TWI762451B - 用於電子裝置之化合物 - Google Patents
用於電子裝置之化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI762451B TWI762451B TW105127101A TW105127101A TWI762451B TW I762451 B TWI762451 B TW I762451B TW 105127101 A TW105127101 A TW 105127101A TW 105127101 A TW105127101 A TW 105127101A TW I762451 B TWI762451 B TW I762451B
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- atoms
- substituted
- alkoxy
- organic
- alkyl
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 112
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000001792 phenanthrenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- -1 alkane radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 54
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 37
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007832 transition metal-catalyzed coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 41
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 150000002987 phenanthrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000006069 Suzuki reaction reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000412 dendrimer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000736 dendritic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triphenylene Natural products C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 SLGBZMMZGDRARJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005580 triphenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1'-spirobi[fluorene] Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C4(C=5C(C6=CC=CC=C6C=5)=CC=C4)C=CC=C3C2=C1 ICPSWZFVWAPUKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YZVWKHVRBDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C(N)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 YZVWKHVRBDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-Pyrido[2,3-b]indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=N1 BPMFPOGUJAAYHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003477 Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acridine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 DZBUGLKDJFMEHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005266 diarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BUAWIRPPAOOHKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=C(N)C(N)=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BUAWIRPPAOOHKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005092 sublimation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- LHXDLQBQYFFVNW-OIBJUYFYSA-N (-)-Fenchone Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C(C)(C)[C@@H]1C2 LHXDLQBQYFFVNW-OIBJUYFYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006729 (1R,4S)-fenchone Natural products 0.000 description 2
- ZLAHFJJNOLRSNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2,3,3,7-hexamethyl-1H-indene Chemical compound CC1c2c(cccc2C)C(C)(C)C1(C)C ZLAHFJJNOLRSNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1 BFIMMTCNYPIMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UUSUFQUCLACDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydropyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CCCC4=CC=C1C2=C43 UUSUFQUCLACDTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Dimethylbenzene Natural products CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methoxy-4-methylbenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 CHLICZRVGGXEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C)=CC=CC2=C1 QPUYECUOLPXSFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C)=NC2=C1 DXYYSGDWQCSKKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBVSMVYKZINXKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC1=CC=C(C=C2)C1=C1C2=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1 Chemical class NC1=CC=C(C=C2)C1=C1C2=C(C=CC=C2)C2=C1 FBVSMVYKZINXKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- LHXDLQBQYFFVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-fenchone Natural products C1CC2(C)C(=O)C(C)(C)C1C2 LHXDLQBQYFFVNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 2
