TW201712140A - 選擇性地沉積材料的方法及選擇性地沉積金屬氧化物膜的方法 - Google Patents
選擇性地沉積材料的方法及選擇性地沉積金屬氧化物膜的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201712140A TW201712140A TW105124388A TW105124388A TW201712140A TW 201712140 A TW201712140 A TW 201712140A TW 105124388 A TW105124388 A TW 105124388A TW 105124388 A TW105124388 A TW 105124388A TW 201712140 A TW201712140 A TW 201712140A
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- Prior art keywords
- metal
- selectively depositing
- substrate
- metal oxide
- deposition
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910019800 NbF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 TaCl 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004529 TaF 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trioxane Chemical compound C1OCOCO1 BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RPDFRSKJKOQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyldodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCC(CC)CC RPDFRSKJKOQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HPQRSQFZILKRDH-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloro(trimethyl)plumbane Chemical compound C[Pb](C)(C)Cl HPQRSQFZILKRDH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002094 self assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013545 self-assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N telluride(2-) Chemical compound [Te-2] XSOKHXFFCGXDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02225—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer
- H01L21/0226—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process
- H01L21/02263—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase
- H01L21/02271—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
- H01L21/0228—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the process for the formation of the insulating layer formation by a deposition process deposition from the gas or vapour phase deposition by decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition deposition by cyclic CVD, e.g. ALD, ALE, pulsed CVD
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
- C23C16/405—Oxides of refractory metals or yttrium
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02172—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides
- H01L21/02175—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides characterised by the metal
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02205—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being characterised by the precursor material for deposition
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02296—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer
- H01L21/02299—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer pre-treatment
- H01L21/02312—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer pre-treatment treatment by exposure to a gas or vapour
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/31—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers
- H01L21/32—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques; After treatment of these layers; Selection of materials for these layers using masks
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Electrodes Of Semiconductors (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
提供在基板的第一金屬或金屬性表面上相對於基板的第二介電質表面選擇性地沈積材料、或在基板的第一金屬氧化物表面上相對於第二矽氧化物表面選擇性地沈積金屬氧化物的方法。被選擇性地沈積的材料可為例如金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物、金屬矽化物、金屬碳化物及/或介電質材料。在一些實施例中,包括第一金屬或金屬性表面及第二介電質表面的基板交替地且依序地與第一氣相金屬鹵化物反應物及第二反應物接觸。在一些實施例中,包括第一金屬氧化物表面及第二矽氧化物表面的基板交替地且依序地與第一氣相金屬氟化物或氯化物反應物及水接觸。
Description
本申請案主張於2015年8月3日提出申請的名稱為「在金屬或金屬性表面上相對於介電質表面之選擇性沈積(SELECTIVE DEPOSITION ON METAL OR METALLIC SURFACES RELATIVE TO DIELECTRIC SURFACES)」的美國臨時專利申請案第62/200,502號、以及於2016年1月21日提出申請的名稱為「在金屬或金屬性表面上的相對於介電質表面之選擇性沈積」的美國臨時專利申請案第61/281,593號的權利,所述美國臨時專利申請案全文倂入本案供參考。
本申請案是有關於材料在基板的第一金屬或金屬性表面上的相對於第二介電質表面(例如,SiO2
表面)的選擇性沈積。
目前藉由複雜的製程來製造積體電路,在所述複雜的製程中,在半導體基板上按預定配置依序建構各種材料層。
材料在半導體基板上的預定配置常常是藉由以下方式達成:在整個基板表面上沈積材料,然後自所述基板的預定區域移除所述材料,例如藉由沈積遮罩層並隨後進行選擇性蝕刻製程。
在一些情形中,可利用選擇性沈積製程而減少在基板上製造積體表面時涉及的步驟數目,在所述選擇性沈積製程中,材料相對於第二表面選擇性地沈積在第一表面上,而無需進行後續處理或所需的後續處理減少。本文中揭露了在基板的第一金屬或金屬性表面上相對於所述基板的第二介電質表面進行選擇性沈積的方法。
在一些實施例中,提供在基板的第一金屬或金屬性表面上相對於所述基板的第二介電質表面選擇性地沈積材料的方法。在一些實施例中,一種方法可包括一或多個包括以下的沈積循環:在等於或高於約225℃的溫度下使所述基板與包含金屬鹵化物的第一氣相前驅物接觸;使所述基板與第二氣相前驅物接觸;以及視需要重複所述接觸步驟,直至在所述第一金屬或金屬性表面上沈積有所需厚度的材料。在一些實施例中,所述材料以高於約50%的選擇性而相對於所述第二介電質表面沈積於所述第一金屬或金屬性表面上。在一些實施例中,所述金屬鹵化物選自Nb、Ta、Mo、W、V、Cr的氟化物或氯化物。在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物選自NbCl5
、NbF5
、TaCl5
、TaF5
、MoFx
、MoClx
、VFx
、VClx
、及CrFx
。在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物選自NbCl5
、NbF5
、TaCl5
及TaF5
。在一些實施例中,所述第二介電質表面包含Si-O鍵。在一些實施例中,所述第二介電質表面包括非傳導性表面。在一些實施例中,所述金屬鹵化物不包括鎢。在一些實施例中,所述材料包括金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬矽化物、金屬碳化物或金屬氮化物。在一些實施例中,所述方法可更包括在等於或高於約300℃的溫度下使所述基板與包含金屬鹵化物的第一氣相前驅物接觸。在一些實施例中,所述第二前驅物包含矽烷。在一些實施例中,所述矽烷選自二矽烷、三矽烷及烷基矽烷。在一些實施例中,所述矽烷是二乙基矽烷。在一些實施例中,所述第二前驅物包含O-H鍵或向所述表面提供OH基。在一些實施例中,所述第二前驅物包含水或H2
O2
。在一些實施例中,所述方法可更包括藉由將所述所沈積的材料暴露至包含氧的反應物而將所述所沈積的材料轉換成包含氧的材料。在一些實施例中,在100個沈積循環之後在所述基板的所述第二介電質表面上不存在材料的可量測的沈積。在一些實施例中,所述材料以高於約95%的選擇性而相對於所述第二介電質表面沈積於所述第一金屬或金屬性表面上。
在一些實施例中,一種在基板的第一金屬氧化物表面或介電質表面上相對於所述基板的第二SiO2
表面選擇性地沈積金屬氧化物膜的方法可包括一或多個沈積循環,所述沈積循環包括使所述基板交替地且依序地與包含金屬鹵化物的氣相第一反應物及包含水的氣相第二反應物接觸。在一些實施例中,所述基板在高於約225℃的溫度下與所述第一反應物接觸。在一些實施例中,所述金屬氧化物膜以高於約50%的選擇性而相對於所述第二SiO2
