TW504583B - Interferometric modulation of radiation cross reference to related applications - Google Patents

Interferometric modulation of radiation cross reference to related applications Download PDF

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Publication number
TW504583B
TW504583B TW89113021A TW89113021A TW504583B TW 504583 B TW504583 B TW 504583B TW 89113021 A TW89113021 A TW 89113021A TW 89113021 A TW89113021 A TW 89113021A TW 504583 B TW504583 B TW 504583B
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Taiwan
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substrate
micro
patent application
scope
motor
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TW89113021A
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English (en)
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Mark W Miles
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Etalon Inc
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Priority claimed from US09/056,975 external-priority patent/US6674562B1/en
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)

Description

五、發明說明(1 ) 相_關申請案之交 本案,美國專利申請案號08/238,750,08/554,630及 08/769,947,中凊日分別為1994年5月5日,1995年η月6 日及1996年12月19日之部分連續案,該等中請案併述於此 以供參考。 背景 本發明係關於干涉量度的調變。 干涉調變器(IMod)為一類寬廣範圍之裝置其可透過裝 置的干涉量度特性之調變而經由操控導納而調變入射角。 此等裝置之應用包括顯示器,光學處理及光學資訊儲存。 概要 部 財 費 合 作 社 印 製 概略而言於一方面,本發明係有關一種干涉量度調 器包含一由二壁界定的腔穴。至少二臂聯結二壁而允許 壁彼此相對運動。二臂係配置及附著於第—壁,因此可使 第一壁之機械應力經由第一壁大致於第一壁平面之運動 解除。第而 本發明之實務包括一或多個下列結構特徵。第一壁之 運動可為旋轉運動。各臂有二端點,其中—端點係附著: 第一壁及第二端點係附著於一點,該點相對於第-壁為 定。第二端點之附著點就垂直第一壁之軸 7 s,係由附等 於第二壁之端點偏位。第一壁具有二大致筆直邊, 之一端係附著於其中一邊之中央或附著於其令—邊之末 。第三及第四臂也聯結二壁。第三及第四臂界定針輪函 變 固著 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 x 297公釐 A7 五、發明說明(2 ) 第一及苐四|聯結至臂 長度、厚度及位置可配 置而達成預定彈簧常數。 概略而言於另_卡& 辨 $方面’本發明係關於-種干涉量度調 欠盗 冑干涉量度調變ϋ具有-腔穴係由二壁界定 ’及至少二臂聯結二壁而允許二壁彼此相對運動。不同調 變器之壁及臂係配置而達成與二壁彼此相對運動有關的不 同彈簧常數。 概略而^於另一方面,本發明係有關-種製造干涉量 度调變|§之方法,其中带士、 g. ^ 关甲形成一腔穴之二壁其係經由至少二 煮聯釔。形成後,二壁之第一壁被允許於第一壁平面相對 於該等臂運動因而解除第一壁之機械應力。 概略而言於另一方面,本發明係關於一種干涉量度調 變Is其包含三壁其概略彼此平行。三壁被支持而使三壁中 之至少一壁相對於另外二壁運動。控制電路驅動其中至少 壁至分立位置代表該調變器之三種分立操作狀態。 本發明之實務包括一或多個下列結構特徵。於立 狀態之一態,介於二壁之第一壁與第二壁間有一間隙及介 於二壁之第二壁與第三壁間有一間隙。於三種分立狀態 第二態,介於二壁之第一壁與第二壁間有一間隙而介於 壁之第一壁與第二壁間並無間隙。於三種分立狀態之第 態,介於二壁之第一壁與第二壁間並無間隙及介於二壁 第二壁與第三壁間並無間隙。各膜包括介電、金屬或半導 性膜之組舍。 之 之 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規袼(210 X 297公釐)
