TW201805406A - 用於有機電致發光裝置之材料 - Google Patents
用於有機電致發光裝置之材料 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201805406A TW201805406A TW106106684A TW106106684A TW201805406A TW 201805406 A TW201805406 A TW 201805406A TW 106106684 A TW106106684 A TW 106106684A TW 106106684 A TW106106684 A TW 106106684A TW 201805406 A TW201805406 A TW 201805406A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 122
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 82
- -1 NR 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004475 heteroaralkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005553 heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006413 ring segment Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005055 alkyl alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001716 carbazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- LKUZYIOHNJDVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1Br Chemical group COC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1Br LKUZYIOHNJDVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 Cc(c(C)c(*)c(I)c1*2)c1-c1c2c(*)c(*)c(-c(c(*)c23)c(*)c(*)c2[n](*)c2c3c(*)c(*)c(*)c2*)c1* Chemical compound Cc(c(C)c(*)c(I)c1*2)c1-c1c2c(*)c(*)c(-c(c(*)c23)c(*)c(*)c2[n](*)c2c3c(*)c(*)c(*)c2*)c1* 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CLVWLGHIUJUBMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1Br Chemical compound OC1=C(C=CC=C1)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1Br CLVWLGHIUJUBMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VFPOQFKXWIZGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [8-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)dibenzofuran-1-yl]boronic acid Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=CC=CC=C2C=2C=C(C=CC1=2)C=1C=CC2=C(C3=C(O2)C=CC=C3B(O)O)C=1 VFPOQFKXWIZGSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sphos Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 VNFWTIYUKDMAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1 BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AITNMTXHTIIIBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(Br)C=C1 AITNMTXHTIIIBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2CO)O)CC(O)=O)=C1O RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXJVBQYWIRFZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4'-(3-chlorophenyl)-9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound ClC=1C=C(C=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=2C3(C4=CC=CC=C4C1=2)C1=CC=CC=C1C=1C=CC=CC=13 AXJVBQYWIRFZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SNFCXVRWFNAHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,9'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C21 SNFCXVRWFNAHQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001194 electroluminescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000596 cyclohexenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrophenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glymidine Chemical compound N1=CC(OCCOC)=CN=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFWPJPIVLCBXFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005244 neohexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- VXNSQGRKHCZUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octylbenzene Chemical compound [CH2]CCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 VXNSQGRKHCZUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002568 propynyl group Chemical group [*]C#CC([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDISDVBCNPLSDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[2,3-g]quinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=CC3=CC=CN=C3C=C21 GDISDVBCNPLSDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000948 quinine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RONWGALEIBILOG-VMJVVOMYSA-N quinine sulfate Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 RONWGALEIBILOG-VMJVVOMYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CGRKYEALWSRNJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;2-methylbutan-2-olate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC(C)(C)[O-] CGRKYEALWSRNJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl borate Chemical compound COB(OC)OC WRECIMRULFAWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1C COIOYMYWGDAQPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10K50/12—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers comprising dopants
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- H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
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- H10K85/6574—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only oxygen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. cumarine dyes
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Abstract
本發明描述帶有二苯并呋喃或二苯并噻吩基之胺類與咔唑之組合,特別是將其作為有機電致發光裝置中之三重態基質材料。本發明進一步關於製備本發明化合物之方法及包含這些化合物之電子裝置。
Description
本發明描述帶有二苯并呋喃或二苯并噻吩基之胺類與咔唑之組合,特別是將其作為有機電致發光裝置中之三重態基質材料。本發明進一步關於製備本發明化合物之方法及包含這些化合物之電子裝置。
使用有機半導體作為功能性材料之有機電致發光裝置(OLED)的結構乃述於例如US 4539507、US 5151629、EP 0676461及WO 98/27136中。所用之發光材料經常為顯現磷光之有機金屬錯合物。基於量子力學的原因,使用有機金屬化合物作為磷光發光體可達到最多四倍的能量效率及功率效率。大體而言仍需要對OLED,亦特別是顯現磷光之OLED,例如在效率、操作電壓及壽命方面進行改善。
磷光OLED的性質不是僅藉由所用的三重態發光體決定。更尤其,所用之其他材料例如基質材料在此處亦具有特別意義。故對這些材料的改善亦導致OLED性質的明顯改善。
大體而言,在這些材料作為基質材料的情況下,仍然需要進行改善,尤其在關於壽命及氧化敏感性方面,且亦在關於裝置之效率及操作電壓方面。
本發明之目的係提供適用於磷光或螢光OLED中特別地作為基質材料之化合物。更尤其,本發明之目的係提供適於供發出紅色、黃色及綠色磷光之OLED及亦可適於供發出藍色磷光之OLED用的基質材料,且其可導致長壽命、良好效率及低操作電壓。尤其,基質材料的性質亦對有機電致發光裝置的壽命及效率具有實質的影響。
令人驚訝地發現,含有下列式(1)或(2)化合物之電致發光裝置具有優於先前技藝之改善,特別是當作為供磷光摻雜劑用之基質材料時。
JP 2012-049518揭示二苯并呋喃,其被二苯胺取代且亦被咔唑取代。
WO 2013/120577揭示被至少一個胺取代之9,9'-螺雙茀,該胺可帶有二苯并呋喃作為基團。
其中所用之符號如下:X 為O或S;Ar 為具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R基取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統;Ar1 於每一情況為相同或不同且為具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R4基取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統;Ar2 為具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R基取代之二價芳族或雜芳族環系統;
Ar3 為具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R基取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統;R 於每一情況為相同或不同且選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN、NO2、C(=O)R4、C(=O)Ar1、P(=O)(Ar1)2、P(Ar1)2、B(Ar1)2、N(R4)2、N(Ar1)2、具1至20個碳原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具3至20個碳原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具2至20個碳原子之烯基(各者分別可被一或多個R4基取代,其中一或多個非相鄰CH2基可被R4C=CR4、C=O、C=S、C=NR4、P(=O)(R4)、SO、SO2、NR4、O、S或CONR4替代且其中一或多個氫原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2替代)、具有5至40個芳族環原子且於每一情況中可被一或多個R4基取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統、具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R4基取代之芳氧基或雜芳氧基、或具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R4基取代之芳烷基或雜芳烷基;同時,鍵結至同一碳原子或鍵結至相鄰碳原子的兩個R取代基隨意地可形成可被一或多個R4基取代之單環或多環脂族或芳族環系統;R1 於每一情況為相同或不同且選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN、NO2、C(=O)R4、C(=O)Ar1、P(=O)(Ar1)2、P(Ar1)2、B(Ar1)2、具1至20個碳原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具3至20個碳原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具2至20個碳