表面沈積於所述第一金屬氧化物表面或介電質表面上。在一些實施例中,所述第一金屬氧化物表面包含氧化鎢、氧化鉿、氧化鈦、氧化鋁或氧化鋯。在一些實施例中,所述所沈積的金屬氧化物膜包括NbOx
膜。
根據本發明的一些態樣,可使用無需任何單獨鈍化化學製品或阻斷劑的選擇性沈積以相對於第二表面在第一表面上沈積材料。然而,在一些實施例中,可視需要使用鈍化化學製品或阻斷劑。其可包括例如自組裝單層(self-assembled monolayer)。在一些實施例中,在基板的第一金屬或金屬性表面上相對於所述基板的第二介電質表面選擇性地沈積材料。在一些實施例中,所述第二表面包括-OH基,例如SiO2
系表面。在一些實施例中,在基板的第一金屬氧化物表面或介電質表面上相對於第二不同SiO2
表面選擇性地沈積例如NbOx
等金屬氧化物。在一些實施例中,使用原子層沈積(atomic layer deposition,ALD)型製程。在完成對材料的選擇性沈積之後,可進行進一步的處理以形成所需的結構。
除非另外指出,否則若一個表面在本文中被稱為金屬表面,則所述表面可為金屬表面或金屬性表面。在一些實施例中,所述金屬或金屬性表面可包括金屬,例如元素金屬、金屬氮化物、金屬矽化物、金屬碳化物及/或其混合物。在一些實施例中,所述金屬或金屬性表面可包括表面氧化,例如自然金屬氧化物的表面層。在一些實施例中,所述金屬或金屬性表面的金屬或金屬性材料在存在或不存在表面氧化時具有導電性。在一些實施例中,所述金屬或金屬性表面包含矽,例如經H封端的矽。在一些實施例中,所述金屬或金屬性表面是例如經H封端的矽表面等矽表面。在一些實施例中,所述金屬或金屬性表面並非例如經H封端的矽表面等矽表面。第一金屬或金屬性表面亦可在本文中被稱為第一表面。
在一些實施例中,金屬或金屬性表面包含一或多種過渡金屬。在一些實施例中,金屬或金屬性表面包含鋁。在一些實施例中,金屬或金屬性表面包含Al、Cu、Co、Ni、W中的一或多者。在一些實施例中,金屬性表面包含氮化鈦。在一些實施例中,金屬或金屬性表面包含一或多種貴金屬,例如Ru。在一些實施例中,金屬或金屬性表面包含傳導性金屬氧化物,例如貴金屬氧化物(如氧化釕)。
在一些實施例中,材料選擇性地沈積於包括金屬氧化物表面的第一金屬表面上。金屬氧化物表面可為例如氧化鎢、氧化鉿、氧化鈦、氧化鋁或氧化鋯表面。在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物表面是金屬性材料的經氧化表面。在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物表面是藉由使用氧化合物(例如包含O3
、H2
O、H2
O2
、O2
、氧原子、電漿或自由基或其混合物的化合物)來至少使金屬性材料的表面氧化而形成。在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物表面是形成於金屬性材料上的自然氧化物。
在一些實施例中,材料相對於第二SiO2
表面選擇性地沈積於包括介電質表面的第一表面上。
在一些實施例中,金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬矽化物、金屬碳化物、或金屬氮化物或其混合物相對於基板的第二介電質表面選擇性地沈積於所述基板的第一金屬或金屬性表面上。在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的材料並非鎢或矽化鎢。在本文中使用用語介電質是為了簡潔地與其他表面(即,金屬或金屬性表面)區分。除非針對特定實施例另外指明,否則在本申請案的上下文中的用語介電質可被理解為涵蓋不導電或具有極高電阻率的所有表面。在一些實施例中,所述介電質表面可在本文中被稱為第二表面。在一些實施例中,所述第二表面可包括任何介電質表面。
在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物選擇性地沈積於基板的第一金屬表面上,其中金屬表面相對於第二SiO2
表面包含金屬氧化物。在一些實施例中,第一金屬氧化物表面可為例如氧化鎢、氧化鉿、氧化鈦、氧化鋁或氧化鋯表面。在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物相對於第二SiO2
表面沈積於第一介電質表面上。在一些實施例中,沈積於第一金屬氧化物表面上的金屬氧化物是NbOx
,例如Nb2
O5
。第二SiO2
表面可為例如自然氧化物、熱氧化物或化學氧化物。
為簡潔起見,在本文中可由式MOx
來指代材料(例如,膜),其中M是金屬。式MOx
表示材料主要包含金屬M及氧,但在此種材料中亦可存在雜質。在一些實施例中,式MOx
表示所述材料是金屬M的氧化物。
圖1是製程流程圖,其概括說明一種用於在基板的第一金屬或金屬性表面上相對於所述同一基板的第二介電質表面選擇性地沈積材料的製程10。
在一些實施例中,在步驟11處提供包括第一金屬或金屬性表面以及第二介電質表面的基板。在一些實施例中,提供具有包括金屬氧化物表面的第一金屬表面的基板。在一些實施例中,第二表面可包含-OH基。在一些實施例中,第二表面可為SiO2
系表面。在一些實施例中,第二表面可包含Si-O鍵。在一些實施例中,第二表面可包含SiO2
系低介電常數材料。在一些實施例中,第二表面可包含多於約30%或多於約50%的SiO2
。在一些實施例中,第二表面可包含GeO2
。在一些實施例中,第二表面可包含Ge-O鍵。
在一些實施例中,在使基板接觸第一反應物之前,視需要使用預處理或清潔的步驟12。所述預處理或清潔步驟可包括電漿處理、氫處理或熱處理。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,視需要減少基板的金屬或金屬性表面的經氧化部分(若存在)。在一些實施例中,可藉由氫或含有氫的電漿、自由基或原子來減少經氧化表面。在一些實施例中,不使用電漿而是例如藉由暴露至羧酸(例如,甲酸)而減少經氧化表面。
