TWI838513B - 金屬氧化物在金屬表面上之選擇性沉積 - Google Patents
金屬氧化物在金屬表面上之選擇性沉積 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI838513B TWI838513B TW109111985A TW109111985A TWI838513B TW I838513 B TWI838513 B TW I838513B TW 109111985 A TW109111985 A TW 109111985A TW 109111985 A TW109111985 A TW 109111985A TW I838513 B TWI838513 B TW I838513B
- Authority
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- metal
- substrate
- aluminum
- selectively depositing
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title abstract description 42
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 82
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- HJYACKPVJCHPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(propan-2-yloxy)alumane Chemical compound C[Al+]C.CC(C)[O-] HJYACKPVJCHPFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- KAHVZNKZQFSBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-trimethylsilylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[Si](C)(C)C KAHVZNKZQFSBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PYJJCSYBSYXGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(octadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl PYJJCSYBSYXGQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylaluminium Chemical compound CC[Al](CC)CC VOITXYVAKOUIBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002094 self assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013545 self-assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-trimethylsilylimidazole Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1 YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000350481 Pterogyne nitens Species 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HYWCXWRMUZYRPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(prop-2-enyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CC=C HYWCXWRMUZYRPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylalumane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Al](C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C RTAKQLTYPVIOBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DMBKIFBGDPVPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Es+3].[O-2].[O-2].[Es+3] Chemical compound [O-2].[Es+3].[O-2].[O-2].[Es+3] DMBKIFBGDPVPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LMOVEQWPTWEOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C=CC=C1)C(OC[Zr+3])C1(C=CC=C1)C Chemical compound CC1(C=CC=C1)C(OC[Zr+3])C1(C=CC=C1)C LMOVEQWPTWEOGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002451 CoOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910015711 MoOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005855 NiOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGGHSANJNRYSQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS([SiH3])(=O)=O Chemical compound OS([SiH3])(=O)=O IGGHSANJNRYSQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019897 RuOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U+6] WZECUPJJEIXUKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWXZYMZLCZTNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH3]N=C=N Chemical compound [SiH3]N=C=N KWXZYMZLCZTNQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LNENVNGQOUBOIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azidosilane Chemical compound [SiH3]N=[N+]=[N-] LNENVNGQOUBOIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052795 boron group element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002188 cycloheptatrienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BUZRAOJSFRKWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanatosilane Chemical compound [SiH3]N=C=O BUZRAOJSFRKWPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDQDMOPZMLEJKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiocyanatosilane Chemical compound [SiH3]N=C=S WDQDMOPZMLEJKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- BTQLZQAVGBUMOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-silylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[SiH3] BTQLZQAVGBUMOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002831 nitrogen free-radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DNAJDTIOMGISDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylsilane Chemical group [SiH3]CC=C DNAJDTIOMGISDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LUFKBSXCXLLPJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl cyanate Chemical compound [SiH3]OC#N LUFKBSXCXLLPJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000439 uranium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02172—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing at least one metal element, e.g. metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal oxynitrides or metal carbides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02296—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer
- H01L21/02299—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer pre-treatment