原子之烯基(各者分別可被一或多個R4基取代,其中一或多個非相鄰CH2基可被R4C=CR4、C=O、C=S、C=NR4、P(=O)(R4)、SO、SO2、NR4、O、S或CONR4替代且其中一或多個氫原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2替代)、具有5至40個芳族環原子且於每一情況中可被一或多個R4基取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統、具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R4基取代之芳氧基或雜芳氧基、或具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R4基取代之芳烷基或雜芳烷基;同時,鍵結至相鄰碳原子的兩個R1取代基隨意地可形成可被一或多個R4基取代之單環或多環之脂族、芳族或雜芳族環系統;R2 於每一情況為相同或不同且選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN、NO2、C(=O)Ar1、C(=O)R4、P(=O)(Ar1)2、P(Ar1)2、B(Ar1)2、N(R4)2、具1至20個碳原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具3至20個碳原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具2至20個碳原子之烯基(各者分別可被一或多個R4基取代,其中一或多個非相鄰CH2基可被R4C=CR4、C=O、C=S、C=NR4、P(=O)(R4)、SO、SO2、NR4、O、S或CONR4替代且其中一或多個氫原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2替代)、具有5至40個芳族環原子且於每一情況中可被一或多個R4基取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統、具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R4基取代之芳氧基或雜芳氧基、或具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R4
基取代之芳烷基或雜芳烷基;同時,鍵結至相鄰碳原子的兩個R2取代基隨意地可形成可被一或多個R4基取代之單環或多環之脂族、芳族或雜芳族環系統;R4 於每一情況為相同或不同且選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN、NO2、N(R5)2、C(=O)R5、具1至20個碳原子之直鏈烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具3至20個碳原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基或具2至20個碳原子之烯基(各者分別可被一或多個R5基取代,其中一或多個非相鄰CH2基可被R5C=CR5、C=O、C=S、C=NR5、P(=O)(R5)、SO、SO2、NR5、O、S或CONR5替代且其中一或多個氫原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I、CN或NO2替代)、具有5至40個芳族環原子且於每一情況中可被一或多個R5基取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統、具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R5基取代之芳氧基或雜芳氧基、或具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R5基取代之芳烷基或雜芳烷基;同時,鍵結至同一碳原子或相鄰碳原子的兩個R4取代基隨意地可形成可被一或多個R5基取代之單環或多環之脂族、芳族或雜芳族環系統;R5 於每一情況為相同或不同且選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、CN、具有1至20個碳原子之脂族烴基、或具有5至30個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(其中一或多個氫原子可被D、F、Cl、Br、I或CN替代且其可被一或多個各具有1至4個碳原子之烷基取代);
同時,二或多個相鄰之R5取代基可一起形成單或多環之脂族環系統;n 為0或1;其中式(1)中的一個R2及式(2)中鍵結至碳原子的一個R2及一個R1被單鍵替代,亦即式(1)中的一個R2基及式(2)中鍵結至碳原子的一個R2基及一個R1基不存在且被單鍵替代。
本發明上下文中的相鄰碳原子為彼此直接鍵結之碳原子。
本發明上下文中之稠合芳基為其中二或多個芳族基彼此沿著共同的邊稠合(亦即增環(annellated))的基團,例如於萘中者。對照之下,例如,茀在本發明上下文中不是稠合芳基,因為茀中的兩個芳族基並不具有共同的邊。
本發明上下文中之芳基含有6至40個碳原子;本發明上下文中之雜芳基含有2至40個碳原子及至少一個雜原子,前提是碳原子及雜原子的總和為至少5。雜原子較佳地選自N、O及/或S。芳基或雜芳基在此處要理解為意指簡單芳族環,亦即苯,或簡單雜芳族環例如吡啶、嘧啶、噻吩等等,或稠合芳基或雜芳基例如萘、蒽、菲、喹啉、異喹啉等等。
本發明上下文中之芳族環系統於環系統中含有6至40個碳原子。本發明上下文中之雜芳族環系統於環系統中含有1至40個碳原子及至少一個雜原子,前提是碳原子及雜原子的總和為至少5。雜原子較佳地選自N、O及/或S。本發明上下文中之芳族或雜芳族環系統應理解為意指系統未必僅含有芳基或雜芳基,其中亦可有二或多個芳基或雜芳基被非芳族單元(較佳地小於10%之非氫的原子)例如碳、氮或氧原子或羰基插入。故例如,諸如9,9’-螺雙茀、9,9-二芳基茀、三芳基胺、二芳基醚、茋等等系統在本發明上下文中亦應視為芳族環系統,且同樣地其中二或多個芳基例如被直鏈或環狀烷基或被矽基插入的系統亦如是。此外,其中二或多個芳基或雜芳基彼此直接鍵結之系統例如聯苯、聯三苯、聯四苯或聯吡啶同樣地應視為芳族或雜芳族環系統。
本發明上下文中之環狀烷基、烷氧基或烷硫基要理解為意指單環、雙環或多環基。
本發明上下文中,其中個別氫原子或CH2基亦可被上
述基團取代之C1-至C20-烷基要理解為意指例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、環丙基、正丁基、異丁基、二級丁基、三級丁基、環丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、二級戊基、三級戊基、2-戊基、新戊基、環戊基、正己基、二級己基、三級己基、2-己基、3-己基、新己基、環己基、1-甲基環戊基、2-甲基戊基、正庚基、2-庚基、3-庚基、4-庚基、環庚基、1-甲基環己基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、環辛基、1-雙環[2.2.2]辛基、2-雙環[2.2.2]辛基、2-(2,6-二甲基)辛基、3-(3,7-二甲基)辛基、金剛烷基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、1,1-二甲基-正己-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正庚-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正辛-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正癸-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正十二烷-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正十四烷-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正十六烷-1-基、1,1-二甲基-正十八烷-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正己-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正庚-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正辛-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正癸-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正十二烷-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正十四烷-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正十六烷-1-基、1,1-二乙基-正十八烷-1-基、1-(正丙基)環己-1-基、1-(正丁基)環己-1-基、1-(正己基)環己-1-基、1-(正辛基)環己-1-基及1-(正癸基)環己-1-基。烯基要理解為意指例如,乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、環戊烯基、己烯基、環己烯基、庚烯基、環庚烯基、辛烯基、環辛烯基或環辛二烯基。炔基要理解為意指例如,乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基、庚炔基或辛炔基。C1-至C40-烷氧基要理解為意指例如,甲氧基、三氟
甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、二級丁氧基、三級丁氧基或2-甲基丁氧基。
芳族或雜芳族環系統,其具有5-40個芳族環原子且亦可於每一情況中被上述基團取代且其可經由任何期望位置連接至芳族或雜芳族系統者,要理解為意指例如衍生自下列之群組:苯、萘、蒽、苯并蒽、菲、苯並菲、芘、筷、苝、尹、苯并尹、稠四苯、稠五苯、苯并芘、聯苯、伸聯苯、聯三苯、伸聯三苯、茀、螺雙茀、二氫菲、二氫芘、四氫芘、順-或反-茚并茀、順-或反-單苯并茚并茀、順-或反-二苯并茚并茀、參茚并苯、異參茚并苯、螺參茚并苯、螺異參茚并苯、呋喃、苯并呋喃、異苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、異苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吲哚并咔唑、茚并咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、異喹啉、吖啶、啡啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、啡噻、啡、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑、菲并咪唑、吡啶并咪唑、吡并咪唑、喹啉并咪唑、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑、蒽并唑、菲并唑、異唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、嗒、苯並嗒、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹啉、1,5-二氮雜蒽、2,7-二氮雜芘、2,3-二氮雜芘、1,6-二氮雜芘、1,8-二氮雜芘、4,5-二氮雜芘、4,5,9,10-四氮雜苝、吡、啡、啡、啡噻、螢紅環、啶、氮雜咔唑、苯并咔啉、啡啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-
二唑、1,2,3-噻二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、喋啶、吲哚及苯并噻二唑。
本發明之一實施態樣中,當n為0時,則Ar及Ar3不均為苯基。
Ar及Ar3基團彼此不藉由除了經由氮原子以外的鍵連接。
本發明之一實施態樣中,式(1)中的咔唑基不經由其2位置鍵結至二苯并呋喃或二苯并噻吩。
其中指數及符號相當於式(1)及(2)中之指數及符號。
本發明之進一步較佳實施態樣中,Ar及/或Ar3於每一情況為相同或不同且為具有6至24個芳族環原子、較佳地6至18個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統,且最佳地為具有6至12個芳族環原子之芳族環系統及具有6至13個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統,各者分別可被一或多個R基取代,但較佳地未經取代。適當Ar及Ar3基團之實例於每一情況為相同或不同且選自由下列所組成之群組:苯基、鄰-、間-或對位聯苯基、聯三苯基、特別地支鏈聯三苯基、聯四苯基、特別地支鏈聯四苯基、1-、2-、3-或4-茀基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、1-、2-、3-或4-二苯并呋喃基及1-、2-、3-或4-二苯并噻吩基,各者分別可被一或多個R基取代,但較佳地未經取代。
其中符號相當於式(1)中的符號,此外,Q 於每一情況為相同或不同且為CR4或N,其中每
環不超過3個Q符號為N;E 於每一情況為相同或不同且為NR4、C(R4)2、O、S或C=O;G 於每一情況為NR4、C(R4)2、O、S或C=O;且* 表示鍵結至氮原子的鍵。
較佳地,最多一個Q為N。最佳地,沒有Q為N。
進一步較佳實施態樣中,Ar及Ar3基團於每一情況選自具有式(Ar-1)至(Ar-16)結構的基團,其中以上通式被下式(Ar-1-1)至(Ar-16-6)之個別特別較佳實施態樣所替代(例如,式(Ar-1)被式(Ar-1-1)至(Ar-1-9)中之一者替代):
其中符號相當於式(Ar-1)至(Ar-16)中的符號。式可於任意位置被R4取代。
其中符號相當於式(Ar-1)至(Ar-16)中的符號。式可於任意位置被R4取代;彼等較佳地未經取代。
其中符號相當於式(Ar-1)至(Ar-16)中的符號。式可於任意位置被R4取代;彼等較佳地未經取代。
進一步之實施態樣中,Ar2為二價芳族環系統,其具有5至40個芳族環原子且可被一或多個R基取代,較佳地具有5至30芳族個芳族環原子且更佳地具有6至18個芳族環原子。
其中所用之符號具有式(1)所給予之定義且兩個末端單鍵為鍵結至相鄰基團的鍵。基團可於任意位置被R4取代。彼等較佳地未經取代。
較佳地,Ar2於每一情況選自式(Ar2-1)及(Ar2-2)之結構。
其中符號具有所給予的定義且兩個末端單鍵表示鍵結至相鄰基團的鍵。基團可於任意位置被R4取代。彼等較佳地未經取代。
本發明之一實施態樣中,Ar或Ar3(較佳地當n=0時)為式(Ar-10-13)、(Ar-10-14)、(Ar-10-15)、(Ar-10-16)中之一者所示的基團;尤其,Ar或Ar3包含9,9’-螺雙茀基。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,Ar及Ar3方面,如果為式(Ar-10)所示的基團,則鍵結至氮原子的鍵於每一情況
中係根據式(Ar-10a)。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,當Ar3為式(Ar-10)或(Ar-11)所示的基團時,Ar3為式(Ar-10-2)、(Ar-10-14)及(Ar-11-2)中之一者所示的基團。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,當Ar3及Ar為式(Ar-10)或(Ar-11)所示的基團時,Ar3及Ar為式(Ar-10-2)、(Ar-10-14)及(Ar-11-2)中之一者所示的基團。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,當n為0時,Ar3及Ar各自不為其中E為O或S之式(Ar-10)所示的基團。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,當n為0時,Ar3及Ar各自不為其中E為O、S之式(Ar-10)化合物及在E為C(R4)2之情況下,不為兩個R4並未形成芳族或雜芳族環系統之式(Ar-10a)所示的基團,且在其他E為C(R4)2之情況下,各自為式(Ar-10)所示的基團。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,當n為0時,Ar3或Ar包含至少一個咔唑基或至少一個9,9’-螺雙茀基,較佳地至少一個9,9’-螺雙茀基。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,R1及R2於每一情況為相同或不同且,在芳族或雜芳族環系統的情況下,選自式(Ar-1)至(Ar-16)中之一者,其中符號的定義相當於如同定義Ar之符號者,且*為鍵結至咔唑或二苯并呋喃或二苯并噻吩的鍵。
較佳地,鍵結至Ar、Ar2及Ar3之R取代基選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、CN、N(Ar1)2、具1至8個