A7 B7 五、發明說明( 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 概略而言於另一方面,一種干涉調變器包括一由二壁 界定之腔穴’二壁彼此相對來回於二壁大致彼此讀之接 觸位置運動。架設間隔件來構成其中—壁之—部份,因而 縮小二壁接觸於接觸位置上方表面積。 本發明之實務可包括下列一或多種結構特徵。間隔件 包含電極及導體饋送電流至電極。 概略而言於另-方面,本發明係關於一種干涉調變器 I 3自-壁界定之腔穴而二壁係藉流體填補間隙隔開。 二壁彼此相對運動而改變間隙容積。於其中一壁之一孔口 (例如中央圓孔)配置用於控制隨著間隙容積的改變流體移 進或移出間隙的阻尼效果。本發明之實務中,該孔口構成 壁中央之圓孔。 概略而言於另一方面,本發明係關於一種干涉調變器 包含至少二壁其彼此相對運動而界定一腔穴於其間。二壁 之相對位置界定二模態,一模態中,調變器反射入射光而 呈現白色,及另一模態中調變器吸收入射光而呈現^色。 實務上,其中一壁包括電介質夾置於金屬間,及另一壁包 含電介質。 概略而言於另一方面,本發明係關於一種干涉量度 I器包含一腔穴係由二壁界定,附有至少二臂聯結二壁 允許二壁相對運動。調變器之響應時間係經由下列至少 者的組合而控制於預定值:臂長度,其中一壁之厚度, 厚度’阻尼孔之是否存在及尺寸,及調變器附近之周圍 調 而 氣 --------------------訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) , 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公髮) 6
五、 發明說明( 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 t 合 作 社 印 製 體壓力。 概略而言於另一方面,本發明係關於一種干涉量度調 變益包含一腔穴係由二壁界定,至少二臂聯結二壁而允許 二壁彼此相對運動。調變器包括電荷沈積緩和裝置,其包 括至少一致動軌或施加交替極性驅動電壓。 概略而言於另一方面,本發明係關於一種干涉量度調 變器具有-或多腔穴各自係由至少二壁由_擔體夾持界定 。其中至少一壁或擔體具有至少兩種材料因此壁或擔體之 電、機械或光學性質於壁或擔體之截面之不同位置有別。 本發明之實務包括一或多種下列結構特徵。其中至少 一壁及/或擔體具有二或多種分立材料之層合體或梯度。 基板其上方製造微電機結構係完全或大致對氣相餘刻劑的 影響免疫。基板係利用惰性膜塗層而與微電機結構做化學 隔離。兩種材料具有不同且互補的電學、機械或光學性質 概略而.言於另一方面,本發明係關於一種用於一 徵電機結構之方法,其中氣相蝕刻劑用於去除沈積的保護 性層。 本發明之實務包括一或多種下列結構特徵。MEMS具 有干涉調變器其中調變器之一壁係形成於基板上及一電漿 、液相或氣相蝕刻劑係由壁與基板間去除保護性層。氣相 飲刻劑包括下列之任一者:XeF2,Β%,C1F3,BrF5或IF5 。使用的保護性層包括矽、鉬、及鎢、鈕或鍺。 ---------------------—----^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ν 7
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 易 概略而言於另一方面,本發明係關於-種於-生產線 上製造微電機結構陣列之方法,其中電機結構係於大小至 少為8叶X 8叶或8吁直徑之玻璃或塑膠基板表面上頻微機 製。 本發明之實務包括-或多種下列結構特徵。電子結構 特徵係結合MEMS製造。微電機結構具有切調變器Γ形 成電子結構特徵之步驟重疊顯微機製結構之步驟,但於其 它案例則非重疊。 概略而言於另一方面,本發明係關於一種製造表面顯 微機製MEM結構之方法其中保護性層係於一步驟圖樣化 及蝕刻,絕緣層及一次激勵電極係於分開步驟圖樣化及蝕 刻。 概略而言於另一方面,本發明係關於一種製造顯微機 製MEM結構之方法,其中該保護性層、絕緣層及一次激 勵電極係於單一光罩步驟圖樣化及蝕刻。 概略而言於另一方面,本發明係關於一種製造冗 結構之方法,其中一次激勵電極及二次激勵電極係利用蝕 刻不足的絕緣層做電隔離。 其匕優點及特點由後文說明及申請專利範圍將顯然 明 凰式之簡單說明 第1A圖為雙重夾緊iMod之透視圖。第1B圖為具有針 輪繫繩及一阻尼孔之IMod之透視圖。第1C圖為具有針輪 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 x 297公釐) -------·-----·丨.:----—訂--------- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) , 504583 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
