WO2008072681A1 - 化合物半導体発光素子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
化合物半導体発光素子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008072681A1 WO2008072681A1 PCT/JP2007/073989 JP2007073989W WO2008072681A1 WO 2008072681 A1 WO2008072681 A1 WO 2008072681A1 JP 2007073989 W JP2007073989 W JP 2007073989W WO 2008072681 A1 WO2008072681 A1 WO 2008072681A1
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- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
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- H01L2224/481—Disposition
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of group III and group V of the periodic system containing nitrogen
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- H01L33/38—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes with a particular shape
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound semiconductor light-emitting device, and more particularly to a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device, and relates to a compound semiconductor light-emitting device having excellent light emission output and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a pn junction type light emitting diode is well known as an example of a compound semiconductor light emitting element.
- a GaP-based LED using a GaP layer obtained by epitaxially growing a conductive gallium phosphide (GaP) single crystal on a substrate as a light emitting layer is known.
- a gallium nitride-based such as a compound semiconductor layer of the light-emitting layer, the near ultraviolet range Blue-wave or green-band short wavelength LEDs are known.
- the conductive n-type or p-type light-emitting layer is formed of a conductive p-type or n-type gallium arsenide (G a A s )
- G a A s gallium arsenide
- the blue LED, electrically insulating sapphire (alpha-A 1 2 ⁇ 3 single crystal) single crystal or the like is used as the substrate.
- Cubic (3 C crystal type) or hexagonal (4 H or 6 H crystal type) silicon carbide (SiC) is also used as the substrate.
- a semiconductor layer is laminated on these substrates.
- a first conductive transparent electrode and a second conductive electrode are provided on a semiconductor wafer to form a light emitting element.
- gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting devices various metal oxides and III-V compounds such as sapphire single crystals are used as substrates, and metal organic vapor phase chemical reaction method (MO C VD method)
- MO C VD method metal organic vapor phase chemical reaction method
- GaN method gallium nitride compound semiconductors are formed by the molecular beam epitaxy method (MBE method).
- a characteristic of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device is that the current diffusion in the lateral direction is small. Therefore, current is injected only into the semiconductor directly under the electrode, and the light emitted from the light emitting layer is blocked by the electrode and cannot be extracted outside. Therefore, in this gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device, a transparent electrode is usually used as the positive electrode, and light is extracted through the positive electrode.
- a known conductive material such as Ni / Au or ITO is used for the transparent electrode.
- an oxide-based transparent electrode mainly composed of In 2 0 3 , Zn 2 O, or the like for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 5-1 2 3 5 0 Proposed in No. 1 publication.
- ITO that is used most as a transparent electrode, by doping from 5 to 2 0% by weight of 3 110 2 I n 2 ⁇ 3, 2 X 1 0- 4 Q cm below the low resistivity conductive oxide A membrane can be obtained.
- an I Z O conductive film described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-2 1 7 5 78 can be used. Since the I Z O film formed by the sputtering method is amorphous, it can be etched relatively slowly without using a strong acid as described above. For this reason, the barrier etching due to the etching described above hardly occurs. Furthermore, microfabrication for improving the output of the light emitting element can be easily performed.
- an amorphous I Z O film is less translucent than a heat-treated I T O film, so the output of the light emitting element is low.
- the drive voltage of the element is high due to the high contact resistance with the p-type GaN layer.
- it since it is amorphous, it has poor water resistance and chemical resistance, resulting in a decrease in yield in the manufacturing process after the formation of the I Z 0 film, and a problem that the reliability of the device is lowered. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a compound semiconductor light emitting device having a good yield in the manufacturing process and having an excellent light emission output, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention provides the following inventions.
- An n-type semiconductor layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type semiconductor layer made of a compound semiconductor are stacked on a substrate so that the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer sandwich the light-emitting layer.
- electrode and second conductive electrode 2 A compound semiconductor light emitting device characterized in that the first conductive transparent electrode is made of an IZO film containing In 2 0 3 crystals having a Bixbyite structure. '
- the ⁇ -type semiconductor layer, the light-emitting layer, and the ⁇ -type semiconductor layer are stacked in this order, and the first conductive type transparent electrode and the second conductive type electrode are respectively formed on the ⁇ -type semiconductor layer and the ⁇ - type semiconductor layer.