碳原子、較佳地具1、2、3或4個碳原子之直鏈烷基、具3至8個碳原子、較佳地具3、4、5或6個碳原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、或具2至8個碳原子、較佳地具2、3或4個碳原子之烯基(其可於每一情況中被一或多個R4基取代,但較佳地未經取代)、或具有6至24個芳族環原子、較佳地具有6至18個芳族環原子、更佳地具有6至13個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(各者分別可被一或多個R4基取代,但較佳地未經取代);同時,鍵結至相鄰碳原子的兩個R取代基隨意地可形成可被一或多個R4基取代但較佳地未經取代之單環或多環脂族環系統。
較佳地,R1取代基選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、CN、具1至8個碳原子、較佳地具1、2、3或4個碳原子之直鏈烷基、具3至8個碳原子、較佳地具3、4、5或6個碳原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、或具2至8個碳原子、較佳地具2、3或4個碳原子之烯基(其可於每一情況中被一或多個R4基取代,但較佳地未經取代)、或具有6至24個芳族環原子、較佳地具有6至18個芳族環原子、更佳地具有6至13個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(各者分別可被一或多個R4基取代,但較佳地未經取代);同時,鍵結至相鄰碳原子的兩個R1取代基隨意地可形成可被一或多個R4基取代但較佳地未經取代之單環或多環脂族環系統。
較佳地,R2取代基選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、CN、具1至8個碳原子、較佳地具1、2、3或4
個碳原子之直鏈烷基、具3至8個碳原子、較佳地具3、4、5或6個碳原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、或具2至8個碳原子、較佳地具2、3或4個碳原子之烯基(其可於每一情況中被一或多個R4基取代,但較佳地未經取代)、或具有6至24個芳族環原子、較佳地具有6至18個芳族環原子、更佳地具有6至13個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(各者分別可被一或多個R4基取代,但較佳地未經取代);同時,鍵結至相鄰碳原子的兩個R2取代基隨意地可形成可被一或多個R4基取代但較佳地未經取代之單環或多環脂族環系統。
其中符號相當於式(1)中的符號,除此之外,在式(Ar-17)及(Ar-18)方面:Q 於每一情況為相同或不同且為CR4或N,其中每環不超過3個Q符號為N;E 於每一情況為相同或不同且為NR4、C(R4)2、O、S或C=O;G 於每一情況為NR4、C(R4)2、O、S或C=O;且
* 表示鍵結至芳族環系統的鍵。
較佳地,沒有Q為N。
進一步較佳實施態樣中,R、R1或R2基於每一情況,在芳族或雜芳族環系統的情況下,選自具有式(Ar-1)至(Ar-18)之結構的群組,其中上述通式被下式(Ar-1-1)至(Ar-16-6)之個別特別較佳實施態樣所替代(例如,式(Ar-1)被式(Ar-1-1)至(Ar-1-9)中之一者替代),此外亦較佳的是下列式:
其中符號相當於式(1)的符號。
較佳地,R4取代基選自由下列所組成之群組:H、D、F、CN、具1至8個碳原子、較佳地具1、2、3或4個碳原子之直鏈烷基、具3至8個碳原子、較佳地具3、4、5或6個碳原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、或具2至8個碳原子、較佳地具2、3或4個碳原子之烯基(其可於每一情況中被一或多個R4基取代,但較佳地未經取代)、或具有6至24個芳族環原子、較佳地具有6至18個芳族環原子、更佳地具有6至13個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(各者分別可被一或多個非芳族R5基取代,但較佳地未經取代);同時,鍵結至同一碳原子或鍵結至相鄰碳原子的兩個R4取代基隨意地可形成可被一或多個R4基取代但較佳地未經取代之單環或多環之脂族或芳族環系統。
當E或G為NR4時,較佳的是當鍵結至此氮原子之R4基於每一情況為相同或不同且為具有5至24個芳族環原子且於每一情況中被一或多個R5基取代之芳族或雜芳
族環系統,更佳地為具有6至18個芳族環原子且被一或多個R5基取代之芳族或雜芳族環系統。適當R4取代基之實例選自由下列所組成之群組:苯基、鄰-、間-或對-聯苯基、聯三苯基、特別是支鏈聯三苯基、聯四苯基、特別是支鏈聯四苯基、1-、2-、3-或4-茀基、1-、2-、3-或4-螺雙茀基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、1,3,5-三基、4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三基、1-、2-、3-或4-二苯并呋喃基、1-、2-、3-或4-二苯并噻吩基及1-、2-、3-或4-咔唑基,其中咔唑基於氮原子上被除了H或D以外之R5基取代。這些基團可各自被一或多個R5基取代,但較佳地未經取代。
當E為C(R4)2時,較佳的是當鍵結至此碳原子之R4基於每一情況為相同或不同且為具1至8個碳原子、較佳地具1、2、3或4個碳原子之直鏈烷基、具3至8個碳原子、較佳地具3、4、5或6個碳原子之支鏈或環狀烷基、或具2至8個碳原子、較佳地具2、3或4個碳原子之烯基(其可於每一情況中被一或多個R5基取代,其中一或多個非相鄰CH2基可被O替代且其中一或多氫原子可被D或F替代)、或具有6至24個芳族環原子、較佳地具有6至18個芳族環原子、更佳地具有6至13個芳族環原子之芳族或雜芳族環系統(各者分別可被一或多個R5基取代);同時,兩個R4取代基隨意地可形成可被一或多個R5基取代之單環或多環之脂族或芳族環系統。兩個R4取代基之間的環形成反應係形成螺系統。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,化合物並不包含除了中
央氮原子以外之任何其他未橋連胺類。此意指(例如)沒有基團為N(R4)2。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,化合物中没有基團為N(R4)2或N(R5)2。因此,以式(1)或(2)為基準,化合物並不包含經由氮原子鍵結之任何其他未橋連或橋連胺類。
上述之較佳者可個別地或一起存在。較佳地為當上述較佳者一起存在時。
本發明之適當化合物的實例為下示之結構。
本發明化合物可藉技藝中已知之合成步驟例如溴化法、鈴木偶合法(Suzuki coupling)、烏爾曼偶合法(Ullmann coupling)、哈特維希-布赫瓦爾德偶合法(Hartwig-Buchwald coupling)等等製得。適當偶合法大體而言示於以下反應圖1及反應圖2中:
這些反應圖中,R(根據式(1)或(2))為R、R1或R2,且Ar、Ar1為Ar或Ar3。
為了於液相中例如藉旋轉塗佈法或藉印刷法處理本發明化合物,需要本發明化合物的調合物。這些調合物可例如為溶液、分散液或乳膠。欲供此目的,較佳地可使用二或多種溶劑的混合物。適當且較佳的溶劑為例如甲苯、茴香醚、鄰-、間-或對-二甲苯、苯甲酸甲酯、、四氫萘、藜蘆醚、四氫呋喃、甲基四氫呋喃、THP、氯苯、二烷、苯氧基甲苯、特別3-苯氧基甲苯、(-)-葑酮、1,2,3,5-四甲基苯、1,2,4,5-四甲基苯、1-甲基萘、2-甲基苯并噻唑、2-苯氧基乙醇、2-吡咯啶酮、3-甲基茴香醚、4-甲基茴香醚、3,4-二甲基茴香醚、3,5-二甲基茴香醚、苯乙酮、α-萜品醇、苯并噻唑、苯甲酸丁酯、異丙苯、環己醇、環己酮、環己苯、十氫萘、十二烷基苯、苯甲酸乙酯、二氫化茚、苯甲酸甲酯、NMP、對-異丙基甲苯、苯乙醚、1,4-二異丙基苯、二苄基醚、二乙二醇丁基甲基醚、三乙二醇丁基甲基醚、二乙二醇二丁基醚、三乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇單丁基醚、三丙二醇二甲基醚、四乙
二醇二甲基醚、2-異丙基萘、戊基苯、己基苯、庚基苯、辛基苯、1,1-雙(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷、六甲基二氫化茚或這些溶劑之混合物。
因此本發明進一步提供調合物,其包含本發明化合物及至少一種其他化合物。此其他化合物可例如為溶劑,特別是上述溶劑之一或這些溶劑的混合物。此其他化合物可另外地為同樣地用於電子裝置中的其他有機或無機化合物,例如發光化合物特別是磷光摻雜劑,及/或其他基質材料。適當之發光化合物及其他基質材料乃列於背後與有機電致發光裝置有關之處。此其他化合物亦可為聚合性。
