zn) is a target in the range of 0.75 to 0.97, more preferably a target in the range of 0.80 to 0.95, and further more preferably Is a sunset in the range 0.85 to 0.95.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide can be appropriately selected according to the application and the material of the substrate on which the transparent conductive oxide is provided, but is usually in the range of 3 to 3, OO Onm. Is preferred.
- the film thickness is less than 3 nm, the conductivity of the transparent conductive oxide tends to be insufficient, while if it exceeds 3,000 nm, the light transmittance is reduced and the transparent conductive oxide is not sufficiently formed. This is because when the transparent conductive oxide material is deformed in the process of manufacturing or after manufacturing the material material, cracks or the like may easily occur in the transparent conductive oxide.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide is preferably set to a value in the range of 5 to 1, O O Onm, and more preferably to a value in the range of 10 to 800 nm.
- the IZO film thickness was 100 nm (curve B) and 220 nm (curve B).
- the thickness was changed to lines C) and 310 nm (curve D)
- the light transmittance at each wavelength tended to decrease slightly as the film thickness increased.
- a transparent conductive oxide is formed using a target
- a glass substrate ⁇ a film or sheet substrate made of a transparent resin is suitable.
- examples of the glass substrate include glass plates manufactured from soda-lime glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, high silicate glass, and alkali-free glass.
- an alkali-free glass plate is more preferable because diffusion of Al-ion in the transparent conductive oxide does not occur.
- a resin having a sufficiently high light transmittance and excellent force and electrical insulation is preferable.
- a polyester resin such as a polyethylene terephthalate resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyarylate Resin, polyether sulfone resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, maleimide resin, and the like.
- a polycarbonate resin, a polyarylate resin, a poly (ethylene terephthalate) resin or a polyether sulfone resin is more preferably used because it also has heat resistance.
- the conductivity can be increased by further performing a heat treatment (including a crystallization treatment) after the film formation.
- a heat treatment including a crystallization treatment
- the treatment time is set in a range of 0.5 to 3 hours. It is preferable to use a value.
- the specific resistance of the transparent conductive oxide be 800 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the specific resistance of the transparent conductive oxide is more preferably set to 600; ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and further preferably set to 300 ⁇ cm or less.
- a transparent conductive oxide has a light transmittance (wavelength 500 nm or 550 nm) of 75 nm at a thickness of 100 nm, as shown by curve B (IZO / 7059 glass) in FIG. % Or more, and more preferably 80% or more.
- a transparent electrode of various display devices such as a liquid crystal display device, a select-port luminescent display device, and the like, which require high transparency and conductivity.
- the curve A in FIG. 8 is the transmittance curve of the glass substrate (7059 glass) itself, and the curve C is the 220 nm thick IZ I film of the third embodiment formed on the glass substrate.
- Curve D is an example in which an IZO film of the third embodiment having a thickness of 310 nm was formed on a glass substrate, and curve E is an example in which an IZO film having a thickness of 220 nm was formed on a glass substrate. This is an example in which a TO film is formed.
- the refractive index (wavelength 500 nm) of the transparent conductive oxide at a thickness of 90 nm is less than 2.5, as shown by curve B (IZO / 7059 glass) in Fig. 9. It is preferable that
- Such a low refractive index is suitable for a transparent electrode of various display devices such as a liquid crystal display element, a select port luminescent display element, and the like, which require high transparency and antireflection properties. It can be used appropriately.
- the ffi line A in FIG. 9 is an example in which a 30 nm-thick IZO film of the third embodiment is formed on a glass substrate (7059 glass).
- the PV value (based on JIS B0601) be 1 m or less.
- the value be 100 nm or less if Ra (JIS B0601 compliant) or 500 nm if Rz (JIS BO 601 compliant). It is preferable to set the value to nm or less.
- a magnetron sputtering device In forming a transparent conductive oxide on a substrate, a magnetron sputtering device, an electron beam device, an ion plating device, a laser ablation device, or the like can be used. It is more preferable to use.
- conditions for forming a film using such a magnetron sputtering apparatus are as follows.
- plasma output fluctuates slightly depending on the area of the sunset and the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide, usually, plasma It is preferable to set the output to a value within the range of 0.3 to 4 W per 1 cm 2 of the area of the target and to set the film formation time to 5 to 120 minutes.
- Suitable applications of the third embodiment include, for example, a transparent electrode of a liquid crystal display element, a transparent electrode of an electoran luminescence element, a transparent electrode of a solar cell, and the like.
- the fourth embodiment is an embodiment relating to the fourth invention.
- indium oxide is in a range of 67 to 93% by weight
- tin oxide is in a range of 5 to 2%.
- It is a transparent conductive oxide obtained by using a sputtering target having a range of 5% by weight and zinc oxide in a range of 2 to 8% by weight, and an atomic ratio of tin / zinc of 1 or more.
- the same evening get used in the second embodiment can be used.
- the ingot is composed of indium oxide in the range of 67 to 93% by weight, tin oxide in the range of 5 to 25% by weight, and zinc oxide in the range of 2 to 8% by weight.
- the target composition preferably has a composition of 74 to 93% by weight of indium oxide, 5 to 20% by weight of tin oxide, and 2 to 6% by weight of zinc oxide, and more preferably, indium oxide. It has a composition of 80 to 89% by weight, tin oxide 8 to 15% by weight, and zinc oxide 3 to 5% by weight.
- the value of the atomic ratio of tin atoms to all metal elements in tin oxide is expressed as follows: It is preferable that the atomic ratio of zinc atoms to all metal elements in the zinc oxide be equal to or more than that, that is, the ratio of tin-Z zinc is equal to or more than 1.
- m in the formula representing the hexagonal layered compound is 2 to 20, Preferably it is 2-8, More preferably, it is 2-6.
- the target used in the fourth embodiment preferably has a purity of 98% or more.
- the presence of impurities may lower the chemical stability of the resulting film, lower the conductivity, or lower the light transmittance.
- a more preferred purity is at least 99%, and a still more preferred purity is at least 99.9%.
- the relative density (theoretical density) of the target be 96% or more. If the relative density is less than 96%, the film forming rate and the film quality tend to be lowered.
- the relative density of the sintered body target is more preferably 97% or more, and further preferably 98% or more.
- the relative density (theoretical density) of the evening gate is a total value calculated from the density of each raw material and each amount added (% by weight).
- the transparent conductive oxide of the fourth embodiment is obtained by forming an amorphous transparent conductive oxide into a film by a sputtering method using the above-described target, and then crystallizing the same at a temperature of 230 or more. It is preferable to make it.
- the amorphous transparent conductive oxide is formed even if the composition of the metal oxide constituting the transparent conductive oxide is the same. This is because the amorphous transparent conductive oxide has more excellent etching characteristics than the crystalline transparent conductive oxide.
- the amorphous transparent conductive oxide is crystallized to form a transparent conductive oxide.
- a transparent conductive oxide has significantly improved conductivity. Further, such a transparent conductive oxide has excellent stability of electric resistance under high temperature and high humidity, as shown in FIG.
- the heat treatment temperature for crystallizing the amorphous transparent conductive oxide is more preferably at least 250 ° C., and even more preferably at least 280 ° C. It is to be noted that a higher heat treatment temperature is advantageous because the crystallization rate is higher, but it is preferable that the heat treatment temperature be such that the transparent substrate does not undergo thermal deformation. Therefore, for example, when a resin is used as the substrate, the temperature is preferably 250 ° C. or less, and when a glass substrate is used, the temperature is preferably 500 ° C. or less. No.
- the crystal type obtained by the heat treatment is preferably a big spite crystal of indium oxide alone in consideration of the heat treatment temperature. The reason for this is that when other hexagonal layered compounds or spinel compounds are included, conductivity may be reduced due to so-called ionic impurity scattering.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 10 shows the heat treatment temperature (° C.) as the crystallization temperature, and the vertical axis shows the specific resistance (; cm).
- the heat treatment temperature when the heat treatment temperature is lower than 230, the specific resistance value becomes extremely high at 3,200 ⁇ cm, and conversely, the heat treatment temperature becomes lower. When the temperature exceeds 350 ° C, the specific resistance value becomes as high as 1,000 ⁇ cm or more.
- the heat treatment temperature is set to 230 to 3
- the temperature is preferably in the range of 20 ° C, more preferably the heat treatment temperature is in the range of 240 to 300, and the heat treatment temperature is in the range of 250 to 290. It is more preferable to set the value within.
- the transparent conductive oxide of the fourth embodiment is subjected to an etching treatment to have a predetermined shape.