- an n-type semiconductor layer, a light-emitting layer, and a P-type semiconductor layer made of a compound semiconductor are stacked so that the n-type semiconductor layer and the p-type semiconductor layer sandwich the light-emitting layer, and a semiconductor wafer is formed.
- Manufacturing process (b) stacking an amorphous IZO film on the semiconductor wafer;
- Translucent electrode for compound semiconductor light emitting device characterized by comprising IZ 0 film containing In 2 0 3 crystal of Bixbyite structure (19)
- ramp which consists of a compound semiconductor light-emitting device as described in any one of said 1-9 and 17.
- a compound semiconductor light emitting device having a good yield in the manufacturing process can be produced by using an amorphous IZO film having excellent etching properties.
- the Izo film can be transferred from an amorphous state to a structure including a crystal by heat treatment or the like (hereinafter referred to as “crystallization”). Since the crystallized IZO film has better translucency than Amorphous IZ0 film, crystallizing the IZO film after the etching process yields a compound semiconductor light emitting device with high emission output
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor wafer.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the concave and convex processing on the surface of the I Z O film.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the convex-concave processing of the I Z O film surface.
- FIG. 6 shows a gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing which showed typically the comprised lamp
- Fig. 7 is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of the I Z O film.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the light transmittance of the I Z O film.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the heat treatment temperature of the I Z O film and the driving voltage and light emission output of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the depth of the recesses on the surface of the I Z O film and the driving voltage and light emission output of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device.
- the symbol M represents a group V element different from nitrogen, and 0 ⁇ a 1 (1). is there.
- GaP layer provided on the GaP substrate.
- the effect of the present invention is remarkable for a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor which is a group III nitride semiconductor with small current diffusion in the lateral direction.
- n-type and p-type compound semiconductor layers are arranged on both the upper and lower surfaces of the light-emitting layer.
- the first conductive type electrode and the second conductive type electrode are arranged in place.
- the present invention provides, as the first conductivity type electrode is characterized by using a transparent electrode made of IZ O 'film containing I n 2 ⁇ 3 crystals Bikusubai bets (Bixbyite) structure.
- gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device which is an embodiment of the semiconductor light-emitting device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10 as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting devices, and can be applied to light-emitting devices using the various compound semiconductors described above.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing the semiconductor light emitting device shown in FIG.
- the semiconductor light-emitting element 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a face-up type light-emitting element, and an n-type semiconductor layer 1 2, a light-emitting layer 1 3, and a p-type constituting a gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer on a substrate 11 1.
- a semiconductor layer 14 is laminated, and a positive electrode 15 (transparent electrode), which is a first conductive electrode made of an IZO film, is laminated on the P-type semiconductor layer, and is roughly configured.
- a positive electrode bonding pad 16 is formed on a part of the positive electrode 15.
- the negative electrode 17 of the bonding pad is formed in the second conductive electrode (negative electrode) formation region on the n-type semiconductor layer.
- the substrate 1 1, a sapphire single crystal (A l 2 ⁇ 3; A plane, C plane, M-plane, R-plane), spinel single crystal (M g A 1 2 0 4 ), Z n O single crystal, L i A 1 0 2 single crystal, L i G a 0 2 single crystal, Mg O single crystal and other oxide single crystals, Si single crystal, S i C single crystal, G a As single crystal, A 1 N single crystal crystals, known such as boride single crystal such as G a N monocrystalline and Z r B 2
- the substrate material can be used without any limitation.
- the plane orientation of the substrate is not particularly limited. Also, a just substrate or a substrate provided with an off angle may be used.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 12, the light emitting layer 13, and the p-type semiconductor layer 14, those having various structures are well known, and these well-known materials can be used without any limitation.
- the p-type semiconductor layer only needs to have a general carrier concentration. Even if the p-type semiconductor layer has a relatively low carrier concentration, for example, about 1 X 10 17 cm- 3 , The positive electrode 15 of the IZO film used in the invention can be applied.
- gallium nitride-based compound semiconductors various types of compounds represented by the general formula A 1 x In y G a! -X- y N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x + y ⁇ 1)
- a semiconductor having a composition is well known, and the gallium nitride compound semiconductor constituting the n-type semiconductor layer, the light-emitting layer and the p-type semiconductor layer in the present invention can also be represented by the general formula A l x I n y G a xy N ( Semiconductors with various compositions represented by 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ + y ⁇ 1) can be used without any limitation.