- H01L21/02304—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the treatment performed before or after the formation of the layer pre-treatment formation of intermediate layers, e.g. buffer layers, layers to improve adhesion, lattice match or diffusion barriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C16/0272—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/04—Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/40—Oxides
- C23C16/403—Oxides of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
提供用於相對於氧化物表面在金屬或含金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物膜之方法。基材之氧化物表面可諸如藉由使基材暴露至矽烷化劑而相對於金屬或含金屬表面選擇性鈍化。相對於經鈍化之氧化物表面,在金屬或含金屬表面上從蒸氣相反應物選擇性沉積金屬氧化物。
Description
本申請案主張對2019年4月12日申請之美國臨時專利申請案第62/833,256號之優先權,其以引用方式併入本文中。
本揭露大致上為關於金屬氧化物在相對於基材之第二介電質表面之基材的第一金屬或含金屬表面上之選擇性沉積。
半導體製造中逐漸減小之裝置尺寸需要新的創新處理方法。習知地,半導體處理中之圖案化涉及減去性製程,其中毯覆層經沉積、藉由光微影技術遮罩、且透過遮罩中之開口進行蝕刻。亦已知添加性圖案化,其中在沉積受關注材料之前進行遮罩步驟,諸如使用剝離技術或鑲嵌處理之圖案化。在大多數情況下,針對圖案化應用昂貴的多步驟微影技術。
圖案化可藉由選擇性沉積來簡化,其已於半導體製造商中受到逐漸增加的關注。選擇性沉積將高度有利於各種方面。值得注意地,其可允許減少微影步驟,降低處理成本。選擇性沉積亦可實現狹窄結構中的增強縮放。
在一些態樣中,提供相對於一介電質表面(諸如,一氧化物表面)在一基材之一金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物之方法。在一些實施例中,所述介電質表面為相對於所述金屬表面經選擇性鈍化,且所述金屬氧化物為相對於所述經鈍化免於氣相反應物之介電質表面選擇性沉積在所述金屬表面上。在一些實施例中,所述金屬表面包含Al、Cu、Co、Ni、W、Nb、Fe、或Mo。在一些實施例中,所述介電質表面包含一介電質過渡金屬氧化物。在一些實施例中,所述介電質表面包含氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氧化鉿、氧化鈦、氧化鉭、氧化釔、或氧化鑭。
在一些實施例中,選擇性鈍化所述介電質表面(諸如,一氧化物表面)包含使所述介電質表面暴露至一矽烷化劑。在一些實施例中,所述矽烷化劑為烷胺基矽烷。在一些實施例中,所述矽烷化劑為矽烷。在一些實施例中,所述矽烷化劑包含烯丙基三甲基矽烷(TMS-A)、氯三甲基矽烷(TMS-Cl)、N-(三甲基矽基)咪唑(TMS-Im)、十八烷基三氯矽烷(ODTCS)、六甲基二矽氮烷(HMDS)、或N-(三甲基矽基)二甲胺(TMSDMA)。
在一些實施例中,所述介電質表面包含氧化鋁。所述氧化鋁可使用包含三甲基鋁(TMA)、二甲基氯化鋁、三氯化鋁(AlCl3
)、二甲基異丙氧化鋁(DMAI)、三(第三丁基)鋁(TTBA)、三異丙氧化鋁(TIPA)、或三乙基鋁(TEA)之一鋁前驅物來沉積。在一些實施例中,所述氧化鋁為使用包含一烷基及一不同配位體(諸如,一鹵化物)之一混配鋁化合物來沉積。在一些實施例中,氧化鋁為藉由ALD使用一鋁前驅物及水來沉積。
在一些實施例中,一鈍化阻擋層為在選擇性鈍化所述介電質表面之前形成在所述金屬表面上。此一鈍化阻擋層可包含例如一自組裝單層(SAM)。
金屬氧化物可相對於第二介電質表面(諸如,氧化物表面)選擇性沉積在第一金屬(或含金屬)表面上。在一些實施例中,氧化物表面為相鄰於金屬表面。在本文所述之實施例中,氧化物表面可例如藉由矽烷化而相對於金屬表面選擇性鈍化。隨後,金屬氧化物層為相對於經鈍化之氧化物表面選擇性沉積在金屬表面上。金屬氧化物層可藉由氣相沉積製程(諸如,原子層沉積製程)來沉積。在一些實施例中,基材上之氧化物表面為以矽烷化劑來矽烷化,所述矽烷化劑諸如烯丙基三甲基矽烷(TMS-A)、氯三甲基矽烷(TMS-Cl)、N-(三甲基矽基)咪唑(TMS-Im)、十八烷基三氯矽烷(ODTCS)、六甲基二矽氮烷(HMDS)、或N-(三甲基矽基)二甲胺(TMSDMA),且金屬氧化物隨後為相對於經鈍化之氧化物表面選擇性沉積在基材之金屬表面上。在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物層可為氧化鋁層(諸如,Al2
O3
層)。例如,氧化鋁層可藉由ALD製程例如使用鋁前驅物(諸如三甲基鋁(TMA)、二甲基氯化鋁、三氯化鋁(AlCl3
)、二甲基異丙氧化鋁(DMAI)、三(第三丁基)鋁(TTBA)、三異丙氧化鋁(TIPA)、或三乙基鋁(TEA))及水作為反應物來選擇性沉積。
在一些實施例中,基材之金屬或含金屬表面包含元素金屬或金屬合金,而基材之第二不同表面包含介電質材料(諸如,氧化物)。實例包括氧化矽基材料,包括經生長或沉積之二氧化矽、經摻雜及/或多孔之氧化物、矽上天然氧化物等。介電層的表面為諸如藉由選擇性矽烷化而相對於金屬或含金屬表面選擇性鈍化。隨後,金屬氧化物層為相對於經鈍化之介電質表面選擇性沉積在金屬或含金屬表面上。可沉積之金屬氧化物之實例包括介電質,諸如氧化鋯(例如,ZrO2
)、氧化鉿(例如,HfO2
)、氧化鋁(例如,Al2
O3
)、氮化鈦(例如,TiN)、及氧化鈦(例如,TiO2
