JP2014038855A - 電極活物質の前処理方法 - Google Patents
電極活物質の前処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
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- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/044—Activating, forming or electrochemical attack of the supporting material
- H01M4/0445—Forming after manufacture of the electrode, e.g. first charge, cycling
-
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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Abstract
【解決手段】電極活物質を構成する遷移金属の酸化還元電位区間以上に、一定区間の電位プラトーを有する電極活物質を、前記電位プラトー以上まで1回以上充電することで、前記電極活物質の容量を増加させるように電極活物質を活性化する前処理方法、及び、前記前処理方法により活性化された電極活物質を含む電気化学素子であって、前記電位プラトー以下に電圧を下げて充放電するように設計された電気化学素子の提供。
【選択図】図1
Description
[化1]
XLi(Li1/3M2/3)O2+YLiM'O2の固溶体
式中、M=4+の酸化数を有する金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
M'=遷移金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
0<X<1、0<Y<1、X+Y=1である。
〔1〕 電極活物質を構成する遷移金属の酸化還元電位区間以上に、一定区間の電位プラトーを有する電極活物質を、前記電位プラトー以上まで1回以上充電することで、前記電極活物質の容量を増加させるように電極活物質を活性化することを特徴とする、前処理方法。
〔2〕 出荷充電以前に前記電極活物質を前処理することを特徴とする、〔1〕に記載の前処理方法。
〔3〕 前記電極活物質は、電位プラトーが4.4〜4.6Vであることを特徴とする、〔1〕に記載の前処理方法。
〔4〕 前記電極活物質は、下記の化学式1で表される化合物を固溶体状態において含むことを特徴とする、〔1〕に記載の前処理方法。
XLi(Li1/3M2/3)O2+YLiM'O2(固溶体) 式(1)
[上記式中、
M=4+の酸化数を有する金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
M'=遷移金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
0<X<1、0<Y<1、X+Y=1である。]
〔5〕 Mは、Mn、Sn、Ti金属から選択された1種以上の元素であり、M'は、Ni、Mn、Co、Cr金属から選択された1種以上の元素であることを特徴とする、〔4〕に記載の前処理方法。
〔6〕 前記前処理の後、前記電極活物質の放電容量は、3.0〜4.4Vの電圧範囲で100〜280mAh/gであることを特徴とする、〔4〕に記載の前処理方法。
〔7〕 電極活物質を構成する遷移金属の酸化還元電位区間以上に、一定区間の電位プラトーを有する電極活物質を、前記電位プラトー以上まで1回以上充電させた電極活物質を含む電気化学素子であって、前記電気化学素子は、前記電位プラトー以下に電圧を下げて充放電するように設計されたことを特徴とする、電気化学素子。
〔8〕 電極活物質を構成する遷移金属の酸化還元電位区間以上に、一定区間の電位プラトーを有する電極活物質を含む電気化学素子であって、前記電位プラトー以上まで1回以上充電し、以後の充放電からは前記電位プラトー以下で充放電するようにする手段を含むことを特徴とする、電気化学素子。
〔9〕 前記電極活物質は、電位プラトーが4.4〜4.6Vであることを特徴とする、〔7〕又は〔8〕に記載の電気化学素子。
〔10〕 前記電極活物質は、下記の化学式1で表される化合物を固溶体状態において含むことを特徴とする、〔7〕又は〔8〕に記載の電気化学素子。
XLi(Li1/3M2/3)O2+YLiM'O2(固溶体) 式(1)
[上記式中、
M=4+の酸化数を有する金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
M'=遷移金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
0<X<1、0<Y<1、X+Y=1である。]
〔11〕 Mは、Mn、Sn、Ti金属から選択された1種以上の元素であり、M'は、Ni、Mn、Co、Cr金属から選択された1種以上の元素であることを特徴とする、〔10〕に記載の電気化学素子。
〔12〕 前記電極活物質の放電容量は、3.0〜4.4Vの電圧範囲で100〜280mAh/gになるように活性化されることを特徴とする、〔10〕に記載の電気化学素子。
〔13〕 電極活物質を構成する遷移金属の酸化還元電位区間以上に、一定区間の電位プラトーを有する電極活物質を、前記電位プラトー以上まで1回以上充電させたことを特徴とする、電極活物質。
〔14〕 〔1〕〜〔6〕の何れか1項に記載された前処理方法により形成される電極活物質であって、
前記電極活物質を構成する遷移金属の酸化還元電位区間以上に、一定区間の電位プラトーを有する電極活物質を、前記電位プラトー以上まで1回以上充電することで、前記電極活物質の容量を増加させるように電極活物質を活性化する前処理方法により形成されることを特徴とする、〔13〕に記載の電極活物質。
〔15〕 前記電位プラトー以上に充電されることで、前記電位プラトーで電極活物質から酸素が離脱して、酸素欠陥が形成されることを特徴とする、〔13〕に記載の電極活物質。
〔16〕 3.0〜4.4Vの電圧範囲における放電容量が100〜280mAh/gである、下記の化学式1で表される化合物又はこれから由来した化合物。
XLi(Li1/3M2/3)O2+YLiM'O2(固溶体) 式(1)
[上記式中、
M=4+の酸化数を有する金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
M'=遷移金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
0<X<1、0<Y<1、X+Y=1である。]
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
[化1]
XLi(Li1/3M2/3)O2+YLiM'O2の固溶体
式中、M=4+の酸化数を有する金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
M'=遷移金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
0<X<1、0<Y<1、X+Y=1である。
Claims (4)
- 電気化学素子であって、
電極活物質を構成する遷移金属の酸化還元電位区間以上に、一定区間の電位プラトーを有する電極活物質を含んでなり、
前記電極活物質が、下記の化学式1で表される化合物を含んでなり、
前記電極活物質が、出荷充電以前に電極活物質を前処理する方法により、前記電極活物質を構成する遷移金属の酸化還元電位区間以上に、一定区間の電位プラトーを有する電極活物質を、前記電位プラトー以上まで1回以上充電することで、前記電極活物質の容量を増加させるように活性化されたものである、電気化学素子。
XLi(Li1/3M2/3)O2+YLiM'O2(固溶体) 式(1)
[上記式中、
M=4+の酸化数を有する金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
M'=遷移金属から選択された1種以上の元素、
0<X<1、0<Y<1、X+Y=1である。] - 前記電極活物質は、電位プラトーが4.4〜4.6Vであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の電気化学素子。
- Mは、Mn、Sn、Ti金属から選択された1種以上の元素であり、
M'は、Ni、Mn、Co、Cr金属から選択された1種以上の元素であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の電気化学素子。 - 前記電極活物質の放電容量が、3.0〜4.4Vの電圧範囲で100〜280mAh/gになるように活性化されてなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の電気化学素子。
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