- the amorphous transparent conductive oxide formed by the sputtering method can be easily etched using, for example, an aqueous solution of oxalic acid having a concentration of 5% by weight.
- the etching characteristics can be improved by increasing the etching temperature.
- the etching rate can be set to a value equal to or more than 0.1 / imZ.
- this amorphous transparent conductive oxide as in a conventional ITO film, Since a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid or aqua regia is used as an etching solution, and complicated operations such as attaching a protective film to a wiring electrode are not required, the etching operation can be easily performed.
- an aqueous solution of oxalic acid having a concentration of 3 to 10% by weight is particularly preferably used as the etching solution. If the concentration of the aqueous oxalic acid solution is less than 3% by weight, a sufficient etching rate may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the concentration exceeds 10% by weight, crystals are generated in the solution. This is because there are cases where
- the temperature of the etching solution is set to a value within a range of 30 to 90. ⁇ The reason is that when the temperature of the etching solution is less than 30 ° C., the etching rate becomes excessively high. On the other hand, if the temperature of the etching solution exceeds 90 ° C., it may be difficult to control the etching solution.
- the temperature of the etching solution is more preferably set to a value within a range of 35 to 70 ° C, and the temperature of the etching solution is further preferably set to a value within a range of 40 to 50 ° C.
- the form of the transparent conductive oxide is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, a film.
- the film thickness can be appropriately selected according to the application and the material of the base material on which the transparent conductive oxide is provided, but is in the range of 3 to 3, OOO nm as in the third embodiment. It is preferred that
- a multi-layer composite may be provided by providing a gas barrier layer, a hard coat layer, an anti-reflection layer, etc. on the substrate surface opposite to the surface on which the transparent conductive oxide is provided. preferable.
- ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, or the like is used.
- a titanium-based or silica-based hard coat is used as a material for forming the hard coat layer.
- Agent polymer materials such as polymethyl methacrylate, and inorganic polymer materials such as polyphosphazene.
- the transparent conductive oxide of the present invention may have an organic polymer thin film or an inorganic thin film on its surface.
- the method for producing the transparent conductive oxide of the present invention can be produced by various methods such as a sputtering method, an ion plating method, a vapor deposition method, and a laser ablation method.
- the sputtering method it is more preferable to use the sputtering method from the viewpoints of performance, productivity and the like of the transparent conductive oxide.
- a normal sputtering method such as RF magnetron sputtering or DC magnetron sputtering (hereinafter referred to as direct sputtering) or reactive sputtering may be used. That is, the composition of the sputtering target and the sputtering conditions to be used may be appropriately selected according to the composition of the transparent conductive oxide.
- the sputtering conditions when a transparent conductive oxide is provided on a transparent substrate by the direct sputtering method vary depending on the direct sputtering method, the composition of the sputtering target, the characteristics of the equipment used, and the like. Although it is difficult to stipulate them all, it is preferable to set, for example, as follows in the case of DC magnetron sputtering.
- the pressure in the vacuum chamber it is preferable to reduce the pressure in the vacuum chamber to a value of 1 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ a or less before performing sputtering. It is preferable that the degree of vacuum at the time of sputtering be a value within a range of 1.3 1.10 2 to 6.7 Pa.
- the degree of vacuum during sputtering 1. There are 3 X 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ higher than a case where stability of the flop plasma is lowered, whereas, according the degree of vacuum to a low intended target than 6. 7 Pa This is because it may be difficult to increase the applied voltage. Therefore, the degree of vacuum during sputtering, more preferably in the range of 2. 7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1. 3 P a, more preferably 4. 0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 6. 7 X 1 ⁇ ' ⁇ a.
- the voltage applied to the get at the time of sputtering be a value in the range of 200 to 500 V.
- the reason for this is that if the applied voltage is less than 200 V, it may be difficult to obtain a good quality thin film or the deposition rate may be limited, while if the applied voltage exceeds 500 V, This is because abnormal discharge may be caused.
- the voltage applied to the target during sputtering is more preferably in the range of 230 to 450 V, and more preferably in the range of 250 to 420 V.
- a mixed gas of an inert gas such as argon gas and oxygen gas is preferable. Therefore, when argon gas is used as the inert gas, it is preferable that the mixing ratio (volume ratio) of the argon gas and the oxygen gas is 0.6: 0.4 to 0.999: 0.001. that is, the oxygen partial pressure of 1 X 10- 4 ⁇ 6. 7 X 10 value and is preferably a child in the range of P a, and a value in the range of 3 X 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 1 X 1 O 1?
- a target made of an alloy of indium, tin, and zinc is used as a sputtering target.
- This alloy target can be obtained, for example, by dispersing a predetermined amount of tin or zinc powder or chip in molten indium and then cooling it.
- the purity of this alloy target is preferably 98% or more, as in the case of direct sputtering target, more preferably 99% or more, and still more preferably 99.9%. That is all.
- the conditions of reactive sputtering vary depending on the composition of the sputtering target, the characteristics of the equipment used, and the like.However, the degree of vacuum during sputtering, the voltage applied to the target, and the substrate temperature are the same as those for DC direct sputtering. It is preferable that
- the atmosphere gas a mixed gas of an inert gas such as an argon gas and an oxygen gas is preferable, but the ratio of the oxygen gas is preferably set higher than that in the case of direct sputtering.
- the mixing ratio (volume ratio) of the argon gas and the oxygen gas is 0.5: 0.5 to 0.99: 0.01. . .
- the transparent conductive oxide according to the fourth embodiment has the above-described characteristics, for example, a transparent electrode for a liquid crystal display element, a transparent electrode for an electoluminescence device, and a transparent electrode for a solar cell It is suitable as a base material when forming a transparent electrode for various uses such as a transparent electrode by an etching method, and as an antistatic film or an anti-freezing layer for window glass.
- the fifth embodiment is an embodiment relating to the fifth invention.
- oxygen measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used. It is a transparent conductive oxide with a half-width of the binding energy peak in the 1 S orbital of 3 eV or less.
- the transparent conductive oxide of the fifth embodiment can be obtained by forming a film by a sputtering method using the sunset of the first or second embodiment.
- the half width of the binding energy peak (binding energy peak) of the oxygen 1S orbit measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the surface of the transparent conductive oxide be 3 eV or less.
- the reason for this is that if the half-value width exceeds 3 eV, the initial connection resistance may increase or the connection resistance during long-term use may increase significantly.
- the selection range of usable materials may be excessively limited, or it may be difficult to control the half width value.
- the reason why the half width of the binding energy peak (binding energy peak) of the oxygen 1 S orbital is limited to a predetermined range is based on the following knowledge.
- the peak derived from the metal oxide and the element other than metal-oxygen-metal for example, As shown in the figure, two peaks appear, one derived from hydrogen or a carbon bond. Then, in the case of a transparent conductive oxide having a relatively large binding energy peak in the oxygen 1 S orbital, that is, a peak derived from the bond of an element other than metal-oxygen-metal, the transparent conductive oxide and the liquid crystal drive This is because when connected to an external electric circuit such as a circuit, the connection resistance increases, and the connection resistance may increase during long-term use.
- the half-width of the binding energy peak of the oxygen 1 S orbit measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the surface of the transparent conductive oxide is set to a predetermined value, and the initial connection resistance While reducing long-term use This suppresses the tendency of the connection resistance to gradually increase.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the half width of the binding energy peak of the oxygen 1 S orbital on the surface of the transparent conductive oxide can be calculated from the oxygen 1 S orbital peak and its baseline.
- the binding energy peak of the oxygen 1 S orbital can be obtained as one oxygen 1 S orbital peak as shown in FIG. 12 using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS).
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectrometer
- a baseline can be set using the equation of Sirelli. Then, since the length from this baseline to the peak is obtained, it is easier to set a position that is half that length.
- the binding energy width of the oxygen 1 S orbital peak can be measured at half the set length, so that this energy width can be set to the half-value width.
- the half width of the binding energy peak in the oxygen 1S orbit measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the transparent conductive oxide can be easily controlled by the amount of water in the vacuum chamber during sputtering.
- the water content in the vacuum chamber is reduced by 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 ⁇ It is preferable to set the value within the range of 10.1 ⁇ Pa .
- sputtering is performed while maintaining the water content in the vacuum chamber in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 6 to 1 ⁇ 10 1 () ⁇ a.
- the applied voltage is preferably set to a value in the range of 200 to 500 V.
