JP2013520782A - 高容量の正極活物質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
高容量の正極活物質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013520782A JP2013520782A JP2012554932A JP2012554932A JP2013520782A JP 2013520782 A JP2013520782 A JP 2013520782A JP 2012554932 A JP2012554932 A JP 2012554932A JP 2012554932 A JP2012554932 A JP 2012554932A JP 2013520782 A JP2013520782 A JP 2013520782A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- manganese oxide
- secondary battery
- positive electrode
- spinel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Ni]=O.[Mn].[Li] OGCCXYAKZKSSGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BVPMZCWLVVIHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Li+] BVPMZCWLVVIHKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 33
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001690 polydopamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006027 ternary co-polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明により、スピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物と上記層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物とを含む混合正極活物質を含み、上記高電圧で充電することにより、安全性が改善され、特定SOC領域での急激な電圧降下による出力不足問題がなく、可用SOC区間が広く安全性が向上した高容量の電池を実現することができる。
【選択図】図1
Description
(充電) Li2Mn4+O3 → 2Li+e- +1/2O2 +Mn4+O2
(放電) Mn4+O2+ Li+ + e- → LiMn3+O2
したがってxLi2MnO3・(1-x)LiMO2(0<x<1、M=Co、Ni、Mnなど)の初期充放電効率は、Li2MnO3の含有量(x値)により変わるが、一般的な層状構造の正極材、例えば、LiCoO2、LiMn0.5 Ni0.5O2、LiMn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33O2等のような正極材より低い。
[化1]
Li1+yMn2-y-zMzO4-xQx
式中、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.3、0≦z≦1であり、Mは、Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Fe、Cr、Cu、B、Ca、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W、B、Ti、V、Zr、及びZnからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素であり、Qは、N、F、S、及びClからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素である。
[化2]
aLi2MnO3・(1-a)LiMO2
式中、0<a<1であり、 Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ti、及びBからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素が同時に適用されるものである。
上記混合正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池の製造段階と、
上記リチウム二次電池を正極電位を基準として4.45V以上の電圧で充電する段階と、
脱ガス(degassing)段階と、を含むリチウム二次電池の製造方法を提供する。
[化1]
Li1+yMn2-y-zMzO4-xQx
式中、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.3、0≦z≦1であり、Mは、Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Fe、Cr、Cu、B、Ca、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W、B、Ti、V、Zr、及びZnからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素であり、Qは、N、F、S、及びClからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素である。
[化2]
aLi2MnO3・(1-a)LiMO2
式中、0<a<1であり、 Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ti、及びBからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素が同時に適用されるものである。
4V領域での酸化・還元反応:Mn2O4 + Li+ + e- ⇔ LiMn2O4
3V領域での酸化・還元反応:LiMn2O4 + Li+ + e- ⇔ LiMn2O4
[化1]
Li1+yMn2-y-zMzO4-xQx
式中、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.3、0≦z≦1であり、Mは、Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Fe、Cr、Cu、B、Ca、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W、B、Ti、V、Zr、及びZnからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素であり、Qは、N、F、S、及びClからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素である。
[化2]
aLi2MnO3・(1-a)LiMO2
式中、0<a<1であり、 Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ti、及びBからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素が同時に適用されるものである。
[正極の製造]
層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物として0.5Li2MnO3・0.5Li(Mn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33)O2とスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物としてLiMn2O4を2:1の割合で混合し、これを正極合剤の総重量に対して80重量%にし、導電材としてデンカブラック7重量%、グラファイト7重量%、バインダーとしてPVDF6重量%をNMPに添加してスラリーを作製する。これを正極集電体に塗布して圧延および乾燥して二次電池用正極を製造した。
上記のように製造された正極を含み、黒鉛を基づいた負極の間に多孔性ポリエチレンのセパレータを介し、リチウム電解液を注入してコイン型リチウム二次電池を作製した。
上記実施例1でスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物として、LiMn2O4の代わりにLiMn2O486重量%とグラファイト7重量%、デンカブラック7重量%間の高エネルギーミリング過程により複合体形態で製造したものを適用したことを除いては実施例1と同一な過程で正極を製造し、上記実施例1と同一な方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
上記実施例で0.5Li2MnO3・0.5Li(Mn0.33Ni0.33Co0.33)O2とLiMn2O4を混合した混合正極活物質の代わりに、LiMn2O4のみを正極合剤の総重量に対して80重量%含むことを除いては正極の製造およびリチウム二次電池の製造方法において上記実施例1と同一な方法でコイン型リチウム二次電池を作製した。
本発明に係る正極活物質の3V領域での作動効果をより詳しく確認するために、上記実施例1で負極活物質としてリチウム金属を使用したことを除いては同一な方法を用いて半電池(half cell)を製造した。
Claims (25)
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物と下記一般式(2)で表される層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物とが混合された混合正極活物質を含み、正極電位を基準として4.45V以上の電圧で充電することを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
[化1]
Li1+yMn2-y-zMzO4-xQx
式中、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.3、0≦z≦1であり、Mは、Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Fe、Cr、Cu、B、Ca、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W、B、Ti、V、Zr、及びZnからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素であり、Qは、N、F、S、及びClからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素である。
[化2]
aLi2MnO3・(1-a)LiMO2
