CN1054609C - 识别表皮生长因子受体的人源化和嵌合体单克隆抗体 - Google Patents

识别表皮生长因子受体的人源化和嵌合体单克隆抗体 Download PDF

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CN1054609C
CN1054609C CN95118826A CN95118826A CN1054609C CN 1054609 C CN1054609 C CN 1054609C CN 95118826 A CN95118826 A CN 95118826A CN 95118826 A CN95118826 A CN 95118826A CN 1054609 C CN1054609 C CN 1054609C
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R·P·罗德里古兹
C·M·A·德里奥
E·M·福里阿斯
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Centro de Immunologia Molecular
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Abstract

本发明涉及新的人源化和嵌合体单克隆抗体,它识别含人免疫球蛋白重链可变区的至少FRs的人工顺序的EGF-R。两种单克隆抗体的高可变区为下列氨基酸序列:轻链:CDR-1: -arg -ser -ser -gln -asn-ile -val -his-ser -asn -hly -asn -thr -tyr -leu -asnp;CDR-2: -lys -val -ser -asn-arg -phe -ser; CDR-3: -phe -gln -tyr -ser -hys -val -pro -trp -thr。重链:CDR-1: -asn -tyr -tyr -ile -tyr; CDR-2: -gly -ile -asn -pro-thr -ser -gly -gly -ser -asn -phe -asn -glu -lys -phe -lys -thr;CDR-3: -gln -gly -leu -trp -phe -asp -ser -asp -gly -arg -gly -phe-asp -phe。这些抗体可用于治疗和诊断用途。

Description

识别表皮生长因子受体的人源化和嵌合体单克隆抗体
本发明涉及免疫学领域,特别是涉及嵌合体和人源化抗EGF-R单克隆抗体的二种新产品,这些抗体比原始鼠单克隆抗体的免疫原性低并具有改进的效应子功能。
本发明还涉及含有这些抗体的治疗和诊断组合物。
表皮生长因子(EGF),一种53氨基酸多肽,分子量6045D,首次从鼠下颌腺分离和提纯(Cohen S;J.Biol.Chem(1962)237,1.555)。以后,从人尿中获得类似的分子(Cohen S和Carpenter G;(1975PN AS USA 72,1317)。这种多肽的作用主要通过其膜受体,一种170KD分子量糖蛋白完成。将其胞内区域同与显示恶性转化过程有关的致癌基因V-erb-B结构同源的酪氨酸激酶活性结合(Heldin C.H.等人(1984)Cell 37,9-20)。
高水平的EGF-R已在源于上皮(epitelium)的恶性肿瘤,例如乳房、膀胱、卵巢、阴门、结肠、肺、脑和食管癌中检测出。EGF及其受体在调整肿瘤生长中的作用是未知的,但已有人提出在肿瘤细胞中EGF-R的表达提供了导致无控制增生autocrine生长刺激的机理(Schlessinger J;Schreiber A.B;Levi A;Liberman T和Yarden Y;(1983)Crit.Rev.Biochem 14(2),93-111)。
已有报导,EGF除了在一些细胞系统调整其分化外(TonelliC.J;Nature(1980),285,250-252),还造成乳腺癌细胞系的过度生长(Osborne C.K等人(1980),Cancer research 40,2.361)这些对细胞分化和增生的作用涉及到EGF-R的高度表达(Buss J.E等人,1982,P.N.A.S.79,2.574)。
在肿瘤细胞中EGF-R的存在已证明是一种人乳腺癌不良预后的指征。大约40%乳房肿瘤显示对EGF的高亲合性特异性结合位点(Perez,R;Pascual,M.R;Macias A;Lage,A(1984)BreastCancer Research and Treat.4,189-193)。与雌激素受体的存在也有一种反向相关性,表征EGF-R作为不分化的标记或恶性细胞增生潜在能力的指示剂。