- a mixed gas of an inert gas such as an argon gas and an oxygen gas is used as a spattering gas and an atmosphere gas. Is preferred.
- the mixing ratio (volume ratio) of the argon gas and the oxygen gas is 0.6: 0.4 to 0.999: 0. It is preferable that the value be 0.01.
- the conductivity of the obtained transparent conductive oxide is improved, and a transparent conductive oxide having high light transmittance can be obtained.
- a glass substrate ⁇ a film or sheet substrate made of a transparent resin is suitable.
- the transparent glass substrate examples include transparent glass plates made of soda-lime glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, high silicate glass, alkali-free glass, and the like.
- an alkali-free glass plate is preferable because alkali ions do not diffuse into the transparent conductive oxide.
- the transparent resin a resin having a sufficiently high light transmittance and an excellent electrical insulation is preferable.
- a polyester resin such as a polyethylene terephthalate resin, a polycarbonate resin, and a polyarylate Resin, polyether sulfone resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyamide resin, maleimide resin, and the like.
- the transparent substrate used here is a transparent glass substrate or a transparent resin substrate, in which case the light transmittance is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more. Things.
- the thickness of the transparent substrate is appropriately selected according to the use of the transparent conductive material and its material. Usually, the value is in the range of 15 m to 3 mm, preferably in the range of 50 m to 1 mm.
- an intermediate layer having a thickness of 5 to 1001 is provided on the surface of the base material on which the transparent conductive oxide is provided, in order to improve the adhesion with the transparent conductive oxide. It is also preferred.
- This intermediate layer has a single-layer structure made of a metal oxide (including silicon oxide), a metal nitride (including silicon nitride), a metal carbide (including silicon carbide), a crosslinkable resin, or the like.
- a layer having a multilayer structure is preferably used.
- metal oxides A 1 2 0 3, S i O x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2), Z N_ ⁇ , such as T i ⁇ 2.
- metal nitride A 1 N, etc.
- S i 3 N T i N and the like.
- the metal carbide and the like S i C, B 4 C.
- the crosslinkable resin include an epoxy resin, a phenoxy ether resin, and an acrylic resin.
- the intermediate layer has a two-layer structure in which a crosslinkable resin layer and an inorganic layer are sequentially laminated.
- a transparent glass substrate is used as the transparent substrate, a two-layer structure in which an inorganic layer and a crosslinkable resin layer are sequentially laminated is preferable. This is because such a two-layer structure further improves the adhesiveness as compared with a single-layer structure.
- the inorganic layer is arranged on the side of the intermediate layer that is in contact with the transparent conductive oxide, a transparent conductive material having more excellent thermal stability can be obtained.
- an adhesive layer or a gas barrier layer may be interposed between the substrate surface and the crosslinkable resin layer.
- the adhesive used for forming such an adhesive layer include an epoxy-based, acrylic urethane-based, and phenoxy ether-based adhesive.
- the gas barrier layer can prevent diffusion of water vapor, oxygen, and the like into the liquid crystal.
- the transparent conductive oxide according to the fifth embodiment is amorphous and has excellent etching characteristics. Therefore, this amorphous transparent conductive oxide does not require a complicated operation such as using a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid or aqua regia as an etching solution as in the case of a conventional ITO film, or attaching a protective film to a wiring electrode. Therefore, the etching process can be easily performed.
- aqueous solution of oxalic acid having a concentration of 3 to 10% by weight which does not corrode wiring electrodes of a display device or the like.
- the amorphous transparent conductive oxide After patterning the amorphous transparent conductive oxide by etching, it is preferable to improve the conductivity by heat treatment and to crystallize the oxide, and also to stabilize the electrical resistance under high temperature and high humidity.
- the heat treatment temperature for crystallization is preferably at least 230 ° C, more preferably at least 250 ° C, and more preferably at least 280 ° C. Is more preferable.
- a higher heat treatment temperature is generally advantageous because the crystallization speed is higher, but it is preferable that the temperature be lower than the thermal deformation of the substrate.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably set to 250 ° C. or less, and when the glass substrate is used, the heat treatment temperature is set to 500 ° C. or less.
- the temperature is used.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide depends on the application and the material of the substrate on which the transparent conductive oxide is provided. Although it can be appropriately selected depending on, for example, it is preferable to set the value in the range of 3 to 3,000 nm as in the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment.
- such a transparent conductive oxide can be used as a transparent electrode for a liquid crystal display element, a transparent electrode for an electora luminescence element, and a transparent electrode for a solar cell by utilizing the excellent transparency, conductivity, or etching characteristics. It can be suitably used for applications such as electrodes.
- the sixth embodiment is an embodiment relating to the sixth invention, and is a transparent conductive oxide formed on a colored layer provided on a base material.
- the following description is based on the case of Kara-Fil.
- the color filter of the sixth embodiment is configured by laminating an organic coloring layer 12 and a transparent conductive film (electrode) 24 on a substrate 10 in this order. It was Rafil evening.
- the organic coloring layer 12 is composed of RGB pixels (red pixel, green pixel, and blue pixel) 14, 16, and 18, and a black matrix (light-shielding layer) 20 provided between the pixels. is there.
- the film 22 is heat-treated at a temperature of 200 ° C. or higher, more preferably in the range of 230 ° C. to 300 ° C., and the crystallized transparent conductive film 24 is used as an electrode. It is a color filter having.
- composition of the transparent conductive oxide constituting the transparent conductive film in the above composition range This is because a sintered compact made of a transparent conductive oxide having this composition range can perform low-temperature sputtering.
- the amorphous conductive film is formed on the organic coloring layer by forming the transparent conductive film from the sintered body using a sputtering method. This is because a transparent conductive film having excellent etching characteristics can be formed.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive film is preferably set to a value within the range of 3 to 3,000 nm as described in the first embodiment.
- the substrate used for the color filter examples include glass and synthetic resins having excellent transparency, for example, films and sheets of polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyarylate, polyethersulfone, and the like.
- the organic coloring layer provided on the substrate may be formed directly on the substrate, or a pixel of the organic coloring layer may be planarly separated, and a light-shielding layer (black matrix) may be provided between the organic coloring layers.
- a composition comprising a coloring agent and a binder resin is used.
- colorants examples include perylene pigments, lake pigments, azo pigments, quinacridone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, anthracene pigments, isoindrin pigments, isoindolinone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, Triphenylmethane-based basic dyes, indanthrone-based pigments, indophenol-based pigments, cyanine-based pigments, and dioxazine-based pigments can be used.
- the binder resin is preferably a resin having heat resistance.
- an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a urea resin, an acrylic resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a polyimide resin, and a mixture thereof are preferably used.
- a polyimide resin is preferable because it has high heat resistance.
- the light-shielding layer described above is not particularly limited as long as it prevents interaction between the organic coloring layers.
- a chromium film, a partially oxidized chromium film, or a black colored organic coloring layer is used.
- a layer composed of a layer or the like is preferably used.
- each of the red, blue and green pigments selected from the above-mentioned coloring agents and a binder resin are mixed and dispersed in the solvent. After the paste is manufactured, it is preferable to form RGB pixels by photolithography.
- paste is applied on a substrate or a light-shielding layer processed into a stripe, semi-cured, and then a stripe-shaped green organic coloring layer (G pixel) corresponding to the pixel is formed by photolithography, and this is cured. It should be done.
- G pixel green organic coloring layer
- the red and blue organic coloring layers may be formed in the same manner.
- a protective layer made of a polyimide resin or the like may be formed on the organic coloring layer.
- an amorphous transparent conductive film is formed on the organic coloring layer or on the protective layer provided on the organic coloring layer.
- the amorphous transparent conductive film contains 67 to 93% by weight of indium oxide, preferably 74 to 93% by weight, and 5 to 25% by weight of tin oxide, and preferably 5 to 20% by weight.
- zinc oxide has a composition of 2 to 8% by weight, preferably 2 to 6% by weight, and the atomic ratio of tin to all metal atoms is not less than the atomic ratio of zinc to all metal atoms.
- a magnetron sputtering device When a transparent conductive film is formed on the organic coloring layer or the protective layer, a magnetron sputtering device is preferably used. Therefore, the conditions for forming the amorphous transparent conductive film slightly vary depending on the area and thickness of the target, but usually, the plasma output is set to a range of 3 to 4 W per lcm 2 of the target area. By setting the time to 5 to 120 minutes, an amorphous transparent conductive film having a desired thickness can be obtained.