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- YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ii) dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Pd+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 YNHIGQDRGKUECZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl benzoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XSIFPSYPOVKYCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TXCDCPKCNAJMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004988 dibenzothienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=C(C21)C=CC=C3)* 0.000 description 2
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- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrophenanthrene Natural products C1=CC=C2CCC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 XXPBFNVKTVJZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQNZJJAZBFDUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N durene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(C)C=C1C SQNZJJAZBFDUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003636 chemical group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Inorganic materials [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005069 octynyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C#C* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VUYVXCJTTQJVKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(2+);tricyclohexylphosphane;dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl.C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1.C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 VUYVXCJTTQJVKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006340 pentafluoro ethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005981 pentynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
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- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003967 siloles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Inorganic materials [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021286 stilbenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010023 transfer printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001019 trigonella foenum-graecum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N truxene Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C2=C3C4=CC=CC=C4C2)=C1C1=C3CC2=CC=CC=C21 YGPLLMPPZRUGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002061 vacuum sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/20—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons
- C07C15/27—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons containing three rings
- C07C15/30—Phenanthrenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
- C07B59/001—Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/49—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton
- C07C255/50—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of a carbon skeleton to carbon atoms of non-condensed six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/257—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C43/275—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to carbon atoms both belonging to six-membered aromatic rings having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in addition to the ring nitrogen atom containing only one pyridine ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
- C07D235/18—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with aryl radicals directly attached in position 2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
- C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D251/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings
- C07D251/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings
- C07D251/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D251/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom
- C07D251/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3,5-triazine rings not condensed with other rings having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to at least one ring carbon atom to three ring carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/91—Dibenzofurans; Hydrogenated dibenzofurans
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Abstract
本申請係關於特殊式(I)之菲化合物、其於電子裝置的用途、包括此菲化合物之電子裝置、以及合成此菲化合物的方法。
Description
本申請係關於進一步如下定義之特殊結構的菲化合物,且關於此等化合物在電子裝置的用途,特別是在有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。再者,本申請係關於包括菲化合物之電子裝置的特殊具體實施例,且關於合成菲化合物之方法。
依據本發明,術語電子裝置一般被認為是指包含有機材料之電子裝置。較佳地被認為是指OLED及一些包括有機材料之電子裝置的進一步具體實施例,其稍後揭露於本申請中。
OLED一般結構及作用原理對發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者而言為已知,且尤其述於US 4539507、US 5151629、EP 0676461及WO 1998/27136。
關於電子裝置之效能數據,進一步的改良是必須的,特別是以廣大的商業應用來看,例如在顯示器或作為光源。在此方面中特別重要的是壽命、效率及電子裝
置之操作電壓且達到色值。
特別是在藍色發光OLED的例子,有潛力改良關於裝置之壽命、效率及所發射之光的色座標。
達到這些改良之重要起點為選擇用於OLED發光層的基質材料。此處,術語基質材料被理解為是指在操作OLED期間不發光的材料,且其係與至少一發光材料存在OELD的發光層。
先前技術中,已知3-菲基蔥化合物,如揭露於WO 2009/100925,非常適合用作為OLED之基質材料。
然而,仍持續需要當用於OLED發光層中時展現優異效能數據的基質材料,特別是關於壽命、效率及所發射之光的色值。
再者,存在新穎電子傳輸材料的需求,特別是用於OLED的電子傳輸層。
現在,意外地,已發現具有鍵結至菲的9-位置之芳基或雜芳基的菲化合物,其接著在其3-位置鍵結至9,10-伸蒽基(anthracenylene)部分(moiety),其具有鍵結至伸蒽基(anthracenylene)部分(moiety)另一側之特殊芳基或雜芳基,顯示關於壽命、效率及所發射之光的色座標非常有利的特性,特別是當用作為基質材料或作為電子傳輸材料時。
本發明之目標因而為式(I)之化合物
其中,菲基可經基R3在自由位置取代,且蔥基可經基R4在自由位置取代,以及其中,下述適用於發生之變數:Ar1 係選自可經基R1取代之具有6至10個芳族環原子之芳基,或可經基R1取代之具有5至18個芳族環原子之雜芳基;Ar2 係選自可經基R2取代之苯基、或可經基R2取代之1-萘基、或可經基R2取代之具有13至30個芳族環原子之芳族環系統、或可經基R2取代之具有5至30個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統;R1、R2、R4 於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、C(=O)R5、CN、Si(R5)3、N(R5)2、P(=O)(R5)2、OR5、S(=O)R5、S(=O)2R5、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基、具有6至40個芳
族環原子之芳族環系統、或具有5至40個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統;其中,二或更多個基R1、R2或R4可彼此連接以形成環;其中,該烷基、烷氧基、烯基與炔基及該芳族與雜芳族環系統在各例中可經一或多個基R5取代,且其中,該烷基、烷氧基、烯基與炔基中之一或多個CH2基在各例中可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2替換;R3 於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、CN、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基,其中,二或更多個基R3可彼此連接以形成環;其中,該烷基、烷氧基、烯基與炔基在各例中可經一或多個基R5取代,且其中,該烷基、烷氧基、烯基與炔基中之一或多個CH2基在各例中可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2替換;R5 於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、C(=O)R6、CN、Si(R6)3、N(R6)2、P(=O)(R6)2、OR6、S(=O)R6、S(=O)2R6、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個C原子
之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基、具有6至40個芳族環原子之芳族環系統、或具有5至40個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統;其中,該烷基、烷氧基、烯基與炔基及該芳族與雜芳族環系統在各例中可經一或多個基R6取代,且其中,該烷基、烷氧基、烯基與炔基中之一或多個CH2基在各例中可經-R6C=CR6-、-C≡C-、Si(R6)2、C=O、C=NR6、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR6-、NR6、P(=O)(R6)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2替換;R6 於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、CN、具有1至20個C原子之烷基、具有6至40個C原子之芳族環系統,或具有5至40個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統、其中,該烷基、芳族環系統及雜芳族環系統可經F及CN取代。
下述定義適用於化學基團作為一般定義。它們僅適用於沒有給出更具體的定義者。
芳基在本發明的意義上包含6至40個芳族環原子,其中無一是雜原子。芳基此處被認為是指簡單芳族環,例如苯,或縮合芳族多環,例如萘、菲、或蔥。縮合芳族多環在本申請的意義上係由彼此縮合之二或更多簡單芳族環所構成。
雜芳基在本發明的意義上包含5至40個芳族環原子,其中至少一個為雜原子。雜原子較佳選自N、O及S。雜芳基此處被認為是指簡單雜芳族環,諸如吡啶、嘧啶或噻吩,或縮合雜芳族多環,諸如喹啉或咔唑。縮合雜芳族多環在本申請的意義上由彼此縮合之二或更多簡單雜芳族環所構成。
在各例中可被上述基取代且可經由任何所欲位置與芳族或雜芳族環系統連結之芳基或雜芳基特別被認為是指從下列者所衍生之基團:苯、萘、蒽、菲、芘、二氫芘、、苝、丙二烯合茀、苯并蒽、苯并菲、稠四苯、稠五苯、苯并芘、呋喃、苯并呋喃、異苯并呋喃、二苯并呋喃、噻吩、苯并噻吩、異苯并噻吩、二苯并噻吩、吡咯、吲哚、異吲哚、咔唑、吡啶、喹啉、異喹啉、吖啶、啡啶、苯并-5,6-喹啉、苯并-6,7-喹啉、苯并-7,8-喹啉、啡噻、啡、吡唑、吲唑、咪唑、苯并咪唑、萘并咪唑(naphthimidazole)、菲并咪唑(phenanthrimidazole)、吡啶并咪唑(pyridimidazole)、吡并咪唑(pyrazinimidazole)、喹喏啉并咪唑(quinoxalinimidazole)、唑、苯并唑、萘并唑、蒽并唑(anthroxazole)、菲并唑(phenanthroxazole)、異唑、1,2-噻唑、1,3-噻唑、苯并噻唑、嗒、苯并嗒、嘧啶、苯并嘧啶、喹喏啉、吡、啡、口奈啶、氮雜咔唑(azacarbazole)、苯并咔啉、啡啉、1,2,3-三唑、1,2,4-三唑、苯并三唑、1,2,3-二唑、1,2,4-二唑、1,2,5-二唑、1,3,4-二唑、1,2,3-噻