其它研究组已有报道,EGF-R的表达在初期乳腺癌中的区域神经节转移中是较高的(Sainsbury J.R等人,(1985)Lancet 1,8.425,364-366),并且受体的表达在人乳腺癌细胞的不同hystologic亚型中是不同的,它的存在构成一个不良预后的信号(Macias,A等人(19),Anti Cancer Research,6:849-852)。
在不同的研究中获得的资料已促使考虑将EGF-EGF-R系统用作治疗作用可能的靶子。
我们获得了一种如欧洲专利申请No.93202428.4中所述对人胎盘产生的鼠单克隆抗体(R3),并发现其与人EGF-R的外部区域结合。发现在低和高EGF-R亲和位点都抑制EGF的结合。
使用对EGF-R的单克隆抗体被动免疫疗法已是许多研究的目的,已经证明,抗体受体的特异识别抑制EGF的结合,同时对恶性细胞的促有丝分裂刺激有抑制作用(Sato J.D等人1987,Methods in Enzimology,14863-81);但事实证明,来自鼠的这些抗体,产生人抗鼠抗体反应。
由Kohler和Milstein发展的杂交瘤抗体技术革新了免疫化学的定律并提供了在临床诊断和免疫治疗中具有潜在用途的一族新的试剂(Kohler G;Milstein C.(1975)Nature 256,495-497)。尽管它已成为用于基础研究和临床诊断中的生产鼠单克隆抗体(mAbs)的常规,但仍难于将它们用于体内免疫治疗。因为它们在人体中活力减少一半,通过人免疫系统识别鼠抗体效应子区域的能力较差,并且外来免疫球蛋白可引出抗球蛋白应答(HAMA应答),可能干扰治疗。
遗传操作抗体基因并随后通过转染技术表达这些改变的基因的能力使我们可以生产具有比现有的杂交瘤抗体更合乎要求性能的mAbs。从而可使用基因工程以提高抗体分子中所需的效应子功能并降低或消除不需要的效应子功能。
使用重组DNA技术克隆抗体基因已提供了一种供选择方案,由此可将鼠mAb转化成具有相同抗原结合性能的主要为人的形式。S.L.Morrison在1984年创立了限定抗原结合特异性的鼠—人抗体分子,该方法是取出产生骨髓瘤细胞系鼠抗体的可变区域基因并将其结合到人免疫球蛋白恒定区域(Morrison S.L;等人1984,D.N.A.S.USA81,6851-6855)。
其它发明人试图通过仅移植抗原结合位点,而不是全部可变区域,将啮齿类抗原结合位点直接构建到人抗体上(Jones P.T等人(1986)Nature 321,522-524,Verhoeyen M等人(1980)Science 239,1534-1536)。已经发展了这种方法的一些用途(Rietchmann L.等人(1988)Nature 332,323-327;Quee C.等人(1989)P.N.A.S USA 86,10029-10033),其它发明人已经对重新形成的抗体进行研究,这些抗体包括人FRs中的一些鼠残余基,以恢复原抗原的亲和性(Tempest,P.R(1991)Biotechnology 9,266-272)。
由此,本发明目的是提供嵌合体和人源化的mAb,特别是针对由非人源的抗原结合位点和人源的(嵌合体)恒定区域以及人源可变区域和恒定区域的Frs构成的EGF-R,如果需要,用可保存或恢复结合特异性的方式来改变。
特别是,本发明目的是说明抗EGF-R抗体的抗原结合位点的高度可变区域的特异性并提供如上所述的在人源化的和嵌合体的mAb中的这些CDRs。
这些抗体可作为抗高度表达EGF-R的肿瘤的治疗或诊断剂。
图1用于说明导出的鼠R3抗体(a)VK和(b)VH的氨基酸序列。下面划线的是CDRs。
图2用于说明含有mAb R3CDRs的鼠和人源化VK(a)和VH(b)的氨基酸序列。
图3用于说明通过RRA检测嵌合体和人源化R3与EGF-R的结合。测定不同浓度的提纯的鼠R3(+),嵌合体R3(*)和人源化(1)R3(-.-)中抗原结合活性并作结合125I-EGF的CPM与各抗体浓度对数的曲线(通过ELISA测定IgG的浓度,参见本发明的详细说明)。
图4用于说明检测杂种鼠R3VH/人源化R3VK和人源化R3VH/鼠R3VK的结合。在转染的NSO细胞浓缩上清液稀释液中检测抗原结合活性并作CPM(膜结合放射性)对通过ELISA测定的IgG浓度的对数曲线,参见试验程序。
图5用于说明再成型的人源化R3重链可变区的氨基酸序列的比较。下面划线的是CDRs。
图6是鼠mAb R3的可变区的分子模型。其中结合位点在上部,分子绕垂直轴顺时针稍微转动,以使VH区域接近观测器。VL结构是淡兰色,而VH结构是粉红色。用深兰和红色标记对应的CDRs。残基Ser 75和Thr93(包括极性氢原子)的侧链用绿色显示。Phe 100f的侧链用红色显示。