- the thickness of the amorphous transparent conductive film varies depending on the type of display device to be applied. Normally, the thickness is in the range of 3 to 3, OOO nm, preferably in the range of 20 to 600 nm, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 200 nm. nm range.
- the obtained amorphous transparent conductive film has much better etching characteristics than the crystalline transparent conductive film. Therefore, in the etching process at the time of patterning, a weak acid which does not corrode the wiring material, for example, an aqueous solution of oxalic acid having a concentration of 3 to 10% by weight can be used as the etching solution.
- an aqueous solution of oxalic acid having a concentration of 5% by weight is used as an etching solution.
- the etching rate is 0.1 amZ min or more. Has excellent etching characteristics.
- amorphous transparent conductive film is patterned by etching, it is heat-treated and crystallized as shown in FIG. 11 (d), and has excellent heat resistance and moisture resistance. It is preferable to use a transparent conductive film.
- the heat treatment conditions in this case are 200 ° C. or higher, preferably 230 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 250 ° C. or higher, and the processing time is preferably 0.5 to 3 hours.
- the seventh embodiment is represented by a embodiment relates to a manufacturing method of the first and second aspects of the present invention I n 2 0 3 (Z ⁇ ) m (although, m is an integer of 2-20.)
- This is a first method for producing a sputtering target containing a hexagonal layered compound and having a crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound of 5 m or less.
- It is a method of manufacturing a sputtering target including the steps (3) to (3).
- each metal oxide used as a raw material for producing a target is uniformly mixed and pulverized by using an ordinary mixing and pulverizing machine, for example, a wet ball mill or a bead mill, or an ultrasonic device.
- the average particle size of the powder or the like is 2 or less, more preferably 0.1 to 1.8 m, still more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 m, and still more preferably 0.5 to 1.5 m. It is preferable to carry out the mixing and pulverizing treatment so as to have a range of 2 m.
- the average particle size of the tin oxide powder is preferably set to a value within the range of 0.01 to 1, preferably 0.1 to 1.
- the value is more preferably in the range of 0.7 m, and even more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 m.
- the reason for this is that by limiting the average particle size of the tin oxide powder to such a range, it becomes easier to control the crystal particle size (5 m or less) of the hexagonal layered compound and spinel compound in the target. It is.
- the indium compound and the zinc compound used as the raw materials are oxides or Is preferably a compound that becomes an oxide after firing, that is, an indium oxide precursor or a zinc oxide precursor.
- Such indium oxide precursors and zinc oxide precursors include sulfides, sulfates, nitrates, halides (chlorides, bromides, etc.), carbonates, organic salts (acetates, Oxalates, propionates, naphthenates, etc., alkoxide compounds (methoxide compounds, ethoxide compounds, etc.), and organic metal complexes (acetyl acetatetonate compounds, etc.).
- nitrates, organic acid salts, alkoxides, and organometallic complexes are preferable because they are completely thermally decomposed even at low temperatures and no impurities remain.
- the calcining step it is preferable to perform heat treatment at 500 to 1,200 ° C. for 1 to 100 hours.
- the reason for this is that under heat treatment conditions of less than 500 ° C. or less than 1 hour, the thermal decomposition of the indium compound, zinc compound and tin compound may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the heat treatment conditions exceed 1,200 Ot: or exceed 100 hours, the particles may become coarse.
- heat treatment in a temperature range of 800 to 1,200 ° C. for 2 to 50 hours.
- the calcined product obtained here is preferably pulverized before molding and sintering.
- the pulverization of the calcined product is preferably performed using a ball mill, a roll mill, a pearl mill, a jet mill, or the like so that the particle diameter becomes 0.01 to 1.0 m.
- the obtained calcined product is formed into a shape suitable as a target.
- Molding, injection molding, injection molding, etc. are performed as such a molding process, but in order to obtain a sintered body having a high sintering density, molding by CIP (cold isostatic pressure) or the like is performed. After that, it is preferable to perform a sintering process described later.
- a molding aid such as polyvinyl alcohol, methylcellulose, polywax, or oleic acid may be used.
- the obtained fine powder may be formed into a desired shape by press molding, fired, and fired by HIP (hot isostatic pressure).
- HIP hot isostatic pressure
- the firing conditions in this case are usually 1,400 to 1,600 ° (:, preferably 1,430 to 1,550:) in an oxygen gas atmosphere or under oxygen gas pressure.
- the firing is performed at 1,500 to: L, 540 ° C. for 30 minutes to 72 hours, preferably 10 to 48 hours.
- the rate of temperature rise is preferably 10 to 50 ° C./min.
- the obtained sintered body is preferably subjected to a reduction treatment in the reduction step, although it is optional, in order to make the bulk resistance uniform as a whole.
- Such reduction methods include a method using a reducing gas, vacuum calcination or inert Reduction by gas or the like can be applied.
- hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, a mixed gas of these gases and oxygen, or the like can be used.
- nitrogen, argon, a mixed gas of these gases and oxygen, or the like can be used.
- the reduction temperature is 100 to 800 ° C, preferably 200 to 800 ° C. Further, the reduction time is 0.01 to 10 hours, preferably 0.05 to 5 hours.
- the sintered body obtained by sintering in this way should be further cut into a shape suitable for mounting on a sputtering device, and a mounting jig should be attached to form a sputtering target. Is preferred.
- the composition of each metal oxide as a constituent component is set in the above range, and particles of 2 m or less are used in an oxygen gas atmosphere or under an oxygen gas pressure. It is fired at a temperature of 1,400 ° C or more, and since zinc oxide and zinc oxide are present in the form of crystals of a hexagonal layered compound, the bulk resistance of this target is reduced and its crystal grain size is reduced. Has a dense crystal structure of 5 am or less.
- the eighth embodiment relates to another manufacturing method of the first and second inventions, and is represented by In 2 ⁇ 3 (Z n O) n , where m is an integer of 2 to 20.
- a second method for producing a sputtering target comprising a hexagonal layered compound described above, and having a crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound of 5 zm or less.
- a method for producing a sputtering target comprising the following steps (1) to (5). (1) a step of forming a hexagonal layered compound represented by In 2 ⁇ 3 (ZnO) m (where m is an integer of 2 to 20)
- the average particle size of the hexagonal layered compound or the like in the target can be extremely strictly controlled. Therefore, generation of nodules during sputtering using the evening getter can be effectively prevented.
- indium oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 2 / .im or less is not necessarily used in the step of generating the hexagonal layered compound. There is no need for zinc oxide powder.
- the average particle size of the hexagonal layered compound is more preferably set to a value in the range of 0.1 to 4 m, and even more preferably to a value in the range of 0.5 to 3 ⁇ .
- the method for adjusting the particle size of the hexagonal layered compound is not particularly limited, but, for example, is uniformly crushed using a wet ball mill, a bead mill, or an ultrasonic device and then sieved. Can be implemented.
- the indium oxide powder so that the atomic ratio represented by InZ (I ⁇ + ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) in the molded body is in the range of 0.75 to 0.97.
- the spinel compound together with the indium oxide powder. That is, zinc oxide ( ⁇ ) and tin oxide (Sn ⁇ 2 ) are added at a temperature of 800 to 1200 ° C. for 30 minutes to 30 minutes. After the heat treatment for 3 hours, it is also preferable to adjust the particle size to 5 m or less, and to add at this stage.
- Example 1 it is preferable to set the same firing conditions as in the seventh embodiment. That is, it is preferable that the molded body obtained in (4) is fired in an oxygen gas atmosphere or under an oxygen gas pressure under conditions of 1,400 to 1,600 ° C.> 30 minutes to 72 hours.
- Example 1 the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
- indium oxide having an average particle diameter of 1 and zinc oxide having an average particle diameter of 1 m were mixed so that the atomic ratio of indium (In / (In + Zn)) was 0.83. This was mixed and supplied to a wet ball mill, and mixed and ground for 72 hours to obtain a raw material fine powder.
- the obtained target was measured for density, bulk resistance, X-ray diffraction analysis, crystal grain size and various physical properties.
- the density was 6.
- S gZcm 3 the bulk resistance measured by the four probe method was 0.91 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the obtained target showed an oxide represented by In 2 ⁇ 3 (ZnO) 3. It was confirmed that a hexagonal layered compound composed of indium and zinc oxide was present.
- the obtained sintered body is embedded in a resin, and the surface thereof is polished with an aluminum particle having a particle size of 0.05] 11, and then 5,000 times with EPMAT-5J XA-8621MX (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.).
- the maximum diameter of the crystal grains of the hexagonal layered compound observed within a frame of 30 m ⁇ 30 m square on the enlarged sintered body surface was measured.