五、發明說明(6 ) A7 B7 繫繩及一阻尼孔之IMod之頂視圖。第ID圖為具有筆直繫 繩之IMod之頂視圖。 第2A圖為黑與白IMod之透視圖。第2B圖顯示IMod於 二狀態之侧視圖。第2C圖示例說明IMod之薄膜結構。第2D 圖顯示IMod於其二態之光譜反射函數。 第3A圖顯示多態IMod之透視圖。第3B圖顯示頂視圖 。第3C圖顯示IMod於三態之侧視圖。第3D圖示例說明 IMod之薄膜結構。第3E,3F及3G圖分別顯示綠/白/黑IMod ,紅/白/黑IMod及藍/白/黑IMod之光譜反射函數。 第4A圖顯示多態IMod之各態與驅動電壓間之關係。 第4B圖顯示相關電機械磁滯曲線。第4C圖示例說明作動 此種裝置之驅動電路之一部份。 第5 A圖顯示IMod,示例說明於未驅動態之電荷注入 的影響。第5B圖顯示被驅動的IMod。第5C圖顯示於電荷 移轉後未被驅動的IMod。第5D圖顯示施加相反極性之 IMod。第5E顯示IMod顯示面積縮小的電極配置,费減少 電荷注入的影響以及提供較高的電短路抗性。 第6圖為二IMod之侧視圖示例說明改變彈簧常數之機 構。 第7 A圖顯示單一材料膜繫繩擔體。第7B圖顯示合金 化或梯度材料膜繫繩擔體。 第8A圖顯示於MEM結構製造過程中隔離電極之方法 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 9 -------------裝--------訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) , 川4583 五、發明說明(7 部 智 慧 員 工 消 費 第8B圖顯示於製造過程中隔離電極之更有效方法。 _較佳具體例之詳細說明 IMod之光學阻抗、導納之倒數可被主動修改因而可 調變光線。 其中一種方式(其若干方面述於美國專利申請案 〇8/238,750,中請日1994年5月5日,併述於此以供參考)係 利用變形腔穴,其光學性質可經由以靜電或其它方式變形 一或二腔穴壁改變。此等壁之組成及厚度其包含介電、半 導體或金屬膜層可獲得多種調變器設計,其對外加電壓具 有不同的光學反應。此種方法可視為微電機結構/系統 (MEMS)之一種形式。 另一種主動修改IMod阻抗之方法(其若干方面述於美 國專利申請案08/554,630,申請曰1995年11月6曰,併述 於此以供參考)係利用感應吸收器來調節光反應。此種 IMod可以反射模態作業,且可單純製造於多種基板上。 變形方案及感應吸收器方案典型係以二元模態$乍, 駐在二態之一,或以類比或可調整模態工作駐在二態之連 續範圍之一。此二模態之差異主要係基於IMod結構之機 械設計。 若干應用可使用多態IMod,其可基於其機械及結構 駐在多於二態。多態IM〇d可提供光學性能及數位驅動方 面之若干優點。 MEMS之結構組件具有殘餘薄膜應力,沈積薄膜例如 線 製 本紙張尺度i財關家鮮 10 504583 A7 五、發明說明(8 銘薄膜傾向於收縮及裂開(拉張應力)或向外推且彎曲(壓 縮應力)。多種因素促成此種應力的本質及幅度。此等因 素包括沈積過程之參數以及沈積過程之基板溫度。 控制此種應力可部份決定激勵該結構所需力以及結構 之表、”ς ^/狀。例如自撐式膜具有極高殘餘應力可能需要相 當高驅動電壓才能激勵。由於此等力而可能扭曲或麵曲。 激勵電壓、電機械表現以及最終形狀為IM〇d的主要 特性。該等裝置之應用係利用電機性質。例如大面積顯示 裔需利用此等結構之特有磁滯俾便於像素位置提供「 Amemory」。但如此要求IMQd於指定陣列之表現幾乎為完 全相同方式。由於其表現係由材料的機械性質決定,機械 性質包括殘餘應力,薄膜必須以相當高度一致性沈積於顯 示器面積上。此點並非經常容易達成。 第1A圖為IMod結構設計之示例說明,已經於先前專 利申請案討論。此項設計可描述為「雙重夾緊」梁,其係 由自撐式梁90其支撐或夾緊於二端點92組成。當此禪結構 文到殘餘應力時,膜(梁)高度可能隨應力為壓縮或拉張應 力增減。第1A圖中,膜90顯示於拉張應力狀態,造成膜 面積收縮。因結構係於點92結合至基板,故膜高度由於收 縮減少。相反地,顯示為壓縮應力狀態之膜94嘗試膨脹其 端點結果導致結構高度之淨增減或結構整體彎曲。 第1B圖顯示此種設計的改良。此案例中,活動二次 鏡100透過繫繩102聯結至支柱1〇4。IMod製造於基板106 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(21〇 x 297公釐 1·裝 i I (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ta· 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 11 504583 A7
---------------------訂---------線 C請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ^04583 五、發明說明(10 ) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
A7 此等結構可使用先前專利申請案所述之顯微機製技術製造 。右經適當絕緣結構也可作為底電極,且具有某些優於前 述设計的優點,容後詳述。扮演此種角色可被稱做致動執 。此等結構可於活動膜上製造。 再度參照第1B圖,阻尼孔11〇也可促進此種結構的性 能。當膜被致動亦即向下拉時,膜與基板間的空氣必須排 代。等容積的空氣於膜偏轉為其寂靜位置時必須重補。移 動此種容積空氣所需的能量具有減慢膜的運動或阻尼其表 現的效果。阻尼既有害也有利。減短此等裝置之響應時間 相當要緊俾便支援所需顯示資料速率,如此希望減小阻尼 。但也要緊地必須極為快速將膜調整至固定位置俾減少隨 著時間之經過光之反射量,此非具有預定色彩。若阻尼不 足,則當膜解除至未被驅動狀態時可能出現振鈴振盪或衰 減振盪。此點必須減至最低也可由阻尼部份決定。 阻尼之最適化方法係提供一阻尼孔貫穿膜本體。孔隙 用於提供膜運動過程之空氣補充路徑。如此可縮短^氣排 代或回補所需力,而減少阻尼效果。如此製造過程中選擇 阻尼孔大小可提供操縱IMod阻尼量的機制因而操縱其響 應時間。靜摩擦緩衝槓108也可輔助減少阻尼。其作用方 式係維持膜與基板間的固定距離,因此當膜完全被致動時 介於膜與基板間有道氣流路徑。 另一種阻尼最適化方法係依賴控制周圍氣體壓力。如 先前專利申請案所述,任一種IMod裝置必須使用惰性氣 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱)