图7用于说明通过RRA检测不同再成型的mAb R3与EGF-R的结合。在转染的NSO细胞浓缩上清液稀释液中检测抗原结合活性并作CPM(膜结合放射性)与通过ELISA测定的IgG浓度的对数曲线,参见实验程序。所有的再成型人源VH区的译本用hu VKR3共转染并在图中表示。
图8为R3鼠mAb在猴中的免疫原性和不同的重组体译本。用2mg以氢氧化铝作辅助剂的各种mAbs译本在15天间隔内给Cercopithecus aethiops猴皮内免疫。在动物血清中用间接ELISA进行猴IgG抗R3 mAb的不同译本的检测。R3可变区的cDNA合成和基因放大
将细胞质RNA从约106R3杂交瘤细胞(IgG2A)中提取,这种抗体被我们获得(Fernandez A等人(1989)IFN y Biotecnologia 6(3),289-298)。用来提取RNA的该方法已由Faloro等人叙述(Faloro,J.,Treisman,R.and Kemen,R.(1989),Methods inEnzimology 65:718-749)。
如Tempest等人所述制成cDNA合成反应混合物(Tempest,P.R.,Bremner,P.,Lambert,M.,Taylor,G.,Furze,J.M.,Carr,FD.J.and Harris,W,J.(1991)Biotechnology 9:266-271)。简单地说,将含5μg mRNA,25pmol Vh或Vk引物FOR,250uM各dNTP,10mM DTT,50mM Tris-HCl(pH8.3),8mM MgCl2,75mM KCl和15单位的RN Ase抑制剂的50ul反应混合物在70℃加热10分钟,在30分钟期间慢慢冷却到37℃。然后,添加100单位MLV逆转录酶(BRL)并在37℃继续培育1小时。
如Orlandi等人所述,使用PCR放大VH和VK cDN As(Orlandi,R.,Gussow,D.H.,Jones,P.T.,and Winter,G.(1989),Proc Natl Acad.Sci.USA 86:3833-3837)。对于VH的PCR放大,DNA/引物混合物包含5ul cDNA,25pmoles CG2AFOR和VH1BACK引物。对于VK的PCR放大,DNA/引物混合物包含5ul cDNA,25pmoles CK2FOR和VK10BACK引物。向该混合物中添加2.5mM的各dNTP,10x缓冲热解酶(thermolase)成分5μl和1单位热解酶(IBI),总体积50μl。将试样进行25次热循环,在94℃,30秒;在50℃,30秒;在72℃,1分钟;最后在72℃培育5分钟。将放大的VH和VK DNA在Prep A基因纯化试剂盒(BioRad)上提纯。放大的cDNA的克隆和定序
将放大的VH和VK cDNA克隆入M13-mp19载体中,通过二脱氧法使用T7DNA Pol(Pharmacia)将克隆定序。我们使用VH1BACK和VH1 FOR引物(对VH)和VK3BACK和VK3FOR引物(对VK)通过PCR将cDNA再放大。将放大的cDNA用PstI和BstEII(对VH基因)或PvuII和BgIII(对VK基因)消化。将片段克隆入M13-VHPCR1(用PstI和BstEII消化的)或克隆入M13-VKPCR1(用PvuII和BglI消化的)。将含V基因插入物的M13VHPCR-R3和M13VKPCR-R3通过定序直接鉴定。嵌合体基因的结构
将VH基因与Ig重链启动子、合适的连接位点和信号肽序列一起通过用HindIII和BamHI消化从M13载体切开,并克隆入表达载体(pSVgpt)。然后将人的IgG1恒定区(Takahashi,N.,Veda,S.,Obatu,M.,Nikaido,T.,Nakai,S.,and Honjo,T.(1982)。Cell 29:718-749)作为BamHI片段加入。得到的结构是R3VH-pSV gpt。R3VK-pSVhyg的结构基本上是相同的,除了gpt基因被耐hygrimicin性基因取代和人的Kappa链恒定区被加入外(Hieter,P.A.,Max E.E.,Seidman,J.G.,Maizel,J.V.Jr.,and Leder.,P(1980)Cell 22:197-207)。嵌合体抗体表达
将NSO细胞用4ug R3VH-pSVgptγ1区电穿孔(electroporated),并通过用PvuI消化将8ug R3VK-pSVhygKappa恒定区直线化。将DN As一起混合,用乙醇沉淀并再溶于25ul水中。使约107NSO细胞生长至半群集,通过离心收集并在电穿孔池中与消化的DNA一起再悬浮在0.5ml DMEN中。5分钟冰冷后,给细胞170伏和960uF脉冲(Gene-Pulser,Bio-Rad)并再冰冷30分钟。然后将细胞倒入20ml DMEN加10%胎牛血清中并使恢复48小时。此时,将细胞分布到96-孔板上并施用选择的培养基(DMEN,10%胎牛血清,0.8ug/ml霉酚酸,250ug/ml黄嘌吟)。14天后用肉眼可见转染克隆。