- the average value of the maximum particle diameters measured in the same manner in the three frames was calculated, and it was confirmed that the crystal grain size of this sintered body was 3.0 / m.
- the sintered body obtained in 1 was cut to produce a sputtering target [A1] with a diameter of about 10 cm and a thickness of about 5 mm, and physical properties were measured. .
- the sputtering target [A1] obtained in the above (1) was mounted on a DC magnetron sputtering apparatus, and a transparent conductive oxide was formed on a glass substrate at room temperature.
- the sputtering evening conditions here have use by mixing a suitable amount of oxygen gas to argon gas, sputtering evening pressure 3 X 1 O-ip a, ultimate pressure 5 X 1 0 ⁇ 4 ⁇ a , a substrate temperature of 25 ° C
- the input power was 100 W and the deposition time was 20 minutes.
- the resistivity of the transparent conductive oxide on the transparent conductive glass obtained in the above (2) was measured by a four-probe method and found to be 2.5 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ -cm.
- the transparent conductive oxide was confirmed to be amorphous by X-ray diffraction analysis. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the smoothness of the film surface was good because the PV value (according to JI SB 0601) was 5 nm.
- Example 2 indium oxide and zinc oxide similar to those in Example 1 were mixed as raw materials so that the atomic ratio of indium [InZ (In + Zn)] was 0.93.
- Example 3 indium oxide and zinc oxide as in Example 1 were mixed as raw materials such that the indium atomic ratio [InZ (In + Zn)] became 0.95.
- the targets [B1] and [C1] were obtained in the same manner as (1) of Example 1, except that each was used.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the composition and physical properties of the evening get [B 1] and [C 1] obtained here.
- Example 2 The influence of the atomic ratio represented by InZ (In + Zn) in the target was studied. That is, in Comparative Example 1, a mixture of indium oxide and zinc oxide as in Example 1 was used so that the atomic ratio represented by InZ (In + Zn) would be 0.98. In Comparative Example 2, the same indium oxide and zinc oxide as in Example 1 were mixed as raw materials such that the atomic ratio represented by InZ (In + Zn) became 0.6. The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that each of these was used, to thereby obtain evening gates [D 1] and [E 1].
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the compositions and physical properties of the obtained targets [D 1] and [E 1].
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a transparent conductive oxide was formed from each of the obtained targets [D1] and [E1], and a target and a transparent conductive oxide were evaluated. Table 2 shows the obtained results.
- the raw material is a mixture of indium oxide and tin oxide
- Example 1 was repeated except that a mixture was used so that the atomic ratio of (I n + Sn) became 0.90, and the sintering temperature of a molded body obtained from these raw materials was set to 1,400.
- a target [F 1] was obtained in the same manner as in (1).
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of the composition and physical properties of the obtained target [F 1].
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, a transparent conductive oxide was formed from each of the obtained targets [F 1], and the getter and the transparent conductive oxide were evaluated. Table 2 shows the obtained results.
- indium oxide powder having an average particle size of 1 zm, zinc oxide powder having an average particle size of 1 im, and tin oxide powder having an average particle size of 0.5 zzm were mixed with 75% by weight of indium oxide, 5.5% by weight zinc oxide and 19.5% by weight tin oxide The resulting mixture was supplied to a wet ball mill, and then mixed and pulverized for 72 hours to obtain a raw material fine powder.
- This sintered body had a density of 6.8 g / cm 3 and a bulk resistance value of 0.84 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm measured by the four probe method.
- the maximum diameter of the largest crystal particle was measured in three frames, and the average value was calculated. As a result, it was confirmed that the crystal grain size of the hexagonal layered compound and the spinel structure compound was 4.1 im.
- the sintered body thus obtained was cut to prepare a target [A2] having a diameter of about 10 cm and a thickness of about 5 mm.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of the composition and physical properties of the target [A2] obtained here.
- the sputtering target [A2] obtained in the above (1) was mounted on a DC magnetron sputtering apparatus, and a transparent conductive oxide film was formed on a glass substrate at room temperature.
- the sputtering evening conditions using mixed an appropriate amount of oxygen gas to argon gas, a spa Tsu evening pressure 3 X 10 P a, ultimate pressure 5 X 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ a, at a substrate temperature of 25, the input power ⁇ 00W, formed
- the film time was 20 minutes.
- the sputtering target [A2] obtained in the above (1) was mounted on a DC magnetron sputtering apparatus, and then a mixed gas obtained by adding 3% hydrogen gas to argon gas was used. Sputtering was performed continuously for 8 hours under the same conditions as in).
- the conductivity (resistivity) of the transparent conductive oxide film obtained in (2) was measured by a four-probe method, and was 2.8 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the transparent conductive oxide film was confirmed to be amorphous by X-ray diffraction analysis.
- the PV value measured by a surface roughness meter was 5 nm, which was extremely good.
- the light transmittance (wavelength: 500 nm) was measured by a spectrophotometer. As a result, the light transmittance was 82%, and it was confirmed that the obtained transparent conductive oxide film was also excellent in transparency.
- the transparent conductive glass obtained in the above (2) was subjected to a heat treatment.
- the sample was heated to 215 ° C. in an argon gas atmosphere at a temperature rising rate of 20 ° C./Z, and the holding time at this temperature was set to 1 hour.
- etching workability of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film was evaluated. That is, a part of the transparent conductive oxide film on the transparent conductive glass was formed into a line having a line width of 100 to 100 m using an aqueous solution of oxalic acid (concentration of 5% by weight) at 40. A cross-section at the boundary between the etched portion and the non-etched portion was observed with an electron microscope.
- the transparent conductive oxide film does not remain in the etched portion, and the edge of the transparent conductive oxide film remaining in the non-etched portion has a cross-sectional shape that is smoothly inclined toward the etched portion.
- the obtained transparent conductive oxide film was found to have excellent etching workability.
- the evaluation of the etchability of the transparent conductive oxide film was based on the following criteria.
- ⁇ Etching can be performed to a line width of 10 m, and no residue is observed.
- Etching can be performed to a line width of 50 / m, and no residue is observed.
- Etching can be performed to a line width of 100 x m, but a residue is observed in a part.
- Example 5 the mixing ratio was 73% by weight of indium oxide, 20% by weight of tin oxide and 7% by weight of zinc oxide, and in Example 6, 87% by weight of indium oxide, In Example 7, the mixing ratio was 88% by weight of indium oxide, 10% by weight of tin oxide, and 2% by weight of zinc oxide. In Example 8, the mixing ratio was 10% by weight of tin oxide and 3% by weight of zinc oxide. Except for the incorporation ratio of 91% by weight of indium, 7% by weight of tin oxide and 2% by weight of zinc oxide, the same procedure as in Example 4 was performed to obtain evening get [B2], [C2], [D2], and [E 2] was obtained.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of the compositions and physical properties of the obtained targets [B 2], [C 2], [D 2], and [E 2].
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 4, a transparent conductive oxide was formed from each of the obtained targets [B 2], [C 2], CD 2], and [E 2], and the target and the transparent conductive oxide were formed. The oxide was evaluated. Table 4 shows the obtained results.
- a sputtering target was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that zinc oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 3 m was used as a raw material, and the mixing ratio of the raw materials was changed to 90% by weight of indium oxide and 10% by weight of zinc oxide. [F 2] was obtained.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of the composition and physical properties of the sputtering target [F2] obtained here.
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 4, a transparent conductive oxide was formed from the obtained target [F 2], and the target and the transparent conductive oxide were evaluated. Table 4 shows the obtained results.
- the compounding ratio of the raw materials was set to 90% by weight of indium oxide and 10% by weight of tin oxide in Comparative Example 5, and 87% by weight of indium oxide and 90% by weight in Comparative Example 6.
- the mixing ratio of tin oxide is 10% by weight and zinc oxide is 3% by weight.
- the mixing ratio is 90% by weight of indium oxide, 5% by weight of tin oxide and 5% by weight of zinc oxide.
- evening gates [G2] and [12] were obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, respectively.
- Comparative Example 6 a target [H 2] was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the sintering temperature of the molded body was set to 1,100 ° C.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of the compositions and physical properties of the obtained targets [G 2], [H 2], and [I 2].
- Example 4 In the same manner as in Example 4, a transparent conductive oxide was formed from each of the obtained targets [G 2], [H 2], and [I 2], and the target and the transparent conductive oxide were evaluated. did. Table 4 shows the obtained results.