- MO C VD metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- HV PE hydrogen vapor deposition
- MB E molecular beam epitaxy
- All methods known to grow gallium nitride compound semiconductors can be applied.
- a preferred growth method is the MO C VD method from the viewpoint of film thickness controllability and mass productivity.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) or nitrogen (N 2 ) is used as the carrier gas, trimethylgallium (TMG) or triethylgallium (TEG) as the Ga source, and trimethylaluminum (A G) as the A 1 source.
- TMA triethylaluminum
- TMA trimethylindium
- TMI trimethylindium
- TEI Triethylindium
- NH 3 ammonia
- N 2 H 4 hydrazine
- n-type is composed of monosilane (S i H 4 ) or disilane (S i 2 H 6 ) as Si source, and germane (G e H 4 ) or organic germanium compound as G e source.
- Cp 2 Mg biscyclopentadecenyl magnesium
- (E t C p) 2 Mg) bisethylcyclopentagenyl magnesium
- a gallium nitride compound semiconductor wafer 20 having a laminated structure as shown in FIG.
- a buffer layer (not shown) made of AIN is stacked on the substrate 21, and the following layers are placed in order: 0 & 1 ⁇ underlayer 2 2, 11 type 0 & ⁇ conversion layer 2 3, n type A 1 G a N-type cladding layer 24, light-emitting layer 25 consisting of InGaN, p-type A 1 G a N cladding layer 26, and p-type Ga N contact layer 27 are used. be able to. .
- an IZ 0 film including an In 20 3 crystal having a Bixbyite structure is formed as the positive electrode 15.
- the IZ 0 film is formed directly on the p-type semiconductor layer or on the p-type semiconductor layer via a metal layer or the like.
- the driving voltage of the light emitting element can be reduced, but the light transmittance is reduced and the output is lowered. Therefore, the driving voltage and output are balanced according to the use of the light emitting element, etc., and it is determined appropriately whether or not a metal layer is sandwiched between the IZO film and the p-type semiconductor layer.
- the metal layer here, it is preferable to use a layer made of Ni, Ni oxide, Pt ;, Pd, Ru, Rh, Re, or Os.
- a composition having the lowest specific resistance as the Izo film it is preferable to use a composition having the lowest specific resistance as the Izo film.
- the ZnO concentration in IZO is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 15% by mass. 10% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the film thickness of the I Z O film is preferably in the range of 35 nm to L O O O On m (10 m), where low specific resistance and high light transmittance can be obtained. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of production cost, the I Z O film thickness is 10 0 0
- an amorphous IZO film is formed on the entire surface of the p-type semiconductor layer 14.
- the amorphous state is formed on the entire surface of the p-type semiconductor layer 14.
- any known method used for forming a thin film may be used as long as it is a method capable of forming a 1 Z 0 film.
- the film can be formed by a method such as a sputtering method or a vacuum evaporation method, but it is more preferable to use a sputtering method in which particles and dust generated at the time of film formation are smaller than the vacuum evaporation method.
- a sputtering evening method can be deposited by revolves formed by I n 2 ⁇ 3 target and Z n O target RF magnetron sputtering method, in order to increase the more the deposition rate
- IZ ⁇ target may be deposited by DC magnetron sputtering.
- the discharge output of the sputtering is 100 0 0 W or less.
- the amorphous IZO film formed in this way has a well-known photolithography method and etching except for the positive electrode forming region which is the region where the positive electrode 15 is formed on the p-type semiconductor layer 14. As shown in FIG. 2, the patterning is performed only in the positive electrode formation region. The patterning of the I ⁇ O film must be performed before the heat treatment process described below.
- the amorphous I Z O film becomes a crystallized I Z O film, which makes etching difficult compared to the amorphous I Z O film.
- the I Zo film before the heat treatment is in an amorphous state, it can be easily and accurately etched using a known etching solution. For example, I T o
- the etching of the amorphous IZO film may be performed using a dry etching apparatus.
- the etching gas may be C 1 2, S i C 1 4, BC 1 3 or the like.
- the amorphous I Z O film can be processed to have irregularities on the I Z O film surface by using the above-mentioned photolithography method and etching. For example, when an IT0-077N etching solution is used, an unevenness with a depth of 40 nm can be formed in an etching time of 1 minute.
