JP2008511960A - リチウム電池用のマンガン酸化物複合電極 - Google Patents
リチウム電池用のマンガン酸化物複合電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008511960A JP2008511960A JP2007529807A JP2007529807A JP2008511960A JP 2008511960 A JP2008511960 A JP 2008511960A JP 2007529807 A JP2007529807 A JP 2007529807A JP 2007529807 A JP2007529807 A JP 2007529807A JP 2008511960 A JP2008511960 A JP 2008511960A
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 35
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 97
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910014211 My O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 29
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910016087 LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910009343 Li1.33 Mn1.67 O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910008088 Li-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008090 Li-Mn-O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015672 LiMn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016118 LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006327 Li—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006369 Li—Mn—O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000024 high-resolution transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOUIQRNQJGXQDC-AXTSPUMRSA-N namn Chemical class O1[C@@H](COP(O)([O-])=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[N+]1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 JOUIQRNQJGXQDC-AXTSPUMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002491 polymer binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010671 solid-state reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
-
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- C01G45/12—Manganates manganites or permanganates
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1242—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn2O4]-, e.g. LiMn2O4, Li[MxMn2-x]O4
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- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/125—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type[MnO3]n-, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3], (La,Sr)MnO3
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- C01G45/125—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type[MnO3]n-, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3], (La,Sr)MnO3
- C01G45/1257—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type[MnO3]n-, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3], (La,Sr)MnO3 containing lithium, e.g. Li2MnO3, Li2[MxMn1-xO3
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- C01G45/1292—Manganates or manganites with a manganese oxidation state of Mn(III), Mn(IV) or mixtures thereof of the type [Mn5O12]n-
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Abstract
Description
LiOH・H2OとMn(OH)y(y≦2)とを1.2:1.0のモル比で反応させ、2成分複合系xLi2MnO3・(1−x)Li4Mn5O12に一致したLi:Mn比を有するリチウムマンガン酸化物の電極前駆体パウダーがx=5/7(以下、「0.7」と記す)で合成された。均一に粉砕(intimate grinding)した後、LiOH・H2OとMn(OH)yとの混合物は、ペレットにプレスされ400℃、600℃および750℃の範囲のいくつの温度で空気中にて5時間焼成した。得られたサンプルは、室温まで炉内で冷却した。