)。在一些實施例中,在其上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物之金屬或含金屬表面為至少部分地相鄰於經選擇性鈍化之介電質表面。例如,金屬或含金屬表面之至少一部分可相鄰於氧化物表面。
在一些實施例中,於介電質表面(諸如,氧化物表面)上形成鈍化層之前,金屬或含金屬表面可具備鈍化阻擋層(諸如,自組裝單層(SAM))。鈍化阻擋層可有助於介電質表面之矽烷化的選擇性,並可在其後移除以允許相對於經矽烷化之介電質表面在金屬或含金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物。
可從介電質表面(諸如,從氧化物表面)移除鈍化層(矽烷化),之後在金屬或含金屬表面上方選擇性沉積金屬氧化物層。可選擇條件以避免損害基材上之周圍材料。
可用於本文所述之選擇性沉積製程之合適反應器的實例包括可商購的ALD設備。除了ALD反應器以外,可使用能夠生長有機鈍化層之許多其他種類的反應器,包括CVD反應器、VDP反應器、及MLD反應器。基材表面
根據本揭露之一些態樣,選擇性沉積可用以相對於氧化物表面或其他介電質表面優先地在金屬或含金屬表面上沉積受關注的膜(諸如,金屬氧化物膜)。在一些實施例中,兩表面在基材上為至少部分地彼此相鄰。相對於金屬或含金屬表面之氧化物表面之選擇性鈍化(諸如,氧化物表面之選擇性矽烷化)有助於後續相對於經矽烷化的氧化物表面在金屬或含金屬表面上選擇性沉積受關注的層(諸如,金屬氧化物層)。
例如,表面中之一者可為基材之導電金屬或含金屬表面,而另一表面可為基材之不導電氧化物表面。在一些實施例中,不導電表面包含-OH基團,諸如氧化矽基表面(例如,低k材料,包括經生長及沉積之氧化矽材料及矽上天然氧化物)。氧化物表面可藉由暴露至矽烷化劑而相對於金屬或含金屬表面選擇性鈍化,且金屬氧化物隨後可相對於經矽烷化之氧化物表面選擇性沉積在金屬或含金屬表面上。
兩基材表面之間的材料差異使得氣相沉積方法可相對於金屬或含金屬表面選擇性鈍化氧化物表面。在一些實施例中,使用循環氣相沉積,例如,循環CVD或原子層沉積(ALD)製程。在一些實施例中,可在金屬或含金屬表面上無鈍化/阻擋劑(以接收較少的鈍化層)的情況下及/或在氧化物層之表面上無催化劑以接收更多的鈍化層的情況下達成針對鈍化層之選擇性。例如,在第一表面為含金屬且第二表面為氧化物之實施例中,氧化物層可在未預處理氧化物表面或者金屬或含金屬表面的情況下相對於金屬或含金屬表面選擇性矽烷化。在其他實施例中,金屬或含金屬表面為首先處理以抑制表面的鈍化(諸如矽烷化)。例如,鈍化阻擋自組裝單層(SAM)可相對於氧化物表面首先形成在金屬或含金屬表面上方,有助於相對於經SAM覆蓋之含金屬表面在氧化物表面上選擇性沉積鈍化層。鈍化抑制劑可在選擇性鈍化之後且在沉積金屬氧化物之前移除。在鈍化層之選擇性沉積完成之後,可相對於經鈍化表面在未經鈍化之金屬或含金屬表面上實施受關注之材料(諸如,金屬氧化物)之選擇性沉積。
如本文中所使用,除非另有具體指明,若在本文中將表面稱為金屬表面,則其可為金屬表面或含金屬表面。在一些實施例中,金屬或含金屬表面可包含表面氧化。在一些實施例中,金屬表面之材料在有或無表面氧化的情況下為導電的。在一些實施例中,金屬表面包含一或多個過渡金屬。在一些實施例中,金屬表面包含Al、Cu、Co、Ni、W、Nb、Fe、或Mo中之一或多者。在一些實施例中,金屬表面包含Cu。在一些實施例中,金屬表面為銅表面。在一些實施例中,含金屬表面包含氮化鈦。在一些實施例中,金屬表面包含一或多個貴金屬(諸如Ru)。在一些實施例中,金屬表面包含金屬氧化物,(諸如,導電金屬氧化物、金屬氮化物、碳化物、硼化物、或其組合)。例如,金屬或含金屬表面可包含RuOx
、NbCx
、NbBx
、NiOx
、CoOx
、NbOx
、MoOx
、WOx
、WNCx
、TaN、或TiN中之一或多者。
在一些實施例中,金屬或含金屬表面為可接受或配合如本文所述之用於受關注層(諸如,金屬氧化物)之選擇性沉積製程中之前驅物的表面。
如上文所提及,在一些實施例中,金屬或含金屬表面可在其上方包含鈍化阻擋層。也就是說,在一些實施例中,金屬或含金屬表面可包含在金屬或含金屬表面上抑制鈍化層形成的材料(例如,自組裝單層(SAM))。在一些實施例中,沉積製程包括在金屬或含金屬表面上但未在欲鈍化之表面上形成鈍化阻擋層。基材表面之鈍化
在一些實施例中,氧化物(或其他介電質)表面可經鈍化。在一些實施例中,鈍化相對於另一表面(諸如,相同基材上之金屬或含金屬表面)對氧化物表面具選擇性。在一些實施例中,氧化物表面為藉由暴露至蒸氣相矽烷化劑一或多次而矽烷化。例如,在鈍化步驟中,矽烷化劑可導入至反應空間中並與氧化物表面接觸。矽烷化劑可為例如氯矽烷、烷氧基矽烷、矽烷基鹵化物、矽烷基氰酸鹽、矽烷基疊氮化物、矽烷基異氰酸鹽、矽烷基異硫氰酸鹽、矽烷基磺酸鹽、矽烷基乙醯胺、矽烷基碳二亞胺、烯丙基矽烷、或承氮矽烷(諸如,矽氮烷、咪唑、或胺)。在一些實施例中,矽烷化劑為烯丙基三甲基矽烷(TMS-A)、氯三甲基矽烷(TMS-Cl)、N-(三甲基矽基)咪唑(TMS-Im)、十八烷基三氯矽烷(ODTCS)、六甲基二矽氮烷(HMDS)、或N-(三甲基矽基)二甲胺(TMSDMA),且矽烷化包含使基材暴露至矽烷化劑之一或多個脈衝。在一些實施例中,金屬或含金屬表面及氧化物表面兩者均與矽烷化劑接觸,所述矽烷化劑諸如烯丙基三甲基矽烷(TMS-A)、氯三甲基矽烷(TMS-Cl)、N-(三甲基矽基)咪唑(TMS-Im)、十八烷基三氯矽烷(ODTCS)、六甲基二矽氮烷(HMDS)、或N-(三甲基矽基)二甲胺(TMSDMA)。在一些實施例中,基材之氧化物表面為相對於基材之金屬或含金屬表面選擇性矽烷化。
在一些實施例中,矽烷化劑為烷胺基矽烷。例如,基材之氧化物表面可與具有式(RI
)3
Si(NRII
RIII
)之烷胺基矽烷接觸,其中RI
為直鏈或支鏈C1至C5烷基或直鏈或支鏈C1至C4烷基,RII
為直鏈或支鏈C1至C5烷基、直鏈或支鏈C1至C4烷基、或氫,且RIII