- the concavo-convex processing using this etching can improve the light emission output of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device.
- the reason why the light emission output is improved by uneven processing is as follows: 1. Improvement of light transmittance by thinning the transparent electrode, 2. Increase of light extraction area (IZO film surface area) by uneven processing, 3. On the surface of the transparent electrode Reduction of total reflection can be considered.
- the shape of the concavo-convex process has the effect of improving output regardless of the shape for the reasons 1 to 3 described above.
- the dot shape as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is more preferable because the area of the uneven side surface can be increased.
- the transparent electrode has a lower sheet resistance as the film thickness is increased. Since the current flowing in the pole is likely to diffuse to the entire area of the electrode, it is preferable to have a concavo-convex shape that allows the current to easily flow through the convex portion. Therefore, the dot shape is more preferably a shape having an independent concave portion as shown in FIG. 4 than a shape having an independent convex portion as shown in FIG. Also, if the area of the recess is 1 Z 4 or less of the area of the protrusion, the light output improvement effect is small, and if it is 3 4 or more, the current is difficult to diffuse and the drive voltage rises. The area is preferably 1 Z4 to 3 Z4 of the area of the convex part.
- the film thickness of the recess is 1 Z 2 or less of the film thickness of the protrusion.
- the IZO film in the recess is completely etched, that is, if the thickness of the recess in the IZO film is 0 nm, light from the p-type GaN layer can be extracted without going through the IZO film. Therefore, it is effective for improving output.
- the patterning of the IZO film and the concavo-convex processing can be performed at the same time, and the manufacturing process can be shortened.
- an IZO film having a recess thickness of 0 nm should be used only when the light emission output has priority over the driving voltage of the light emitting element.
- a photolithography method can be used without any limitation as in the case of the patterning described above.
- g-line and i-line steppers nanoimprint equipment, laser exposure Smaller irregularities may be formed using an apparatus, EB (electron beam) exposure apparatus, or the like.
- the amorphous IZO film is made into a crystallized Izo film by performing a heat treatment at 500 ° C. to 100 ° C., for example (heat treatment step).
- a heat treatment step By using a crystallized IZO film, the light transmittance at the emission wavelength of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device can be improved. In particular, in the wavelength region of 3800 nm to 500 nm, the improvement in light transmittance is large. Since the crystallized IZO film is difficult to etch as described above, it is preferable to perform a heat treatment after the etching process described above.
- the heat treatment of the IZO film is preferably performed in an atmosphere that does not contain 0 2, as the atmosphere containing no ⁇ 2, and inert gas atmosphere such as N 2 atmosphere or an inert gas such as N 2
- the atmosphere of the mixed gas of H 2 can be mentioned, and it is desirable to have an N 2 atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of N 2 and H 2 .
- the heat treatment of the IZO film is performed in an N 2 atmosphere or a mixed gas atmosphere of N 2 and H 2 , the IZO film is crystallized and the IZO film sheet is It is possible to effectively reduce the resistance.
- heat treatment of the IZO film should be performed in a mixed gas atmosphere of N 2 and H 2 .
- the ratio of N 2 and H 2 in the mixed gas atmosphere is preferably from 100: 1 to 1: 1.00.
- the sheet resistance of IZ_ ⁇ film is increased.
- the sheet resistance of the IZO film is increased, presumably because oxygen vacancies in the IZ 0 film is reduced.
- the reason why the IZO film is conductive is that the oxygen vacancies are present in the IZO film, thereby generating electrons as carriers.
- the oxygen vacancies that generate carrier electrons are reduced by heat treatment, which reduces the carrier concentration of the IZO film and increases the sheet resistance.
- the heat treatment temperature of the IZO film is preferably from 500 to 100 ° C. Five
- the I Z O film When heat treatment is performed at a temperature lower than 0 0, the I Z O film may not be sufficiently crystallized, and the light transmittance of the I Z 0 film may not be sufficiently high.
- the I ⁇ film When heat treatment is performed at a temperature exceeding 100, the I ⁇ film is crystallized, but the light transmittance of the I ⁇ ⁇ film may not be sufficiently high.
- heat treatment is performed at a temperature exceeding 1100, the semiconductor layer under the I ⁇ ⁇ film may be deteriorated.