通过ELISA测定在含转染克隆的孔培养基中人的抗体的存在。将微滴板孔用羊抗人IgG(γ链特异的)抗体(Sera Lab)覆盖。用PBST(含0.02%吐温20,pH7.5的磷酸盐缓冲盐水)洗涤后,在37℃1小时内将来自含转染子的孔中的20ul培养基加到每个微滴孔中。然后将孔排空,用PBST洗涤并添加过氧化物酶结合的羊抗-人Kappa,轻链特异的(Sera-Lab),并在37℃培育1小时。然后将孔排空,用PBST洗涤并添加含邻苯二胺底物缓冲剂。几分钟后通过加硫酸停止反应,并测量在492nm处的吸光率。移植CDRs到人的结构中。
用类似Kunkel等人所述的CDR接枝方法进行R3-huVH(a)和R3-huVK的人源化的第一次译本构成(Kunkel,T.A.(1985)Proc.Natl.Aca.Sci.USA 82,488);(Kunkel,T.A.(1987)Methods in Enzimology.155,166)。简单地说,将10pmoles编码鼠CDRs序列的VH或VK磷酸化寡聚核苷酸加到在M13VH或VKPCR载体(对人Eu VH区顺序和人REI VK区顺序编码的)中的0.5ug VH或VK单链尿嘧啶DNA上。通过加热到70℃将引物在模板上退火并慢慢冷却到37℃。位点定向诱变后,将DNA转化到感受态E.Coli TG1细胞。由单个斑点制备单链DNA并定序。如果仅获得单或双突变体,则用合适的寡聚核苷酸使它们经受又一轮诱变直到获得三CDR突变体。
用实施例5中所述的寡聚核苷酸,用PCR诱变(Kammann,M.,Laufs,J.,Schell,J.and Gronenborn,B.(1989)。P.N.A.S.USA,86,4220-4224)构成重新形成的人R3VH的又一译本。人源化R3抗体在NSO细胞中的克隆和表达
CDR接枝后,将携带R3人源化VH和R3人源化VK基因的HinIII-BamHI片段再克隆入表达载体,得到质粒R3 HuVH(1-7)-pSVgptγ1和HuR3VK-pSVhyg Kappa恒定区。将载体用PvuI线性化,象嵌合体表达一样将人源化表达到NSO细胞。mAb R3VK和VH的分子模拟
用分子模拟程序QUANTA/CHARm4.0(MolecularSimulation Inc.,1994)建立鼠mAb R3可变区的模型,这在150MHz Silicon Graphics Indigo Extreme工作台上进行。分别由Fab 26-10(Jeffrey,P.D.,Strong.R.K.,Siekev,L.C.,Chang,C.Y.,Campbell,R.L.Petsko,G.A.,Haber,E.,Margolies,M.N.和Sheriff,S(1993),PNAS,USA,90,10310)和Fab 36-71(Strong,R.K.,Campbell,R.L.,Rose,D.R.,Petsko,G.A.,Sharon,J和Margolies,M.N.(1993),Biochemistry 30,3739)建立VK和VH结构,Fab 26-10和mAb R3分别在VK结构中有92%同源,而在整个VK区有88%同源。Fab 36-71和R3mAb的VH结构有85%同源。
由Brookhaven Protein Data Bank(进入1IGI和6FAB)得到配位物。将Fab 36-71的结构拟合到Fab26-10结构上,仅匹配那些已发现常包含在轻和重可变区之间的界面的残基(Chotia,C.,Novotny,J.,Bruccolery,R和Karplus,M.(1985),J.Mol.Biol,186,651)。然后除去Fab 26-10的VH区域和Fab 36-71的VK区域留下需要的杂种。按照最大重叠程序进行侧链置换(Snow,M.E.和Amzel,L.M.(1986).Proteins 1,267),如可能同其它晶体结构对照。
建立R3-可变轻(VL)区域(L1、L2和L3)的高可变区留下与Fab26-10中相同的主链构象,由于在双抗体中相应的CDRs是高度同源的,并属于相同的典型结构组(Chotia,C.,Lesk,A,M.,Tramontano,A.,levitt,M.,Smith-Gill,S.J.,Air,G.,Sherii,S.,Padlan,E.A.,Davies,D.,Tulip,W.R.,Colman,P.M.,Spinelli,S.,Alzari.P.M.and Poljak,R.J.(1989),Nature,342,877)。在mAb R3的VH区域,CDR H1属于如在Fab 36-71中的典型的结构组1,以保持亲本分子的的主链扭转角。由Fv片段4D5(进入1FVC)得到相应于典型结构组2和这个环的主链构象的CDR H2,它选自其它高分辨结构,因为它的H2环基与Fab 36-71的结构匹配良好。对所有上述环与其它来自数据库的CDRs进行比较来定向侧链。