二唑、1,2,4-噻二唑、1,2,5-噻二唑、1,3,4-噻二唑、1,3,5-三、1,2,4-三、1,2,3-三、四唑、1,2,4,5-四、1,2,3,4-四、1,2,3,5-四、嘌呤、喋啶、吲及苯并噻二唑。
芳族環系統在本發明的意義中含有6至40個C原子於環系統中且不包括任何雜原子作為芳族環原子。芳族環系統在本申請的意義中因此不包括任何雜芳基。芳族環系統在本發明的意義上意於被認為是指不一定僅包含芳基之系統,而是其中,另外,複數個芳基可由非芳族單元(諸如一或多個視需要經取代之C、Si、N、O或S原子)連接。在此例中非芳族單元包括較佳地少於10%之非H原子(相對於整個芳族環系統之非H原子的總數)。因此,例如,系統諸如9,9’-螺二茀(spirobifluorene)、9,9’-二芳基茀、三芳基胺、二芳基醚、及茋在本發明的意義上亦意於被視為是芳族環系統,因為是其中二或更多芳基例如,由直鏈或環狀烷基、烯基或炔基或由矽基連接的系統。再者,其中二或更多芳基經由單鍵彼此連結的系統在本發明的意義上亦被視為是芳族環系統,諸如,例如,系統諸如聯苯及聯三苯。
雜芳族環系統在本發明的意義上包含5至40個芳族環原子,其中至少一個為雜原子。雜原子較佳地係選自N、O或S。雜芳族環系統如上述芳族環系統所定義,差異在於其必須獲得至少一雜原子作為芳族環原子之一。其因此不同於根據本發明定義之芳族環系統(其不
可包括任何雜原子作為芳族環原子)。
具有6至40個芳族環原子之芳族環系統或具有5至40個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統特別是衍生自上述芳基或雜芳基的基團、或來自聯苯、聯三苯、聯四苯、茀、螺二茀(spirobifluorene)、二氫菲、二氫芘、四氫芘、茚并茀、參茚并苯(truxene)、異參茚并苯(isotruxene)、螺參茚并苯(spirotruxene)、螺異參茚并苯(spiroisotruxene)、及茚并咔唑的基團。
就本發明目的而言,其中另外個別的H原子或CH2基團可被基團定義下之上述基團取代之具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或具有2至20個C原子之烯基或炔基較佳地被認為是指基團甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、2-甲基丁基、正戊基、第二戊基、環戊基、新戊基、正己基、環己基、新己基、正庚基、環庚基、正辛基、環辛基、2-乙基己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、環戊烯基、己烯基、環己烯基、庚烯基、環庚烯基、辛烯基、環辛烯基、乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基、戊炔基、己炔基或辛炔基。
具有1至20個C原子之烷氧基或硫烷基較佳地被視為指甲氧基、三氟甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、異丁氧基、第二丁氧基、第三丁氧基、正戊氧基、第二戊氧基、2-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、
環己氧基、正庚氧基、環庚氧基、正辛氧基、環辛氧基、2-乙基己氧基、五氟乙氧基、2,2,2-三氟乙氧基、甲基硫基、乙基硫基、正丙基硫基、異丙基硫基、正丁基硫基、異丁基硫基、第二丁基硫基、第三丁基硫基、正戊基硫基、第二戊基硫基、正己基硫基、環己基硫基、正庚基硫基、環庚基硫基、正辛基硫基、環辛基硫基、2-乙基己基硫基、三氟甲基硫基、五氟乙基硫基、2,2,2-三氟乙基硫基、乙烯基硫基、丙烯基硫基、丁烯基硫基、戊烯基硫基、環戊烯基硫基、己烯基硫基、環己烯基硫基、庚烯基硫基、環庚烯基硫基、辛烯基硫基、環辛烯基硫基、乙炔基硫基、丙炔基硫基、丁炔基硫基、戊炔基硫基、己炔基硫基、庚炔基硫基或辛炔基硫基。
關於環形成,其對於基R1至R4而言如上所述為允許在彼此之間發生,較佳在此例中,二或更多個基R1至R4形成縮合脂肪族五環或六環,諸如在此例中,苯基上的二個烷基形成環造成二氫茚(indane),特別是六甲基二氫茚;或鍵結到一個且相同原子的二個基R2或R4形成環,諸如在此例中,茀上的9-及9’-位置的二個基團形成環且因而為螺基。
基團Ar1較佳為苯基或萘基,其各可經一或多個基R1取代。
在本發明較佳具體實施例中,基R1於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、CN、Si(R5)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個C
原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、具有6至40個芳族環原子之芳族環系統、或具有5至40個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統;其中,該烷基與烷氧基或芳族或雜芳族環系統在各例中可經一或多個基R5取代,且其中,在烷基與烷氧基中之一或多個CH2基在各例中可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2替換。二或更多個基R1可彼此連接且形成環。在此例中,較佳地,形成縮合脂肪族五環或六環,諸如在此例中苯基上的二個烷基形成環導致二氫茚,特別是六甲基二氫茚;或鍵結到一個且相同原子之二個基R1形成環,諸如在此例中,茀上的9-及9’-位置的二個基團形成環且因而為螺基。
特佳地,基R1於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、CN、Si(R5)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基;其中,該烷基與烷氧基在各例中可經一或多個基R5取代。
作為基團Ar2之較佳芳族環系統係選自:苯基、1-萘基、茀基、苯并茀基、茚并茀基、螺二茀基(spirobifluorenyl)、苯并茚并茀基(benzoindenofluorenyl)、菲基、蔥基、芘基、苯并蔥基、及苯并菲基,各視需要經一或多個基R2取代。作為基團Ar2之特佳的芳族環系統係選自:茀、苯并茀、茚并茀、螺二茀(spirobifluorene)及苯并茚并茀,各視需要經一或多個基R2取代。
基團Ar2較佳為可經基R2取代之苯基、或可經基R2取代之具有5至18個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統。特佳地,Ar2為苯基,其可經基R2取代且較佳地未經取代。作為基團Ar2較佳的雜芳族環系統係選自:呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、異苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、異苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、異吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚并咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、異喹啉基(isochinolinyl)、吖啶基(acridyl)、啡啶基(phenanthridyl)、苯并咪唑基、嘧啶基、吡基、嗒基、及三基,各視需要經基R2取代。
在一替代方案中,同樣較佳的具體實施例,Ar2為1-萘基,其可經基R2取代。
較佳地,基R2及R4於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、CN、Si(R5)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、具有6至40個芳族環原子之芳族環系統、或具有5至40個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統;其中,該烷基與烷氧基或芳族或雜芳族環系統在各例中可經一或多個基R5取代,且其中,在烷基與烷氧基中之一或多個CH2基在各例中可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2替換。二或更多個基R2或R4可彼此連接且形成環。在此例中,較佳地,形成縮合脂肪族五環或六環,諸如在此例中,苯基上的二個烷基形成環導致二氫
茚,特別是六甲基二氫茚;或鍵結到一個且相同原子的二個基R2或R4形成環,諸如在此例中,茀上的9-及9’-位置的二個基團形成環且因而為螺基。
基R2附接到為苯基之基團Ar2的例子中,較佳的此基R2於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、CN、Si(R5)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、或具有5至20個芳族環原子之雜芳基;其中,該烷基與烷氧基及雜芳基在各例中可經一或多個基R5取代,且其中,在烷基與烷氧基中之一或多個CH2基在各例中可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2替換。