在可選的預處理或清潔的步驟12(若執行)之後,在步驟13處使基板與包含金屬鹵化物的第一反應物接觸。在一些實施例中,所述金屬鹵化物是金屬氟化物或金屬氯化物。在一些實施例中,所述金屬鹵化物相對於介電質表面選擇性地吸附在基板的金屬或金屬性表面上。在一些實施例中,較大量的金屬鹵化物相對於介電質表面吸附在金屬或金屬性表面上。在一些實施例中,實質上沒有金屬鹵化物吸附在介電質表面上。在一些實施例中,沒有金屬鹵化物吸附在介電質表面上。在一些實施例中,沒有大量或可偵測到的量的金屬鹵化物吸附在介電質表面上。
在一些實施例中,具有包括金屬氧化物表面的第一金屬表面及第二SiO2
表面的基板與金屬鹵化物反應物(例如,金屬氟化物或金屬氯化物)接觸。舉例而言,所述基板可與NbF5
接觸。在一些實施例中,金屬鹵化物相對於SiO2
表面選擇性地吸附在金屬氧化物表面上。在一些實施例中,較大量的金屬鹵化物相對於SiO2
表面吸附在金屬氧化物表面上。在一些實施例中,實質上沒有金屬鹵化物吸附在SiO2
表面上。在一些實施例中,沒有金屬鹵化物吸附在SiO2
表面上。在一些實施例中,沒有顯著的或可偵測到的量的金屬鹵化物吸附在SiO2
表面上。
在一些實施例中,然後在步驟14處可使金屬表面、金屬性表面或金屬氧化物表面上所吸附的金屬鹵化物與一或多種額外的反應物反應以形成所需的材料,例如氧化物或金屬性材料、矽化物、金屬氮化物、金屬碳化物或其混合物。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,所吸附的金屬鹵化物可與包含-OH基的第二反應物(例如,水)反應,藉此形成金屬氧化物。可提供額外的反應物以獲得所需的材料。
在一些實施例中,在步驟14處,在自反應空間移除金屬鹵化物反應物或將基板暴露於沖洗氣體之後,使基板與第二反應物接觸。在一些實施例中,第二反應物包含-OH基。在一些實施例中,第二反應物是水。
使基板與第一金屬鹵化物反應物接觸、自反應空間移除第一金屬鹵化物反應物、使基板與第二反應物接觸、以及自反應空間移除第二反應物可一起被視為一個沈積循環。亦即,步驟13及步驟14可被視為一個沈積循環。在一些實施例中,可借助惰性沖洗氣體來達成對金屬鹵化物反應物的移除及/或對第二反應物的移除。所述沈積循環可被重複多次以選擇性地在金屬或金屬性表面上沈積所需量的材料。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,可形成具有所需厚度的所沈積材料的薄膜。
一旦材料在第一金屬表面上沈積至所需厚度,便可視需要在步驟15處對其進行處理以形成所需的材料。舉例而言,在沈積所需厚度之後,可對在所述沈積循環中沈積的材料進行氧化以形成金屬氧化物或金屬矽化物。氧化可例如藉由使基板與包含氧的反應物(例如,水、臭氧、氧原子、氧自由基或氧電漿)接觸而進行。如此一來,可自相對於第二不同介電質表面在基板的金屬或金屬性表面上所沈積的材料形成介電質材料。在一些實施例中,可使用其他處理步驟而自所沈積的材料形成例如金屬碳化物、金屬氮化物、或金屬矽化物。
在一些實施例中,在進行處理之前,可將沈積循環重複至少10次、25次、50次、100次或更多次。
可對反應條件(包括溫度)、基板表面、以及反應物(包括金屬鹵化物反應物)進行選擇以獲得材料在金屬或金屬性表面上的相對於介電質表面的所需程度的選擇性沈積。
在一些實施例中,在約250℃至約350℃或約295℃至約315℃的溫度下,金屬氧化物相對於第二SiO2
表面選擇性地沈積於包括金屬氧化物表面的第一金屬表面或包括介電質表面的第一金屬表面上。
在一些實施例中,可對第一表面及第二表面中的一或多者進行處理以增強相對於一或多個不同表面的在一個表面上的沈積。在一些實施例中,對第一金屬或金屬性表面進行處理以增強相對於第二表面的在第一表面上的沈積。在一些實施例中,對第二表面進行處理或去活化以減少相對於第一表面的在第二表面上的沈積。在一些實施例中,對第一表面進行處理以增強沈積且對第二表面進行處理以減少沈積,藉此增大在第一表面上的相對於第二表面的選擇性沈積。在一些實施例中,不進行預處理。
在一些實施例中,包括介電質材料(例如,SiO2
)的表面可包含具有使表面具有親水性的效果的氫氧基(或OH基),且可在本文中可被稱為第二表面、介電質表面或第二介電質表面。當第二表面暴露於周圍條件下時,可自然地發生此類OH基表面封端。在一些實施例中,可對介電質表面進行處理以提供親水性的經OH封端的表面。在一些實施例中,可對親水性的經OH封端的表面進行處理以增大所述表面上的OH基的量。舉例而言,可將介電質表面暴露於H2
O蒸氣以增大所述表面處的OH基的數目。在一些實施例中,舉例而言,第二表面處理可包括在介於約20℃與約50℃之間或介於約25℃與約40℃之間的溫度下將介電質表面暴露於已流經起泡器的載氣。在一些實施例中,將介電質表面暴露於含有濕氣的空氣,以提供包含至少一些OH基的親水性表面。在一些實施例中,在沈積之前未對介電質表面進行處理。
如上所述,在一些實施例中,所述沈積製程是原子層沈積(ALD)型製程。在一些實施例中,所述沈積製程是熱原子層沈積製程。在一些實施例中,所述沈積製程是包括一或多個沈積循環的氣相沈積製程,在所述沈積循環中使基板交替地且依序地與第一氣相鹵化物反應物及第二氣相反應物接觸。
在一些實施例中,所述金屬鹵化物是Nb、Ta、Mo、W、V或Cr的氟化物或氯化物。在一些實施例中,所述金屬鹵化物是Nb或Ta的氟化物或氯化物。
在一些實施例中,第一前驅物選自NbCl5
、NbF5
、TaCl5
、TaF5
、MoFx
(x可為整數,且在一些實施例中為5或6)、MoClx
(x可為整數,且在一些實施例中為5)、WF6
、WClx
(x可為整數,且在一些實施例中為5)、VFx
(x可為整數,且在一些實施例中為5)、VClx
(x可為整數,且在一些實施例中為4)、及CrFx
(x可為整數,且在一些實施例中為5)。
在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物選自NbCl5
、NbF5
、TaCl5
及TaF5
。
在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物選自NbF5
或TaF5
。