--------------^ i. (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) kel -線· 13
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 體封裝於可提供氣密封的容器内部。如此防止引進微粒污 木物及廢氣,二者皆可能使ΙΜΟφ^能隨著時間的經過而 劣化。此種氣體壓力對封裝後裝置將接受的阻尼量有直接 承載。如此阻尼及響應時間也可藉由於製造過程中決定封 裝體内部的周圍氣體壓力而最適化。 反射式扁平面板顯示器的關鍵性能為其亮度。大半顯 示器具有立體色彩,亦即各個像素被劃分為對應於紅、藍 及綠三色的子像素。白係將全部三種子像素之亮度增至最 大達成。不幸因各個子像素僅利用入射光的丨/3,故白態 的總體亮度低。 此點可利用除了特殊色彩以外可直接達成白態的子像 素結構解決。藉此方式因白態之子像素利用顯著較高比例 之入射於子像素上的光線,故可提高顯示器之整體亮度。 專利申請案08/554,630所述IMod設計可反射特定色彩或具 有「黑色」或吸收態。此項設計可修改而包括其它態。 第2 A圖顯示可為黑態及白態之配置之透視圖,且示 例說明前述繫繩配置(第1A圖之雙重夾緊膜亦為有用機械 設計,但具有所述對應力的敏感度)。第2B圖顯示於二態 之IMod,204為未驅動態而206為驅動態。於驅動態時IMod 吸收入射光而對基板202觀察的檢視者而言顯示黑色。於 未驅動態IMod顯示白色。 第2C圖說明薄膜相關細節。活動膜208,210及212包 含金屬、電介質及金屬三張薄膜。一範例利用厚400毫微 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 14 -------、—丨丨-裝i丨—_丨丨丨訂-! —---1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) , 川4583
五、發明說明(12 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
米之鋁作為金屬208,50毫微米之二氧化矽作為電介質21〇 及14.9毫微米之鎢作為金屬212。電介質214需包含厚54 36 毫微米之二氧化鍅膜駐在基板26上。第2d圖示例說明此 種1Mod於二態之光譜反射函數。曲線216及218分別顯示 白恶及黑悲之IΜ 〇 d反射率。 第3 A圖為具有三態之變化例。此種設計中,第2 a圖 没計之薄膜堆疊垛已經分解成分開的活動膜。膜3〇〇為金 屬,本例為厚400亳微米之鋁,膜302亦為金屬,例如14毫 微米之鶴。因鶴太薄,故可能需要光學中性結構膜來提供 所需機械完整性,其可為支撐框形式。二膜間之氣隙係作 為電介質。第3B圖顯示此種IMod之頂視圖,顯示如何致 動細節。此種設計之複雜處為導電膜3〇2屏蔽膜3〇〇不接觸 靜摩擦/致動緩衝槓產生的電場。延長膜3〇〇於區3〇3 , 3〇4 使其伸展超過膜302的足跡,允許膜3〇〇透過路徑305,307 檢視電場如此可受電場作用。 三種可能機械態以及關聯的尺寸示例說明於第圖 。氣隙尺寸308及310可為215亳微米及135毫微米。第3D 圖顯示相關薄膜細節。薄膜320為金屬,322為氣隙其係作 為電介質’ 324亦為金展及326為電介質。第3£圖為三態 之光譜反射作圖°用於所述尺寸,黑態(例如第2態),藍 態(第0態)及白態(第1態)皆為可能,而黑、藍及白態分別 對應於光譜反射圖334 ’ 332及330。第3F圖顯示具有綠及 白態336及234之IMod作圖,第3G圖顯示具有紅及白態340 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) -----I------I -------—訂---------線 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) , 15 504583 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(13 ) 及338之IMod作圖。 類似全部IMod,此種設計具有電機械磁滯,但比僅 有二態之IMod更複雜。有個最低電壓,當外加該最低電 壓時足夠保持一或二膜於驅動或致動態,儘管機械力希望 使其返回其鬆弛位置亦如此。 第4A圖為代表圖顯示外加電壓於IMod態間之關係。 最小偏壓,Vbias為維持IMod於其驅動態所需。第一態及 第二態可藉外加電壓V3及V4達成。相關磁滯圖顯示於第 3B圖,曲線400係對應於第3A圖之活動板302之電機響應 ,及曲線402係對應於活動板300之電機響應。Vbias位在 二曲線中心平均值。第4C圖示例說明致動此種裝置所需 驅動電路之一部份。輸出階段406係由三個電晶體或其它 適當開關並聯連結於三個不同電壓源以及二IMod之活動 板組成。