基R3較佳地於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、CN、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基,其中,該烷基或烷氧基在各例中可經一或多個基R5取代。更佳地,基R3係選自:H及D。特佳地,式(I)中之菲基不具有任何取代基R3。
基R5較佳地於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、CN、Si(R6)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、具有6至40個芳族環原子之芳族環系統、或具有5至40個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統;其中,該烷基或烷氧基及該芳族或雜芳族環系統在各例中可經一或
多個基R6取代。
其中,菲基可經基R3在自由位置取代,且蔥基可經基R4在自由位置取代,且苯基可經基R2在自由位置取代,以及其中,發生的變數如上所定義者,以及:Ar2Het 為具有5至18個芳族環原子之雜芳族環系統,其可經基R2取代。
式(I-2)之化合物特別適合作為OLED中之電子傳輸化合物。
較佳地,Ar2Het係選自呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、異苯并呋喃基、二苯并呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、異苯并噻吩基、二苯并噻吩基、吲哚基、異吲哚基、咔唑基、吲哚并咔唑基、茚并咔唑基、吡啶基、喹啉基、異喹啉基(isochinolinyl)、吖啶基(acridyl)、啡啶基(phenanthridyl)、苯并咪唑基、嘧啶基、吡基、嗒基、及三基,其各可經基R2替換。
較佳地,式(I-1)中,苯基未經取代或經基R2取代,基R2係相同或不同地選自H、D、F、CN、Si(R5)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基、或具有5至20個芳族環原子之雜芳基;其中,該烷基與烷氧基及雜芳基在各例中可經一或多個基R5取代,且其中,在烷基與烷氧基中之一或多個CH2基在各例中可經-R5C=CR5-、-C≡C-、Si(R5)2、C=O、C=NR5、-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NR5-、NR5、P(=O)(R5)、-O-、-S-、SO或SO2替換。
在特佳的本發明具體實施例中,式(I-1)中,苯基經一或多個,較佳地一個,具有5至20個芳族環原子之雜芳基(其可經一或多個基R5取代)取代。此化合物特別適合作為OLED中之電子傳輸化合物。
再者,較佳地,在式(I-1)及(I-2)中,菲基不具有任何取代基R3。
特佳地,在式(I-1)及/或式(I-2),基團Ar1係選自苯基及萘基,其各可經基R1取代。
再者,列於上列與式(I)相關之各種基團的所有較佳具體實施例同樣適用於式(I-1)及(I-2)。
化合物可使用有機化學已知的合成方法製備,諸如鹵化、Suzuki耦合及Sonogashira耦合。在示於下述的反應圖中,R代表H或任何有機基。
根據式(I)之化合物由兩步驟製備:1)合成經芳基取代之菲部分(moiety)(反應圖1),且2)耦合此經芳基取代之菲部分(moiety)至蔥衍生物(反應圖2)。蔥衍生物較佳地為在9-位置經反應性基團(較佳地為鹵素基團)取代之蔥。在進一步的步驟中,經耦合之菲基-蔥可進一步經取代,在蔥的10-位置藉由鹵化反應,接著Suzuki耦合(路徑示於反應圖2下部)。
較佳的上述步驟1)的詳細合成順序如下:芳基-炔衍生物在Sonogashira耦合中耦合至經參-鹵素取代之苯基。所得之炔基(alkinyl)-苯基中間物之後與苯基在Suzuki反應中於炔基(alkinyl)-苯基中間物的苯基部分(moiety)上的剩餘經鹵素取代位置之一反應。所得之化合物之後經成碳環反應(carbocyclization reaction),較佳地藉由加熱與金屬離子誘導,更較佳地藉由加熱及在三氟甲磺酸鐵(III)化合物存在下。所得之經芳基取代之菲之後進一步轉換成個別的硼酸酯衍生物。
較佳的上述步驟2)的詳細合成順序如下:步驟1)中獲得的菲硼酸酯於Suzuki耦合中與蔥衍生物反應。在此步驟的一較佳替代方案中,Suzuki耦合係與經9-鹵素取代之蔥(其在10-位置為未經取代)進行(反應圖
2下部之路徑)。在此例中,耦合產物後續經溴化,之後在蔥部分(moiety)的10-位置經Suzuki耦合。在此步驟的第二較佳替代方案中,Suzuki耦合與經9-鹵素取代之蔥(其已在10-位置經取代)進行(反應圖2上部的路徑)。在此例中,直接獲得根據式(I)之化合物。在10-位置經取代的經9-鹵素取代之蔥(對此反應為必要的)可如下反應圖3所示獲得。
製備根據式(I)之化合物之方法因此為本發明之另一具體實施例。
此製備方法特徵在於- 經芳基取代之菲衍生物係由包括過渡金屬催化之耦合反應與成碳環反應的順序製備,且- 於此,此經芳基取代之菲衍生物在過渡金屬催化之耦合反應中耦合至蔥衍生物。
此方法的較佳具體實施例為上述者。
上述之根據本發明的化合物,特別是經反應性離去基(諸如溴、碘、氯、硼酸或硼酸酯)取代之化合物可用作為製造對應寡聚物、樹枝狀聚合物或聚合物的單體。適當的反應性離去基為例如、溴、碘、氯、硼酸、硼酸酯、胺、具有末端C-C雙鍵或C-C三鍵之烯基或炔基、氧雜環丙烷、氧雜環丁烷、經環加成(例如1,3-偶極環加成)的基團(諸如,例如二烯類或疊氮化物)、羧酸衍生物、醇類及矽烷類。
本發明因而又關於包含一或多個式(I)化合物之寡聚物、聚合物或樹枝狀聚合物,其中,至聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物之鍵結可位於式(I)中的任何所欲位置,其經R1、R2、R3或R4取代。視式(I)化合物的連結而定,化合物為寡聚物或聚合物之側鏈的組分或主鏈之組分。寡聚物在本發明的意義上被認為是指從至少三個單體單元建立的化合物。聚合物在本發明的意義上被認為是指從至少十個單體單元建立的化合物。根據本發明之聚合
物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物可經共軛,經部分共軛或非經共軛。根據本發明之寡聚物或聚合物可為直鏈、支鏈或樹枝狀。以直鏈方式連結的結構中,式(I)單元可直接彼此連結或其可經由二價基,例如經由經取代或未經取代之伸烷基、經由雜原子或經由二價芳族或雜芳族基彼此連結。在支鏈及樹枝狀結構中,例如,三或更多式(I)單元可經由三價或多價基,例如經由三價或多價芳族或雜芳族基團連結,以形成支鏈或樹枝狀寡聚物或聚合物。
上述對於式(I)化合物的相同較佳方案適用於寡聚物、樹枝狀聚合物及聚合物中之式(I)重複單元。
為了製備寡聚物或聚合物,將根據本發明的單體與進一步單體均聚合或共聚合。適當且較佳的共單體係選自:茀(例如,依據EP 842208或WO 00/22026)、螺二茀(spirobifluorene)(例如依據EP 707020、EP 894107或WO 06/061181)、對-伸苯基(例如,依據WO 1992/18552)、咔唑(例如,依據WO 04/070772或WO 2004/113468)、噻吩(例如,依據EP 1028136)、二氫菲(例如,依據WO 2005/014689或WO 2007/006383)、順-及反-茚并茀(例如,依據WO 2004/041901或WO 2004/113412)、酮(例如,依據WO 2005/040302)、菲(例如,依據WO 2005/104264或WO 2007/017066)或亦選自複數個該等單元。聚合物、寡聚物和樹枝狀聚合物亦經常含有進一步單元,例如發光(發螢光或發磷光)單元,諸如,例如,乙烯基三芳基胺(例如,依據WO 2007/068325)或發磷光金屬錯
合物(例如,依據WO 2006/003000),及/或電荷傳輸單元,特別為那些以三芳基胺為主之單元。
根據本發明的聚合物和寡聚物通常係藉由一或多種類別的單體之聚合反應而製備,其中至少一種單體造成了聚合物中的式(1)重複單元。適當的聚合反應為發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者已知且說明於文獻中。造成C-C或C-N連結之特別適當且較佳的聚合反應為下列者:(A)SUZUKI聚合反應;(B)YAMAMOTO聚合反應;(C)STILLE聚合反應;以及(D)HARTWIG-BUCHWALD聚合反應。
