JP2014517844A - ヒト及び非ヒトcd3に結合可能なcd3結合分子 - Google Patents
ヒト及び非ヒトcd3に結合可能なcd3結合分子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】 図14A
Description
本出願は、米国特許出願第61/488,716号(2011年5月21日出願、出願中)及び第61/530,353号(2011年9月1日出願、出願中)に対する優先権を主張し、上記出願はそれぞれ参照により全体を本明細書に組み込むものとする。
本出願は、米国特許法施行規則1.821以下参照に従い、1つ又は複数の配列表を含み、これらは紙及びコンピュータ読み取り可能な媒体の両方で開示され、紙及びコンピュータ読み取り可能な開示は参照により全体を本明細書に組み込むものとする。
(I)CD3特異的VLドメインは、h−mab2 VL−1(配列ID番号:16)、h−mab2 VL−2(配列ID番号:18)、h−mab2 VL−3(配列ID番号:20)、h−mab2 VL−4(配列ID番号:22)、h−mab2 VL−5(配列ID番号:24)、h−mab2 VL−6(配列ID番号:26)、h−mab2 VL−7(配列ID番号:28)、h−mab2 VL−8(配列ID番号:30)、h−mab2 VL−9(配列ID番号:32)、及びh−mab2 VL−10(配列ID番号:34)からなる群から選択され、上記CD3特異的VHドメインは、h−mab2 VH−1(配列ID番号:36)、h−mab2 VH−2(配列ID番号:38)、h−mab2 VH−3(配列ID番号:40)、h−mab2 VH−4(配列ID番号:42)、h−mab2 VH−5(配列ID番号:44)、h−mab2 VH−6(配列ID番号:46)、h−mab2 VH−6L(配列ID番号:54)、h−mab2 VH−7(配列ID番号:48)、h−mab2 VH−8(配列ID番号:50)、h−mab2 VH−8L(配列ID番号:55)、h−mab2 VH−8 di−1(配列ID番号:56)、h−mab2 VH−8 di−2(配列ID番号:57)、h−mab2 VH−6M(配列ID番号:72)、h−mab2 VH−8M(配列ID番号:74)、h−mab2 VH−2k(配列ID番号:87)、及びh−mab2 VH−5k(配列ID番号:88)からなる群から選択されるか、又は、
(II)CD3特異的VLドメインは、h−mab 1 VL−1(配列ID番号:10)及びh−mab1 VL−2(配列ID番号:12)からなる群から選択され、CD3特異的VHドメインはh−mab1 VH(配列ID番号:14)である。
(A)エフェクター機能がない、又はエフェクター機能が低下した、又は
(B)抗体のFc領域がFc受容体に結合する能力が低減している
Fc領域を有する上記CD3結合分子の実施形態に関し、
エフェクター機能の低下及び結合能力の低減は、野生型Fc受容体のそれに関する。
(I).第1のポリペプチド鎖は、アミノ末端とカルボキシ末端とを含む、さらにN末端からC末端への間に、
(i)CD3特異的VLドメインを含むドメイン(A)と、
(ii)第2の免疫グロブリンの重鎖可変ドメイン(VH2)の結合領域を含むドメイン(B)と、
(iii)ドメイン(C)とを含み、
ドメイン(A)及び(B)はエピトープ結合部位を形成するために相互に会合せず、且つ、
(II)第2のポリペプチド鎖は、アミノ末端とカルボキシ末端とを含む、さらにN末端からC末端への間に、
(i)第2の免疫グロブリンの軽鎖可変ドメイン(VL2)の結合領域を含むドメイン(D)と、
(ii)CD3特異的VHドメインを含むドメイン(E)と、
(iii)ドメイン(F)とを含み、
ドメイン(D)及び(E)はエピトープ結合部位を形成するために相互に会合せず、
(1)ドメイン(A)及び(E)は、ヒトCD3と非ヒト哺乳類のCD3との両方に免疫特異的に結合可能である抗原結合ドメインを形成するために会合し、
(2)ドメイン(B)及び(D)は、第2のエピトープに免疫特異的に結合する結合部位を形成するために会合し、第2のエピトープは、ドメイン(A)及び(E)の会合から形成された抗原結合ドメインによって結合されたCD3エピトープとは異なり、
(3)ドメイン(C)及び(F)は相互に共有会合する。
本明細書で使用する「CD3結合分子」という用語は、分子の可変領域に位置する少なくとも1つの抗原認識部位(例えば抗体の抗原結合ドメイン)を通してヒトCD3と非ヒト哺乳類のCD3との両方に免疫特異的に結合可能な分子を指す。本明細書で使用する、ヒトCD3と非ヒト哺乳類のCD3との両方に免疫特異的に結合するこのような能力は、1つの抗原結合ドメインがこのようなCD3分子の両方に同時に結合する能力を指すものではなく、ヒトCD3の存在下でインキュベートされた場合に、ヒトCD3に免疫特異的に結合し、非ヒト哺乳類CD3の存在下でインキュベートされた場合に、このような非ヒト哺乳類のCD3に免疫特異的に結合するように、このような抗原結合ドメインが交差反応性を示すものである。
モノクローナル抗体を作成する方法が当技術分野で知られている。使用できる1つの方法は、Kohler, G.他(1975)の「Continuous Cultures Of Fused Cells Secreting Antibody Of Predefined Specificity」(Nature 256:495-497 )の方法、又はその変形である。通常、モノクローナル抗体はマウスなどの非ヒト種で発生する。一般的に、免疫化にはマウス又はラットが使用されるが、他の動物も使用することができる。抗体は、免疫原生量のヒトCD3を含有する細胞、細胞抽出物、又はタンパク質製剤でマウスを免疫化することによって産生される。免疫原は、1次細胞、培養した細胞系統、癌細胞、核酸、又は組織とすることができるが、これらに限定されない。