式中、0<a<1であり、 Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ti、及びBからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素が同時に適用されるものである。 - 上記正極電位を基準として4.45V以上の電圧での充電は、フォーメーション段階あるいはその後数サイクルあるいは毎サイクルで行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物は、正極電位を基準として4.45V以上の電圧で充電時4.45V〜4.8V領域で平坦準位を有し酸素が発生する物質であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記混合正極活物質は、総重量100重量%に対して上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物を1重量%〜60重量%含み、上記一般式(2)で表される層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物を40重量%〜99重量%含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記混合正極活物質は、総重量100重量%に対して上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物を10重量%〜50重量%含み、上記一般式(2)で表される層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物を50重量%〜90重量%含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物は、導電性物質又は導電性物質の前駆体と複合体を形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記導電性物質は、結晶構造がグラフェンやグラファイトを含むカーボン系物質であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記複合体は、高エネルギーミリング(high energy milling)による乾式法で一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物の粒子表面にコーティングすることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記導電性物質は、導電性物質と上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物を溶媒に分散した後、導電性物質の前駆体を表面コーティングし乾燥して溶媒を回収する湿式法によって、一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物の粒子表面にコーティングして含まれることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記導電性物質又は導電性物質の前駆体は、上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物の合成原料であるリチウム前駆体およびマンガン前駆体と導電性物質又は導電性物質の前駆体を混合した後、上記導電性物質又は前駆体が酸化されない温度範囲で混合物を焼成して上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物と複合体を形成することによって含まれることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記混合正極活物質は、リチウムコバルト酸化物、リチウムニッケル酸化物、リチウムマンガン酸化物、リチウムコバルト-ニッケル酸化物、リチウムコバルト-マンガン酸化物、リチウムマンガン-ニッケル酸化物、リチウムコバルト-ニッケル-マンガン酸化物およびこれらに他元素が置換又はドープされた酸化物で構成された群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上のリチウム含有金属酸化物がさらに含まれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記他元素は、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、及びFeからなる群より選ばれるいずれか一つ又は2以上の元素であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記リチウム含有金属酸化物は、正極活物質の総重量に対して50重量%以内に含まれることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記リチウム二次電池は、上記混合正極活物質以外にも導電材、バインダー、充填剤がさらに含まれた正極合剤が集電体上に塗布されたものを正極とする請求項1〜請求項13のうちいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記リチウム二次電池は、中大型デバイスの電源である電池モジュールの単位電池として用いられることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 上記中大型デバイスは、パワーツール(power tool)、電気自動車(Electric Vehicle、EV)、ハイブリッド電気車(Hybrid Electric Vehicle、HEV)およびプラグインハイブリッド電気自動車(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle、PHEV)を含む電気自動車;E-バイク(E-bike)、E-スクーター(E-scooter)を含む電気二輪車;電気ゴルフカート(Electric golf cart);電気トラック;電気商用車又は電力貯蔵用システムであることを特徴とする請求項15に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 下記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物と下記一般式(2)で表される層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物とを混合して混合正極活物質を製造する段階と、
上記混合正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池の製造段階と、
上記リチウム二次電池を正極電位を基準として4.45V以上の電圧で充電する段階と、
脱ガス(degassing)段階と、を含むリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
[化1]
Li1+yMn2-y-zMzO4-xQx
式中、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦0.3、0≦z≦1であり、Mは、Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Fe、Cr、Cu、B、Ca、Nb、Mo、Sr、Sb、W、B、Ti、V、Zr、及びZnからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素であり、Qは、N、F、S、及びClからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素である。
[化2]
aLi2MnO3・(1-a)LiMO2
式中、0<a<1であり、 Mは、Al、Mg、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、V、Fe、Cu、Zn、Ti、及びBからなる群より選ばれる一つ又は2以上の元素が同時に適用されるものである。 - 上記正極電位を基準として4.45V以上の電圧での充電段階は、フォーメーション段階あるいはその後数サイクルあるいは毎サイクルで行うことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物は、正極電位を基準として4.45V以上の電圧で充電時4.45V〜4.8V領域で平坦準位を有し酸素が発生する物質であることを特徴とする請求項17に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記混合正極活物質は、総重量100重量%に対して上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物を1重量%〜60重量%含み、上記一般式(2)で表される層状構造のリチウムマンガン酸化物を40重量%〜99重量%含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物を導電性物質又は導電性物質の前駆体と複合体を形成する段階をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記導電性物質は、結晶構造がグラフェンやグラファイトを含むカーボン系物質であることを特徴とする請求項21に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記複合体は、高エネルギーミリング(high energy milling)による乾式法で製造されることを特徴とする請求項21に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記複合体は、導電性物質と上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物を溶媒に分散した後、導電性物質の前駆体を表面コーティングし乾燥して溶媒を回収する湿式法によって製造されることを特徴とする請求項21に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 上記複合体は、上記一般式(1)で表されるスピネル系リチウムマンガン酸化物の合成原料であるリチウム前駆体およびマンガン前駆体と導電性物質又は導電性物質の前駆体を混合した後、上記導電性物質又は前駆体が酸化されない温度範囲で焼成して製造されることを特徴とする請求項21に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
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KR20110097719A (ko) | 2011-08-31 |
WO2011105832A2 (ko) | 2011-09-01 |
JP5627142B2 (ja) | 2014-11-19 |
US9324994B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
EP2541654B1 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
WO2011105832A3 (ko) | 2012-01-12 |
CN102971892A (zh) | 2013-03-13 |
WO2011105832A9 (ko) | 2012-07-05 |
CN102971892B (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
KR101190185B1 (ko) | 2012-10-15 |
US20110311869A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
EP2541654A4 (en) | 2013-08-07 |
EP2541654A2 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
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