为模拟CDR H3,它在mAb A3中是14个氨基酸长,用高温分子动力学进行构象取样(Bruccoleri,R.E.and Karplus,M.1990 Biopolymers,29,1847)。首先,使整个没有CDR H3的结构最小能量化并保持残基H-94和H-103固定,并将调和抑制10kcal/(摩尔原子A2)用于主链原子。然后用从二个预先固定的氨基酸开始的任意构象构成一个环。考虑其它晶体结构来安置那些靠近结构的残基,并用一个扩大的构象建立环的顶部,避免与分子其它部分的强空间相互作用。对下面模拟步骤只允许CDR H3和距离5埃之间的邻近侧链移动。首先进行能量最小化,然后在800K进行分子动力学150微微秒。该运行的时间间隔设定为0.001微微秒,并每100间隔免去配位。由动力学运行得到120最低能量构象,并受到一个最小能量,其中允许结构中的所有原子移动。获得一些低能量构象,并在下面分析中使用最低能量的构象。分别模拟鼠和人源R3抗体变体之间的差别,以研究它们对CDR构象可能的影响。EGF受体放射性配体竞争试验
通过抗EGF-RmAb结合到其受体的125I-EGF的表观抑制常数(Ki)的测定是通过用人胎盘微粒体部分同源放射性受体分析(RRA)进行的(Macias,A.,Perez,R.,Lage,A.(1985),Interferon Y Biotecnologia 2:115-127)。抗原抗体反应的亲和性常数也通过竟争性RRA估算,但使用mAb 125I-R3作为放射标记探针。材料:从the Center of Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyHavana,Cuba获得重组体人表皮生长因子(hEGF)。通过氯胺T方法放射碘化125I-hEGF(特定活性150-200uCi/ug)。鼠杂交瘤细胞系R3从我们(EPA No.93202428.4)获得。大鼠骨髓瘤NSO是非Ig分泌细胞系,并生长在含10%胎牛血清的Dulbecco′s改变的Eagles培养基(DMEN)中。对于载体M13VHPCR1、M13VKPCR1、pSVgpt和pSVhyg已有详细叙述(Orlandi,R.,Gussow,D.H.,Jones,P.T.和Winter,G.(1989),Proc.NatlAcad.Sci.USA.86:3833-3837)并从Greg Winter,MRCLaboratory of Molecular Biology,Cambridge,UK,获得。使用Applied Biosystems 381 DNA合成仪合成寡聚核苷酸。
实施例1
分子克隆定序:
使用PCR放大VH和VK。
使用的特定寡聚核苷酸是:
对重链可变区:GG2AFOR                  引                物(5′GGAAGCTTAGACCGATGGGGCCTGTTGTTTTG3′)VH1BACK引物(5′AGGT(G/C)(A/C)A(A/G)CTGCAG(G/C)AGTC(A/T)GG3′对轻链可变区:CK2FOR(5′GGAAGCTTGAAGATGGATACAGTTGGTGCAGC3′)VK10BACK(5′TTGAATTCCAGTGATGTTTTGATGACCCA3′)。
将提纯的VH和VK cDNA克隆入M13载体中。通过二脱氧法使用T7 DNA Pol(Pharmacia)将十二个独立克隆定序。在图1中,可看到鼠R3 mAb的可变区顺序。VH顺序与Kabat亚型VHIIB而VK与Kabat亚型II最密切相关。实施例2嵌合体基因的结构我们通过PCR使用下述寡聚核苷酸再放大cDNA:对VH:VH1BACK(5′AGGT(G/C)(A/C)A(A/G)CTGCAG(G/C)AGTC(A/T)GG3′和VH1FOR引物(5′TGAGGAGACGGTGACCGTGGTCCCTTGGCCCCAG3′)对VK:VK3BACK(5′GACATTCAGCTGACCCA3′)VK3FOR(5′GTTAGATCTCCAGTTTGGTGCT3′)。对VH基因用PstI和BstEII或对VK基因用PvuII和BglII消化放大的cDNAs。将片段克隆入M13-VHPCR1(用PstI和BstEII消化的)或克隆入M13-VKPCR1(用PvuII和BcII消化的)。