CD3に結合するポリペプチド及びモノクローナル抗体をスクリーニングするために、幾つかの方法を使用することができる。「結合」とは、生物学的又は免疫学的に適切な特異的結合を指し、例えば非特異的標的に対して免疫グロブリンを非常に高い濃度で使用する場合に生じるような、非特異的結合を指すものではないことが理解される。一実施形態では、標準的なスクリーニング技術を使用して、CD3に結合するためにモノクローナル抗体をスクリーニングする。この方法で、抗CD3モノクローナル抗体を獲得した。本発明の好ましいハイブリドーマは、抗体mAb1及びmAb2、又はそのキメラ又はヒト化誘導体を生成するものである。しかし、CD3に結合する追加のモノクローナル抗体を識別することができる。そのために、ヒトCD3、更に霊長類のCD3に結合する区別能力について、モノクローナル抗体をスクリーニングする。
幾つかの方法のいずれかを使用して、抗CD3抗体を特徴付けることができる。1つの方法は、それが結合するエピトープを識別することである。エピトープのマッピングが様々な供給源、例えばPepscan Systems(オランダ、レリスタット)から商業的に入手可能である。エピトープのマッピングを使用して、抗CD3抗体が結合する先の配列を判定することができる。エピトープは線状エピトープとする、すなわちアミノ酸の1本鎖に含有されるか、又は必ずしも1本鎖に含有されないアミノ酸の3次元相互作用によって形成された立体配座エピトープとすることができる。
本発明は組成物、例えば抗CD3抗体、抗CD3抗体から誘導されるポリペプチド、抗CD3抗体をコード化する配列を含むポリヌクレオチド、及び本明細書で説明するような他の薬剤を含む医薬組成物を包含する。本発明は更に、任意のCD3ペプチドアゴニスト、アンタゴニスト又は修飾因子、及び特定のCD3ペプチドアゴニスト、アンタゴニスト又は修飾因子の意図された1つ又は複数の機能を支援する追加の化学的構造の接合体を提供する。これらの接合体には、本明細書で説明する診断、スクリーニング又は精製手順に使用する任意の可溶性固体支持基質などの高分子に共有結合するCD3ペプチドアゴニスト、アンタゴニスト又は修飾因子が含まれる。適切な基質材料には、化学的に不活性で、高い多孔性を有し、ペプチドリガンドとの共有結合を形成することができる多数の官能基を有する任意の物質が含まれる。基質材料、及び基質−リガンド接合体を調製する手順の例がDean他(編集)の「AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY: A PRACTICAL APPROACH」(IRL Press (1985))、Loweの「An Introduction to Affinity Chromatography」、Work他(編集)の「LABORATORY TECHNIQUES IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY」第7巻パートII(North-Holland(1979))、Porath他の「Biospecific Affinity Chromatography」、Neurath, H.他(編集)の「THE PROTEINS」第3版第1巻pp.95〜178(1975)、及びSchott, H.の「AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY」(Macel Dekker, Inc.、ニューヨーク(1984))で説明されている。
(1)正常なヒトT細胞の表面上に内因的に発現した状態のヒトCD3に特異的に結合する能力、
(2)ヒト白血病T細胞の表面上に内因的に発現した状態のヒトCD3に特異的に結合する能力、
(3)正常な非ヒトT細胞の表面上に内因的に発現した状態の非ヒトCD3(例えばカニクイザルのCD3)に特異的に結合する能力、
(4)非ヒト白血病T細胞の表面上に内因的に発現した状態の非ヒトCD3に特異的に結合する能力、
(5)CD3複合体の形成を中和する(すなわち結合を阻止又は妨害する)能力、TCR複合体の形成を中和する能力、
(6)TCR複合体による信号送出を(アンタゴニスティック又はアゴニスティックに)調節する能力、
(7)Fc受容体に結合する能力、
(8)元の抗体が優先的に結合する同じCD3エピトープに優先的に結合する能力など、既知の抗CD3抗体をCD3に優先的に結合するのを競合的に抑制する能力、
(9)生細胞の表面に露出したCD3の部分にインビトロ又はインビボで結合する能力、生癌細胞の表面に露出したCD3の部分に結合する能力、
(10)化学療法薬を癌T細胞に送出する能力、及び/又は
(11)治療薬、毒素又は検出可能なマーカをT細胞に送出する能力
のいずれか(1つ又は複数)により、更に識別され、特徴付けられる。
マウスモノクローナル抗体mAb1可変軽鎖のアミノ酸配列(配列ID番号:1)
マウスモノクローナル抗体mAb2可変軽鎖のアミノ酸配列(配列ID番号:5)