驅動器邏輯404響應輸入信號408,因而允許透過 輸出階段選擇待外加至IMod 410活動膜之特定電壓。當未 外加電壓時,IMod膜係藉由機械力而移動至其鬆弛蒼‘。 另一項於活動膜結構可能遭遇的議題為電荷沈積,該 現象舉例說明於第5A-5C圖。第5A圖中,電壓外加於活動 板500與固定板504間。層502為駐在固定板504頂上的絕緣 膜。若外加電壓足夠致動活動板且使其接觸絕緣體,如第 5B圖所示,則可沈積電荷506於絕緣體上。結果為板5〇〇 與504間的吸引力減低,須外加較高電壓俾便達成致動(第 5C 圖)。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) — — — — — — — — — — — ·1111111 — — — — — — — — — (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) , 16 504583 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(14 ) 此項情況可藉外加交流電壓至結構解決。換言之,對 於每次意圖的致動,改變外加電壓極性故沈積電荷被取消 或被實際利用。第5D圖說明外加反向極性的影響。另一 替代之例係去除固體絕緣體並以空氣替代。第5E圖說明 使用靜摩擦緩衝槓或致動執來達成此項目的。電荷仍然堆 積於此等結構上,但面積遠更小,因此積聚電荷減少。反 | 向極性及靜摩擦緩衝槓也可合併使用。 電短路為此等裝置之另一項考慮重點。再度參照第5 A 圖,活動膜(頂電極)5〇〇及底電極5〇4表面積相等。當裝置 被致動時(第5B圖)絕緣體502之針孔將導致電短路及裝置 故障。利用一種類似第5E圖所示之配置可缓和此種議題 ,經由縮小表面電極表面積而使可產生短路的針孔機率減 少。表面電極或靜摩擦/致動軌也可用作前述緩和靜摩擦 的功能。類似靜摩擦緩衝槓其另外可製造於活動膜上。 | 另一項使得基於IMod之顯示器製造變複雜的議題為 製造全彩顯示器。因IMod之不同色彩係由iMod之未驅動 間隔達成,一種具有三個不同色彩之陣列將為具有三種不 同間隙大小之IMod子陣列。結果對驅動電子將有三種不 同的電機響應。阻尼孔為補償各色彩間電機響應變化之一 種技術。 另一項技術係改變雙重夾緊IMod之膜厚度或繫繩支 撐IMod之繫繩厚度。後述技術示例說明於第6圖。IMod 602 之繫繩600係製造成比IMod 606上繫繩604更薄。相等偏壓 本紙張尺度適用令國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) ------------II---I I 訂--— — — — 11- (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) , 17 504583 A7 B7 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 五、發明說明(15 施加於二者,IMod 602之異位比IMod 606更遠,原因為其 彈簧常數較低。致動此種結構所需力量較小及其機械響應 時間較低,則機械響應時間變成主控。如此有效改變裝置 的總體電機響應,因而提供補償間隔變化之方式。相同技 術也適用於僅有整體膜厚度或其主要部份改變的雙重夾緊 設計。舉例言之,紅色IMod由於未驅動間隔較大故具有 較長的機械響應時間可製造成具有較高彈簧常數。如此可 使其匹配例如藍色IMod致動時間。 於繫繩支撐IMod中,彈簧常數可由繫繩臂長度決定 。較長的繫繩所得彈簧常數較低,及較短的繫繩產生較高 的彈簧常數。可經由改變繫繩附著之活動膜邊緣位置而達 成等量之總裝置間隔。如此連結至膜邊中央的繫、繩具有比 連結至較近端(較遠端)的繫繩分別較低(或較高)彈簧常數 解除活動膜光學性質與結構性質影響的構想係討論於 先刖專利申請案。基本構想係製造一種結構附有分卩^免計 元件且最適化而提供所需機械及結構特性,以及獨立提供 所需光學性質。 第7 A圖顯示一種可能辦法之進一步細節。本案例中 活動膜700係純粹基於其光學性質選擇,及膜繫繩7〇2係基 於其優異機械性質選擇。例如鋁由光學方面而言可用於若 干IMod設計,但就機械上而言其容易出現疲勞斷裂及應 力斷裂。較為適合的材料為類似氧化鋁,氧化矽或或氮化 -----II----會——---- —訂---------- 畢 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) ,
504583 A7
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 矽之電介質其可用於構成繫繩。 、第7B圖示例說明該主題之變化例’其中繫繩係由層 合或梯度材料組成。層合材料中,層706及710須包含氧化 銘膜提供良好機械性質,膜7〇8可為銘提供導電性。對梯 度材料而言,層71G_7()6可由連續變化材料沈積組成,使 内層為触’而外層為純氧化|g ^此種辦法藉機械方面而 言比層合物更為強勁。此種技術之其它表徵亦屬可能,包 括使用不同種材料以及其它材料變化。 先前專利申請案敘述之概略製法係基於表面顯微機製 的構想,於表面沈積一層保護性層,一結構形成於其頂上 ,然後蝕刻去除保護性層。電漿蝕刻為前述採用之辦法之 一。另一種特別感興趣之蝕刻化學利甩氣相蝕刻劑去除保 濩性層。候選者包括稱做XeF2,BrF3,C1F3,BrF5*IF5之 氣體。此等氣體具有可自發蝕刻矽及鎢等材料之優異性質 而無須電漿來激發蝕刻過程。由於其為氣相蝕刻,故與濕 式蝕刻相反,保護性蝕刻步驟遠更複雜,於有用的U冓材 料種類上提供更多的彈性變化。此外,其有助於製造具有 較為複雜内部結構之較為精緻裝置。 概略而言顯示應用要求可製造於相當大基板上。雖然 許多顯示裝置成品可小於1平方吋,但大半直接檢視顯示 器始於若干平方吋且可大致數百平方吋或以上。此外,此 等顯示器利用玻璃或塑膠基板其未見於傳統半導體製造工 廒。MEMS主要係以矽為主且於矽基板上製造為過去於半 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐)