载体的详细说明(Orlandi,R等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.86:3833-3837,1989)。直接通过定序识别含V基因插入物的M13VHPCR-R3和M13VKPCR-R3。通过用HinIII和BamHI消化从M13中切去VH基团以及Ig重链启动子适宜的拼接位点和信号多肽顺序并克隆入一个表达载体(pSVgpt)。然后以BamHI片段加入人IgG1恒定区(Takahashi,N等人。Cell 29:718-749,1982)。得到的结构是R3 VH-pSVgpt。R3 VK-pSVhyg的结构基本上是相同的,除gpt基因被耐hygromicin性基因取代以及加入人的Kappa链恒定区外(Hieter,D.A.等人,Cell,22:197-207,1980)。实施例3将鼠R3的GDRs移植到人的FRs
我们将鼠的R3轻和重链可变区与人体免疫球蛋白的可变区序列进行了比较。
鼠的R3重链可变区与人的亚型VHI63.4%同源,而R3轻链可变区与人的亚型VKI73.6%同源。所选的人FRs对于轻链来源于人体免疫球蛋白REI而对于重链来源于人体免疫球蛋白EU。
人源化R3重链和人源化R3轻链的第一译本的构成是使用本发明详细说明所述的CDR接枝法进行的。
设计出寡聚核苷酸,该低核苷酸由互补于对人的Eu(对Vh)和人的REI(对VK)的相邻FRs编码的DNA顺序的12个DNA碱基编码各末端的DNA顺序组成。设计的寡聚核苷酸是:对轻链的CDRI:5′TCTAGATCAGTCTTGTAACATGTATCATTACCTTTGTGGATAAATCTG3′
对于CDR2我们不使用寡聚核苷酸,因为REI人的CDR2同于R3 CDR2。对轻链的CDR35′GATGACGAAAGTTATCAAGTGTACAAGGGACCTG3′对于重链的CDR1:5′ATGTGGAAGTGGTTAATAATATAGATAACCCACTCTGTC3′对于重链的CDR2:5′ACTACCTACCCTCCCTATTTGGGGTGGAGACCTCCCTCATTGAAATTACTTTTCAGTTCTGTTCTCACTGTTAA 3′对于重链的CDR3:5′AAAACACGTTCTGTCCCGAACACCAAGCTGTCACTGCCTGCCCCGAAACTGAAG3′实施例4在NSO细胞中嵌合体和人源化的表达
用4ug鼠的或人源化的R3 VH-CMMARγ1区将NSO细胞电穿孔并通过用PVUI消化将8ug鼠的或人源化的R3VK-CMMARhyg Kappa恒定区线性化。将DNAs一起混合,将乙醇沉淀物溶解在25ul水中。使约107NSO细胞生长至半群集,通过离心收集并在电穿孔池中与消化的DNA一起再悬浮在0.5mlDMEN中。冰冷5分钟后,给细胞170伏和960uF的脉冲(Gene-Pulser,Bi-Rad)并再冰冷30分钟。将细胞倒入加10%胎牛血清的20mlDMEN中并进行48小时恢复。此时,将细胞分布到96-孔板上并施用选择的培养基(DMEN,10%胎牛血清,0.8ug/ml霉酚酸,250ug/ml黄嘌呤)。14天后用肉眼可看到转染克隆。
通过ELISA测定在含转染克隆的孔的培养基中人抗体的存在。用羊抗人的IgG(γ链特异的)抗体(Sera Lab)涂布微滴板孔。用PBST(含0.02%吐温20,pH7.5的磷酸盐缓冲盐水)洗涤后,在37℃1小时内将来自含转染子的孔中的20ul培养基加到每个微滴孔中。然后将孔排空,用PBST洗涤并添加过氧化物酶结合的羊抗人Kappa,轻链特异的(Sera-Lab),并在37℃培养1小时。然后将孔排空,用PBST洗涤并添加含邻苯二胺底物缓冲剂。几分钟后通过加硫酸使反应停止并测量在492nm处的吸光率。在图3中可看到嵌合体和鼠R3抗体结合到带有相同亲合性的EGF-R上(用RRA试验),而人源化R3抗体的第一译本不结合到EGF-R上。实施例5在FRs区中带一些鼠残基的人源化R3抗体的不同译本的结构
在人FRs中需要引入一些鼠残基,因为我们构成的人源化第一译本不与抗原结合。
我们在鼠R3VH/人源化R3VK和人源化R3VH/鼠R3VK之间构成杂种。图4示出该杂种鼠R3VH/人源化R3VK,结合到具有原鼠R3同样亲和性的EGF-R上。
人源化的R3huVK保留了所有鼠R3VK的Vernier′s残基。这个事实可以解释为什么人源化程序不影响Kappa链的结合能力。
尽管人源化R3VH/鼠R3VK不反应。这个结果建议我们必须将鼠残基引入重链的人FRs中,以恢复该抗体对抗原的结合。
然后,通过PCR诱变构成再成型的人源化重链的其它译本。在这些新的译本中我们力求保留完整的Vernier′s区,推荐在FRs区的位置66、67、75、76和93中的变化。