- the thickness of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film was measured by a stylus method using DEK TAK 3030 manufactured by Sloan. :) X-ray diffraction measurement
- the light transmittance (light wavelength 500 or 550 nm) of the transparent conductive oxide film was measured using a UV spectrometer U-3210 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- the surface resistance (initial surface resistance) of the transparent conductive oxide film is measured using a resistance measuring device portless FP (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and the specific resistance (initial specific resistance R Q ) is determined by the four-terminal method. Was measured.
- the initial surface resistivity was 10. 4ohm Noro, also the initial resistivity (R Q) is 2. was 6 X 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm . 6Carrier mobility
- the mobility of the carrier was measured using a RESTITEST8200 (a measuring device based on the van der Pau w method, manufactured by Toyo Technicoriki Co., Ltd.) which is a Hall coefficient measuring device. As a result, it was found that the carrier mobility in the transparent conductive oxide film was 27 cmW ⁇ sec.
- the obtained conductive transparent film was divided into two pieces, and one of the pieces was subjected to the heat resistance test 7 and the like.
- the specific resistance ( Rlfl .) Of the transparent conductive oxide film was measured after leaving the conductive transparent film in the air at 90 ° C. for 1,000 hours .
- the other piece in the obtained conductive transparent film was evaluated for etching properties using an aqueous solution of oxalic acid having a temperature of 40 t: and a concentration of 5% by weight as an etching solution. As a result, it was confirmed that the etching rate (initial etching rate) of the transparent conductive oxide film was 0.2 // minute.
- a conductive transparent glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that # 7509 manufactured by KONING CO., LTD. Was used as the transparent substrate, and an alkali-free glass substrate was used.
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratios of the constituent metals of the transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film in the conductive transparent glass thus obtained.
- the conductive transparent glass obtained here was divided into three test pieces, and two of the test pieces were used in the same manner as in Example 9 to obtain an initial table of the transparent conductive oxide film.
- the sheet resistance, initial resistivity (R Q ), carrier mobility, resistance change rate, and initial etching speed were measured.
- Example 7 After heating the remaining piece at 200 ° C. for 1 hour, the surface resistance and the etching rate of the transparent conductive oxide film were measured in the same manner as in Example 9. Further, the specific resistance of the transparent conductive oxide film after heating was calculated. Table 7 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide films after heating.
- a conductive transparent glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the substrate temperature was set to 215 :.
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratios of the constituent metals of the transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film on the obtained conductive transparent glass.
- Table 7 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film after heating.
- Example 9 The same polyester film as in Example 9 was used as the transparent substrate, and the sputtering target was In 2 ⁇ 3 (ZnO) 3, which was a hexagonal layered compound (having a crystal grain size of 3.8 m or less).
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratios of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film on the obtained conductive transparent glass.
- Table 7 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film after heating.
- a conductive transparent glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12, except that the same alkali-free glass substrate as in Example 10 was used as the transparent substrate.
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratios of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film on the obtained conductive transparent glass.
- Table 7 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film after heating.
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratios of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film on the obtained conductive transparent glass.
- Table 7 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film after heating.
- Example 9 The same polyester film as in Example 9 was used as the transparent substrate, and a 1 / zm-thick epoxy resin layer was provided on the surface by spin coating, and the epoxy resin was photo-cured by UV irradiation and crosslinked. A resin layer was formed.
- a transparent conductive oxide film was provided on the cross-linkable resin layer in the same manner as in Example 14 to obtain a conductive transparent film.
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratios of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film in the obtained conductive transparent film.
- Table 7 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film after heating.
- Example 9 The same polyester film as in Example 9 was used as the transparent base material, and a hexagonal layered compound (crystal grain size 3.8 m) In 2 ⁇ 3 (Z ⁇ ) 3
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratio of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film in the obtained conductive transparent film.
- Table 7 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film after heating.
- Example 9 As the transparent substrate, using the same polyester film as in Example 9, on which, by an electron beam deposition method to form a S I_ ⁇ 2 layer having a thickness 1 00 nm. Next, a transparent conductive oxide film was provided on the surface of the Si 2 layer in the same manner as in Example 12 to produce a conductive transparent film.
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratio of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film in the obtained conductive transparent film.
- Table 7 shows the evaluation results of the transparent conductive oxide film after heating.
- Example 10 The same alkali-free glass substrate as in Example 10 was used as the transparent substrate, the temperature of this glass substrate was set at 215 ° C, and the amount of oxygen gas in the mixed gas during sputtering was 3% (oxygen A conductive transparent glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the partial pressure was changed to 3 ⁇ 10′3Pa).
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratio of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratio of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- the transparent conductive oxide film after heat treatment of the formed transparent conductive oxide film was analyzed by an X-ray diffraction method, and it was confirmed that indium oxide crystals were present.
- Example 10 As the transparent substrate, using the same non-alkali glass substrate as in Example 10, as Sputtering targets, except that had use the I TO target [I n 2 0 3 / 5at. % Sn0 2 ], similarly to Example 11 Thus, a conductive transparent glass was obtained.
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratios of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the conductive transparent glass.
- Example 10 The same alkali-free glass substrate as in Example 10 was used as the transparent substrate, and a hexagonal layered compound (having a crystal grain size of 8 / m or less) was used as the sputtering target.
- a result of X-ray diffraction measurement it was confirmed that indium oxide crystals existed in the transparent conductive oxide film of the obtained conductive transparent glass.
- Table 5 shows the film forming conditions and the atomic ratios of the constituent metals of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film.
- Table 6 shows the evaluation results of the conductive transparent glass.
- Substrate temperature Oxygen partial pressure In / Sn / film thickness Material (.C) (Pa) (In + Zn) ⁇ + ⁇ + Sn) (nm)
- Example 14 Glass 20 5.0 X10 ' 4 0.91 0.10 210
- Indium oxide powder having an average particle size of 1, zinc oxide powder having an average particle size of 1, and tin oxide powder having an average particle size of 0.5 m were mixed with indium oxide by weight 80% and zinc oxide 5 by weight.
- the mixture was supplied to a wet ball mill so as to have a ratio of 15% by weight of tin oxide and 15% by weight of tin oxide, and then mixed and pulverized for 72 hours to obtain a raw material fine powder.
- the relative density of the obtained sintered body (having a crystal grain size of 4.0 / xm or less) was 98%, and its bulk resistance was 0.83 mQ'cm.
- a jig for attachment to a sputtering device was attached to the sintered body, and used as an evening get.
- This target had a diameter of 0.16 cm.
- a transparent conductive oxide film was formed by sputtering on an alkali-free glass substrate # 7059 (manufactured by Koingu Co., Ltd.).
- a non-alkali glass substrate # 7059 was attached to an RF magnetron sputtering equipment, pressure in the vacuum tank was reduced in the up less 5 X 1 (T 4 P a , then mixing of the Arugo Ngasu and oxygen gas Gas was introduced up to 3 ⁇ 10 Pa, RF output was set to 100 watts, and sputtering was performed while maintaining the substrate temperature at room temperature to form a transparent conductive oxide film to obtain a transparent conductive glass.
- the crystallinity of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film was determined using an X-ray diffraction measurement device, Kazutoya Flex RU-200B (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation). Quality was confirmed.
- inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy was performed using SPS-1500 VR (manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.).
- the light transmittance (light wavelength of 5 O Onm or 550 ⁇ m) of this conductive transparent glass was measured using a UV spectrometer U-3210 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.).
- the surface resistance of the transparent conductive oxide film (hereinafter referred to as the initial surface resistance) is measured using a resistance measuring device, LES FP (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and the specific resistance is measured by a four-terminal method. did.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide film was measured by a stylus method using DEKTAK 3030 (manufactured by Sloan).
- a film was formed at a transparent substrate temperature of room temperature.
- the heat treatment was performed at 280 ° C for the transparent conductive oxide film and 250 ° C for the transparent conductive oxide film formed at a transparent substrate temperature of 200, respectively, for 1 hour.
- the specific resistance and crystallinity Z) of the transparent conductive oxide film after the heat treatment were evaluated. Table 9 shows the results of these evaluations.
- Sintered bodies were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 19 in Examples 20 to 2.2 except that the mixing ratio of the raw materials was changed as shown in Table 8.
- the temperature of the transparent substrate during sputtering was the temperature shown in Table 9.
- the transparent conductive material obtained in (1) was heat-treated in the same manner as in (3) of Example 19, except that the heat treatment temperature was as shown in Table 9. Table 9 shows the results.