為直鏈或支鏈C1至C5烷基或直鏈或支鏈C1至C4烷基。
在一些實施例中,矽烷化劑為矽烷。例如,氧化物表面可與具有通式(RI
)3
SiA之矽烷接觸,其中RI
為直鏈或支鏈C1至C5烷基或直鏈或支鏈C1至C4烷基,且A為與含矽表面具反應性之任何配位體。
矽烷化劑可提供至在單一脈衝或在多個脈衝序列中固持基材之反應室。在一些實施例中,矽烷化劑為以單一長脈衝或以多個較短脈衝提供。脈衝可循序地提供。在一些實施例中,矽烷化劑為以從約0.1秒至約60秒之1個至25個脈衝提供。在脈衝之間,矽烷化劑可從反應空間移除。例如,反應室可排空及/或以惰性氣體沖洗。沖洗可為例如持續約1秒至30秒或更長。
在一些實施例中,矽烷化製程之溫度可為例如從約50 °C至500 °C或約100 °C至約300 °C。矽烷化製程期間的壓力可為例如從約10-5
Torr至約760 Torr,或在一些實施例中,從約1 Torr至10 Torr或約0.1 Torr至約10 Torr。
在一些實施例中,矽烷化製程可原位實行,也就是說,在與後續相對於經矽烷化表面在未經矽烷化表面上之沉積(例如,金屬氧化物(諸如氧化鋁)之選擇性沉積)製程相同的反應室中實行。然而,在一些實施例中,矽烷化可在分開的反應室中實行。在一些實施例中,在其中實行矽烷化之反應室為包括一或多個額外反應室之群集工具的部件。例如,此一群集工具可包括用於沉積金屬氧化物及/或用於蝕刻一或多個層之額外反應室。在一些實施例中,群集工具包括分開模組以用於預處理、氧化物表面之矽烷化、金屬氧化物之選擇性沉積、及後續的後沉積處理(諸如,蝕刻或電漿後沉積清潔)。在一些實施例中,相同模組可用於二或更多個製程。
在一些實施例中,基材可在鈍化及/或選擇性沉積製程之前或在其等開始之時經預處理或清潔。在一些實施例中,可在選擇性鈍化及/或選擇性沉積製程之前或在其等開始之時使基材遭受電漿清潔製程。在一些實施例中,電漿清潔製程可不包括離子轟擊,或可包括相對少量之離子轟擊。在一些實施例中,可在鈍化製程及/或選擇性金屬氧化物沉積製程之前或在其開始之時使基材表面暴露至電漿、自由基、受激發物種、及/或原子物種。在一些實施例中,可在選擇性鈍化製程及/或選擇性金屬氧化沉積製程之前或在其開始時使基材表面暴露至氫電漿、自由基、或原子物種。相對於經鈍化氧化物表面在金屬或含金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物
金屬氧化物可相對於基材之經鈍化氧化物表面選擇性沉積在基材之金屬或含金屬表面上。在一些實施例中,於氧化物表面上選擇性形成鈍化層之後,金屬氧化物為藉由使基材交替且循序地與包含金屬氧化物之金屬的第一反應物及包含氧之第二反應物接觸而選擇性沉積在第二表面上。在一些實施例中,第二反應物為水。在一些實施例中,基材為循序地與第一及第二反應物接觸,使得金屬氧化物為選擇性沉積在金屬或含金屬表面上或上方(請參見例如,圖1A至圖1D)。
在一些實施例中,金屬反應物為疏水性反應物,其包含一或多個疏水性配位體。在一些實施例中,疏水性反應物包含二至四個疏水性配位體。在疏水性反應物包含具有n
價態/氧化態之金屬的情況下,在一些實施例中,疏水性前驅物包含n
-1或n
-2個疏水性配位體。
在一些實施例中,至少一疏水性配位體僅包含C及H。在一些實施例中,至少一疏水性配位體包含C、H、及Si、或Ge,但無額外元素。
在一些實施例中,烴配位體包含下列之一或多者:
˙C1至C10烴(單、雙、或參鍵結)
○烷基
■C1至C5烷基
˙Me、Et、Pr、i
Pr、Bu、t
Bu
○烯基
■C1至C6烯基
○環烴
■C3至C8
˙環戊二烯基
˙環庚二烯基
˙環庚三烯基
˙環己基
˙彼等之衍生物
○芳香族
■C6芳香環及彼等之衍生物
在一些實施例中,疏水性金屬反應物不包含親水性配位體。然而,在一些實施例中,疏水性金屬反應物可包含一或兩個親水性配位體。在一些實施例中,親水性配位體包含氮、氧、及/或鹵素基團。
在一些實施例中,親水性配位體為烷基胺(-NR2
,其中各R可為烷基、氫)。在一些實施例中,親水性配位體可為-NMe2
、-NEtMe、或-NEt2
。
在一些實施例中,親水性配位體為烷氧化物(例如,-OMe、-OEt、-Oi
Pr、-Ot
Bu)。
在一些實施例中,親水性配位體包含鹵化物(諸如,氯化物、氟化物、或其他鹵化物)。
在一些實施例中,疏水性前驅物包含下式:
Ln
MXy
,其中
■在一些實施例中,n為從1至6;
˙在一些實施例中,n為從1至4或3至4。
■在一些實施例中,y為從0至2;
˙在一些實施例中,y為從0至1。
■L為疏水性配位體;
˙在一些實施例中,L為Cp或C1至C4烷基配位體。
■X為親水性配位體;
˙在一些實施例中,X為烷基胺、烷氧化物、或鹵化物配位體。
■M為金屬(包括第13族元素、B、及Ga);
˙在一些實施例中,M具有+I上至+VI之氧化態。
○在一些實施例中,M具有+IV至+V之氧化態。
˙在一些實施例中,M可為過渡金屬。
○在一些實施例中,M為Ti、Ta、Nb、W、Mo、Hf、Zr、V、或Cr。
■在一些實施例中,M為Hf、Zr、Ta、或Nb。
˙在一些實施例中,M為Zr。
○在一些實施例中,M為Co、Fe、Ni、Cu、或Zn。
○在一些實施例中,金屬非W或Mo。
˙在一些實施例中,M可為稀土金屬。
○在一些實施例中,M為La、Ce、或Y。
˙在一些實施例中,M可為來自第2族至第13族之金屬。
○在一些實施例中,M為Ba、Sr、Mg、Ca、或Sc。
˙在一些實施例中,M非貴金屬。
更通常地,在一些實施例中,選擇性ALD製程使用金屬前驅物。在一些實施例中,金屬前驅物之金屬可選自包含下列之群組:Al、Ti、Ta、Nb、W、Mo、Hf、Zr、V、Cr、Co、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、La、Ce、Y、Ba、Sr、Mg、Ca、或Sc、或其混合物。在一些實施例中,金屬可為Al。