在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物選自NbCl5
或TaCl5
。
在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物是NbF5
。
在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物是TaF5
。
在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物是NbCl5
。
在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物是TaCl5
。
在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物並非為鎢前驅物。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,所述第一前驅物並非為WF6
。
在一些實施例中,第二前驅物包含矽烷,例如單矽烷(SiH4
)、二矽烷(Si2
H6
)或三矽烷(Si3
H8
)。在一些實施例中,所述第二前驅物是二烷基矽烷,例如二乙基矽烷。在一些實施例中,所述第二前驅物包含OH鍵或向表面提供OH基。在一些實施例中,所述第二前驅物是水。在一些實施例中,所述第二前驅物是H2
O2
。
在一些此類實施例中,第二反應物可包含例如氫氣H2
、氫電漿、自由基或原子。在一些實施例中,所述第二反應物可為矽烷,例如單矽烷、二矽烷或三矽烷。在一些實施例中,所述第二前驅物不包含電漿。
在一些實施例中,相對於第二表面選擇性地沈積於第一表面上的材料形成薄膜。在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的薄膜是金屬薄膜。
在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的薄膜是金屬氧化物薄膜。在一些實施例中,使用水作為第二反應物來形成金屬氧化物膜。在一些實施例中,藉由使基板交替地且依序地與包含氣相金屬鹵化物反應物的第一前驅物及包含水蒸氣的第二反應物接觸,金屬氧化物膜相對於基板上的包含介電質膜的第二表面選擇性地沈積於包含金屬或金屬性膜的第一金屬或金屬性表面上。在一些實施例中,金屬鹵化物反應物不包含W。
在一些實施例中,藉由使基板交替地且依序地與包含氣相金屬鹵化物反應物的第一前驅物及包含水蒸氣的第二反應物接觸,金屬氧化物膜相對於基板的包含SiO2
表面的第二表面選擇性地沈積於所述同一基板的包括金屬氧化物或介電質表面的第一表面上。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,藉由使基板交替地且依序地與包含金屬鹵化物反應物的第一前驅物及包含例如水蒸氣等氧反應物的第二反應物接觸,金屬氧化物(例如,NbOx
或TaOx
)相對於包含SiO2
的第二表面選擇性地沈積於包括金屬氧化物或介電質表面的第一表面上。具體而言,在一些實施例中,NbOx
(例如,Nb2
O5
)可自NbF5
及H2
O沈積於金屬氧化物(例如,氧化鎢、氧化鉿、氧化鈦、氧化鋁或氧化鋯)上。
在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的薄膜包含氧以及鈮或鉭中的一者。在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的薄膜包含NbOx
或TaOx
,其中x是約2至約2.75。為簡潔起見,在本文中可由式MOx
來指代材料(例如,膜),其中M是金屬。式MOx
表示材料主要包含金屬M及氧,但在此種材料中亦可存在雜質。在一些實施例中,式MOx
表示所述材料是金屬M的氧化物。在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的薄膜是金屬矽化物。在一些實施例中,金屬矽化物可例如藉由本文中所述的沈積製程而形成並包括包含二矽烷或三矽烷的第二反應物。
在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的薄膜是金屬碳化物膜。在一些實施例中,金屬碳化物膜可藉由本文中所述的沈積製程而形成並包括包含烷基矽烷的第二反應物。
在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的薄膜是金屬氮化物。
在一些實施例中,在高於約225℃的沈積溫度下使基板與包含金屬鹵化物的第一前驅物接觸。在一些實施例中,所述沈積溫度高於約250℃、高於約275℃、或高於約300℃。在一些實施例中,所述沈積溫度介於約250℃與約350℃之間或介於約295℃與約315℃之間。在一些實施例中,所述溫度低於約600℃、低於約500℃、或低於約450℃。
在一些實施例中,本文中所述的沈積可隨著溫度的升高(例如自約225℃至約300℃)而變得更加具有選擇性,在一些情形中(但未必在所有情形中)在高於約300℃時可看到具有幾乎完全的選擇性。選擇性可被給出為藉由[(金屬或金屬性表面上的沈積)-(介電質表面上的沈積)]/ (金屬或金屬性表面上的沈積)而計算出的百分比。可以各種方式中的任一方式來量測沈積,舉例而言,在一些實施例中,沈積可被給出為所沈積材料的所量測的厚度。在一些實施例中,沈積可被給出為所沈積材料的所量測的量。
在一些實施例中,選擇性大於約50%、大於約60%、大於約70%、大於約80%、大於約90%、大於約95%、大於約99%、或者甚至大於約99.5%。
在一些實施例中,沈積僅發生於第一表面上而不發生於第二表面上。在一些實施例中,在基板的第一表面上的相對於基板的第二表面的沈積具有至少為約80%的選擇性,此選擇性對於一些特定應用而言可為足夠的。在一些實施例中,在基板的第一表面上的相對於基板的第二表面的沈積具有至少為約50%的選擇性,此選擇性對於一些特定應用而言可為足夠的。然而,在一些實施例中,一些沈積可發生在第二表面上。