为得到再成型的R3VH-K66A67设计的寡聚核苷酸是:上链:5′GAAAAGTTCAAGACAAAAGCGACAATTACGGTAGAC3′下链:5′GTCTACCGTAATTGTCGCTTTTGTCTTGAACTTGAACTTTTC3′
为得到再成型的R3VH-S75T76设计的寡聚核苷酸是:上链:5′GTAGACGAGAGCAGCACCACGGCGTACATG3′下链:5′CATGTACGCCGTGGTGCTGCTCTCGTCTAC3′
为得到再成型的R3VH-T93设计的寡聚核苷酸是:上链:5′TTCTATTTTTGTAGAAGACAGGGCTTG3′下链:5′CAAGCCCTGTCTTGTACAAAAATAGAA3′实施例6mAb R3 VK和VH的分子模拟
使用分子模拟程序QUANTA/CHARm 4.0(MolecularSimulationsInc.,1994)建立鼠mAb R3可变区的模型,在150MHz Silicon Graphics Indigo Extreme工作台上进行。
分别模拟R3抗体的鼠和人源化变种之间差别,以研究对CDR构象可能的影响。
已经在人源化R3 hu VH(图6)中变化的,在位置66、67、75、76和93上的重链可变区残基紧靠高可变环,所以可影响CDR构象。我们实验结果和模拟研究都表明对结合亲和性只有Thr 76和Thr93是严格的。
构成鼠R3重链可变区的分子模型以分析这些突变可能的作用。残基93正好位于CDR H3下面,靠近Pheloof(图6),用象Ala这样的更小氨基酸取代Thr可诱发邻近侧链的某些重新排列并改变H3环的全部构象。
作为靠近CDR H2(图2)的THR和在这个位置引入的大Asn残基可导致与CDR H1的主链氢结合作用。此外,残基76从可变区上方可接近并可直接包含在与EGF-R的结合中。仅是Ser 75-Thr取代好象是没有任何影响,但与位置76上的突变一起发生,则是重要的。lys66-Arg和Ala67-Val的变化不显示对结构的影响,但由于它们已被发现对再成型的mAb 425的功能结合有一些影响(Kettleborough,C.,Saldanha,J.,Heath,V.J.,Morrison,C.J.和Bending,M.M(1991).Protein Engineering,4,773-783),我们决定在这些位置也进行取代。
人源化的R3huVK保留了所有的鼠R3 VK的Vernier′s残基,这个事实说明为什么人源化程序不影响Kappa链的结合能力。
含S75/T76或T93的再成型R3hu VH抗体部分恢复结合能力,而那些含它们两者的结构保留了完全的结合活性(图7)。实施例7EGF受体放射性配体竟争试验
通过用人胎盘微粒体部分同源放射受体分析(RRA)进行通过鼠R3,嵌合体的和人源化抗体结合到其受体的125I-EGF的亲和性常数的测定(Macias,A.等人,Interferon Y Biotecnologia 2:115-127,1985)。
使用该技术分析这些嵌合体的和人源化的不同译本抗体结合到EGF-R的能力(图7)。正如所见到的,再成型的人VH区的不同译本导致各种水平的抗原结合(图7)。译本6和7具有与原鼠抗体相同的亲和性,其结合水平最高,其次是译本3、4和5,然后是译本2。
根据这些结果,可能说明在FRs中各个残基的相对分布造成抗原结合。75和76变化同93一起对结合很重要,而引入66和67变化则不能产生明显的抗原结合。实施例8用鼠的、嵌合体和VH突变型抗体免疫接种Cercopithecus aethiops猴
将每组中有二只Cercopithecus aethiops猴的三个治疗组进行如下免疫:1.鼠R3单克隆抗体(2mg),以5mg氢氧化铝作为辅助剂;2.嵌合体R3抗体(2mg),以5mg氢氧化铝作为辅助剂;以及3.人源化(译本6)R3抗体(2mg),以5mg氢氧化铝作为辅助剂。所有组在1、3、5和7周经皮内免疫,从一周开始,从所有组每周采血一次。
通过ELISA技术测定获得的血清和抗EGF-R抗体滴度。
用在碳酸氢盐缓冲剂(pH9.6)中浓度为10ug/ml的鼠R3单克隆抗体覆盖Costar平板(Inc,高结合)并培育过夜。之后,用PBST洗涤平板,在室温在1小时期间用含1%BSA的相同缓冲液中断。
重复洗涤步骤并加入50μl/孔的不同稀释度的血清。在37℃培育2小时后,再洗涤平板,并用碱性磷酸盐结合的羊抗人合体或抗人IgG Fc区特异性抗血清(σ,inc)在37℃培育1小时。用PBST洗涤后,用50ul底物缓冲剂(1mg/ml对硝基苯基磷酸盐,用二乙醇胺缓冲剂(pH9.8)稀释)培育这些孔,并用ELISA读数器(Organon Teknika,inc)读出在405nm处的吸光率。
当使用该抗体作免疫原时,获得对鼠R3抗体的高IgG应答。当用嵌合体抗体免疫猴时,获得低的但还可测的对鼠R3抗体的IgG应答(1/10000),与用人源化的(译本6)获得结果的相反(图8)。用人源化抗体三次免疫后测量无应答。