従来の免疫機能では、抗体−抗原複合体と免疫系の細胞との相互作用は、広範囲の応答をもたらし、その範囲は抗体依存の細胞毒性、肥満細胞脱顆粒、及び食作用などのエフェクターの機能から、リンパ球増殖及び抗体分泌の調節などの免疫調節性信号まである。これらの相互作用はすべて、抗体又は免疫複合体のFcドメインが造血細胞上の特殊な細胞表面受容体と結合することによって開始する。抗体及び免疫複合体が引き金となる細胞応答の多様性は、3つのFc受容体、すなわちFcγRI(CD64)、FcγRII(CD32)、及びFcγRIII(CD16)の構造的異質性に由来する。FcγRI(CD64)、FcγRIIA(CD32A)及びFcγRIII(CD16)は活性化(すなわち免疫系を増強する)受容体であり、FcγRIIB(CD32B)は阻害性(すなわち免疫系を減衰させる)受容体である。IgG1 Fc領域のアミノ酸配列を以下に示す(配列ID番号:9、参照により明示的に本明細書に組み込むものとし、移行は「Kabat EU」と呼ばれるKabat他の「SEQUENCE OF PROTEINS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL INTEREST」第5版(Public Health Service、メリーランド州NIH(1991))に従って番号付けされている)。残基230〜341はFc CH2領域である。残基342〜447はFc CH3領域である。
配列ID番号:9
以上で説明したように、本発明は追加的に、二重特異的、三重特異的及び多重特異的抗体を包含する。このような抗体の特に好ましい例としては、少なくとも2つのエピトープ結合部位を形成し、少なくともその1つがCD3に特異的に結合する少なくとも2本のポリペプチド鎖を含む「DART(商標)」ダイアボディ分子が挙げられる。例示的「DART(商標)」ダイアボディ分子が、US20100174053号、US20090060910号、US20070004909号、EP2158221号、EP1868650号、WO2010080538号、WO2008157379号、及びWO2006113665号に開示されている。
(i)エピトープ(1)に特異的な第1の免疫グロブリン(VL1)の軽鎖可変ドメインの結合領域を含むドメイン(A)と、
(ii)エピトープ(2)に特異的な第2の免疫グロブリン(VH2)の重鎖可変ドメインの結合領域を含むドメイン(B)と、
(iii)ドメイン(C)とを含む。
このようなDART(商標)ダイアボディの第2のポリペプチド鎖は、
(i)エピトープ(2)に特異的な第2の免疫グロブリン(VL2)の軽鎖可変ドメインの結合領域を含むドメイン(D)と、
(ii)エピトープ(1)に特異的な第1の免疫グロブリン(VH1)の重鎖可変ドメインの結合領域を含むドメイン(E)と、
(iii)ドメイン(F)とを含む。
DART(商標)ダイアボディドメイン(A)及び(B)は、相互に会合してエピトープ結合部位を形成するものではない。同様に、DART(商標)ダイアボディドメイン(D)及び(E)は、相互に会合してエピトープ結合部位を形成するものではない。それどころか、DART(商標)ダイアボディドメイン(A)及び(E)が会合して、エピトープ(1)を結合する結合部位を形成し、上記DART(商標)ダイアボディドメイン(B)及び(D)が会合して、上記エピトープ(2)を結合する結合部位を形成する。ドメイン(C)及び(F)は相互に共有結合する。
本発明の抗CD3抗体及びその抗原結合フラグメントは、CD3の発現を伴う癌の治療、及び自己免疫疾患及び他の炎症性疾患の治療に特に有益である。
本発明の抗体及び抗原結合フラグメントは、T細胞の表面に存在するCD3に結合する。本発明の抗原結合フラグメントは、T細胞を腫瘍細胞へとリダイレクトするために、DART又はBiTE分子などの二重特異的(又は三重特異的又は多重特異的)分子の関係で使用することができる。これで、T細胞が腫瘍細胞を殺傷することができる。本発明の二重特異的(又は三重特異的又は多重特異的)分子は、ヒトCD3及び非ヒト哺乳類(例えばカニクイザル)のCDの両方に、及び第2(又は追加的)の異なる抗原又はエピトープに結合することができる。第2の抗原又はエピトープは、腫瘍細胞上に発現する腫瘍抗原であることが好ましい。このような腫瘍細胞は、癌、例えば、乳癌、前立腺癌、胃癌、肺癌、結腸癌、直腸癌、膵臓癌、肝臓癌、卵巣癌、口腔癌、咽頭癌、食道癌、喉頭癌、骨癌、皮膚癌、メラノーマ、子宮癌、精巣癌、膀胱癌、腎臓癌、脳腫瘍、グリア芽腫、甲状腺癌、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、及び白血病からの可能性がある。このような追加の抗原又はエピトープは、細胞表面腫瘍抗原又はエピトープ(17−1A、A33、成体赤血球1次内胚葉I抗原、アルファ胎児タンパク、RNA腫瘍ウイルスのエンベロープ抗原、膀胱腫瘍癌胎児性抗原、B7−H1、B7−H2、B7−H3、B7−H4、B7−H5、B7−H6、バーキットリンパ腫抗原−38.13、CA125、CD18、CD19、ヒトBリンパ腫抗原−CD20、CD22、CD33、CD44、CD52、CEA、CO17−1A、CTA−1、CTLA−4、表皮性成長因子受容体、Ep−CAM、EphA2、胎児赤血球I抗原、線維肉腫抗原、ガングリオシドGD2、ガングリオシドGD3、ガングリオシドGM2、ガングリオシドGM3、GICA19−9、gpIIIb/IIIa、gp72、HER1、HER−2/neu、HER3、HER4、高分子量黒色腫抗原、HLA−DR抗原、ヒト白血病T細胞抗原−Gp37、ヒト肺癌腫抗原L20、ヒト肺癌腫抗原L6、ヒト乳脂肪球抗原、IgE、KS1/4全癌腫抗原LEA、肺腺癌F3抗原、悪性ヒト白血球抗原−APO−1、黒色腫抗原gp75、黒色腫会合抗原p97、ネオ糖タンパク質、nuC242、多型上皮ムチン抗原、前立腺特異的抗原、前立腺特異的膜抗原、前立腺酸性ホスホターゼ、SK−1抗原、TAG−72、T−抗原、腫瘍抗原CA125、腫瘍抗原MUC1、腫瘍特異的移植型の細胞表面の抗原、血管内皮成長因子、血管内皮成長因子−受容体、及びαvβ3など)であることが好ましい。