- Sintered bodies were produced in the same manner as in Example 19 in Comparative Examples 11 to 15, except that the mixing ratio of the raw materials was changed as shown in Table 8.
- Indium oxide powder having an average particle size of 3 zinc oxide powder having an average particle size of 3 m, and tin oxide powder having an average particle size of 3 m were used.
- the temperature of the transparent substrate during sputtering was the temperature shown in Table 9.
- the transparent conductive material obtained in (1) was heat-treated in the same manner as (3) of Example 19, except that the heat treatment temperature was as shown in Table 2.
- Table 9 shows the results.
- Indium oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 1 m, zinc oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 1 m, and tin oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 im were mixed with 84.8% by weight of indium oxide and oxidized. These metal oxide powders were mixed and pulverized by a wet ball mill so that the ratio of zinc was 5.2% by weight and tin oxide was 10.0% by weight. Then, it was granulated, pressed into the target shape, and fired at a temperature of 1,450 ° C to obtain a sintered body (crystal grain size of 3.7 nm or less). Next, a jig for attachment to a sputtering device was attached to the obtained sintered body, and used as a sputtering target. The dimensions of this target were 10.16 cm in diameter.
- sputtering was performed using this target.
- an alkali-free glass substrate [manufactured by Koning Co., Ltd .: # 7059] was used.
- a parallel plate type magnetron sputtering device was used as a sputtering ring device, and the inside of the device was evacuated to 5 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ a. The amount of water in the vacuum chamber at this time was measured by a mass spectrometer and found to be 8 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ a.
- argon gas having an oxygen gas content of 1% by volume was introduced into the apparatus, the sputtering pressure was adjusted to 0.3 Pa, and sputtering was performed to form a transparent conductive oxide film on a glass substrate. A film was formed. The thickness of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film is 1.2 nm / cm.
- ES CA5400 manufactured by ULVAC-FAI was used, and Mg—— ⁇ ; was used as the X-ray source.
- the detector was an electrostatic hemisphere type, and the path energy was 35.75 eV.
- the reference peak was determined by setting the 3 d 5 '2 of indium 444. 4 e V. Further, the half-width of the peak obtained here was calculated by setting a baseline using Sirelli's equation.
- the half value width of the binding energy peak of the oxygen 1 S orbital by the XPS method on the surface of the transparent conductive oxide film was 2.6 eV.
- FIG. 12 shows the binding energy peak of the oxygen 1 S orbit of the surface of the transparent conductive oxide film measured by the XFS method measured here.
- the crystallinity, light transmittance, specific resistance and etching characteristics of the transparent conductive oxide film obtained in the above (1) were evaluated.
- the crystallinity of the transparent conductive oxide film was confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurement using ROYU FLEX RU_200B (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation).
- the light transmittance of the transparent conductive oxide film (light wavelength 500 nm or 550 nm) was measured using a U-3210 (manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) by UV spectrometry including the glass substrate.
- the surface resistance of the transparent conductive oxide film was measured by a four-terminal method using a portless FP (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and the specific resistance was calculated.
- the etching characteristics were measured at 40 ° C. using an aqueous solution of oxalic acid having a concentration of 3.4% by weight as an etching solution.
- the transparent conductive oxide film obtained in the above (1) is etched into a stripe shape having a pitch of 1 10 // m and a gap of 20 m, and is then formed on the transparent conductive oxide film having the stripe shape.
- the anisotropic conductive films were stacked and thermocompression-bonded at 180 ° C., and the connection resistance between the transparent conductive oxide films and the anisotropic conductive films was measured. The average value of this resistor was 8 ⁇ .
- connection resistance was confirmed. Furthermore, in order to confirm the long-term stability of the connection resistance, a test piece obtained by laminating an anisotropic conductive film on a transparent conductive oxide film and thermocompression bonding was left in an oven maintained at 95 ° C for 120 hours. After the test, the connection resistance was measured again. In this test piece, there was no change in the connection resistance even after such a long heat treatment.
- Table 10 shows the composition of the transparent conductive oxide film obtained here and the evaluation results.
- a target was prepared in the same manner as in Example 23 except that the mixing ratio of the metal oxide component of the raw material was changed to 87.3% by weight of indium oxide, 9.5% by weight of tin oxide and 3.2% by weight of zinc oxide. At the same time, a transparent conductive oxide film was formed. In this case, the water content in the vacuum chamber in one was 7X 10- 6 Pa.
- the full width at half maximum of the binding energy peak in the oxygen 1 S orbital of the obtained transparent conductive oxide film was measured by the XPS method and found to be 2.5 eV.
- Table 10 shows the composition and evaluation results of this transparent conductive oxide film.
- Example 23 Same as Example 23 except that the mixing ratio of the metal oxide component of the raw material was changed to 81.6% by weight of indium oxide, 12.2% by weight of tin oxide, and 6.2% by weight of zinc oxide.
- a transparent conductive oxide film was formed at the same time as preparing a sunset. In this case, the amount of water in the vacuum chamber was 9 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ a.
- Indium oxide powder with an average particle size of 3 m, tin oxide powder with an average particle size of 3 m, and zinc oxide powder with an average particle size of 3 m were used, and the mixing ratio was 88.7 weight% of indium oxide. %, Tin oxide 10.1% by weight, and zinc oxide 1.2% by weight, except that a target (crystal grain size 15 m) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 23, and a transparent conductive oxide film was formed. Was formed.
- the amount of water in the vacuum chamber was 9 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ a.
- the half value width of the binding energy peak of the oxygen 1 S orbit measured by the XPS method in the obtained transparent conductive oxide film was 2.9 eV.
- the transparent conductive oxide film obtained here had a low etching rate of 4.4 angstroms Z seconds.
- Table 10 shows the composition and evaluation results of this transparent conductive oxide film.
- Indium oxide powder with an average particle size of 3 / m, tin oxide powder with an average particle size of 3; m, and zinc oxide powder with an average particle size of 3 im were used, and the mixing ratio was 84.
- a target (crystal grain size of 11 m) was produced in the same manner as in Example 23 except that the content was changed to 8% by weight, tin oxide 10.0% by weight and zinc oxide 5.2% by weight.
- Example 23 the vacuum evacuation at the start of sputtering was evacuated to 2 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ a, and the pressure was adjusted to 0.3 Pa with argon gas containing 1% by volume of oxygen gas.
- a transparent conductive oxide film was formed in the same manner as in Example 23, except that the water content in the '— was adjusted to 9 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ a.
- the half value width of one peak of binding energy of oxygen 1 S orbit was 3.3 eV.
- connection resistance was greatly increased.
- Table 10 shows the composition and evaluation results of this transparent conductive oxide film.
- Indium oxide powder with an average particle size of 3 m, tin oxide powder with an average particle size of 3 ⁇ , and zinc oxide powder with an average particle size of 3 / zm were used, and the mixing ratio was indium oxide 83.
- a target (crystal grain size of 14 m) was prepared in the same manner as in Example 23 except that the weight was changed to 4% by weight, 4.3% by weight of tin oxide, and 12.3% by weight of zinc oxide.
- a conductive oxide film was formed. In this case, the amount of water in the vacuum chamber 1 was 1 ⁇ 10 7 ⁇ a.
- FIG. 13 shows the binding energy peak of the oxygen 1 S orbit on the surface of the transparent conductive oxide film measured by the XPS method measured here.
- connection resistance was greatly increased.
- Table 10 shows the composition and evaluation results of this transparent conductive oxide film.
- the mixing ratio was set to 90.0% by weight of indium oxide and 10.0% by weight of tin oxide.
- a target crystal grain size: 18 urn
- Example 23 the vacuum evacuation at the start of sputtering was evacuated to 2 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ a, and the pressure was adjusted to 0.3 Pa with argon gas containing 1% by volume of oxygen gas.
- a transparent conductive oxide film was formed in the same manner as in Example 23 except that the amount of water in the empty chamber was adjusted to 9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 4a.
- the half width of the binding energy peak of the oxygen 1 S orbital of the transparent conductive oxide film thus obtained was 3.4 eV.
- connection resistance was greatly increased.
- Table 10 shows the composition and evaluation results of this transparent conductive oxide film.
- a glass substrate was used as the substrate, and a light-shielding layer made of chromium oxide was formed on the surface.
- the light-shielding layer was formed by a sputtering method, and the thickness of the chromium oxide layer was 0.1: 1 / m.
- the light-shielding layer was processed into a lattice shape with a line width of 30 m by photolithography at a pitch of 110 / Xm in one direction and at a pitch of 330 z ⁇ m in a direction perpendicular thereto.