在一些實施例中,氧化鋁為選擇性沉積,且選擇性ALD製程使用Al前驅物。Al前驅物之實例包括三甲基鋁(TMA)、二甲基氯化鋁、三氯化鋁(AlCl3
)、二甲基異丙氧化鋁(DMAI)、三(第三丁基)鋁(TTBA)、三異丙氧化鋁(TIPA)、或三乙基鋁(TEA)。在一些實施例中,鋁前驅物為混配鋁化合物。在一些實施例中,混配鋁化合物包含烷基及另一配位體(諸如,鹵化物,例如Cl)。在一些實施例中,鋁化合物為二甲基氯化鋁。在一些實施例中,鋁前驅物為包含兩個不同烷基作為配位體之烷基前驅物。在一些實施例中,鋁前驅物為金屬有機化合物。在一些實施例中,鋁前驅物為有機金屬化合物。
在一些實施例中,氧化鋯為使用雙(甲基環戊二烯基)甲氧基甲基鋯(IV) ((CpMe)2
-Zr-(OMe)Me)來選擇性沉積。
在一些實施例中,氧化鉿為使用雙(甲基環戊二烯基)甲氧基甲基鉿(IV) ((CpMe)2
-Hf-(OMe)Me)來沉積。
在一些實施例中,第二反應物貢獻一或多個元素至經選擇性沉積之材料。例如,第二反應物可為用以沉積金屬氧化物之氧前驅物。
在一些實施例中,第二反應物包含氧前驅物。在一些實施例中,第二反應物包含H2
O、O3
、H2
O2 、
氧電漿、離子、自由基、原子O、或氧之受激發物種。
在一些實施例中,可利用貢獻除O以外之元素至沉積材料的其他反應物。除了第二氧反應物以外,可使用這些反應物,或這些反應物本身可充當第二反應物並貢獻氧及其他元素至沉積膜。例如,在一些實施例中,氮反應物可用以貢獻氮,硫反應物可用以貢獻硫、碳反應物可用以貢獻碳,或矽反應物可用以貢獻矽。
在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物薄膜(諸如,氧化鋁(例如,Al2
O3
))為相對於一或多個氧化物表面選擇性沉積在一或多個金屬或含金屬表面(諸如,銅、鈷、氮化鈦、或鎢表面)上。在一第一步驟中,包含金屬表面及氧化物表面之基材為經處理以藉由矽烷化在氧化物表面上形成鈍化層,如上文所述。例如,在一些實施例中,(多個)基材表面可暴露至矽烷化劑(諸如,烯丙基三甲基矽烷(TMS-A)、氯三甲基矽烷(TMS-Cl)、N-(三甲基矽基)咪唑(TMS-Im)、十八烷基三氯矽烷(ODTCS)、六甲基二矽氮烷(HMDS)、或N-(三甲基矽基)二甲胺(TMSDMA)),所述矽烷化劑選擇性矽烷化(多個)氧化物表面。在氧化物表面上形成鈍化層之後,藉由氣相沉積製程來相對於經鈍化之氧化物表面在金屬或含金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物。選擇性沉積可如本文所述。例如,在一些實施例中,藉由交替且循序地使基材與鋁反應物及氧前驅物接觸來選擇性沉積氧化鋁。鋁反應物可包含例如三甲基鋁(TMA)、二甲基氯化鋁、三氯化鋁(AlCl3
)、二甲基異丙氧化鋁(DMAI)、三(第三丁基)鋁(TTBA)、三異丙氧化鋁(TIPA)、或三乙基鋁(TEA)。氧反應物可包含例如水。在一些實施例中,氧化鋁可藉由原子層沉積製程來沉積,其中基材為交替且循序地與鋁反應物及水接觸。在一些實施例中,氧化鋁沉積期間之反應室中的溫度為從約150 ℃至約350 ℃。在一些實施例中,用於反應物之脈衝時間可為從約0.1秒至約10秒,且在反應物脈衝之間的沖洗時間亦可為從約0.1秒至約10秒。在一些實施例中,反應室壓力可為例如從約10-5
Torr至約760 Torr,或在一些實施例中從約1 Torr至10 Torr。
在金屬氧化物之選擇性沉積之後,基材可遭受後沉積清潔步驟以從氧化物表面移除鈍化層,如上文所提及。在一些實施例中,清潔步驟可包含H2
電漿處理。在一些實施例中,清潔步驟為在約室溫至約400 ℃之溫度下實行。在一些實施例中,約25 W至250 W之電漿功率可用以在例如以約10 sccm至500 sccm之流量率的流動H2
中生成電漿。在一些實施例中,在金屬氧化物層的沉積後之清潔時間可為例如從約0.1秒至600秒或更多。
在一些實施例中,薄金屬氧化物膜(諸如,氧化鋁(例如,Al2
O3
))為相對於一或多個經鈍化之氧化物表面選擇性沉積在三維結構之金屬或含金屬表面上。三維結構可包含例如貫孔或溝槽。在一些實施例中,氧化物表面可在沉積金屬氧化物膜之前經選擇性鈍化。氣相沉積為接著實行以在未經鈍化之金屬表面上沉積金屬氧化物。鈍化阻擋層
鈍化阻擋層可有助於相對於鈍化阻擋層在介電質材料上選擇性形成鈍化層。如上文所述,自組裝單層(SAM)可作用以抑制金屬或含金屬表面之矽烷化,從而有助於介電質表面之選擇性鈍化。用語「阻擋(blocking)」因而僅為標籤,且無需意指有機鈍化層沉積之100%去活化。如本文中於別處所述,即使不完全之選擇性可足以在回蝕製程之後獲得完全選擇性之結構。選擇性
選擇性鈍化及/或選擇性沉積可為完全選擇性或部分選擇性。部分選擇性製程之後可為後沉積蝕刻,其從一表面上方移除全部的沉積材料而不從第二表面上方移除全部的沉積材料,得出完全選擇性層。因此,在一些實施例中,為了得到所欲益處,選擇性沉積不須為完全選擇性。
相對於第二表面(稱為表面B)在第一表面(此處稱為表面A)上之沉積(或鈍化)的選擇性可給定為藉由[(表面A上之沉積)-(表面B上之沉積)]/(表面A上之沉積)計算出的百分率。沉積可以各種方式之任一者進行測量。例如,沉積可給定為沉積材料之測量厚度,或可給定為沉積材料之測量量。在本文所述之實施例中,氧化物表面(A)可相對於金屬或含金屬表面(B)選擇性鈍化。對鈍化而言,若鈍化為由基材表面之處理而非層之沉積所導致,則鈍化的量可為基材表面上已與鈍化劑起反應之可用的反應性位點之測量值。隨後,金屬氧化物層可相對於氧化物表面(A)上方之鈍化層選擇性沉積在金屬或含金屬表面(B)上。
在一些實施例中,用於(相對於金屬或含金屬表面)在氧化物表面上選擇性形成鈍化層之選擇性為大於約10%、大於約50%、大於約75%、大於約85%、大於約90%、大於約93%、大於約95%、大於約98%、大於約99%、或甚至大於約99.5%。