其中可以該等方法進行聚合反應的方式及接著可從反應介質分離且純化聚合物的方式為發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者已知且詳細說明於文獻中,例如在WO 2003/048225、WO 2004/037887及WO 2004/037887中。
對於從液相處理根據本發明之化合物,例如藉由旋塗或藉由印刷法,需調配根據本發明之化合物。這些調配物可為例如,溶液、分散液或乳劑。為此目的,可較佳的使用二或更多溶劑的混合物。適當且較佳的溶劑為例如:甲苯、苯甲醚、鄰、間或對二甲苯、苯甲酸甲酯、均三甲苯(mesitylene)、四氫萘(tetralin)、藜蘆素(veratrol)、THF、甲基-THF、THP、氯苯、二氧雜環己烷
(dioxane)、苯氧基甲苯(特別是3-苯氧基甲苯)、(-)-葑酮((-)-fenchone)、1,2,3,5-四甲基苯、1,2,4,5-四甲基苯、1-甲基萘、2-甲基苯并噻唑、2-苯氧基乙醇、2-吡咯烷酮、3-甲基苯甲醚、4-甲基苯甲醚、3,4-二甲基苯甲醚、3,5-二甲基苯甲醚、苯乙酮、莲-萜品醇、苯并噻唑、苯甲酸丁酯、異丙苯(cumene)、環己醇、環己酮、環己基苯、十氫萘、十二烷基苯、苯甲酸乙酯、二氫茚、苯甲酸甲酯、NMP、對異丙基甲苯、乙氧基苯、1,4-二異丙基苯、二苄基醚、二乙二醇丁基甲基醚、三乙二醇丁基甲基醚、二乙二醇二丁基醚、三乙二醇二甲基醚、二乙二醇一丁醚、三丙二醇二基醚、四乙二醇二甲基醚、2-異丙基萘、戊基苯、己基苯、庚基苯、辛基苯、1,1-雙(3,4-二甲基苯基)乙烷或這些溶劑的混合物。
本發明因而再關於調配物,特別是溶液、分散液或乳劑,包括至少一式(I)化合物或包含至少一式(I)單元的至少一聚合物、寡聚物或樹枝狀聚合物,及至少一溶劑,較佳為有機溶劑。可製備其中此類別溶液的方式為發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者已知且述於例如,在WO 2002/072714、WO 2003/019694與其中引用的文獻。
根據本發明之化合物適合用於電子裝置,特別是在有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。視取代而定,化合物用於不同功能與層。
根據本發明之化合物可用在有機電致發光裝置中的任何功能,例如作為基質材料、作為發光材料、作
為電洞傳輸材料或作為電子傳輸材料。較佳為用作為在發光層中的基質材料,較佳地為螢光發光層,及用作為電子傳輸層的電子傳輸材料或有機電致發光裝置的發光層。
本發明因而再關於式(I)化合物於電子裝置中之用途。此處電子裝置較佳地係選自選自由下列所組成之群組:有機集成電路(OIC)、有機場效電晶體(OFET)、有機薄膜電晶體(OTFT)、有機發光電晶體(OLET)、有機太陽能電池(OSC)、有機光學探測器、有機感光體、有機場淬息裝置(OFQD)、有機發光電化學元件(OLEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及特佳為有機電致發光裝置(OLED)。
本發明再關於包括至少一式(I)化合物的電子裝置。此處電子裝置較佳地選自上述所指的裝置。特佳為包括陽極、陰極及至少一發光層之有機電致發光裝置,特徵在於至少一有機層包括至少一有機式(I)化合物。非常佳為包括陽極、陰極及至少一選自發光層與電子傳輸層的層(包括至少一式(I)化合物)的有機電致發光裝置。
除了陰極、陽極及發光層以外,有機電致發光裝置亦可包含更多層。該等層在各情況中係選自例如電洞注入層、電洞傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子傳輸層、電子注入層、電子阻擋層、激子阻擋層、中間層、電荷產生層之一或多者(IDMC 2003,Taiwan;Session 21 OLED(5),T.Matsumoto,T.Nakada,J.Endo,K.Mori,N.Kawamura,A.Yokoi,J.Kido,Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer)及/或有機或無機p/n接面。
有機電致發光裝置之層的順序較佳如下:陽極-電洞注入層-電洞傳輸層-發光層-電子傳輸層-電子注入層-陰極。此處沒有必要所有該些層都必須存在,且此外,可存在另外層,例如電子阻擋層(鄰接陽極側的發光層),或電洞阻擋層(鄰接陰極側的發光層)。
根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置可包括複數個發光層。這些發射層在此例中,特佳地具有複數個最大發射總和介於380nm及750nm之間,總體造成發白光,即,各種發光化合物(其能夠發螢光或磷光且發藍或黃或綠或橘或紅光)用於發光層。特別佳者提供三層系統,即具有三發光層的系統,其中這些層的至少一者較佳地包括至少一式(I)化合物且其中,三層展現藍、綠和橘或紅發射(其基本結構見於,例如,WO 2005/011013)。應注意為了產生白光,個別使用的發射體化合物(其在廣的波長範圍發射)亦可適當的取代複數個發出顏色的發射體化合物。根據本發明之化合物可或者及/或額外地亦呈現在電子傳輸層或在此類有機電致發光裝置的另一層。
根據本發明之化合物為特別適合用作為發射體化合物(較佳地藍色發光發射體化合物,特佳為發藍光螢光發射體化合物)的基質化合物。在此例中,較佳地化合物不包括雜芳族基團。特佳地,在此例中,化合物中之基團Ar2係選自苯基、1-萘基、及具有13至30個芳族環原子之芳族環系統,其各者可視需要經取代。又更佳地,在此例中基團Ar2為視需要經取代之苯基。
根據本發明之化合物亦可用作為發射體化合物(其展現熱活化延遲螢光(thermally activated delayed fluorescence)(TADF))之基質化合物。TADF中之發射機制的基本原則揭露於H.Uoyama et al.,Nature 2012,492,234。
若使用根據本發明之化合物作為基質材料,則其可與發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者已知的任何所欲發光化合物組合使用。較佳地,與較佳的下述發光化合物,特別是下述較佳的螢光化合物組合使用。
於此例中,其中,有機電致發光裝置之發光層包括發光化合物及基質化合物的混合物,下述適用:在發光層之混合物中,發光化合物之比例較佳地介於0.1及50.0%,特佳地介於0.5及20.0%,且極特較佳地介於1.0及10.0%。對應地,基質材料或基質材料群之比例較佳地介於50.0及99.9%,特佳地介於80.0及99.5%,且極特佳地介於90.0及99.0%。
若自氣相施用化合物,則本申請內文中以%指出的比例被認為是指體積%,而若自溶液施用化合物,則其被認為是指重量%。
根據本發明之化合物亦可再用作為具電子傳輸功能性之層(諸如電子傳輸層、電洞阻擋層、電子注入層或發光層)中的電子傳輸化合物。為此目的,根據本發明之化合物較佳包含一或多個取代基,其選自電子缺陷雜芳基,諸如,例如:三、嘧啶、吡啶、咪唑或苯并咪
唑。較佳地,在此例中,式(I)化合物中之基團Ar2表示或包含此電子缺陷雜芳基。
用作為根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置的對應功能材料一般較佳的材料類別係如下所指。
適當的發磷光化合物為特別是在適當的激發下(較佳地在可見區域)發光且此外包含至少一原子具有原子數大於20,較佳地大於38且少於84,特佳地大於56且少於80的化合物。所用之發磷光化合物為較佳地包含銅、鉬、鎢、錸、釕、鋨、銠、銥、鈀、鉑、銀、金或銪的化合物,特別是包含銥、鉑或銅之化合物。
針對本發明之目的,所有發光銥、鉑或銅複合物被視為是磷光化合物。
上述發磷光化合物的例子係由下申請案揭露:WO 2000/70655、WO 2001/41512、WO 2002/02714、WO 2002/15645、EP 1191613、EP 1191612、EP 1191614、WO 2005/033244、WO 2005/019373及US 2005/0258742。一般而言,依據先前技術對磷光OLED所使用之所有磷光複合物及對於在有機電致發光裝置領域中之發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者已知的所有磷光複合物均適合用於根據本發明之裝置。發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者亦能夠,無進步性地,運用另外的磷光複合物組合根據本發明之化合物於OLED中。
除了根據本發明之化合物以外,較佳的螢光發射體係選自:芳基胺類別。芳基胺在本發明的意義上被