本發明化合物及混合物適用於電子裝置中。電子裝置要理解為意指含有至少一層含有至少一種有機化合物之層的裝置。組件亦可包含無機材料或整個地由無機材料形成的其他層。
因此本發明進一步提供本發明化合物或混合物於電子裝置中特別是於有機電致發光裝置中的用途。
本發明又進一步提供電子裝置,其包含至少一種以上詳述之本發明化合物或混合物。於此情況下,以上詳述之用於化合物的較佳者亦適用於電子裝置。
電子裝置較佳地選自由下列所組成之群組:有機電致發光裝置(OLED,PLED)、有機積體電路(O-IC)、有機場效應電晶體(O-FET)、有機薄膜電晶體(O-TFT)、有機發光電晶體(O-LET)、有機太陽能電池(O-SC)、有機染料敏化太陽能電池、有機光偵測器、有機光感受器、有機場焠息
裝置(O-FQD)、發光電化學池(LEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-laser)及有機電漿子發射裝置,較佳地為有機電致發光裝置(OLED,PLED)、特別是磷光OLED。
有機電致發光裝置包含陰極、陽極及至少一個發光層。除了這些層之外,其亦可又包含其他層,例如每一情況中一或多個電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層、激子阻擋層、電子阻擋層及/或電荷產生層。同樣可有(例如)被引至兩個發光層之間的具有激子阻擋功能之中間層。然而應指出,未必這些層中之每一層都必需存在。此情況下,有機電致發光裝置可含有一個發光層,或者其可含有複數個發光層。如果存在複數個發光層,則較佳地在整體380nm至750nm之間具有數個最大發射峰,使得整體結果為發射白光;換言之,係使用可為螢光或磷光之各種發光化合物於發光層中。特別較佳者為具有三個發光層的系統,其中該三層顯現藍、綠及橙或紅光之發射。亦適合者為串聯式OLED。這些可為螢或磷光發光層或另為其中螢光及磷光發光層彼此結合之雜合系統。發射白光之電致發光裝置可例如用於照明之應用上,但亦可與濾色器組合地用於全色顯示器。
根據上文詳述實施態樣之本發明化合物可根據確切結構用於不同層中。提供之較佳者為有機電致發光裝置,其包含式(1)或式(2)化合物或者依照較佳實施態樣根據確切取代作用作為用於螢光或磷光發光體或用於顯現TADF(熱活化型延遲螢光)之發光體,特別是磷光發光體,及/或
於電子傳輸層中及/或於電子阻擋層或激子阻擋層中及/或於電洞傳輸層及/或電洞注入層中的基質材料。此上下文中,上文詳述之較佳實施態樣亦適用於該材料於有機電子裝置中的用途。
本發明之較佳實施態樣中,式(1)或式(2)或根據較佳實施態樣之化合物係作為供發光層中之螢光或磷光化合物,特別是供磷光化合物用的基質材料。此情況下,有機電致發光裝置可含有一個發光層,或者其可有複數個發光層,其中至少一個發光層含有至少一種本發明化合物作為基質材料。
當式(1)或式(2)或根據較佳實施態樣之化合物作為供發光層中之發光化合物用的基質材料時,其較佳地與一或多種磷光材料(三重態發光體)組合使用。本發明上下文中之磷光要理解為意指來自具有自旋多重性>1之激發態特別是激發三重態的發光。本申請案上下文中,所有發光過渡金屬錯合物及發光鑭系元素錯合物,特別是所有銥、鉑及銅錯合物,應被視為磷光化合物。
以發光體及基質材料之整體混合物為基準,式(1)或式(2)或根據較佳實施態樣之化合物的混合物含有99體積%至1%體積%之間、較佳地98%體積%至10%體積%之間、更佳地97體積%至60%體積%之間且特別地95體積%至80%體積%之間的式(1)或式(2)或根據較佳實施態樣之化合物。相應地,以發光體及基質材料之整體混合物為基準,混合物含有1體積%至99%體積%之間、較佳地2體
積%至90%體積%之間、更佳地3體積%至40%體積%之間且尤5體積%至20%體積%之間的發光體。如果化合物由溶液中處置,則優先考慮使用以重量%計之相應量而非上文特定之體積%量。
適當磷光化合物(=三重態發光體)特別地為當適當激發時發光(較佳地於可見光區中)之化合物,且亦含有至少一個原子數大於20、較佳地大於38且小於84、更佳地大於56且小於80的原子,特別是具有此原子數的金屬。所用之較佳磷光發光體為含有銅、鉬、鎢、錸、釕、鋨、銠、銥、鈀、鉑、銀、金或銪之化合物,特別是含有銥或鉑之化合物。本發明上下文中,含有上述金屬之所有發光化合物均被視為磷光化合物。
上述發光體之實例可見於申請案WO 00/70655、WO 2001/41512、WO 2002/02714、WO 2002/15645、EP 1191613、EP 1191612、EP 1191614、WO 05/033244、WO 05/019373、US 2005/0258742、WO 2009/146770、WO 2010/015307、WO 2010/031485、WO 2010/054731、WO 2010/054728、WO 2010/086089、WO 2010/099852、WO 2010/102709、WO 2011/032626、WO 2011/066898、WO 2011/157339、WO 2012/007086、WO 2014/008982、WO 2014/023377、WO 2014/094961、WO 2014/094960、WO 2015/036074、WO 2015/104045、WO 2015/117718、WO 2016/015815 and WO 2016/124304中。一般而言,根據先前技藝及熟知有機電致發光領域者已知之作為磷光OLED
的所有磷光錯合物均適當,熟諳此藝者可不必運用本發明技藝地使用其他磷光錯合物。
本發明之進一步較佳實施態樣為式(1)或式(2)或根據較佳實施態樣之化合物作為供磷光發光體用之基質材料與其他基質材料組合之用途。本發明之較佳實施態樣中,此其他基質材料為電洞傳輸化合物。本發明之進一步較佳實施態樣中,此其他基質材料為電子傳輸化合物。又進一步較佳實施態樣中,此其他基質材料為具有大能帶隙而未顯著程度地涉及(如果有的話)層中之電洞及電子傳輸的化合物。
可與式(1)或式(2)或根據較佳實施態樣之化合物組合使用之適當基質材料為芳族酮、芳族膦氧化物或芳族亞碸或碸(例如根據WO 2004/013080、WO 2004/093207、WO 2006/005627或WO 2010/006680);三芳基胺,特別是單胺(例如根據WO 2014/015935);咔唑衍生物,例如CBP(N,N-雙咔唑基聯苯),或揭示於WO 2005/039246、US 2005/0069729、JP 2004/288381、EP 1205527、或WO 2008/086851中之咔唑衍生物;吲哚并咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746);茚并咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/136109或WO 2011/000455);氮雜咔唑衍生物(例如根據EP 1617710、EP 1617711、EP 1731584、JP 2005/347160);雙極基質材料(例如根據WO 2007/137725);矽烷(例如根據WO 2005/111172);氮雜硼雜環戊烯或硼酸酯(例如根據WO 2006/117052);三衍生
物(例如根據WO 2010/015306、WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746);鋅錯合物(例如根據EP 652273或WO 2009/062578);二氮雜矽雜噻咯(diazasilole)或四氮雜矽雜噻咯(tetraazasilole)衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/054729);二氮雜磷雜環戊二烯(diazaphosphole)衍生物(例如根據WO 2010/054730);橋連咔唑衍生物(例如根據US 2009/0136779、WO 2010/050778、WO 2011/042107、WO 2011/088877或WO 2012/143080);聯伸三苯衍生物(例如根據WO 2012/048781);內醯胺(例如根據WO 2011/116865、WO 2011/137951或WO 2013/064206);或4-螺咔唑衍生物(例如根據WO 2014/094963或WO 2015/192939)。同樣地可有發射比實際發光體更短波長的其他磷光發光體存在作為混合物中的共主體(co-host)。
較佳之共主體(co-host)材料為三芳基胺衍生物(特別是單胺)茚並咔唑衍生物、4-螺咔唑衍生物、內醯胺及咔唑衍生物。