在一些實施例中,(相對於經鈍化之氧化物表面)在金屬或含金屬表面上沉積金屬氧化物之選擇性為大於約10%、大於約50%、大於約75%、大於約85%、大於約90%、大於約93%、大於約95%、大於約98%、大於約99%、或甚至大於約99.5%。
在一些實施例中,沉積僅發生在一表面上而未發生在另一表面上。
在一些實施例中,相對於基材之金屬或含金屬表面之藉由矽烷化來鈍化氧化物表面的選擇性為至少約80%。在一些實施例中,鈍化製程的選擇性為至少約50%。在一些實施例中,鈍化製程的選擇性為至少約10%。熟習本項技藝者將瞭解,部分選擇性製程可藉由從金屬或含金屬表面移除任何矽烷化的後沉積蝕刻來得出氧化物表面的完全選擇性鈍化。
在一些實施例中,相對於基材之經矽烷化之氧化物表面在基材之金屬或含金屬表面上沉積金屬氧化物的選擇性為至少約80%。在一些實施例中,相對於基材之經矽烷化之氧化物表面在基材之金屬或含金屬表面上沉積金屬氧化物的選擇性為至少約50%。在一些實施例中,相對於基材之經矽烷化之氧化物表面在基材之金屬或含金屬表面上沉積金屬氧化物的選擇性為至少約10%。熟習此項技藝者將瞭解,後沉積蝕刻(或其他處理)可接續在部分選擇性製程之後,其從經矽烷化之氧化物表面上方本質上移除全部的沉積材料。此外,後沉積處理亦可協助調適選擇性沉積層的位置及/或輪廓。金屬氧化物在金屬或含金屬表面上之選擇性沉積
圖1A至圖1D示意地繪示一實施例,其用於相對於第二金屬或含金屬表面選擇性鈍化第一氧化物表面,隨後相對於經鈍化之第一氧化物表面在第二金屬或含金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物。
圖1A繪示具有材料上不同之暴露表面的基材。例如,第一表面可包含諸如鈷(Co)、銅(Cu)、鎢(W)、或鉬(Mo)之金屬或由所述金屬界定。第二表面可包含氧化物或由所述氧化物界定,所述氧化物諸如氧化矽基層或具有形成於上方之原生氧化物的矽表面。
圖1B顯示選擇性鈍化氧化物表面(諸如藉由矽烷化)之後的圖1A之基材。例如,鈍化層可藉由使基材暴露至矽烷化劑而選擇性形成在氧化物表面上,所述矽烷化劑諸如烯丙基三甲基矽烷(TMS-A)、氯三甲基矽烷(TMS-Cl)、N-(三甲基矽基)咪唑(TMS-Im)、十八烷基三氯矽烷(ODTCS)、六甲基二矽氮烷(HMDS)、或N-(三甲基矽基)二甲胺(TMSDMA)。
圖1C顯示相對於氧化物表面上之鈍化層在金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物之後的圖1B之基材。金屬氧化物可為例如金屬氧化物(諸如,氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氧化鉿、氧化鈦、氧化鉭、氧化釔、氧化鑭)、或其他過渡金屬氧化物、或其混合物。在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物為氧化鋁。在一些實施例中,金屬氧化物為藉由氣相沉積製程(諸如,原子層沉積製程)來選擇性沉積。在用於選擇性沉積金屬氧化物之一些ALD製程中,基材為交替且循序地與金屬反應物及氧反應物接觸。例如,氧化鋁可藉由ALD製程相對於經鈍化表面選擇性沉積在金屬或含金屬表面上,所述ALD製程包含交替且循序地使基材與鋁反應物(諸如,三甲基鋁(TMA)、二甲基氯化鋁、三氯化鋁(AlCl3
)、二甲基異丙氧化鋁(DMAI)、三(第三丁基)鋁(TTBA)、三異丙氧化鋁(TIPA)、或三乙基鋁(TEA))及氧反應物(諸如,水)接觸。
如上文所述,任何經沉積在鈍化層上之金屬氧化物可藉由後沉積處理(諸如,回蝕製程)來移除。由於金屬氧化物為選擇性沉積在金屬表面上,鈍化表面上遺留的任何金屬氧化物將比金屬表面上形成之金屬氧化物薄。因此,後沉積處理可經控制以在不從金屬表面上方移除全部的金屬氧化物之情況下,在包含鈍化層的表面上方移除全部的金屬氧化物。以此方式重複選擇性沉積及回蝕可導致金屬表面上之金屬氧化物的厚度隨沉積及蝕刻之各循環增加。以此方式重複選擇性沉積及回蝕亦可導致金屬或含金屬表面上之金屬氧化物的總體選擇性增加,因為沉積及蝕刻之各循環遺留了選擇性金屬氧化物沉積在其上方未充分成核之清潔鈍化層。在其他實施例中,金屬氧化物材料可在後續的鈍化層移除期間移除。例如,直接蝕刻或剝離方法之任一者可用以在循環選擇性沉積及移除中從鈍化層表面移除金屬氧化物。
圖1D顯示後沉積處理以從氧化物表面移除鈍化層(諸如,藉由蝕刻製程)之後的圖1C之基材。在一些實施例中,蝕刻製程可包含使基材暴露至電漿。在一些實施例中,電漿可包含氧原子、氧自由基、氧電漿、或其組合。在一些實施例中,電漿可包含氫原子、氫自由基、氫電漿、或其組合。在一些實施例中,電漿可包含稀有氣體物種(例如,Ar或He物種)。在一些實施例中,電漿基本上可由稀有氣體物種組成。在一些情況下,電漿可包含其他物種,例如氮原子、氮自由基、氮電漿或其組合。在一些實施例中,蝕刻製程可包含使基材暴露至包含氧(例如,O3
)之蝕刻劑。在一些實施例中,基材可在介於約30 ℃與約500 ℃之間或介於約100 ℃與約400 ℃之間的溫度下暴露至蝕刻劑。在一些實施例中,蝕刻劑可以一個連續脈衝供應或可以多個脈衝供應。如上文所述,在循環選擇性沉積及移除中,鈍化層移除可用以在完整移除鈍化層或在部分移除鈍化層之任一者中,從氧化物層上方剝離任何剩餘金屬氧化物。
可在前述製程之前、之後、或之間實施額外處理(諸如,熱或化學處理)。例如,處理可改質表面或移除在製程之不同階段經暴露之金屬、氧化矽、鈍化及金屬氧化物表面的部分。在一些實施例中,可在製程之前或在其開始之時預處理或清潔基材。在一些實施例中,基材可遭受電漿清潔製程,如上文所提及者。
雖然已討論某些實施例及實例,所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者將了解,本申請專利範圍之範疇延伸超出具體揭示之實施例至其他替代實施例及/或用途及明顯修改與其等同物。
無。