- the crystal structure in the I ⁇ ⁇ film differs depending on the film forming conditions and heat treatment conditions. For example, as will be apparent from Experimental Example 2 described later, when heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 700 ° C. to 100 ° C., a bixbite structure is formed in the I Z O film.
- the IZO film In order for the IZO film to contain a Bixbite-produced In 2 0 3 crystal, it is better to heat-treat the IZO film, but the conditions for the heat treatment depend on the method and composition of the IZ0 film. For example, since the decrease of zinc (Z n) concentration in IZ_ ⁇ film becomes low crystallization temperature, it is a IZ_ ⁇ film containing I n 2 0 3 crystal pixels spy bets structure at a lower temperature heat treatment it can. In this embodiment, heat treatment is used to crystallize the IZO film.
- any method can be used as long as the Izo film can be crystallized. For example, a method using an RTA annealing furnace, a method of performing laser annealing, a method of performing electron beam irradiation, or the like may be used. '
- the IZO film crystallized by heat treatment has better adhesion to the p-type semiconductor layer 14 and the positive electrode bonding pad 16 than the amorphous IZO film. Yield reduction can also be prevented.
- the crystallized IZO film has less reaction with moisture in the air than the amorphous IZO film, and has superior chemical resistance such as acid, so the characteristic deterioration in the long-term durability test is small. Is preferable.
- the negative electrode 17 is formed by removing part of the p-type semiconductor layer 14, the light-emitting layer 13, and the n-type semiconductor layer 12 by etching after heat treatment of the IZO film, as shown in FIG.
- the layer 12 is exposed, and a conventionally known negative electrode 17 made of, for example, TiAu is provided on the exposed n-type semiconductor layer 12.
- negative electrodes having various compositions and structures are known, and these known negative electrodes can be used without any limitation.
- a part of the positive electrode 15 on the IZ 0 film layer is provided with a positive bonding pad 16 for electrical connection with a circuit board or a lead frame.
- a positive bonding pad 16 for electrical connection with a circuit board or a lead frame.
- Various structures using materials such as A u, A 1, Ni and Cu are well known for the positive electrode bonding pad 16, and these well known materials and structures can be used without any limitation.
- the thickness of the bonding pad 16 is preferably in the range of 100 to 100 nm.
- the thickness of the positive bonding pad 16 is more preferably 300 nm or more. Further, from the viewpoint of production cost, it is preferable to set it to 500 nm or less.
- a protective layer on the Izo film. Since this protective layer covers the entire area of the IZ film except for the area where the positive electrode bonding pad is formed, it is preferable to use a material with excellent translucency. Furthermore, the p-type semiconductor layer and the n-type semiconductor are used. In order to prevent leakage with the layer, an insulating property is preferable. For example, S i O 2 and A 1 2 0 3 are preferable.
- the thickness of the protective layer may be any film thickness that can prevent oxidation of the IZO film and is excellent in translucency. Specifically, for example, the film thickness is 20 nm to 500 nm. Good film thickness.
- the gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention described above can constitute a lamp by providing a transparent cover by means well known to those skilled in the art.
- a white lamp can also be configured by combining the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention and a cover having a phosphor.
- the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention can be configured as an LED lamp without any limitation using a conventionally known method.
- the lamp can be used for any purpose such as a bullet type for general use, a side pew type for portable backlight use, and a top pew type used for a display.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram for explaining an example of the lamp of the present invention.
- the A lamp 30 shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by mounting a face-up type gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting element of the present invention in a shell shape.
- the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting element 1 shown in FIG. 1 is bonded to one of the two frames 3 1 and 3 2 with a resin or the like, and the positive bonding pad 1 6 and the negative electrode 1 7 is a wire 3 3 and 3 4 made of a material such as gold, and is connected to frames 3 1 and 3 2, respectively.
- a mold 35 made of a transparent resin is formed around the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device 1.
- a lamp manufactured from the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention has a high light output and a low driving voltage, it can be used in mobile phones, displays, panels, and the like incorporating the lamp manufactured by this technology.
- Electronic devices and mechanical devices such as automobiles, computers, and game machines incorporating such electronic devices can be driven at low power and can achieve high characteristics.
- power-saving effects are demonstrated in battery-driven devices such as mobile phones, game machines, toys, and automobile parts.