本發明之進一步實施態樣中,本發明之有機電致發光裝置並未含有任何個別的電洞注入層及/或電洞傳輸層及/或電洞阻擋層及/或電子傳輸層,意指發光層係直接鄰接電洞注入層或陽極,及/或發光層直接鄰接電子傳輸層或電子注入層或陰極,例如如同於WO 2005/053051所述地。另外可使用相同或類似於發光層中之金屬錯合物的金屬錯合物作為直接鄰接至發光層的電洞傳輸或電洞注入材
料,例如如同於WO 2009/030981所述地。
此外,亦可使用本發明化合物於電洞傳輸或電子阻擋層中。
本發明有機電致發光裝置之其他層中,可使用根據先前技藝典型地使用之任何材料。因此熟諳此藝者可無需運用本發明技藝地使用與式(1)或式(2)或根據較佳實施態樣之化合物組合使用之用於有機電致發光裝置的任何材料。
額外較佳者為有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於一或多個層藉由昇華法包覆。此情況中,材料係藉蒸汽沈積法於真空昇華系統中、於典型地小於10-5毫巴、較佳地小於10-6毫巴之起始壓力下施用。亦可能地起始材料甚至更低或甚至更高,例如小於10-7毫巴。
同樣地提供之較佳者為有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於一或多個層藉OVPD(有機汽相沈積)法或經由載流氣體昇華的協助來塗覆。此情況中,材料係於10-5毫巴至1巴之間的壓力施用。此方法之特別案例為OVJP(有機蒸汽噴印)法,其中所述材料係藉由噴嘴直接施用且因此結構化。
額外地提供之較佳者為有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於一或多個層係由溶液中例如藉旋塗法或藉任何印刷法例如噴墨印刷法、LITI(光誘導熱成像法、熱轉印法)、網版印刷法、柔版印刷法、平版印刷法或噴嘴印刷法製得。欲供此目的,需要可溶性化合物,其係例如經由適當之取代而得。
本發明化合物具有改善之氧化安定性,特別是於溶液中,特別是與慣常使用之二胺相比。此在印刷法方面尤其重要。本發明化合物之特徵亦在於高度熱安定性,故彼等可無需於高真空下分解地蒸發。熱安定性亦增加化合物的操作壽命。
此外,雜合方法亦可,其中例如一或多個層由溶液中施用且一或多個其他層藉蒸汽沈積法施用。例如,可將發光層由溶液中施用及將電子傳輸層藉蒸汽沈積法施用。
這些方法大體而言為熟諳此藝者已知且可由熟諳此藝者無需運用本發明技藝地施用至包含本發明化合物之有機電致發光裝置。
本發明化合物對於在有機電致發光裝置的用途上通常具有極良好的性質。特別是本發明化合物用於有機電致發光裝置中的情況下,與根據先前技藝之類似化合物相比,其壽命顯著較佳。同時,有機電致發光裝置的其他性質特別是效率及電壓同樣地較佳或至少可相比。
本發明如今藉由下面實例詳細地闡述,但無任何意圖藉此限制之。
除非另有指定,否則下列合成法係於保護氣體氣氛下、於乾燥過之溶劑中進行。溶劑及試劑可購自例如Sigma-ALDRICH或ABCR。在文獻中已知之化合物方面,相應之CAS號亦於每一情況中報導。
將30g(94mmol)2,2’-二溴聯苯溶於烘烤過的燒瓶中、於200ml乾燥過的THF中。將反應混合物冷卻至-78℃。於此溫度,將37.7ml 2.5M正丁基鋰之己烷溶液(94mmol)徐緩地逐滴加入(於約1小時期間)。將混合物於-70℃攪拌另1小時。接著將11.1ml苯乙酮(94mmol)溶於100ml THF中,再於-70℃逐滴加入。添加結束後,將反應混合物逐漸加溫至室溫,以NH4Cl令反應中止,然後於旋轉蒸發器上濃縮。將300ml乙酸小心地加至濃縮溶液中,然後將50ml發煙鹽酸加入。將混合物加熱至75℃歷時6小時。於此期間,白色固體沈澱出。將混合物冷卻至室溫,再將沈澱之固體抽吸濾出再以甲醇清洗。將殘留物於40℃、於減壓下乾燥。產量:25.3g(75mmol)(理論值之80%)。
將37g(152mmol)2,2’-二溴聯苯溶於烘烤過的燒瓶中、於300ml乾燥過的THF中。將反應混合物冷卻至-78℃。於此溫度,將75ml 15%正丁基鋰之己烷溶液(119mmol)徐緩地逐滴加入(於約1小時期間)。將混合物於-70℃攪拌另1小時。接著將21.8g二苯基酮(119mmol)溶於100ml THF中,再於-70℃逐滴加入。添加結束後,將反應混合物逐漸加溫至室溫,以NH4Cl令反應中止,然後於旋轉蒸發器上濃縮。將510ml乙酸小心地加至濃縮溶液中,然後將100ml發煙鹽酸加入。將混合物加熱至75℃歷時4小時。於此期間,白色固體沈澱出。將混合物冷卻至室溫,再將沈澱之固體抽吸濾出再以甲醇清洗。將殘留物於40℃、於減壓下乾燥。產量:33.2g(83mmol)(理論值之70%)。
將200g(664mmol)1-溴-3-氟-2-碘苯、101g(664mmol)2-甲氧基苯基硼酸及137.5g(997mmol)四硼酸鈉溶於1000ml THF及600ml水中,再脫氣。將9.3g(13.3mmol)雙(三苯膦)氯化鈀(II)及1g(20mmol)肼鎓氫氧化物加入。然後將反應混合物於保護氣體氣氛下、於70℃攪拌48小時。將已冷卻之溶液補充甲苯,以水重覆清洗,乾燥及濃縮。將產物經於矽膠上以甲苯/庚烷(1:2)進行管柱層析予以純化。產量:155g(553mmol),理論值之83%。
將112g(418mmol)6-溴-2-氟-2'-甲氧基聯苯溶於2升二氯甲烷中,再冷卻至5℃。將41.01ml(431mmol)三溴化硼於90分鐘內逐滴加至此溶液中,且持續攪拌混合物過夜。接著將混合物逐漸地與水滲合,再將有機相以水清洗三次,於硫酸鈉上乾燥,藉旋轉蒸發法濃縮,再藉層析法純化。產量:104g(397mmol),理論值之98%。
將111g(416mmol)6'-溴-2'-氟聯苯-2-醇溶於2升DMF(最大為0.003% H2O)(SeccoSolv®)中,再冷卻至5℃。將20g(449mmol)氫化鈉(60%之石蠟油懸浮液)分次地加至此溶液中,一旦添加結束,將混合物攪拌20分鐘,然後將混合物加熱至100℃ 45分鐘。冷卻後,將500ml乙醇逐漸地加至混合物中,將其藉旋轉蒸發法濃縮,再藉層析法純化。產量:90g(367mmol),理論值之88.5%。
將21.7g(139mmol)4-氯苯硼酸、50g(126mmol)4-溴-9,9-螺雙茀及208ml水性2M K2CO3溶液(416mmol)懸浮於300ml四氫呋喃中。將1.45g(1.26mmol)肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)加至此懸浮液中。將反應混合物於迴流下加熱16小時。冷卻後,將有機相移出,通過矽膠過濾,以300ml水清洗三次,然後濃縮至乾。將粗製產物以庚烷/乙酸乙酯(20:1)通過矽膠過濾後,得48g(89%)4-(3-氯苯基)-9,9-螺雙茀。
將30.0g(177mmol,1.0eq)4-胺基聯苯起始地連同43.7g(177mmol,1.0eq)1-溴二苯并呋喃及23.4g(212mmol,1.20eq)三級戊醇鈉[14593-46-5]一起裝入600ml無水甲苯中,再脫氣30分鐘。接著將398mg(1.77mmol,0.01eq)乙酸鈀(II)[3375-31-3]及1.46g(3.56mmol,0.02eq)2-二環己膦基-2’,6’-二甲氧基聯苯SPHOS[657408-07-6]加入,再將混合物於迴流下加熱過
夜。反應結束後,將混合物冷卻至室溫,再以500ml水萃取。接著將水性相以甲苯清洗三次,將結合之有機相於硫酸鈉上乾燥,再將溶劑於旋轉蒸發器上移除。將棕色殘留物置於約200ml甲苯中,再通過矽膠過濾。進一步之純化方面,係由甲苯/庚烷中進再結晶。產量:44g(133mmol),理論值之76%。
最初將51.3g(142mmol,1.00eq)聯苯胺裝至1升四頸式燒瓶內,再將75.6g(426mmol,3.00eq)1-溴-4-氟苯[460-00-4]及92.5g(284mmol,2.00eq)碳酸銫[534-17-8]及500ml二甲基乙醯胺加入。將反應混合物於150℃攪拌三天。反應結束後,將混合物冷卻至室溫,再將固體通過矽藻土(Celite)濾出。將母液濃縮,再將沈澱之固體過濾,然後藉以熱甲醇攪拌進行萃取。乾燥後,得43.5g(135mmol,95%)無色產物。
將20g(80mmol)二苯并呋喃-1-硼酸、2.06g(40.1mmol)碘、3.13g(17.8mmol)碘酸、80ml乙酸、5ml硫
酸、5ml水及2ml氯仿於65℃攪拌3小時。冷卻後,將混合物與水摻合,再將沈澱之固體抽吸濾出,再以水清洗三次。將殘留物由甲苯及由二氯甲烷/庚烷中再結晶。產量為25.6g(68mmol),相當於理論值之85%。