あるいは、このような追加の抗原又はエピトープは、病原体(例えば、A型肝炎、B型肝炎、C型肝炎、インフルエンザ、水痘、アデノウイルス、I型単純ヘルペス(HSV−I)、II型単純ヘルペス(HSV−II)、牛疫、ライノウイルス、エコーウイルス、ロタウイルス、呼吸器系合胞体ウイルス、パピロマウイルス、パポバウイルス、サイトメガロウイルス、エキノウイルス、アルボウイルス、ハンタウイルス、コクサッキウイルス、流行性耳下腺炎ウイルス、麻疹ウイルス、風疹ウイルス、ポリオウイルス、天然痘、EBウイルス、I型ヒト免疫不全症ウイルス(HIV−I)、II型ヒト免疫不全症ウイルス(HIV−II)、ウイルス性髄膜炎、ウイルス性脳炎、デング熱、天然痘;マイコバクテリアリケッチア、マイコプラズマ、ナイセリア、肺炎球菌、ボレリアブルグドルフェリ、炭疽菌、連鎖球菌、ブドウ球菌、マイコバクテリア、破傷風、百日咳(Pertissus)、コレラ、悪疫、ジフテリア、クラミジア、及びレジオネラ;リーシュマニア、コクシジア、トリパノソーマ又はマラリア;クラミジア及びリケッチア)と会合することができる。
本発明は、移植片拒絶、移植片対宿主疾患、望ましくない遅延型過敏反応(遅延型アレルギー反応など)、T細胞性肺疾患、及び自己免疫疾患などのT細胞性疾患又は障害の症状を治療、予防、進行遅延、及び/又は改善する方法も提供する。T細胞性肺疾患には類肉腫症、過敏性肺臓炎、急性間質肺炎、肺胞炎、肺線維症、突発性肺線維症及び炎症性肺損傷を特徴とする他の疾患が含まれる。T細胞自己免疫疾患には、多発性硬化症、神経炎、多発性筋炎、乾癬、白斑、シェーグレン症候群、慢性関節リウマチ、1型糖尿病、自己免疫膵臓炎、炎症性腸疾患(例えば、クローン病及び潰瘍性大腸炎)、小児脂肪便症、糸球体腎炎、強皮症、類肉腫症、自己免疫甲状腺疾患(例えば、橋本甲状腺炎及びブレーブス病)、重症性筋無力症、アジソン病、自己免疫ブドウ膜網膜炎、尋常性天疱瘡、原発性胆汁性肝硬変、悪性貧血、及び全身性紅斑性狼瘡、狼瘡(特に皮膚)、臓器移植の影響、移植片対宿主病(GVHD)などが含まれる。特に、本発明の方法は早期段階の患者で、自己免疫による障害を遅延させるか、又は軽減し、高レベルの機能を維持し、及び/又は他の療法の必要性を低下させるので有利である(例えば、I型糖尿病の治療又は予防で、本発明の方法は、被験者の外生インスリン投与の必要性を低下させることができる)。更に、本発明の方法は、以前は治療用抗体、及び特に抗T細胞(例えば抗CD3)抗体又は抗原結合フラグメント)の投与に伴っていたサイトカイン放出症候群の発生を減少させるか、又は発生をなくすことができるので有利である。
一態様では、本発明の実施形態は、従来の療法で治療した被験者で達成された寛解よりも長期間の臨床的寛解を達成し、維持するように治療したヒト被験者を提供する。例えば、従来の療法で自己免疫疾患の症状の3カ月の寛解を達成した場合、本発明の組成物は、最大6カ月、最大12カ月、及び場合によっては最大1年〜2年、又はそれ以上の症状の完全な寛解を提供することができる。特定の自己免疫疾患では、特に自己免疫疾患の診断直後に療法を開始する場合に、再発しない完全な寛解を提供することが可能なことがある。
本発明の実施形態で使用する抗体の薬学的製剤は、所望の純度を有する本発明の組成物を、薬学分野で認識されている任意選択の薬学的に許容可能な担体、賦形剤又は安定剤を凍結乾燥製剤又は水溶液の形態で混合することによって保存、輸送及び投与用に調製される。
本発明は、本発明のヒト化抗体を充填した1つ又は複数の容器を含む薬品パック又はキットを提供する。更に、疾患の治療に有用な1つ又は複数の他の予防薬又は治療薬も薬品パック又はキットに含めることができる。本発明は、本発明の医薬組成物の1つ又は複数の成分を充填した1つ又は複数の容器を含む薬品パック又はキットも提供する。任意選択で、このような容器には、製造、薬品又は生物学的製品の使用又は販売を規制する政府当局によって規定された形態の通知書を添付することができ、この通知書は、ヒトに投与するための製造、使用又は販売の当局による認可を反映する。
本明細書で開示した方法によって作成されるCD3に対する抗体は、細胞表面から放出された後に血液中で循環する癌細胞の有無、又はそのレベルの識別にも使用することができる(例えば可溶性CD3)。このように循環する抗原は、本明細書で教示する方法により検出される能力を保持する無傷のCD3抗原、又はそのフラグメントであってもよい。このような検出は、例えば当技術分野で一般的に使用される標準的な方法を使用するFACS分析によって実行することができる。
ヒト及びカニクイザル両方のCD3へのmAb1結合
mAb1がヒトCD3に結合する能力を判定するために、捕捉ELISAを実施した。プレートを1μg/mLの可溶性カニクイザルCD3(「sCD3」)でコーティングし、様々な濃度のmAb1抗体のキメラ変異体(ch−mAb1)(mAb1の様々な配列及びヒト抗体の定常領域を含有する)と、ヒト化変異体(h−mAb1)と、キメラmAb1抗体の軽鎖及びmAb1のヒト化変異体の重鎖で構成された抗体とが存在する状態でインキュベートした。その実験結果を図1Aに示す。実験は、mAb1が哺乳類の非ヒト種のCD3に結合する能力を示す。更に、キメラmAb1抗体の結合を、ヒト化変異体mAb1 LC−2及びmAb1の重鎖で構成された抗体の結合と比較した。その実験結果を図1Bに示す。実験は、mAb1がヒトCD3に結合する能力を示す。したがって、図1A及び図1Bにより、ヒト化mAb1がヒトCD3と非ヒト哺乳類のCD3との両方に結合できたことが明らかになる。ヒト化mAbは、sCD3及びキメラmAb1のそれと同様のhCD3に対する結合を示した。