認為是指包含三取代或未經取代之直接鍵結到氮的芳族或雜芳族環系統之化合物。這些芳族或雜芳族環系統少一者較佳為縮合環系統,特佳地具有至少14個芳族環原子。其較佳的例子為芳族蒽胺(anthracenamine)、芳族蒽二胺(anthracenediamine)、芳族芘胺(pyrenamine)、芳族芘二胺(pyrenediamine)、芳族胺(chrysenamine)或芳族二胺(chrysenediamine)。芳族蒽胺(anthracenamine)被認為是指其中一個二芳基胺基直接鍵結到蔥基(較佳地在9-位置)之化合物。芳族蒽二胺(anthracenediamine)被認為是指其中二個二芳基胺基直接鍵結到蔥基(較佳地在9,10-位置)之化合物。芳族芘胺(pyrenamine)、芘二胺(pyrenediamine)、胺(chrysenamine)及二胺(chrysenediamine)被類似地定義,其中,二芳基胺基較佳地鍵結到芘(在1-位置或在1,6-位置)。又較佳的發射體為茚并茀胺或茚并茀二胺,例如依據WO 2006/108497或WO 2006/122630,苯并茚并茀胺或苯并茚并茀二胺,例如依據WO 2008/006449,及二苯并茚并茀胺或二苯并茚并茀二胺,例如依據WO 2007/140847,且茚并茀衍生物包含縮合芳基,其係揭露於WO 2010/012328。同樣較佳地為揭露於WO 2012/048780及WO 2013/185871中之芘芳基胺。同樣較佳地為揭露於WO 2014/037077中之苯并茚并茀胺、揭露於WO 2014/106522中之苯并茀-胺及揭露於WO 2014/111269中之延伸之茚并茀。
發磷光化合物之較佳的基質材料為芳族胺,特別是三芳基胺,例如依據US 2005/0069729,咔唑衍生物(例如CBP、N,N-雙咔唑基聯苯)或依據WO 2005/039246、US 2005/0069729、JP 2004/288381、EP 1205527或WO 2008/086851之化合物、橋聯咔唑衍生物,例如依據WO 2011/088877及WO 2011/128017、茚并咔唑衍生物,例如依據WO 2010/136109及WO 2011/000455、氮雜咔唑衍生物,例如依據EP 1617710、EP 1617711、EP 1731584、JP 2005/347160、吲哚并咔唑衍生物,例如依據WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746、酮,例如依據WO 2004/093207或WO 2010/006680、膦氧化物、亞碸及碸,例如依據WO 2005/003253、寡聚亞苯基、雙極性基質材料,例如依據WO 2007/137725、矽烷類,例如依據WO 2005/111172、氮雜硼雜環戊烯(azaborole)或硼酸酯,例如依據WO 2006/117052、三衍生物,例如依據WO 2010/015306、WO 2007/063754或WO 2008/056746、鋅複合物,例如依據EP 652273或WO 2009/062578、鋁複合物、例如BAlq、二氮雜矽雜環戊二
烯(diazasilole)及四氮雜矽雜環戊二烯(tetraazasilole)衍生物,例如依據WO 2010/054729、及二氮雜磷雜環戊二烯(diazaphosphole)衍生物,例如依據WO 2010/054730。
用於與螢光發光化合物組合之較佳的基質材料,除了式(I)化合物之外係選自:寡伸芳基類別(例如,依據EP 676461之2,2’,7,7’-四苯基螺二茀(spirobifluorene),或二萘蒽),特別為含有縮合芳族基團之寡伸芳基、寡伸芳基伸乙烯基(例如,依據EP 676461之DPVBi或螺-DPVBi)、多足(polypodal)金屬錯合物(例如,依據WO 2004/081017)、電洞傳導化合物(例如,依據WO 2004/058911)、電子傳導化合物,特別為酮、膦氧化物、亞碸等(例如,依據WO 2005/084081及WO 2005/084082)、位阻鏡像異構物(atropisomer)(例如,依據WO 2006/048268)、硼酸衍生物(例如,依據WO 2006/117052)或苯并蒽(例如,依據WO 2008/145239)。特佳的基質材料係選自:寡伸芳基類別,包括萘、蒽、苯并蒽及/或芘或這些化合物的位阻鏡像異構物、寡伸芳基伸乙烯基、酮、膦氧化物及亞碸。極特佳的基質材料係選自:寡伸芳基類別,包括蒽、苯并蒽、苯并菲及/或芘或這些化合物的位阻鏡像異構物。寡伸芳基在本發明的意義上意於被認為是指其中至少三個芳基或伸芳基彼此鍵結之化合物。
可用於根據本發明之有機電致發光裝置的電洞注入或電洞傳輸層或電子阻擋層或電子傳輸層之適當的
電荷傳輸材料為例如揭露於Y.Shirota et al.,Chem.Rev.2007,107(4),953-1010之化合物,或依據先前技術用於這些層中的其他材料。
可用於根據本發明之電致發光裝置中的電洞傳輸、電洞注入或電子阻擋層中之較佳的電洞傳輸材料的例子除了式(I)化合物之外,為茚并茀胺衍生物(例如依據WO 06/122630或WO 06/100896)、揭露於EP 1661888之胺衍生物、六氮雜聯三伸苯(hexaazatriphenylene)衍生物(例如依據WO 01/049806)、包含縮合芳族環之胺衍生物(例如依據US 5,061,569)、揭露於WO 95/09147之胺衍生物、一苯并茚并茀胺(例如依據WO 08/006449)、二苯并茚并茀胺(例如依據WO 07/140847)、螺二茀胺(例如依據WO 2012/034627或WO 2013/120577)、茀胺(例如依據WO 2014/015937、WO 2014/015938及WO 2014/015935)、螺二苯并哌喃胺(例如依據WO 2013/083216)及二氫吖啶衍生物(例如依據WO 2012/150001)。
有機電致發光裝置的陰極較佳地包含具有低功函數的金屬、金屬合金或包含各種金屬的多層化結構,諸如例如鹼土金屬、鹼金屬、主族金屬或鑭系元素(例如,Ca、Ba、Mg、Al、In、Mg、Yb、Sm等)。亦適合的是包含鹼金屬或鹼土金屬及銀的合金,例如包含鎂及銀的合金。在多層化結構的情況中,除了該等金屬以外,亦可使用具有相對高功函數的其他金屬,諸如Ag或Al,在該情況中通常使用金屬的組合,諸如例如,Ca/Ag、Mg/Ag
或Ag/Ag。可能亦較佳的是在金屬陰極與有機半導體之間導入具有高介電常數之材料的薄中間層。適合於此目的為例如鹼金屬氟化物或鹼土金屬氟化物,但亦為對應之氧化物或碳酸鹽(例如,LiF、Li2O、BaF2、MgO、NaF、CsF、Cs2CO3等)。此外,亦可就此目的使用喹啉酸鋰(LiQ)。此層的層厚度較佳為介於0.5與5nm之間。
陽極較佳地包含具有高功函數的材料。陽極較佳地具有相對於真空而大於4.5eV之功函數。適合於此目的的一方面為具有高還原氧化電位的金屬,諸如例如Ag、Pt或Au。另一方面,金屬/金屬氧化物電極(例如,Al/Ni/NiOx、Al/PtOx)亦可為較佳者。就一些應用而言,電極中之至少一者必須為透明或部分透明,俾以促進有機材料(有機太陽能電池)的照射或光線的耦合輸出(OLED、O-雷射)。較佳的陽極材料在此為導電性混合型金屬氧化物。特別優先選擇為氧化銦錫(ITO)或氧化銦鋅(IZO)。此外,優先選擇為導電性摻雜型有機材料,特別為導電性摻雜型聚合物。
將裝置適當地(取決於應用而定)結構化,配備有接觸點且最後封裝,因為在水及/或空氣的存在下使根據本發明的裝置壽命縮短。
在較佳的具體實施例中,根據本發明的有機電致發光裝置之特徵在於一或多層係利用昇華法塗覆,其中材料係在真空昇華單元中以低於10-5毫巴,較佳為低於10-6毫巴之初壓力下以蒸氣沉積法塗覆。然而,初壓力在
此亦可能甚至更低,例如低於10-7毫巴。
同樣地優先選擇為有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於一或多層係利用OVPD(有機蒸氣相沉積)法或輔以載體-氣體昇華法塗覆,其中材料係在介於10-5毫巴與1巴之間的壓力下塗覆。此方法的特殊例子為OVJP(有機蒸氣噴射印刷)法,其中材料係經由噴嘴直接塗覆且因此結構化(例如,M.S.Arnold et al.,Appl.Phys.Lett. 2008,92,053301)。
此外,優先選擇為有機電致發光裝置,其特徵在於一或多層係從溶液製造,諸如例如以旋轉塗佈或利用任何所欲印刷法,諸如例如網版印刷、快乾印刷、噴嘴印刷或平版印刷,但是特別佳為LITI(光誘導熱成像,熱轉移印刷)或噴墨印刷。
為製造根據本發明的有機電致發光裝置,另外較佳的是從溶液塗覆一或多層或利用昇華法塗覆一或多層。
依據本發明,包括一或多個根據本發明化合物之電子裝置可用於顯示器中,作為在照明應用中之光源及作為醫學及/或美容應用(例如,光療法)中之光源。
下述合成一般是在保護氣體氛圍下且與乾燥溶劑進行。
反應1:Sonogashira耦合,銅(I)催化,Pd催化
反應2:Suzuki反應,Pd催化
反應3:金屬誘導成碳環反應,三氟甲磺酸鐵(III)
反應4:硼烷,Pd催化
反應5:Br-蔥衍生物,Pd催化,Suzuki反應
將50g(0.16mol)2-溴-4-氯-1-碘苯、17.3mL(0.16mol)苯基乙炔、1.66g(2.4mmol)氯化雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)及0.3g(1.6mmol)碘化銅(I)混合在500mL之三乙胺並在80℃攪拌2h。之後,使混合物冷卻至室溫並加入200mL之飽和氯化銨水溶液及400mL之甲苯。相分離。以水洗滌有機相多次,之後以二氧化矽過濾。自乙醇結晶之