- the semiconductor layer provided in the semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer, and any compound semiconductor layer may be used.
- an amorphous IZO film (thickness 2550 nm) is formed on a glass substrate, and the obtained 120 film is subjected to N 2 atmosphere at each temperature of 3 00 ° 0 to 800
- the sheet resistance was measured when the heat treatment was performed in a mixed gas atmosphere in which 25% of 0 2 was contained in 1 ⁇ 2 .
- the results are shown in Table 1.
- the sheet resistance was measured using a four-point probe measuring device (Loresta MP MCP-T360, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation).
- Fig. 7 is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of the I Z O film.
- the horizontal axis shows the diffraction angle (2S)), and the vertical axis shows the analytical intensity (s).
- the IZO film that has been heat-treated at a temperature of 400 ° C. or lower is in an amorphous state.
- an X-ray peak consisting of a bixbite-structured In 2 O 3 crystal was observed at a heat treatment temperature of 700 ° C. or higher, and a vicpite-structured In 2 0 3 crystal was observed in the IZO film. I know it exists.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the light transmittance of the IZO film, where the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength (nm) and the vertical axis indicates the light transmittance (%).
- (A), (b), (c), (d) and (e) are respectively at 300 ° C, 60 ° C, 80 ° C and 100 ° 0 before heat treatment. This is the result after heat treatment.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a semiconductor wafer made of a gallium nitride compound semiconductor layer, prepared for use in the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device of this example.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a schematic cross-sectional view and a schematic plan view of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device manufactured in this example.
- the laminated structure of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor wafer 20 has a buffer layer (not shown) made of A 1 N on a substrate 21 made of the c-plane ((0 0 0 1) crystal face) of sapphire.
- the constituent layers 22 to 27 of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor wafer 20 were grown by a general reduced pressure MO C VD means.
- a gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device (see FIG. 1) was fabricated.
- the surface of the p-type GaN contact layer 2 7 of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor wafer 20 is cleaned using HF and HC 1, and then on the p-type GaN contact layer 2 7, An IZO film was formed by sputtering.
- the I Z O film was deposited to a thickness of about 2500 nm by DC magnetron sputtering.
- IZO Yu-ge ⁇ with a Zn ⁇ concentration of 10% by mass was used.
- IZ ⁇ film formation 70 sccm of Ar gas was introduced, and the pressure was about 0.3 Pa. It was.
- the sheet resistance of the I Z O film formed by the above method was 17 ⁇ / sq.
- the IZO film was formed only in the region where the positive electrode on the p-type GaN contact layer 27 was formed by well-known photolithography and wet etching.
- the amorphous IZO film was etched at an etching rate of about 40 nm / min using ITO 07 N as the etchant.
- the positive electrode of the present invention (see reference numeral 15 in FIGS. 1 and 2) was formed on the p-type GaN contact layer 27.
- heat treatment was performed at 80 ° C. for 1 minute using an RTA annealing furnace. In the heat treatment, purging with N 2 gas was performed several times before raising the temperature, and the inside of the R TA annealing furnace was made into an N 2 gas atmosphere.
- the IZO film after the heat treatment showed higher light transmittance in the wavelength region of 3500 to 600 nm than that immediately after the film formation, and the sheet resistance was 10 ⁇ / sq.
- XRD measurements after heat treatment mainly detected X-ray peaks composed of In 2 O 3 crystals with a bixbite structure, confirming that the IZO film was crystallized.
- the back surface of the substrate 11 1 (2 1) made of sapphire was polished using fine diamond abrasive grains, and finally finished to a mirror surface. Thereafter, the wafer 20 was cut, separated into individual 3500 m square chips, placed on a lead frame, and then connected to the lead frame with gold (Au) wire.
- the forward voltage (driving voltage: V f) at a current applied value of 20 mA was measured for these chips by energization with a probe needle.
- the emission power (Po) and emission wavelength were measured with a general integrating sphere.
- the emission distribution on the light-emitting surface confirmed that light was emitted from the entire surface of the positive electrode 15
- the chip had an emission wavelength in the wavelength region near 4600 nm, Vf was 3.24 V, and Po was 12.6 mW.
- Gallium nitride as in Example 1 except that the heat treatment temperatures of the IZO films were 300 ° C. (comparative example), 5 00 ° C., 60 ° 0 ° C., and 700 ° C., respectively.