mAb1のヒト化
mAb1のヒト化誘導体を調製した。このヒト化誘導体のアミノ酸配列及びコード化ポリヌクレオチド配列を以下に示す。CDRを太字体及び下線で示す。
mAb2のヒト化
mAb2のヒト化誘導体を調製した。これらのヒト化誘導体のアミノ酸配列及びコード化ポリヌクレオチド配列を以下に示す。CDRを太字体及び下線で示す。
ヒト及びカニクイザル両方のCD3へのmAb2結合
以上で説明したように、mAb2抗体は元々、ヒトCD3への結合能力に基づいて分離されていた。mAb2が非ヒトCD3に結合する能力を判定するために、捕捉ELISAを実施した。プレートを1μg/mLのCD3(ヒト又はカニクイザル)でコーティングし、様々な濃度のmAb2抗体のキメラ変異体(ch−mAb2)(mAb2の可変配列及びヒト抗体の定常領域を含有する)が存在する状態でインキュベートした。対照標準として、ヒト化mAb2抗体の軽鎖及びキメラ抗体の重鎖で構成された抗体でもプレートをインキュベートした。この実験結果を図2A及び図2Bに示し、それは、キメラmAb2変異体がヒトCD3及びカニクイザルCD3に同等の結合を示したことを明らかにする。
h−mAb2軽鎖及び重鎖の変異体の結合特徴の分析
mAb2の軽鎖のフレームワーク残基が変化する影響を判定するために、分析を実施した。表2は、検査した置換を示す。
キメラ及びヒト化mAb2軽鎖及び重鎖の変異体の結合特徴の分析
キメラ及びヒト化mAb2が非ヒトCD3に結合する能力を判定するために、捕捉ELISAを実施した。プレートを1μg/mLのCD3の細胞外ドメイン(可溶性CD3)(ヒト又はカニクイザル)でコーティングし、様々な濃度の抗体が存在する状態でインキュベートした。この実験結果を図8A及び図8Bに示し、これはmAb2及びそのヒト化変異体が、可溶性ヒトCD3及び可溶性カニクイザルCD3に同等の結合を示したことを明らかにする。
ヒト及びカニクイザルCD3に対するmAb2の結合の定量化
mAb2とヒト又はカニクイザルCD3の間の結合程度を測定するために、BIACORE(商標)分析を実施した。BIACORE(商標)分析は、解離定数kdを測定する。抗体とその標的との結合親和性(KD)は、KD=kd/kaによる会合(会合定数、ka)及び解離(解離定数、kd)の動力学的定数の関数である。BIACORE(商標)分析は、表面プラズモン共鳴を使用して、これらの動力学的パラメータを直接測定する。抗EK抗体を使用して抗CD3抗体mAb2(6.3〜100nM)を支持体に固定化し、可溶性ヒトCD3(shCD3)又は可溶性カニクイザルCD3(scCD3)が存在する状態でインキュベートした。解離の時間経過を測定し、データの二価フィットを実施した。BIACORE(商標)分析の結果を図9A〜図9Dに示す。動力学的データを表3に要約する。
h−mAb2のCDRを含有するDART(商標)ダイアボディの二重特異的結合データ
ヒト化mAb2(h−mAb2)のCDRを使用して、Her2/neu(DART(商標)ダイアボディ「Her2−h−mAb2」)に、又はCD19(DART(商標)ダイアボディ「CD19−h−mAb2」)に、又は表皮性成長因子受容体(EGFR)(DART(商標)ダイアボディ「ERBITUX(商標)−h−mAb2」)に結合可能な抗CD3第1のエピトープ結合部位及び第2のエピトープ結合部位を有するDART(商標)の系列を産生した。
Her2−h−mAb2のDART(商標)ダイアボディのhXR32VL−Her−2VH−Eコイルのアミノ酸配列(hXR32VL配列とHer2VH配列の間、及びHer2VH配列とEコイル配列の間のリンカーには下線を付した)(配列ID番号:58)
CD19−h−mAb2のDART(商標)ダイアボディのCD19VL−hXR32VH−Eコイルのアミノ酸配列(CD19VL配列とhVR32VH配列の間、及びhXR32VH配列とEコイル配列の間のリンカーには下線を付した)(配列ID番号:60)
ERBITUX(商標)−h−mAb2のDART(商標)ダイアボディのhXR32VL−EGFRVH−Eコイルのアミノ酸配列(hXR32VL配列とEGFRVH配列の間、及びEGFRVH配列とEコイル配列の間のリンカーには下線を付した)(配列ID番号:62)
B7−H3−1−h−mAb2のDART(商標)ダイアボディのhBRCA69DVL−hXR32VH−Eコイルのアミノ酸配列(hBRCA69DVL配列とhXR32VH配列の間、及びhXR32VH配列とEコイル配列の間のリンカーには下線を付した)(配列ID番号:64)
B7−H3−2−h−mAb2のDART(商標)ダイアボディのhBRCA84DVL−hXR32VH−Eコイルのアミノ酸配列(hBRCA84DVL配列とhXR32VH配列の間、及びhXR32VH配列とEコイル配列の間のリンカーには下線を付した)(配列ID番号:66)
HER2/neu及びCD3に特異的な二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディが強力なリダイレクトされたT細胞殺傷を仲介する
HER2/neu及びCD3に特異的な二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディを調製した。このようなDART(商標)ダイアボディは、T細胞を(このようなT細胞をCD3結合DART(商標)ダイアボディのCD3結合部分に結合することによって)腫瘍細胞の位置に(このような癌細胞をDART(商標)ダイアボディのHER2/neu結合部分に結合することによって)局在化する能力を有する。これで、局在化したT細胞は、本明細書で「リダイレクトされた」殺傷と呼ばれるプロセスで、腫瘍細胞の殺傷を仲介することができる。