圖1A為根據一第一實施例之具有第一金屬表面及第二相鄰氧化物表面之基材的一部分的示意截面。
圖1B為圖1A之基材在氧化物表面之選擇性鈍化後的示意截面。
圖1C為圖1B之基材在金屬氧化物選擇性沉積於金屬表面上後的示意截面。
圖1D為圖1C之基材從氧化物表面移除鈍化材料後的示意截面。
Claims (21)
- 一種相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,依序包含:相對於所述金屬表面選擇性鈍化所述氧化物表面以形成一鈍化層於所述氧化物表面上;相對於經鈍化的所述氧化物表面在所述金屬表面上從蒸氣相反應物選擇性沉積所述金屬氧化物;以及在沉積所述金屬氧化物之後,移除該鈍化層,其中選擇性鈍化所述氧化物表面包含使所述氧化物表面暴露至矽烷化劑。
- 如請求項1所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述金屬表面包含Al、Cu、Co、Ni、W、Nb、Fe及Mo中的一或多者。
- 如請求項1所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述矽烷化劑包含烯丙基三甲基矽烷(TMS-A)、氯三甲基矽烷(TMS-Cl)、N-(三甲基矽基)咪唑(TMS-Im)、十八烷基三氯矽烷(ODTCS)、六甲基二矽氮烷(HMDS)、或N-(三甲基矽基)二甲胺(TMSDMA)。
- 如請求項1所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述矽烷化劑包含烷胺基矽烷。
- 如請求項3所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述烷胺基矽烷具有式(RI)3Si(NRIIRIII),其中RI為直鏈或支鏈C1至C5烷基,RII為直鏈或支鏈C1至C5烷基或氫,且RIII為直鏈或支鏈C1至C5烷基。
- 如請求項1所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述矽烷化劑包含矽烷。
- 如請求項6所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述矽烷具有通式(RI)3SiA,其中RI為直鏈或支鏈C1至C5烷基,且A為與含矽表面具反應性的任何配位體。
- 如請求項1所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述金屬氧化物包含介電質過渡金屬氧化物。
- 如請求項1所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述金屬氧化物包含氧化鋁、氧化鋯、氧化鉿、氧化鈦、氧化鉭、氧化釔、氧化鑭或其混合物。
- 如請求項9所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述金屬氧化物包含氧化鋁。
- 如請求項10所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述氧化鋁為使用包含三甲基鋁(TMA)、二甲基氯化鋁、三氯化鋁(AlCl3)、二甲基異丙氧化鋁(DMAI)、三(第三丁基)鋁(TTBA)、三異丙氧化鋁(TIPA)或三乙基鋁(TEA)的鋁前驅物來沉積。
- 如請求項11所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述氧化鋁為使用包含二甲基異丙氧化鋁(DMAI)的鋁前驅物來沉積。
- 如請求項10所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述氧化鋁為使用包含混配鋁化合物的鋁前驅物來沉積,所述混配鋁化合物包含烷基及不同配位體。
- 如請求項13所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述不同配位體為鹵化物。
- 如請求項10所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述氧化鋁為使用包含鋁烷基化合物的鋁前驅物來沉積,所述鋁烷基化合物包含兩個不同烷基作為配位體。
- 如請求項10所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述鋁化 合物為使用包含金屬有機鋁化合物或有機金屬鋁化合物的鋁前驅物來沉積。
- 如請求項10所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述鋁氧化物為藉由原子層沉積製程來沉積,所述原子層沉積製程包含交替且循序地使所述基材與第一反應物及第二反應物接觸,所述第一反應物包含三甲基鋁(TMA)、二甲基氯化鋁、三氯化鋁(AlCl3)、二甲基異丙氧化鋁(DMAI)、三(第三丁基)鋁(TTBA)、三異丙氧化鋁(TIPA)或三乙基鋁(TEA),所述第二反應物包含水。
- 如請求項1所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述金屬氧化物為藉由原子層沉積(ALD)製程來選擇性沉積。
- 如請求項18所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述原子層沉積製程包含使所述基材交替且循序地與第一金屬反應物及第二氧反應物接觸。
- 如請求項1所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,額外地包含在選擇性鈍化所述氧化物表面之前於所述金屬表面上形成鈍化阻擋層。
- 如請求項20所述的相對於基材的氧化物表面在所述基材的金屬表面上選擇性沉積金屬氧化物的方法,其中所述鈍化阻擋層包含自組裝單層(SAM)。
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