Claims (6)

1.与表皮生长因子受体特异性结合的单克隆抗体,该单克隆抗体包含一种嵌合抗体,后者包括非人源的可变区和人源的重链和轻链的恒定区,其中抗体的抗原结合位点可变区包含如下氨基酸序列:VKR3D V L M T Q I P L S L P V S L G D Q A S I S C  R S S Q N I V H S N G N T Y L D W Y L Q K P G Q S P N L L I Y  K V S N R F S GV P D R F R G S G S G T D F T L K I S R V E A E D L G V Y Y CF Q Y S H V P W T F G G G T K L E I K R AVHR3Q V Q L Q Q P G A E L V K P G A S V K L S C K AS G Y T F T  N Y Y I Y W V K Q R P G Q G L E W I G  G I N P T  S G G S N F N E K F K T K A T L TV D E S S T T A Y M Q L S S L T S E D S AV Y Y C T R  Q G L W  F D S D G R G F D F W G Q G T T L T V SS
2.与表皮生长因子受体特异性结合的单克隆抗体,该单克隆抗体包含一种人源化抗体,后者包括非人源的互补决定区,人源的含框架区的可变区、和人源的重链和轻链的恒定区,其中互补决定区包含以下氨基酸序列:
VKR3
CDR1   R S S Q N I V H S N G N T Y L D
CDR2   K V S N R F S
CDR3   F Q Y S H V P W T
VHR3
CDR1  N Y Y I Y
CDR2  G I N P T S G G S N F N E K F K T
CDR3  Q G L  W  F D S D G R G F D F
3.根据权利要求2的单克隆抗体,其中与抗原结合位点不相关的可变区的框架区包含以下氨基酸序列:轻键:FR1:asp-ile-gln-met-thr-gln-ser-pro-ser-ser-leu-ser-ala-ser-val-
  gly-asp-arg-val-thr-ile-thr-cys-
  FR2:-trp-tyr-gln-gln-thr-pro-gly-lys-ala-pro-lys-leu-leu-ile-tyr
  FR3;-gly-val-pro-ser-arg-phe-ser-gly-ser-gly-ser-gly-thr-asp-
  phe-thr-phe-thr-ile-ser-ser-leu-gln-pro-glu-asp-ile-ala-thr-tyr-
  tyr-cys-
  FR4 -phe-gly-gln-gly-thr-lys-leu-gln-ile-thr-arg-glu
重链:
FR1:-gln-val-gln-leu-gln-gln-ser-gly-ala-glu-val-lys-lys-pro-gly-
ser-ser-val-lys-val-ser-cys-lys-ala-ser-gly-tyr-thr-phe-thr-
FR2:-trp-val-arg-gln-ala-pro-gly-gln-gly-leu-glu-trp-ile-gly-
FR3:-arg-val-thr-ile-thr-val-asp-glu-ser-thr-asn-thr-ala-tyr-
met-glu-leu-ser-ser-leu-arg-ser-glu-asp-thr-ala-phe-tyr-phe-
cys-ala-arg-
FR4:-trp-gly-gln-gly-ser-thr-val-thr-val-ser-ser-
4.根据权利要求1-3之一的与表皮生长因子受体结合的单克隆抗体,其中该单克隆抗体选自含非人源可变区和人源重链和轻链恒定区的嵌合抗体,和含非人源互补决定区、人源的含框架区的可变区、和人源重链和轻链恒定区的人源化抗体,该单克隆抗体衍生自鼠mAbR3。
5.含有权利要求1-4任一项的单克隆抗体和可药用载体的药物组合物。
6.用于对肿瘤生长确定位置并鉴定的诊断试剂,其含有权利要求1-4任一项的单克隆抗体。
CN95118826A 1994-11-18 1995-11-17 识别表皮生长因子受体的人源化和嵌合体单克隆抗体 Expired - Lifetime CN1054609C (zh)

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