実施例1の400℃で合成した0.3Li2MnO3・0.7Li4Mn5O12電極前駆体を、室温で20時間0.1モルのHNO3水溶液を用いた処理により活性化した。酸の固形分に対するml/g比率は60であった。この処理の間、反応溶液のpHは、1.0から約4.0に変化し、これは、いくらかのリチウムおよび/または酸化リチウム(Li2O)が0.3Li2MnO3・0.7Li4Mn5O12構造から抽出され、あわせて、その構造内でおそらくH+イオンがLi+イオンと交換したことを示している。ろ過水が略中性になるまでサンプルを蒸留水で洗浄した後、得られた酸抽出(acid leach)したサンプルは、オーブンで、空気中にて120℃で16時間以下の間乾燥した。この化学的に活性化した電極サンプルのX線回折パターンを図2dに示す。電気化学的な評価のために、サンプルを、空気中で6時間、300℃で加熱した。この処理の間、サンプル重量が約3.4%減少した。これは、電極構造の表面および内部からの水分の除去および/または酸素の損失(マンガンの同時還元による)に起因する。
M(OH)y(M=Mn、Ni;Y≦2)およびLiOH・H2O試薬ならびに所望のx値のための所定量のMn、NiおよびLiを使用して、化学式xLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiMn2−yNiyO4で表される電極前駆体を得た。M(OH)y試薬は、所定の量の硝酸塩M(NO3)2の共沈により得た。均質に粉砕後、M(OH)yとLiOH・H2Oとの混合物を、ペレットにプレスし、400℃から600℃の間のいくつかの温度で、空気中で5時間焼成した。サンプルは、室温まで炉内で冷却した。x=0.5、y=0.5で、400℃で作製したxLi2MnO3・(1−x)Li4Mn2−yNiyO4サンプルのX線回折パターンを図4aに示す。
M(OH)y(M=Mn、Ni;Y≦2)およびLiOH・H2O試薬ならびに所望のx値のための所定量のMn、CoおよびLiを使用して、化学式xLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiMn2−yCoyO4で表される電極前駆体を得た。M(OH)y試薬は、所定の量の硝酸塩M(NO3)2の共沈により得た。均質に粉砕した後、M(OH)yとLiOH・H2Oとの混合物を、ペレットにプレスし、400℃から600℃の間のいくつかの温度で、空気中で5時間焼成した。サンプルは、室温まで炉内で冷却した。x=0.7、y=0.2で、400℃で作製したxLi2MnO3・(1−x)Li4Mn2−yCoyO4サンプルのX線回折パターンを図4bに示す。
電極前駆体を活性化し、直径20mmm、リチウムのカウンター電極(または対極、counter electrode)に対する高さ3.2mmのコインセル(2032サイズ)で評価を行った。セルの構成は、Li/1モル(M)のLiPF6を含むエチレンカーボネイト(EC)とジエチルカーボネイト(DEC)(1:1)/電極前駆体である。積層された電極は、約7mg〜約10mgの電極前駆体パウダーを含む。即ち、約82重量%の積層電極(laminate electrode)、均一に混合された約10重量%のポリビニリデンジフロライド(Kynar PVDF ポリマーバインダー)および約8重量%カーボン(Timcal SFG−6のようなグラファイトまたはChevron XG−72のようなアセチレンブラック)を含む。アルミニウムホイル基材(substrate)のカレントコレクタにドクターブレードにより、スラリーをコートした。積層電極を真空中、70℃で乾燥した。直径約1.4cm電極ディスクを積層板より打ち抜いた。金属リチウムホイルをカウンター電極として用いた。セルは、通常は上限値4.95Vと下限値2.0Vの間の電圧限界(voltage limit)間を一定の電流(通常は、0.1mA/cm2〜0.25mA/cm2)で放電および充電を行った。
Claims (30)
- 非水性電気化学セル用の活性電極であって、
該活性電極の前駆体として、化学式xLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiMn2−yMyO4で示され、0<x<1および0≦y<1であり、Li2MnO3成分とMn2−yMyO4成分とが、層状とスピネル型の構造とをそれぞれ有し、Mが1以上の金属カチオンであるリチウム金属酸化物を有し、
該活性電極は該前駆体より酸化リチウム、または、リチウムと酸化リチウムとを取り除くことで活性化されることを特徴とする活性電極。 - Mが1以上の1価、2価、3価または4価のカチオンであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の活性電極。
- MがLi+、Mg2+、Ni2+、Ni3+、Co2+、Co3+、Al3+、Ti4+、およびZr4+よりなる群から選択される1以上のイオンであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の活性電極。
- MがLi+、Ni2+、Ni3+、Co2+、Co3+よりなる群から選択される1以上のイオンであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の活性電極。
- MがLi+であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の活性電極。
- Li2MnO3成分のマンガンイオン、または、リチウムイオンとマンガンイオンとがMカチオンによって部分的に置換されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の活性電極。
- Li2MnO3成分が、層状のxLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiM’O2成分であって、M’が第1遷移金属イオンから選択される1以上のイオンであり、xが0<x<1である層状の成分によって置換されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の活性電極。
- M’がMnイオン、CoイオンおよびNiイオンよりなる群から選択されたイオンであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の活性電極。
- Mの10%以下が、Liイオン、Mgイオン、および/またはAlイオンによって置換されていることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の活性電極。
- 電極のそれぞれの成分が、互いに物理的に混合されている、または区分けされた電極内で互いに分離していることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の活性電極。