19 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 504583 A7 B7 五、發明說明(17) 導體類型設施製造。但由於需要於大基板上製造大MEM 裝置陣列,故基於IMod顯示器之需求無法使用傳統半導 體製造實務或設施達成。 另外,有一種大型成長中的設施其也可應用於製造大 型IMod陣列及其它MEMS。此種製造基礎包括目前用於製 造主動矩陣LCD的設施及工廠。William C. O’Mara之「液 晶扁平面板顯示器」一書併述於此以供參考。此等設施為 適當的原因係大半製程與主動矩陣逐漸有關,亦即驅動 LCD的薄膜電晶體(TFT)陣列。雖然有多種TFT製法,但 皆共有若干組件使其適合製造大表面積表面顯微機製 MEMS。首先,上選的基板為玻璃或塑膠其易以大尺寸取 得。此等材料的雜質可經由於製造前沈積有機或無機薄膜 如金屬氧化物膜於基板頂上而與製造結構做化學隔離。此 外沈積的關鍵材料包括石夕、嫣、i目、鍺及組,全部皆適合 作為氣相蝕刻劑之保護性材料;以及五氧化钽,二氧化矽 ,氮化矽及鋁其適合作為光學、絕緣、結構、光學f導電 材料。通常全部微影術處理工具及試驗皆係針對大陣列及 大面積裝置。最後TFT之製法可用於合併MEM裝置製造電 子裝置俾便提供驅動器電路及智慧型邏輯功能。如此結合 氣相蝕刻,主動矩陣LCD工廠及其關聯的製法可獲得方便 有用的基於IMod之顯示器的製造媒介,特別通常為大面 積(至少達8吋x8吋或8吋直徑)MEM裝置。 兩種TFT及IMod或其它MEM裝置之概略製法可描述 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 20 -------------------訂---------線11^ (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) , 504583 A7 B7 五、發明說明(18 為解除耦合及重疊。於前者首先製造所需基於TFT之電路 ,隨後製造IMod。更為有效的辦法係製造TFT陣列及iM〇d 陣列,因此允許共有或重疊各製程步驟。代表性TFT製程 順序顯示如後: 1·沈積閘體金屬(例如鉬或鈕)。 2.圖樣化閘體金屬。 3·沈積絕緣體及非晶形矽。 4 ·圖樣化絕緣體及碎。 5 ·沈積顯示器電極(例如鋁)。 6·圖樣化顯示器電極。 -------------裝·1 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
7.沈積源/汲/信號線金屬(鋁) 8·圖樣化源/沒/信號線。 9. 圖樣化矽。 10. 沈積被動薄膜。 代表性IMod製程順序顯示如後: 管 1·沈積電介質/一次鏡(鉬或钽用於一次鏡) 2 ·圖樣化一次鏡。 3 ·沈積絕緣體及非晶形石夕。 4.圖樣化絕緣體及非晶形石夕。 5·沈積二次鏡(紹)。 6.圖樣化二次鏡。 7·蝕刻保護性層(矽)。 比較兩種製程順序顯示步驟U於基礎上功能相當, 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) 訂 21 504583 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 A7 B7 五、發明說明(19 ) 顯然位在其個別順序的相等位置。此種類似性有利於以多 種方式解除耦合或重疊兩種製法。首先材料類似可減少所 需專用沈積工具總數以及蝕刻劑化學數目。其次’相當步 驟所在位置相同可使整體製程流流線化。最後對重疊製程 而言有若干步驟可共用。結果整體減少製造IMod陣列及 TFT電路所需製程步驟總數,降低複雜度及成本。通常 AMLCD之主動矩陣組件之製造方法及設施顯然適合用於 囊造IMod 〇 結構之表面顯微機製可使用第8A及8B圖示例說明之 方法而簡化。第8 A圖示例說明一種製造隔離一次電極之 技術。於步驟1經由光罩802已經圖樣化一次電極800且於 基板804蝕刻。於步驟2,已經隨同保護性材料808沈積全 面性絕緣層806及光罩810。最終於步驟3,保護性層經過 圖樣化及蝕刻,二次電極812沈積於其上。可見絕緣層806 提供二次電極812與一次電極800間的電絕緣。此種方法要 求使用形成光罩802及810之兩次光罩化步驟。 響 第8B圖顯示簡化順序。步驟1顯示一次電極8〇〇,絕 緣體806及保護性層808以光罩層802以全面方式沈積就位 。於步驟2,已經蝕刻層8〇〇,806及808,光罩802已經被 去除。此種蝕刻之差異為絕緣層806並未由於過度蝕刻一 次電極800而被蝕刻不足。如此產生絕緣凸耳。此種凸耳 可經由適當選擇相關材料及蝕刻劑達成。若保護性層8〇8 為矽製成,絕緣層806係由二氧化矽製成,及一次電極8〇〇 本纸張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) ------— II----9.II (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂---------線一 22 i