後,獲得產物呈固體。產率:38g(0.13mol;83%)。
將36g(0.13mol)1a、16.5g(0.13mol)苯基硼酸、1.85g(2.6mmol)氯化雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)及27.6g(0.26mol)碳酸鈉混合於700mL甲苯/乙醇/水(2:1:1)且於迴流下加熱5h。冷卻混合物至室溫後,加入300mL之水及300mL之甲苯。相分離。以水洗滌有機相多次且於真空下移除溶劑。由在二氧化矽(庚烷)上之管柱層析法純化粗產物。可獲得所欲產物呈無色固體。產率:23g(0.8mmol,62%)。
將22.2g(0.077mol)2a及773mg(1.5mmol)三氟甲磺酸鐵(III)在80℃於400mL二氯乙烷中攪拌3小時。之後,在二氧化矽上過濾混合物,且真空下蒸發溶劑。產率:22g(76mmol;99%)。
將22g(76mmol)3a、23.2g(91mmol)硼酸聯硼酸頻那醇酯(bis(pinacolato)diboran)、1.12g(1.5mmol)氯化雙(三環己基膦)鈀(II)及12.7g(130mmol)乙酸鉀於90℃下在300mL二氧雜環己烷(dioxane)中攪拌16h,之後使之冷卻至室溫。此後,先以氧化鋁過濾混合物,之後以二氧化矽,且以甲苯洗滌。真空下移除溶劑,且自庚烷再結晶殘質。單離產物呈無色固體,產率為19.6g(51.5mmol;77%)。
於迴流下在600ml甲苯/乙醇/水(2:1:1)中加熱
18.9g(50mmol)4a、15.5g(47mmol)9-溴-10-苯基蒽、1g(0.9mmol)肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)及17.9g(0.17mmol)碳酸鈉16h。冷卻混合物至室溫後,加入200mL之甲苯且相分離。以水洗滌有機相多次並於真空下移除溶劑。此後,以氧化鋁過濾有機相。藉由自甲苯再結晶且之後昇華進一步純化產物。產率:7.8g(15.4mmol;33%)。
依據WO 04/05891具適應膜厚度及層順序進行OLED
製造。下述實施例V1至E7(見表1)顯示各種OLED之數據。
將具結構化ITO(50nm,氧化銦錫)之玻璃板以20nm PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-伸乙二氧基噻吩)聚(苯乙烯-磺酸酯,來自Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH Germany之CLEVIOSTM P VP AI 4083,自水系溶液旋轉塗佈)塗佈並形成其上OLED經處理之基材。
OLED原則上具有下述層結構:- 基材,- ITO(50nm),- 緩衝(20nm),- 電洞注入層(HTL1 95%,HIL 5%)(20nm),- 電洞傳輸層(HTL2)(20nm),- 發射層(EML)(20nm),- 電子傳輸層(見表2,EIL 50%)(30nm),- 電子注入層(EIL)(3nm),- 陰極。
由具厚度100nm之鋁層形成陰極。用於OLED製造之材料呈現於表1。
於真空室用熱蒸氣沈積來施用所有材料。此處發射層總是由至少一基質材料(主體材料=H)及發射摻雜物(發射體=D)(藉由共蒸發與基質材料混合或按某體積比
例與基質材料混合)所構成。此處表示法諸如H1:D1(95%:5%)意指材料H1係按95%體積比例存在於層中,而D1係以5%之比例存在於層中。類似地,電子傳輸層亦可由二或更多材料之混合物所構成。
OLED由標準方法特徵化。為此目的,假定Lambertian發射概況,從電流/電壓/亮度特徵線(IUL特徵線)測定電致發光光譜、電流效率(以cd/A測量)及外部量子效率(EQE,在1000cd/m2以%測量)。在發光密度為1000cd/m2紀錄電致發光(EL)光譜且之後從EL光譜計算CIE 1931x與y座標。對於所有實驗,測定壽命LT95。壽命LT95 @ 1000cd/m2經定義為1000cd/m2之起使發光密度下降5%之後的時間。各種OLED的裝置數據總結於表2中。以“V”開頭的實施例為根據最新技術的比較例。以“E”開頭的實施例表示根據本發明之OLED。
在下列章節中,更詳細描述數個實施例以顯示本發明OLED之優點。
本發明化合物,以H1及H2表示,為特別適於作為OLED之螢光藍色發射層中的主體材料。對於最新技術的比較例係以VH-1及VH-2表示,摻雜螢光發射體D1或D2。
本發明化合物用作為主體材料(具有在菲上苯基的單一取代)(在裝置E3及E4的H1)相較於最新技術(其
中,菲經由苯基環取代兩次(在裝置V1及V2的VH-1)),導致顯著改良的OLED裝置數據,。
再者,本發明化合物(具有1-萘基取代)(H2)相較於最新技術的化合物(其在相應位置帶有2-萘基)(在裝置V5及V6中之VH-2),產生改良之EQE及壽命(裝置E7及E8)。
總結,使用本發明化合物作為主體材料相較於最新技術的材料,導致顯著改良之OLED裝置數據,特別是關於外部量子效率及裝置壽命。
此外,本發明化合物亦適用於作為電子傳輸材料,例如在OLED之螢光藍色發射層中,此處由ETL2表示。使用本發明化合物作為電子傳輸材料導致有競爭性的OLED裝置數據,比較裝置實施例E9與裝置V1中最新技術的電子傳輸材料。
Claims (9)
- 一種根據式(I-2)之化合物
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物,其中,Ar1係苯基或萘基,其各可經一或多個基R1取代。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之化合物,其中,R1於每次出現時相同或不同地選自:H、D、F、CN、Si(R5)3、具有1至20個C原子之直鏈烷基或烷氧基、或具有3至20個C原子之支鏈或環狀烷基或烷氧基;其中,該烷基及烷氧基在各例中可經一或多個基R5取代。
- 一種製備如申請專利範圍第1項之化合物之方法,其特徵在於- 經芳基取代之菲衍生物係由包括過渡金屬催化之耦合反應及成碳環反應之順序製備,且- 於此,此經芳基取代之菲衍生物於該過渡金屬催化之耦合反應中耦合至蔥衍生物。
- 一種調配物,包括如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物及至少一溶劑。
- 一種選自由下列所組成之群組之電子裝置:有機積體電路(OIC)、有機場效電晶體(OFET)、有機薄膜電晶體(OTFT)、有機發光電晶體(OLET)、有機太陽能電池(OSC)、有機光學探測器、有機感光體、有機場淬息裝置(OFQD)、有機發光電化學元件(OLEC)、有機雷射二極體(O-雷射)及有機電致發光裝置(OLED),包括如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第6項之電子裝置,係選自有機 電致發光裝置,包括陽極、陰極、發光層及視需要進一步之有機層,其中該至少一化合物或該至少一聚合物係存在於發光層或在具有電子傳輸功能之層。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之電子裝置,其中,該至少一化合物或該至少一聚合物係以基質材料存在,在發光層中與螢光發射體組合,或在具有電子傳輸功能之層以電子傳輸材料存在。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之化合物於電子裝置中之用途。
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EP3341448A1 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
WO2017036573A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
CN107849444A (zh) | 2018-03-27 |
KR102662806B1 (ko) | 2024-05-02 |
EP3341448B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
JP2018532700A (ja) | 2018-11-08 |
JP6833821B2 (ja) | 2021-02-24 |
TW201726589A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
KR20180048768A (ko) | 2018-05-10 |
US20180327339A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
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