為簡潔起見,在本文中可將一種製程稱為選擇性沈積製程,乃因此種製程的最終結果是在第一表面上相對於第二表面具有選擇性的量的所沈積材料。因此,本文中使用的選擇性是指沈積製程的最終結果而未必僅指選擇性沈積。在一些實施例中,選擇性可包括例如在沈積製程期間的固有蝕刻,所述固有蝕刻相對於第一表面上的所沈積材料優先地蝕刻第二表面上的所沈積材料,藉此達成在第一表面上相對於第二表面選擇性地形成材料。
在一些實施例中,在喪失選擇性之前,在基板的第一表面上的相對於基板的第二表面的沈積可執行高達約500個沈積循環,或在喪失選擇性之前可執行高達約50個沈積循環、或高達約20個沈積循環、或高達約10個沈積循環、或高達約5個沈積循環。在一些實施例中,在喪失選擇性之前即使具有1或2個循環的沈積亦可為有用的。
在以上提及的選擇性不再被滿足時可理解為已發生選擇性的喪失。視具體情況而定,當在基板的第一表面上的相對於基板的第二表面的沈積具有小於約90%、小於約95%、小於約96%、97%、98%或99%或小於99%或更高的選擇性時,可視為已發生選擇性的喪失。
在一些實施例中,在喪失選擇性之前,在基板的第一表面上的相對於基板的第二表面的沈積可進行高達約50奈米的厚度,或在喪失選擇性之前可進行高達約10奈米的厚度、或高達約5奈米的厚度、或高達約3奈米的厚度、或高達約2奈米的厚度、或高達約1奈米的厚度。視具體情況而定,當在基板的第一表面上的相對於基板的第二表面的沈積具有小於約90%、小於約95%、小於約96%、97%、98%或99%或小於99%或更高的選擇性時,可視為已發生選擇性的喪失。
在一些實施例中,膜以大於約10的選擇性相對於第二介電質表面以約0.5奈米至約50奈米的厚度沈積於金屬或金屬性表面上(在第二介電質表面上發生的沈積少10倍)。
在一些實施例中,膜以至少98%的選擇性、以約0.5奈米至約100奈米的厚度沈積於金屬或金屬性表面上。
在一些實施例中,膜以至少98%的選擇性、以大於約20奈米、大於約50奈米或大於約100奈米的厚度沈積於金屬或金屬性表面上。
在一些實施例中,膜以大於約20的選擇性相對於第二介電質表面以約0.5奈米至約50奈米的厚度沈積於金屬或金屬性表面上(在第二介電質表面上發生的沈積少20倍)。
在一些實施例中,膜以大於約40的選擇性相對於第二介電質表面以約0.5奈米至約50奈米的厚度沈積於金屬或金屬性表面上(在第二介電質表面上發生的沈積少40倍)。
在一些實施例中,膜以大於約15、大於約25、或大於約50的選擇性相對於第二介電質表面以約0.5奈米至約10奈米的厚度沈積於金屬或金屬性表面上。
在一些實施例中,膜以大於約25、或大於約50的選擇性相對於第二介電質表面以約0.5奈米至約5奈米的厚度沈積於金屬或金屬性表面上。
在一些實施例中,在約1至25個沈積循環、約1至50個沈積循環、約1至100個沈積循環、或約1至150個沈積循環之後,膜以大於約10、大於約20或大於約40的選擇性沈積於金屬或金屬性表面上。
在一些實施例中,在約1至50個沈積循環、約1至100個沈積循環、約1至250個沈積循環、或約1至500個沈積循環之後,膜以大於約10、大於約20或大於約40的選擇性沈積於金屬或金屬性表面上。
在一些實施例中,在進行高達25個循環、50個循環、100個循環或甚至200個循環時,在第二介電質表面上未發生可量測的沈積。在一些實施例中,在進行高達25個循環、50個循環、100個循環或甚至200個循環時,在第二介電質表面上沈積有小於0.1奈米的材料。在一些實施例中,在進行高達50個循環、100個循環、250個循環或甚至500個循環時,在第二介電質表面上沈積有小於0.3奈米的材料。
本發明的實施例可有關於在積體電路製作期間在微米級(或更小)特徵上選擇性地沈積金屬氧化物。在一些實施例中,所述選擇性沈積可被應用於製造具有小於100微米、小於1微米或小於200奈米的大小的特徵。在金屬表面上進行選擇性沈積的情形中,特徵的大小或線寬可小於1微米、小於200奈米、小於100奈米、或小於50奈米或小於30奈米或小於20奈米。此項技術中具有通常知識者可認識到:使用所揭露的方法在更大的特徵或更小的特徵上及在其他構造中進行選擇性沈積是可能的。
在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的膜可以小於約20原子%、小於約10原子%、小於約5原子%、小於約2原子%、小於約1原子%或小於約0.5原子%的濃度包含例如鹵素(例如氟)等雜質。
在一些實施例中,被選擇性地沈積的膜例如在稀釋的HF中具有相對於SiO2
的蝕刻選擇性。在一些實施例中,在稀釋的HF中相對於SiO2
的濕式蝕刻選擇性大於1:5、大於1:10、或大於1:20。
在一些實施例中,可在沈積之後或在沈積期間使用蝕刻步驟以移除未被選擇性地沈積的材料。在一些實施例中,蝕刻製程可為濕式蝕刻製程或乾式蝕刻製程。在一些實施例中,蝕刻製程為乾式蝕刻製程。原子層沈積型製程
原子層沈積型製程是基於前驅物化學製品的受控的、自限制性表面反應。藉由使基板交替地且依序地與前驅物接觸而避免氣體相反應。舉例而言,藉由在反應物脈衝之間自反應室移除過量的反應物及/或反應物副產物而在基板表面上使氣相反應物彼此分離。
簡言之,通常在低壓下將包括第一金屬或金屬性表面及第二介電質表面的基板加熱至適當的沈積溫度。沈積溫度如上所述。
如上所述使基板的表面與氣相第一反應物接觸。在一些實施例中,將氣相第一反應物的脈衝提供至容納基板的反應空間。在一些實施例中,將基板移動至容納氣相第一反應物的反應空間。在一些實施例中,對條件進行選擇,以使得第一反應物的不超過約一個單層以自限制性的方式吸附在基板表面上。例如藉由以惰性氣體進行沖洗或藉由自第一反應物的存在移除基板而自基板表面移除過量的第一反應物及反應副產物(若存在)。
沖洗意指例如藉由以真空幫浦將室排空及/或藉由以惰性氣體(例如,氬氣或氮氣)替換反應器內的氣體而自基板表面移除氣相前驅物及/或氣相副產物。典型的沖洗時間是約0.05秒至20秒、介於約1秒與10秒之間、或介於約1秒與2秒之間。然而,可視需要使用其他沖洗時間,例如在需要極高縱橫比結構或其他具有複雜表面形態的結構上的高度共形階梯覆蓋性或對多個基板進行批量處理的情形中。在選擇性沈積中,可使用較長的沖洗時間或高效沖洗以避免有可能破壞選擇性的化學氣相沈積反應。