自己免疫疾患の患者の抗TCRモノクローナル抗体療法
患者:1型糖尿病の患者を40人、参加するように以下の基準に従って募集した。すなわち、年齢は7歳と20歳の間、米国糖尿病学会の基準による診断の6週間以内、及び抗GAD65、抗ICA512及び/又は抗インスリン自己抗体の存在が確認されている。患者は、調査の経過中、その掛かり付けの医師の治療を受け続ける。
B7H3及びCD3に特異的な二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディが強力なリダイレクトされたT細胞殺傷を仲介する
B7H3及びCD3に特異的な二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディを調製した。B7H3は、腫瘍細胞系統で免疫組織学的に検出したものである(Chapoval, A.他(2001)の「B7-H3: A Costimulatory Molecule For T Cell Activation and IFN- γ Production」(Nature Immunol. 2:269-274)、Saatian, B.他(2004)の「Expression Of Genes For B7-H3 And Other T Cell Ligands B Nasal Epithelial Cells During Differentiation And Activation」(Amer. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 287:L217-L225)、Castriconi他(2004)の「Identification Of 4Ig-B7-H3 As A Neuroblastoma-Associated Molecule That Exerts A Protective Role From An NK Cell-Mediated Lysis」(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 101(34):12640-12645))、Sun, M.他(2002)の「Characterization of Mouse and Human B7-H3 Genes」(J. Immunol. 168:6294-6297))。幾つかの別個の研究が、ヒト悪性腫瘍細胞はB7−H3タンパク質の発現に顕著な増加を示し、この発現増加は疾患重症度の上昇を伴ったことを示し(Zang, X.他(2007)の「The B7 Family And Cancer Therapy: Costimulation And Coinhibition」(Clin. Cancer Res. 13:5271-5279))、腫瘍が免疫回避経路としてB7−H3を利用していると示唆している(Hofmeyer, K.他(2008)の「The Contrasting Role Of B7-H3」(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 105(30):10277-10278))。
4420−h−mAb2 DART(商標)ダイアボディの4420VL−hXR32VH−Eコイルのアミノ酸配列(4420VL配列とhXR32VH配列の間、及びhXR32VH配列とEコイル配列の間のリンカーには下線を付した)(配列ID番号:68)
A33及びCD3に特異的な二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディが強力なリダイレクトされたT細胞殺傷を仲介する
A33抗原及びCD3に特異的な二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディ(「A33−h−mAb2」DART(商標)ダイアボディ)を調製した。A33は、正常なヒトの結腸及び小腸の上皮に発現し、ヒト結腸癌の95%を超える膜抗原である(Heath, J.K.他(1997)の「The human A33 Antigen Is A Transmembrane Glycoprotein And A Novel Member Of The Immunoglobulin Superfamily」(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA)94:469-474))。
A33−h−mAb2 DART(商標)ダイアボディのRECA47VL−hXR32VH−Kコイルのアミノ酸配列(RECA47VL配列とhXR32VH配列の間、及びhXR32VH配列とKコイル配列の間のリンカーには下線を付した)(配列ID番号:70)
CD3に特異的な二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディが、他のヒト特異的CD3ダイアボディと同等のリダイレクトされたT細胞仲介殺傷を引き起こす