- a compound semiconductor light emitting device was fabricated and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Figure 9 shows the relationship between the heat treatment temperature of the IZO film and V f and P o of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device.
- the horizontal axis shows the heat treatment temperature (° C) of the IZO film, and the vertical axis shows V f (V) of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device and Po (m W) of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device, respectively.
- a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an uneven shape was formed on the surface of the I Z O film that did not contact the p-type semiconductor layer, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the step of forming the concavo-convex shape was performed before the heat treatment of the IZ 0 film, and wet etching was performed using an ITO-07 7 etching solution in the same manner as the patterning of the IZO film.
- the concavo-convex shape was a cylindrical concave shape with a diameter of 2 m and a depth of 1550 nm, and the cylindrical concave portions were arranged in a staggered manner with a central pitch of 3.
- the obtained gallium nitride compound half The conductor light-emitting element had V f of 3.23 V and Po of 13.5 mW.
- a gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor light-emitting device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the depths of the cylindrical recesses were 20 nm and 2500 nm, respectively, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. did.
- Figure 10 shows the relationship between the depth of the recess on the surface of the IZO film and Vi and Po of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device.
- the horizontal axis is the depth of the recess on the surface of the IZ film (nm), and the vertical axis is V f (V) for the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device, and Po (mW) for the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device, respectively. ).
- V f V
- Po mW
- the depth of the recess formed on the surface of the I Z O film that is not in contact with the p-type semiconductor layer increases the Po of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device. Further, when the depth of the recess is 2500 nm, that is, when the surface of the P-type semiconductor layer of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device is exposed, V f of the gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device increases.
- a gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an ITO film was used for the positive electrode 15.
- a 1 TO film of 2 5 0 11111 was formed on the p-type GaN contact layer 2 7 of the wafer 20 by sputtering.
- Sputtering XRD of measuring Jode after evening has been detected mainly the peak of X-rays consisting of I n 2 ⁇ 3 crystals Bikusupai bets structure, that ITO film before the heat treatment is crystallized was confirmed. Since this ITO film was not etched with the ITO-077 N etching solution used in Example 1, wet etching was performed using HC 1 to form a positive electrode on the p-type GaN contact layer 27. Territory to form The ITO film was formed only in the region.
- gallium nitride compound semiconductor light emitting device was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the resulting gallium nitride compound semiconductor light-emitting device had V f of 3.3 V and Po of 12.5 mW.
- the compound semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention has a high light emission output and a low driving voltage, it has a great industrial utility value as, for example, a lamp.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US12/095,175 US7972952B2 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2007-12-06 | Compound semiconductor light-emitting device and method for manufacturing the same |
CN2007800380511A CN101523626B (zh) | 2006-12-11 | 2007-12-06 | 化合物半导体发光元件和其制造方法 |
KR1020097007418A KR101087601B1 (ko) | 2006-12-11 | 2007-12-06 | 화합물 반도체 발광소자 및 그것의 제조방법 |
EP07850520.3A EP2096684B1 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2007-12-06 | Compound semiconductor light emitting element and method for producing the compound semiconductor light emitting element |
US13/114,113 US20110220872A1 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2011-05-24 | Compound semiconductor light-emitting device and method for manufacturing the same |
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EP (1) | EP2096684B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5201566B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101087601B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN101523626B (ja) |
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WO2009093683A1 (ja) * | 2008-01-24 | 2009-07-30 | Showa Denko K.K. | 化合物半導体発光素子及びその製造方法、化合物半導体発光素子用導電型透光性電極、ランプ、電子機器並びに機械装置 |
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TWD173888S (zh) * | 2014-01-28 | 2016-02-21 | 璨圓光電股份有限公司 | 發光二極體晶片之部分 |
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CN101523626A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
JP5201566B2 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
JP2008147459A (ja) | 2008-06-26 |
US20090267109A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
EP2096684B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
CN101523626B (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
KR101087601B1 (ko) | 2011-11-29 |
TWI392113B (zh) | 2013-04-01 |
US7972952B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
TW200834995A (en) | 2008-08-16 |
EP2096684A4 (en) | 2014-09-03 |
US20110220872A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
KR20090054466A (ko) | 2009-05-29 |
EP2096684A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 |
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