- 電極前駆体のLi2MnO3成分またはLiMn2−yMyO4成分が、層状構造またはスピネル型構造を有しないLi2O・zMnO2成分によって置換されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の活性電極。
- Li2O・zMnO2成分がアルファ型MnO2構造またはガンマ型MnO2構造を有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の活性電極。
- 電極のそれぞれの成分が、互いに物理的に混合されている、または区分けされた電極内で互いに分離していることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の活性電極。
- 成分が部分的に還元され、電極前駆体がMn4+/3+混合原子価を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の活性電極。
- xLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiMnO2成分が部分的に還元され、電極前駆体がMn4+/3+混合原子価を有することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の活性電極。
- Li2O・zMnO2成分が部分的に還元され、電極前駆体がMn4+/3+混合原子価を有することを特徴とする請求項11に記載の活性電極。
- 高温固相反応、および/または、それぞれの成分の物理的な混合もしくはブレンドにより請求項1に記載の電極前駆体を製造する方法。
- 請求項1に記載の電極前駆体を電気化学的に活性化する方法。
- 4.4V vs.Li0を超える電位で電極を電気化学的に活性化することを特徴とする請求項18に記載の方法。
- 4.6V vs.Li0を超える電位で電極を電気化学的に活性化することを特徴とする請求項19に記載の方法。
- 請求項18に記載の方法で作られる電極。
- 酸により化学的に請求項1に記載の電極前駆体を活性化する方法。
- 硫酸反応、塩酸反応、硝酸反応により化学的に電極を活性化する請求項22に記載の方法。
- 請求項22に記載の方法で作られる電極。
- 陰極と、電解質と、活性化する陽極とを含む非水性リチウム電気化学セルであって、
活性化する陽極は、陽極前駆体として、化学式xLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiMn2−yMyO4で示され、0<x<1および0≦y<1であり、Li2MnO3成分とLiMn2−yMyO4成分とが、層状とスピネル型の構造とをそれぞれ有し、Mが1以上の金属カチオンであるリチウム金属酸化物を有し、
該活性化する陽極は、該前駆体より酸化リチウム、または、逐次的にリチウムと酸化リチウムとを取り除くことにより活性化されることを特徴とする電気化学セル。 - 陽極前駆体のLi2MnO3成分が、層状のxLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiM’O2成分であって、M’が第1遷移金属イオンから選択される1以上のイオンであり、xが0<x<1である層状の成分によって置換されていることを特徴とする請求項25に記載のセル。
- 陽極前駆体のLi2MnO3成分またはLiMn2−yMyO4成分が、層状構造またはスピネル型構造を有しないLi2O・zMnO2成分によって置換されていることを特徴とする請求項25に記載のセル。
- 電気的に接続される複数の電気化学セルを含む非水性リチウム電池であって、それぞれのセルが、陰極と、電解質と、活性化する陽極とを有し、活性化する陽極は、陽極前駆体として、化学式xLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiMn2−yMyO4で示され、0<x<1および0≦y<1であり、Li2MnO3成分とLiMn2−yMyO4成分とが、層状とスピネル型の構造とをそれぞれ有し、Mが1以上の金属カチオンであるリチウム金属酸化物を有し、
陽極前駆体は、該電極前駆体より酸化リチウムとリチウム、または、リチウムを取り除くことにより活性化されることを特徴とする電池。 - 陽極前駆体のLi2MnO3成分が、層状のxLi2MnO3・(1−x)LiM’O2成分であって、M’が第1遷移金属イオンから選択される1以上のイオンであり、xが0<x<1である層状の成分によって置換されていることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の電池。
- 陽極前駆体のLi2MnO3成分またはLiMn2−yMyO4成分が、層状構造またはスピネル型構造を有しないLi2O・zMnO2成分によって置換されていることを特徴とする請求項28に記載の電池。
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EP1807888B8 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
CA2578870A1 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
WO2006028476A2 (en) | 2006-03-16 |
CN103762342A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
CN101080830A (zh) | 2007-11-28 |
CA2578870C (en) | 2016-01-26 |
CN108963217B (zh) | 2022-05-03 |
CN108963217A (zh) | 2018-12-07 |
WO2006028476A3 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
ES2620809T3 (es) | 2017-06-29 |
EP1807888A2 (en) | 2007-07-18 |
US7303840B2 (en) | 2007-12-04 |
KR100895354B1 (ko) | 2009-04-29 |
US20060051671A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
CN104795533B (zh) | 2018-09-14 |
CN104795533A (zh) | 2015-07-22 |
KR20070083550A (ko) | 2007-08-24 |
CN101080830B (zh) | 2015-01-28 |
EP1807888B1 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
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