本発明のCD3特異的二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディを更に判定するために、上記CD19−h−mAb2 DART(商標)ダイアボディがリダイレクトされたT細胞仲介殺傷を引き起こす能力を、Moore, P.A.他(2011)の(「Application Of Dual Affinity Retargeting Molecules To Achieve Optimal Redirected T-Cell Killing Of B-Cell Lymphoma」(Blood 117(17):4542-4551))のCD19×CD3 DARTダイアボディと比較した。CD19−h−mAb2 DART(商標)ダイアボディは、ヒトCD3に、及び非ヒトCD3に特異性を示し、Moore, P.A.他(2011)のCD19×CD3 DARTダイアボディはヒトCD3にのみ特異性を示す。
CD3に特異的なカニクイザル交差反応性二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディによるリダイレクトされた細胞溶解
上記CD19−h−mAb2 DART(商標)ダイアボディが、ヒト又はカニクイザルの存在する状態でリダイレクトされたT細胞仲介殺傷を引き起こす能力を調査した。
二重親和性再標的決定試薬(DART(商標))ダイアボディは標的細胞の結合を必要とする
観察された本発明のCD3 DART(商標)ダイアボディにより仲介されたリダイレクトされた殺傷が特異的であったことを実証するために、標的細胞が存在する状態及び存在しない状態で殺傷程度を測定した。
ヒト化カニクイザル/ヒト交差反応性DART(商標)ダイアボディによるリダイレクトされた殺傷
本発明のDART(商標)ダイアボディがリダイレクトされた殺傷を仲介する能力を更に実証するために、A498腎臓癌標的細胞又はA431類表皮細胞癌細胞(Lee, C.M.他(2010)の「The Distribution of The Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Cetuximab And Trastuzumab Within Solid Tumors」(BMC Cancer 10:255; pages 1-11)、Bryant, J.A.他(2004)の「EGF Actives Intracellular And Intercellular Calcium Signaling By Distinct Pathways In Tumor Cells」(Cancer Biol. Ther. 3(12):1243-1249))、及びPMBCエフェクター細胞(E:T=30:1)の存在する状態で様々なDART(商標)ダイアボディにより仲介されるリダイレクトされた殺傷の程度を測定した。
Claims (18)
- 抗体の抗原結合フラグメントを含むCD3結合分子であって、前記抗原結合フラグメントが抗体CD3特異的VLドメイン及び抗体CD3特異的VHドメインを含み、前記CD3特異的VLドメイン及び前記CD3特異的VHドメインが、ヒトCD3のエピトープ及び非ヒト哺乳類のCD3のエピトープの両方に免疫特異的に結合可能な抗原結合ドメインを形成し、
(I)前記CD3特異的VLドメインが、h−mab2 VL−1(配列ID番号:16)、h−mab2 VL−2(配列ID番号:18)、h−mab2 VL−3(配列ID番号:20)、h−mab2 VL−4(配列ID番号:22)、h−mab2 VL−5(配列ID番号:24)、h−mab2 VL−6(配列ID番号:26)、h−mab2 VL−7(配列ID番号:28)、h−mab2 VL−8(配列ID番号:30)、h−mab2 VL−9(配列ID番号:32)、及びh−mab2 VL−10(配列ID番号:34)からなる群から選択され、前記CD3特異的VHドメインが、h−mab2 VH−1(配列ID番号:36)、h−mab2 VH−2(配列ID番号:38)、h−mab2 VH−3(配列ID番号:40)、h−mab2 VH−4(配列ID番号:42)、h−mab2 VH−5(配列ID番号:44)h−mab2 VH−6(配列ID番号:46)、h−mab2 VH−6L(配列ID番号:54)、h−mab2 VH−7(配列ID番号:48)、h−mab2 VH−8(配列ID番号:50)、h−mab2 VH−8L(配列ID番号:55)、h−mab2 VH−8 di−1(配列ID番号:56)、h−mab2 VH−8 di−2(配列ID番号:57)、h−mab2 VH−6M(配列ID番号:72)、h−mab2 VH−8M(配列ID番号:74)、h−mab2 VH−2k(配列ID番号:87)、及びh−mab2 VH−5k(配列ID番号:88)からなる群から選択されるか、又は
(II)前記CD3特異的VLドメインが、h−mab1 VL−1(配列ID番号:10)及びh−mab1 VL2(配列ID番号:12)からなる群から選択され、前記CD3特異的VHドメインがh−mab1 VH(配列ID番号:14)である、CD3結合分子。 - 前記CD3特異的VLドメインが、h−mab2 VL−6(配列ID番号:26)である。請求項1に記載のCD3結合分子。
- 前記CD3特異的VHドメインが、h−mab2 VH−8(配列ID番号:50)、h−mab2 VH−4(配列ID番号:42)、又はh−mab2 VH−2k(配列ID番号:87)である、請求項1又は2に記載のCD3結合分子。
- 前記分子が抗体である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のCD3結合分子。
- 前記抗体がFc領域を欠損しているか、又は
(A)エフェクター機能がないか、又はエフェクター機能が低下しているか、又は
(B)前記抗体の前記Fc領域がFc受容体に結合する能力が低減している
Fc領域を含み、