如上所述,在每一沈積循環中,基板的表面隨後與氣相第二氣態反應物接觸。在一些實施例中,將第二氣態反應物的脈衝提供至容納基板的反應空間。在一些實施例中,將基板移動至容納氣相第二反應物的反應空間。自基板表面移除過量的第二反應物及表面反應的氣態副產物(若存在)。
重複所述接觸步驟及移除步驟直至已於基板的第一表面上選擇性地形成所需厚度的薄膜。
移除過量反應物可包括排空反應空間的一些內容物及/或以氦氣、氮氣或另一惰性氣體沖洗反應空間。在一些實施例中,沖洗可包括關閉反應氣體的流動同時繼續使惰性載氣流動至反應空間。
在原子層沈積型製程中採用的前驅物可為在標準條件(室溫及大氣壓)下的固態、液態或氣態材料,前提條件是所述前驅物在與基板表面接觸之前處於氣相。使基板表面與氣化前驅物接觸意指前驅物蒸氣與基板表面以有限的時間段接觸。通常,接觸時間是約0.05秒至10秒。然而,視基板類型及其表面面積而定,接觸時間可甚至比10秒長。在一些情形中,接觸時間可處於分鐘級別。最佳接觸時間可由熟習此項技術者基於特定情況而確定。
前驅物的質量流率亦可由熟習此項技術者確定。在一些實施例中,金屬前驅物的流率無限制地介於約1標準立方公分/分鐘(sccm)與1000標準立方公分/分鐘之間,或介於約100標準立方公分/分鐘與500標準立方公分/分鐘之間。
反應室中的壓力通常為約0.01毫巴至約20毫巴、或約1毫巴至約10毫巴。然而,在一些情形中,如可由熟習此項技術者根據特定情況所確定,所述壓力將高於或低於此範圍。
可使用的適當的反應器的實例包括可商購獲得的原子層沈積儀器,例如可購自美國亞利桑那州菲尼克斯市的ASM美國有限公司(ASM America, Inc. of Phoenix, Ariz.)及荷蘭阿爾梅勒市的ASM歐洲公司(ASM Europe B.V., Almere, Netherlands)的F-120® 反應器、Pulsar®反應器及Advance® 400 系列反應器。除該些原子層沈積反應器以外,亦可採用能夠進行薄膜的原子層沈積生長的諸多其他種類的反應器(包括配備有適當儀器的化學氣相沈積反應器)以及用於脈衝供應前驅物的手段。在一些實施例中,使用流動型原子層沈積反應器。在一些實施例中,反應物保持分離直至到達反應室,使得前驅物的共用線路最小化。然而,其他配置亦為可能的,例如使用如在2004年8月30日提出申請的美國專利申請案第10/929,348號、以及在2001年4月16日提出申請的美國專利申請案第09/836,674號中所闡述的預反應室,所述美國專利申請案倂入本案供參考。
可在連接至集簇式工具(cluster tool)的反應器或反應空間中視需要進行生長製程。在集簇式工具中,由於每一反應空間專用於一種類型的製程,因此每一模組中的反應空間的溫度可保持恆定,此相較於其中基板在每次運作之前被加熱直至製程溫度的反應器會提高生產率。
獨立的反應器可配備有負載鎖定(load-lock)。在此情形中,無需在每次運作之間冷卻反應空間。實例 1
在反應室中進行如在本文中所述的沈積製程。使用NbF5
作為第一前驅物且使用H2
O作為第二反應物。將第一前驅物及第二反應物交替地且依序地脈衝供應至Pulsar® 2000反應器的反應空間中,其中反應物在約300℃的反應溫度下分別與各種樣本基板接觸。在各脈衝之間藉由沖洗反應空間而自反應空間移除反應物。用於包含NbF5
的第一前驅物的脈衝時間及沖洗時間分別為約0.5秒至約2.0秒(脈衝)及約6.0秒(沖洗)。用於包含H2
O的第二反應物的脈衝時間及沖洗時間分別為約0.5秒至約2.0秒(脈衝)及5.0秒至約6.0秒(沖洗)。
在分析樣本基板期間,在基板包括熱SiO2
表面的情形中,在用於包括至少高達200個循環或至少高達300至500個循環的沈積製程的基板的自然氧化物或矽表面上未觀察到膜生長。如圖2所示,在樣本基板的經物理氣相沈積(PVD)沈積的W表面上觀察到膜生長。在包括經PVD沈積的Co表面及經PVD沈積的Ru表面的樣本基板上亦觀察到膜生長。實例 2
利用本文中闡述的沈積製程在基板的金屬氧化物表面上相對於SiO2
表面選擇性地沈積NbOx
膜。
在反應室中進行如在本文中所述的沈積製程。使用NbF5
作為第一前驅物且使用H2
O作為第二反應物。將第一前驅物及第二反應物交替地且依序地脈衝供應至Pulsar® 2000反應器的反應空間中,其中反應物在約300℃的反應溫度下分別與各種樣本基板接觸。NbF5
反應物及H2
O反應物的源溫度分別為45℃及約21℃。在各脈衝之間藉由沖洗反應空間而自反應空間移除反應物。用於包含NbF5
的第一前驅物的脈衝時間及沖洗時間分別為約0.5秒至約2.0秒(脈衝)及約6.0秒(沖洗)。用於包含H2
O的第二反應物的脈衝時間及沖洗時間分別為約0.5秒至約2.0秒(脈衝)及5.0秒至約6.0秒(沖洗)。
在該些沈積條件下,觀察到Nb2
O5
膜將藉由包括500個沈積循環的沈積製程而沈積於基板的第一金屬氧化物表面上。基板包括SiO2
表面,所述SiO2
表面具有包括自然鎢氧化物表面層的鎢點,所述自然鎢氧化物表面層亦在本文中被稱為鎢/鎢氧化物區域。
由於沈積製程的選擇性,Nb2
O5
薄膜僅沈積於基板表面的包含鎢/鎢氧化物點的部分上。在藉由能量色散X射線光譜(energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,EDX)進行分析時,在SiO2
表面上未量測到膜沈積。圖3示出在鎢/鎢氧化物表面上的所得Nb2
O5
的掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)影像。在具有約80奈米的厚度的鎢/鎢氧化物點上觀察到為大的晶體狀的Nb2
O5
。自利用類似的沈積製程以類似的條件而在毯式PVD W試片(coupon)上沈積的膜估測膜的厚度。
10‧‧‧製程
11、12、13、14、15‧‧‧步驟
11、12、13、14、15‧‧‧步驟
藉由以下旨在說明而非限制本發明的說明及附圖,本申請案將得到更佳理解,在附圖中:
圖1是製程流程圖,其概括說明一種在基板的第一金屬表面上相對於所述同一基板的第二介電質表面選擇性地沈積材料的製程。
圖2是剖視掃描電子顯微圖,其示出在20奈米至30奈米厚的鎢層上沈積大約100奈米的NbOx
,所述20奈米至30奈米厚的鎢層藉由物理氣相沈積(physical vapor deposition,PVD)製程沈積於大約20奈米厚的Ti層上。