將58g(156mmol)1-溴-8-碘二苯并呋喃、50g(172mmol)N-苯基咔唑-3-硼酸及36g(340mmol)碳酸鈉懸浮於1000ml乙二醇二甲基醚及280ml水中。將1.8g(1.5mmol)肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)加至此懸浮液中,再將反應混合物於迴流下加熱16小時。冷卻後,將有機相移出,通過矽膠過濾,以200ml水清洗三次,然後濃縮至乾。產量為48g(89mmol),相當於理論值之64%。
將9.3g(26mmol)聯苯-4-基-(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-4-基)胺、12g(26mmol)3-(9-溴二苯并呋喃-2-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑、7.7g(80mmol)三級丁醇鈉、2.6ml(78mmol)三-三級丁基膦(1M,甲苯)、224mg(2.6mmol)乙酸鈀(II)及300ml之混合物於迴流下加熱24小時。冷卻後,將200ml水加入,再將混合物攪拌另30分鐘,將有機相移出,再將後者通過短矽藻土床(short Celite bed)過濾,然
後將溶劑減壓下移除。將殘留物由DMF中再結晶五次,且最後分昇華兩次(p約10-6毫巴,T=340-350℃)。產量:13g(17mmol),理論值之68%:藉HPLC測得為99.9%。
將20g(182mmol)3-(9-溴二苯并呋喃-2-基)-9-苯基-9H-咔唑溶於400ml無水THF中,再冷卻至-78℃。於此溫度,將77ml(190mmol,2.5M之己烷液)正丁基鋰於約5分鐘內加入,然後將混合物於-78℃攪拌另2.5小時。於此溫度,將38g(365mmol)硼酸三甲酯極快速地加入,再令反應逐漸地來到室溫(約18小時)。將反應溶液以水清洗,再將沈澱之固體及有機相與甲苯進行共沸乾燥。將粗製產物藉由甲苯/二氯甲烷中、於約40℃攪拌予以萃取,再抽吸濾出。冷卻後,將200ml水加入,將混合物攪拌另30分鐘,將有機相移出,再將後者通過短矽藻土床(short Celite bed)過濾,然後將溶劑減壓下移除。將殘留物由DMF中再結晶五次,且最後分昇華兩次(p約10-6毫巴,T=380-340℃)。產量:16.7g(690mmol),理論值之90%。
將49.8g(110.0mmol)8-(9-苯基-9H-咔唑-3-基)二苯并呋喃-1-硼酸、56g(110.0mmol)聯苯-4-基(4-溴苯基)(9,9-二甲基-9H-茀-1-基)-胺及26g(210.0mmol)碳酸
鈉懸浮於500ml乙二醇二甲基醚及500ml水中。將913mg(3.0mmol)三-鄰-甲苯基膦然後112mg(0.5mmol)乙酸鈀(II)加至此懸浮液中,再將反應混合物於迴流下加熱16小時。冷卻後,將有機相移出,通過矽膠過濾,以200ml水清洗三次,然後濃縮至乾。將產物經於矽膠上以甲苯/庚烷(1:2)進行管柱層析予以純化,最後於高真空下昇華(p=5 x 10-7毫巴)(99.9%純度)。產量為87g(86mmol),相當於理論值之83%。
於下面實例C1至I10中(參見表1及2),呈現各種OLED之數據。
實例C1-I10之預處理:將塗覆厚度50nm結構化ITO(氧化銦錫)之玻璃基板於塗覆前先以氧電漿其後以氬電漿處理。這些經電漿處理的玻璃基板形成其中OLED施加至其上的基板。
OLED基本上具有以下之層結構:基板/電洞注入層(HIL)/電洞傳輸層(HTL)/電子阻擋層(EBL)/發光層(EML)/隨意之電洞阻擋層(HBL)/電子傳輸層(ETL)/隨意之電子注入層(EIL)及最後之陰極。陰極係藉由厚度100nm之鋁層形成。OLED之確切結構可見於表1中。用於製造OLED所需的材料示於表3中。
所有材料均藉熱蒸汽沈積法於真空室中施加。此情況中,發光層通常是由至少一種基質材料(主體材料(host material))及加至此基質材料中的發光摻雜劑(發光體)以特定之體積比例藉共蒸發法所組成。以諸如IC1:PA:TEG1(55%:35%:10%)形式提供之細節在此處意指材料IC1係以55體積%之比例、PA以35體積%之比例且TEG1以10體積%之比例存在於層中。類似地,電子傳輸層亦可由兩種材料之混合物所組成。
OLED以標準方法特徵化。欲達此目的,乃將電致發光光譜、電壓及外部量子效率(EQE,以百分比測得)隨著亮度(由假定朗伯特幅射特徵(Lambertian radiation characteristics)之電流-電壓-亮度特徵(IUL特徵)計算)及壽命之變化測定。電致發光光譜係於1000cd/m2的亮度測定。表2中之參數U1000在此處意指供1000cd/m2亮度所需之電壓,且CIE 1931 x及y彩色座標係由其中計算出。SE1000意指於1000cd/m2達成之功率效率。最後,EQE1000意指於1000cd/m2操作亮度之外部量子效率。
各種OLED的數據收集於表2中。實例C1至C4為根據先前技藝之比較實例;實例I1-I10顯示本發明OLED之數據。
為了闡述本發明OLED之優點,一些實例乃詳細闡明於下文中。
本發明混合物於磷光OLED發光層中之用途
本發明材料,當與電子傳導化合物(例如下文所用實例中之化合物IC5)組合地使用作為磷光OLED之發光層(EML)中的基質材料時,可產生優於先前技藝之改善,尤其是在OLED之外部量子效率方面。與先前技藝PA1、PA2、PA3及PA4相比,經由本發明化合物K55及K59之使用,可觀察到EQE有約5-10%的改善(實例C1、C2及C3與實例I1之比較及C4與I2之比較)。
Claims (7)
- 一種式(1)或式(2)化合物,
- 一種混合物,其包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物、及至少一種其他化合物及/或至少 一種溶劑。
- 一種根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物或根據申請專利範圍第3項之混合物於電子裝置中之用途。
- 一種電子裝置,其包含至少一種根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物或根據申請專利範圍第3項之混合物。
- 根據申請專利範圍第5項之電子裝置,其為有機電致發光裝置。
- 根據申請專利範圍第6項之電子裝置,其中根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物係用於發光層中,較佳地與磷光摻雜劑及隨意地一或多種其他基質材料組合使用,或者用於電洞傳輸層或電子阻擋層中。
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WO2017148565A1 (de) | 2017-09-08 |
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US20220119373A1 (en) | 2022-04-21 |
CN108699438A (zh) | 2018-10-23 |
JP2019512476A (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
TWI724113B (zh) | 2021-04-11 |
KR20180118744A (ko) | 2018-10-31 |
US10961230B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
CN108699438B (zh) | 2021-11-30 |
JP7566454B2 (ja) | 2024-10-15 |
KR20180118748A (ko) | 2018-10-31 |
EP3423543B1 (de) | 2020-01-08 |
EP3423543A1 (de) | 2019-01-09 |
US20190088878A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
US11608327B2 (en) | 2023-03-21 |
TWI740905B (zh) | 2021-10-01 |
JP2019510011A (ja) | 2019-04-11 |
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