前記エフェクター機能の低下及び前記結合能力の低減が、野生型Fc受容体に対してのものである、請求項4に記載のCD3結合抗体。 - 前記分子が、第1のポリペプチド鎖及び第2のポリペプチド鎖を含むCD3結合ダイアボディであり、前記鎖が相互に共有結合し、
(I)前記第1のポリペプチド鎖が、アミノ末端とカルボキシ末端とを含み、さらにN末端からC末端への間に、
(i)前記CD3特異的VLドメインを含むドメイン(A)と、
(ii)第2の免疫グロブリンの重鎖可変ドメイン(VH2)の結合領域を含むドメイン(B)と、
(iii)ドメイン(C)とを含み、
前記ドメイン(A)及び(B)が相互に会合してエピトープ結合部位を形成することなく、
且つ、
(II)前記第2のポリペプチド鎖が、アミノ末端とカルボキシ末端とを含み、さらにN末端からC末端への間に
(i)前記第2の免疫グロブリンの軽鎖可変ドメイン(VL2)の結合領域を含むドメイン(D)と、
(ii)前記CD3特異的VHドメインを含むドメイン(E)と、
(iii)ドメイン(F)とを含み、
前記ドメイン(D)及び(E)が相互に会合してエピトープ結合部位を形成することなく、
ここで、
(1)前記ドメイン(A)及び(E)が会合して、ヒトCD3と非ヒト哺乳類のCD3との両方に免疫特異的に結合可能な前記抗原結合ドメインを形成し、
(2)前記ドメイン(B)及び(D)が会合して、第2のエピトープに免疫特異的に結合する結合部位を形成し、前記第2のエピトープが、前記ドメイン(A)及び(E)の前記会合から形成された前記抗原結合ドメインと結合する前記CD3エピトープとは異なり、
(3)前記ドメイン(C)及び(F)が相互に共有会合する、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のCD3結合分子。 - 前記第2のエピトープが、CD3のエピトープではない、請求項6に記載のCD3結合ダイアボディ。
- 前記第2のエピトープが、前記ドメイン(A)及び(E)の前記会合から形成された前記抗原結合ドメインと結合する前記CD3エピトープとは異なるCD3のエピトープである、請求項6に記載のCD3結合ダイアボディ。
- ヒト化された、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のCD3結合分子、請求項4若しくは5に記載の抗体、又は請求項6〜8のいずれかに記載のダイアボディ。
- CD3及びフルオレセインに免疫特異的に結合可能である、請求項1〜3若しくは9のいずれか1項に記載のCD3結合分子、又は請求項6〜9のいずれか1項に記載のダイアボディ。
- (i)CD3及び(ii)(a)腫瘍抗原、又は(ii)(b)細胞表面の抗原、受容体若しくは受容体リガンドの両方に免疫特異的に結合可能である、請求項1〜3若しくは9のいずれか1項に記載のCD3結合分子、又は請求項6〜9のいずれかに記載のダイアボディ。
- 前記分子又はダイアボディが、CD3及び腫瘍細胞上に発現した腫瘍抗原に免疫特異的に結合可能であり、前記腫瘍細胞は、乳癌、前立腺癌、胃癌、肺癌、結腸癌、直腸癌、膵臓癌、肝臓癌、卵巣癌、口腔癌、咽頭癌、食道癌、喉頭癌、骨癌、皮膚癌、黒色腫、子宮癌、精巣癌、膀胱癌、腎臓癌、脳腫瘍、グリア芽腫、甲状腺癌、リンパ腫、骨髄腫、及び白血病からなる群から選択される癌からの腫瘍細胞である、請求項11に記載のCD3結合分子又はダイアボディ。
- 前記分子又はダイアボディが、CD3に、及び細胞表面の抗原、受容体又は受容体リガンドに免疫特異的に結合可能であり、前記細胞表面の抗原、受容体又は受容体リガンドがHER2/neu、B7−H3、CD20、PSMA、IGF−1R、Ep−CAMであるか、又は適応免疫応答におけるT細胞又はB細胞の活性化につながるT細胞とB細胞との会合に関与する分子である、請求項11に記載のCD3結合分子又はダイアボディ。
- 前記分子又はダイアボディが、CD3に、及び前記T細胞とB細胞の会合に関与する分子に免疫特異的に結合可能であり、前記T細胞とB細胞の会合に関与する前記分子が、CD19、CD20、CD22、CD23、CD27、CD32B、CD38、CD40、CD79a、CD79b、CD80、CD86、LFA−1、LFA−3及びCFA−1からなる群から選択される、請求項13に記載のCD3結合分子又はダイアボディ。
- 請求項1〜3若しくは9〜14のいずれかに記載の前記CD3結合分子、請求項4〜5のいずれか1項に記載の前記抗体、又は請求項6〜14のいずれか1項に記載の前記ダイアボディ、及び薬学的に受容可能な担体、賦形剤又は希釈剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 癌又は自己免疫若しくは炎症性疾患の治療に使用する、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- I型インスリン依存性糖尿病、リウマチ性関節炎、全身性エリテマトーデス、多発性硬化症、炎症性腸疾患、重症筋無力症、小児脂肪便症、シェーグレン症候群、グレーブス病、クローン病、自己免疫肝炎、乾癬、乾癬性関節炎、喘息、アレルギー性鼻炎、臓器移植の影響、又は移植片対宿主病(GVHD)からなる群から選択される自己免疫又は炎症性疾患の治療に使用する、請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- I型インスリン依存性糖尿病の治療に使用する、請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
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