- the mixture was dispersed and mixed with a transparent polyimide precursor solution Semicofine SP-910 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.).
- the paste was applied over the glazed chromium oxide layer. This was semi-cured to form a striped green organic coloring layer with a width of 90 ⁇ m and a pitch of 330 corresponding to the pixels, and then cured.
- the thickness of the green organic coloring layer was 1.5 m.
- red pigment a quinacridone pigment (C01 or Index No 73905 Pigment Red 209) is used, and as a blue pigment, a cyanine blue pigment (C010rIndex No 74160 Pigment) is used.
- Blue 15-4 a red organic coloring layer and a blue organic coloring layer were formed in the same manner as described above, using pastes obtained by dispersing and mixing these in the above polyimide precursor solution.
- a 2 m-thick protective layer was formed by applying and curing the polyimide precursor solution on these organic coloring layers.
- a transparent conductive film (transparent conductive oxide film) was formed on the organic coloring layer of the glass substrate having the organic coloring layer obtained in the above (1) by a sputtering method.
- the sputtering target used here was produced as follows. That is, a mixture of 80% by weight of indium oxide powder, 15% by weight of tin oxide powder and 5% by weight of zinc oxide was mixed and pulverized by a wet pole mill. After that, it is granulated and press-formed, and in a firing furnace under oxygen gas pressure at 1,450 ° C for 36 hours. As a result, a target [A 6] with a crystal grain size of 4. O wm was obtained.
- the obtained target [A6] was mounted on a DC magnetron sputtering apparatus, and a transparent conductive film was formed on the organic coloring layer of the glass substrate by sputtering.
- the atmosphere was used by mixing an appropriate amount of oxygen gas with argon gas, and the sputtering pressure was 3 X 1 ( ⁇ ⁇ a, the ultimate pressure was 5 x 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ a, the substrate temperature was- The temperature was 5 ° C, the input power was 100 W, and the film formation time was 20 minutes.
- a transparent conductive film was formed on the organic coloring layer of another glass substrate at a substrate temperature of 180 ° C. at the time of sputtering. This transparent conductive film was also amorphous. Table 11 shows the raw material composition and physical properties of the transparent conductive film.
- the etching property of the obtained transparent conductive film was evaluated.
- a part of the transparent conductive film formed on the organic coloring layer was etched at 40 ° C. with a 5% by weight aqueous solution of oxalic acid, and the cross section at the boundary between the etched portion and the non-etched portion was observed by an electron microscope. Was observed.
- the transparent conductive film does not remain in the etched portion, and the edge portion of the transparent conductive film remaining in the non-etched portion has a cross-sectional shape that is smoothly inclined toward the etched portion. confirmed.
- the obtained transparent conductive film had good workability even in etching using a weak acid.
- a heat treatment was performed on the transparent conductive film formed on the organic coloring layer of the glass substrate obtained in the above (2).
- the heat treatment was performed under an argon gas atmosphere at a heating rate of 20 ° CZ up to 23 Ot: and the holding time at 230 ° C was 1 hour.
- the transparent conductive film after the heat treatment is crystalline, specific resistance measured by the four-probe method was 230 X 10 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the light transmittance for a light beam having a wavelength of 500 nm was 82% according to a spectrophotometer, and the transparency was excellent.
- Example 26 On the organic coloring layer of the glass substrate having an organic coloring layer obtained in the same manner as in (1) of Example 26, 84% by weight of indium oxide powder, 12% by weight of tin oxide powder and 12% by weight of zinc oxide were used as sputtering targets. A transparent conductive film was formed using the target [B 6] (crystal grain size: 4.0 nm) manufactured in the same manner as in Example 26 (2), except that the mixture was used as a raw material in a weight% mixture.
- target [B 6] crystal grain size: 4.0 nm
- Table 11 shows the raw material composition and physical properties.
- Example 26 87 wt% of indium oxide powder was used as a sputtering target on the organic colored layer of the glass substrate having an organic colored layer obtained in the same manner as (1) of Example 26.
- Table 11 shows the raw material composition and physical properties.
- Example 26 On an organic coloring layer of a glass substrate having an organic coloring layer obtained in the same manner as (1) of Example 26, 88% by weight of indium oxide powder, 10% by weight of tin oxide powder and 10% by weight of zinc oxide were used as sputtering targets. A transparent conductive film was formed using a target [D6] (crystal grain size: 4.0 am) manufactured in the same manner as in Example 26 (2) except that the mixture was used as a raw material in a weight% mixture.
- target [D6] crystal grain size: 4.0 am
- Table 11 shows the raw material composition and physical properties.
- a mixture of 90% by weight of indium oxide powder and 10% by weight of tin oxide powder was used as a raw material on an organic colored layer of a glass substrate having an organic colored layer obtained in the same manner as (1) of Example 26.
- a transparent conductive film was formed using a target [E6] (having a crystal grain size of 12 urn) containing no zinc oxide powder.
- the obtained transparent conductive film was crystalline.
- Table 11 shows the raw material composition and physical properties.
- Example 26 On the organic coloring layer of the glass substrate having the organic coloring layer obtained in the same manner as (1) of Example 26, 90% by weight of indium oxide powder as a sputtering target and an average particle size of more than 3 / xm A transparent conductive film was formed using the target [F6] (crystal grain size 18 m) manufactured in the same manner as in Example 26 (2) except that a mixture of 10% by weight of zinc oxide powder was used as a raw material.
- Table 11 shows the raw material composition and physical properties.
- the obtained transparent conductive film was crystalline.
- Table 11 shows the raw material composition and physical properties.
- the obtained transparent conductive film was crystalline.
- Table 11 shows the raw material composition and physical properties.
- a transparent conductive oxide is formed by a snorkeling.
- the generation of nodules can be suppressed effectively, and sputtering can be performed stably for a long time.
- a sputtering target of the present invention it is possible to effectively provide a target capable of suppressing generation of nodules when forming a transparent conductive oxide by sputtering. Now you can.
- transparent conductive oxide of the present invention excellent conductivity and transparency can be obtained, and smooth surface characteristics can be obtained.
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EP00977861A EP1233082B1 (en) | 1999-11-25 | 2000-11-22 | Sputtering target, transparent conductive oxide, and method for preparing sputtering target |
DE60041353T DE60041353D1 (de) | 1999-11-25 | 2000-11-22 | Sputtertarget, transparentes konduktives oxid und vorbereitungsverfahren für sputtertarget |
US10/089,378 US6669830B1 (en) | 1999-11-25 | 2000-11-22 | Sputtering target, transparent conductive oxide, and process for producing the sputtering target |
JP2001539936A JP4850378B2 (ja) | 1999-11-25 | 2000-11-22 | スパッタリングターゲット、透明導電性酸化物、およびスパッタリングターゲットの製造方法 |
KR1020087008129A KR101139203B1 (ko) | 1999-11-25 | 2000-11-22 | 스퍼터링 타겟 및 투명한 도전성 산화물 |
KR1020027006691A KR100774778B1 (ko) | 1999-11-25 | 2000-11-22 | 스퍼터링 타겟, 투명한 도전성 산화물 및 스퍼터링 타겟의제조방법 |
HK03102914A HK1050720A1 (en) | 1999-11-25 | 2003-04-24 | Sputtering targer, transparent conductive oxide, and method for preparing sputtering target. |
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EP (3) | EP1752430B1 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP4850378B2 (ja) |
KR (3) | KR100849258B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1195886C (ja) |
DE (2) | DE60042431D1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1379827A (zh) | 2002-11-13 |
KR100774778B1 (ko) | 2007-11-07 |
JP2011068993A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
JP4850378B2 (ja) | 2012-01-11 |
EP1777321A1 (en) | 2007-04-25 |
KR100849258B1 (ko) | 2008-07-29 |
JP5558420B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
JP5306308B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 |
JP2011190542A (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
CN1195886C (zh) | 2005-04-06 |
EP1233082B1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
DE60042431D1 (de) | 2009-07-30 |
HK1050720A1 (en) | 2003-07-04 |
KR20080035025A (ko) | 2008-04-22 |
KR20020069190A (ko) | 2002-08-29 |
EP1233082A1 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
KR20070089755A (ko) | 2007-08-31 |
KR101139203B1 (ko) | 2012-04-26 |
EP1752430B1 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
DE60041353D1 (de) | 2009-02-26 |
EP1233082A4 (en) | 2006-01-25 |
US6669830B1 (en) | 2003-12-30 |
EP1752430A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
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