五、發明說明(20 ) 係由職成,料層可使料氧化氫溶液及水過度關而 對石夕或-乳切無影響。然後二次電極812以全面方式於 步驟3沈積。絕緣層8〇6錢提供—次與二次電極綱與咖 間的絕緣’原因為絕緣凸耳可防止_次電極刪於二次電 極/尤積過6巾接觸二次電極812。整體效果為介於二電極 間形成絕緣障壁層所需的光罩步驟減少一次。原因為單一 光罩沈積可提供界定三層使用之多重蝕刻劑圖樣。 其它具體例係屬如下申請專利範圍之範圍。 --------------裝—— (請先閱讀背面之注音?事項再填寫本頁) m__ 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 黯·- 訂----------線 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公爱) 504583 A7 B7 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 Γ 五、發明說明(21) 2 6...基板 90.. .膜 92…端點 94.. .膜 100.··鏡 102…繫繩 104…支柱 106.. .基板 108…靜摩擦缓衝槓 202…基板 204…非驅動態 206.. .驅動態 208…金屬 210.. .電介質 212···金屬 214.. .電介質 216-8…曲線 3 0 0 - 2...活動板 303-4...區 305-7...路徑 308-310.••氣隙尺寸 元件標號對照 334-6·.·綠白態 338-40·.·紅白態 400-2···曲線 404.··驅動器邏輯 408.. .輸入信號 410··.干涉調變器 500···活動板 502…絕緣膜 504…固定板 506.. .電荷 600··.繫繩 602…干涉調變器 604··.繫繩 606…干涉調變器 $ 700.. .活動膜 702.. .膜繫繩 706···層 708··.薄膜 710···層 800…一次電極 802.··光罩 I---------------^-----丨訂---------線 <請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) , 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 24 504583 A7 B7 五、發明說明(22 320.. .金屬 322.. .氣隙 324…金屬 326.. .電介質 8 0 4...基板 806…絕緣層 808.. .保護性材料 810.. .光罩 330-4...鏡面反射作圖812…二次電極
經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁)
本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 25

Claims (1)

  1. 504583 A8B8C8D8 六、申請專利範園 .補究/ ! 弟089113021號專利再審查案申請專利範圍修正本 修正曰期·· 90年12月 1· 一種用於製造微電機結構之方法,其包含 使用一氣相蝕刻劑去除沈積保護性層,其中所使用 之保護性層包括鉬、鈕、鈦或鍺。 2. 如申凊專利*圍第」項之方法,其中微電機結構沈積於 其上之基板係製造成實質上不受氣相蝕刻劑的影響。 3. 如申請專利範圍第旧之方法,其中該基板係藉由曰惰性 薄膜塗層而與微電機結構之化學作用隔離。 4·如申請專利範圍第!項之方法,其中該微電機結構包含 :干涉調變II其中該調變器之—壁係形成於基板上及 電漿、液相或氣相蝕刻劑由壁與基板間去除該保護性層 5.如申請專利範圍第4項之方法,其中該氣㈣刻劑包含 下列任一者:XeF2、BrFs、C1F3、BrF5 或 IF5。 6· -種於生產線上製造微電機結構陣列之方法,其包含 顯微機製電機結構於至少大小為8吋χ 8吋或8吋 直徑之玻璃或塑膠基板表面上。 7. 如中請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該等電子結構特徵 係合併微電機結構製造。 8. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中該微電機結構包含 干涉調變器。 9. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中形成電子結構特徵 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) Μ規格(21〇χ297公幻 ^04583 A8 B8 C8 D8