圖3是已相對於基板的SiO2
表面選擇性地沈積於所述同一基板的鎢/氧化鎢表面上的Nb2
O5
膜的掃描電子顯微圖。
10‧‧‧製程
11、12、13、14、15‧‧‧步驟
Claims (20)
- 一種選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其在基板的第一金屬或金屬性表面上相對於所述基板的第二表面介電質表面選擇性地沈積所述材料,所述選擇性地沈積材料的方法包括一或多個包括以下的沈積循環: 在等於或高於約225℃的溫度下使所述基板與包含金屬鹵化物的第一氣相前驅物接觸; 使所述基板與第二氣相前驅物接觸;以及 視需要重複接觸步驟,直至在所述第一金屬或金屬性表面上沈積所需厚度的材料, 其中所述材料以高於約50%的選擇性而相對於所述第二介電質表面沈積於所述第一金屬或金屬性表面上。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述金屬鹵化物選自Nb、Ta、Mo、W、V、Cr的氟化物或氯化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述第一前驅物選自NbCl5 、NbF5 、TaCl5 、TaF5 、MoFx 、MoClx 、VFx 、VClx 、及CrFx 。
- 如申請專利範圍第3項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述第一前驅物選自NbCl5 、NbF5 、TaCl5 及TaF5 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述第二介電質表面包含Si-O鍵。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述第二介電質表面包括非傳導性表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述金屬鹵化物不包括鎢。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述材料包括金屬、金屬氧化物、金屬矽化物、金屬碳化物或金屬氮化物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,更包括在等於或高於約300℃的溫度下使所述基板與包含所述金屬鹵化物的所述第一氣相前驅物接觸。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述第二前驅物包含矽烷。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述矽烷選自二矽烷、三矽烷及烷基矽烷。
- 如申請專利範圍第11項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述矽烷是二乙基矽烷。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述第二前驅物包含O-H鍵或向表面提供OH基。
- 如申請專利範圍第13項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述第二前驅物包含水或H2 O2 。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,更包括藉由將所沈積的所述材料暴露至包含氧的反應物而將所沈積的所述材料轉換成包含氧的材料。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中在100個所述沈積循環之後在所述基板的所述第二介電質表面上不存在所述材料的可量測的沈積。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的選擇性地沈積材料的方法,其中所述材料以高於約95%的選擇性而相對於所述第二介電質表面沈積於所述第一金屬或金屬性表面上。
- 一種選擇性地沈積金屬氧化物膜的方法,其在基板的第一金屬氧化物表面或介電質表面上相對於所述基板的第二SiO2 表面選擇性地沈積所述金屬氧化物膜,所述選擇性地沈積金屬氧化物膜的方法包括一或多個沈積循環,所述沈積循環包括使所述基板交替地且依序地與包含金屬鹵化物的氣相的第一反應物及包含水的氣相的第二反應物接觸, 其中所述基板在高於約225℃的溫度下與所述第一反應物接觸; 其中所述金屬氧化物膜以高於約50%的選擇性而相對於所述第二SiO2 表面沈積於所述第一金屬氧化物表面或所述介電質表面上。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項所述的選擇性地沈積金屬氧化物膜的方法,其中所述第一金屬氧化物表面包含氧化鎢、氧化鉿、氧化鈦、氧化鋁或氧化鋯。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項所述的選擇性地沈積金屬氧化物膜的方法,其中所沈積的所述金屬氧化物膜包括NbOx 膜。
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US11174550B2 (en) | 2021-11-16 |
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KR20240060770A (ko) | 2024-05-08 |
KR20230051455A (ko) | 2023-04-18 |
TWI721896B (zh) | 2021-03-11 |
US20220025513A1 (en) | 2022-01-27 |
TW202035768A (zh) | 2020-10-01 |
TWI698544B (zh) | 2020-07-11 |
KR20170016310A (ko) | 2017-02-13 |
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