    六、申請專利範圍 之步驟係與顯微機製結構之步驟重疊。 10·如申請專利範圍第6項之方法,其中形成電子結構特徵 之步驟係非與顯微機製結構之步驟重疊。 U· —種裝置,其包含: 一微電機元件,該微電機元件包含一被部份地放置於一 基片上之第一個一或多層薄膜,並被構形成為與一保護 性成分相接觸,該保護性成分包含第二個一或多層薄膜 ,並可被一氣相蝕刻劑所蝕刻,其中該基片實質上不受 讓氣相蝕刻劑所影響。 12.如申請專利範圍第丨丨項之裝置,其中該微電機元件包含 一干涉調變器。 13·如申請專利範圍第丨丨項之裝置,其中該氣相蝕刻劑包含 下列任一者:XeF2、BrF3、C1F3、BrF5、IF5。 14·如申請專利範圍第”項之裝置,其中該保護性成分包含 矽、鉬、鎢、鈕、鈦或鍺。 15· —種藉由下述方法形成之可移動微電機元件,該方法包 含: 在一基片上放置一保護層; 在该保護層和該基片上放置一微電機結構,該微電機結 構包含至少一薄膜;以及 使用一氣相蝕刻劑蝕刻該保護層,以由該保護層釋出該 微電機結構。 如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,該方法進一步包含:由 本紙張尺度適财賴家標準(CNS) A4規格(210X297公釐) (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁}
    27 A8 B8 C8 D8 、申請專利範圍 該微電機結構化學性分離該基片。 17·如申請專利範圍第16項之方法,其中該化學性分離包含 沉積一薄膜在塗佈有該薄膜之基片上。 18·如申請專利範圍第15項之方法,其中該微電機元件包含 一干涉調變器。 19·如申請專利範圍第15項之裝置,其中該氣相蝕刻劑包含 下列任一者:XeF2、BrF3、C1F3、BrF5、IF5。 2〇·如申請專利範圍第15項之裝置,其中談保護性成分包含 矽、鉬、鎢、鈕、鈦或鍺。 21 · —種方法,其包含: 在一基片上放置一保護層; 在該保護層和該基片上放置至少一薄膜;以及 使用一氣相餘刻劑餘刻該保護層,以形成一微電機結構 〇 22.如申請專利範圍第21項之方法,該方法進一步包含由該 微電機結構化學性分離該基片。 23·如申請專利範圍第22項之方法,其中該化學性分離包含 沉積一薄膜在塗佈有該薄膜之基片上。 24·如申請專利範圍第21項之方法,其中該微電機元件包含 一干涉調變器。 25.如申請專利範圍第21項之方法,其中該氣相蝕刻劑包含 下列任一者:XeF2、BrF3、C1F3、BrF5、IF5。 26·如申請專利範圍第21項之方法,其中該保護性成分包含 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) •、可丨
    28 A8 B8 C8 D8 、申請專利範圍 矽、鉬、鎢、鈕、鈦或鍺。 27· —種裝置,該裝置包含: 一可移動微電機元件,該微電機元件包含利用一保護成 分之氣相餘刻由一基片部份地釋出之第一個一或多層 薄膜,該保護性成分包含第二個一或多層薄膜,其可於 餘刻前將該微電機元件機械性地限位於該基片。 28.如申請專利範圍第27項之裝置,其中該基片被構形成由 該微電機結構化學性地分離。 29·如申請專利範圍第28項之裝置,其中該基片藉由一薄膜 塗層而被化學性地由該微電機元件分離。 30.如申請專利範圍第27項之裝置,其中該微電機元件係為 一干涉調變器。 31·如申請專利範圍第27項之裝置,其中該氣相蝕刻劑包含 下列任一者:XeF2、BrF3、C1F3、BrF5、IF5。 32.如申請專利範圍第27項之裝置,其中該保護性成分包含 矽、鉬、鎢、鈕、鈦或鍺。 33· 一種裝置,該裝置包含: 一被構形成為不受氣相蝕刻的影響之基片; 一部份地被設置於該基片上之干涉調變器,該干涉調變 器包含第一個一或多層薄膜,且被構形為與一保護性成 刀相接觸,該保護性成分包含第二個一或多層薄膜,其 中該保護性成分被構形為界定該干涉調變器之光學特 性’以及其中該保護性成分可藉由氣相蝕刻劑蝕刻。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 、可|
    29 504583 A8 B8 C8 D8 六、申請專利範圍 34. 如申請專利範圍第33項之裝置,其中該氣相蝕刻劑包含 下列任一者:XeF2、BrF3、C1F3、BrF5、IF5。 35. 如申請專利範圍第33項之裝置,其中該保護性成分包含 石夕、鉬、鶴、组、鈦或錯。 36. 如申請專利範圍第33項之裝置,其中該基片被構形成由 該微電機結構化學性地分離。 37. 如申請專利範圍第33項之裝置,其中該基片藉由一薄膜 塗層而被化學性地分離。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂丨 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 30
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US20070139758A1 (en) 2007-06-21
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US7301704B2 (en) 2007-11-27
US20110170167A1 (en) 2011-07-14
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US9110289B2 (en) 2015-08-18
US20060262380A1 (en) 2006-11-23
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WO1999052006A2 (en) 1999-10-14

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