CN103717076B - 含有特定特特拉姆酸衍生物的活性化合物组合物 - Google Patents
含有特定特特拉姆酸衍生物的活性化合物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
- A01N47/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom containing —O—CO—O— groups; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/32—Ingredients for reducing the noxious effect of the active substances to organisms other than pests, e.g. toxicity reducing compositions, self-destructing compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
Abstract
本发明提供了杀虫剂/杀螨剂和除草剂的组合物,其包含有效量的组分(A)和(B),其中组分(A)为一种或多种说明书所列的特特拉姆酸衍生物,(B)为同样说明书所列的除草剂中的一种或多种除草剂,其中,组合物任选地另外包含增强作物植物兼容性的物质(安全剂)。本发明还涉及组合物在控制动物害虫和有害植物中的应用以及涉及相应的方法。
Description
本发明属于作物保护组合物技术领域,其可在例如作物植物中同时对抗有害植物以及动物害虫,如昆虫/红蜘蛛,并含有作为活性化合物的至少一种杀虫剂/杀螨剂和至少一种除草剂的组合物,任选地,还含有增强作物植物兼容性的添加物(安全剂)。
在CanadianJournalofPlantScience(2012),92(2),297-302中,已经描述了在抗草甘膦的大豆中共同施用草甘膦和杀虫剂(如螺虫乙酯)或杀真菌剂。例如,草甘膦与例如螺虫乙酯的箱内混合对抗草甘膦大豆的杂草控制无副作用。
WO98/05638描述了特特拉姆酸衍生物,它们的制备方法以及作为杀虫剂/杀螨剂的应用。对应的顺式异构体描述于WO04/007448。
从WO07/068428可知,可通过添加辅料提高特特拉姆酸衍生物的杀虫/杀螨活性。还已知的是,特特拉姆酸衍生物与其它除草剂组合的除草活性作用,如见于WO06/024411和WO09/007014。
这些杀虫剂/杀螨剂对抗作物植物中的动物害虫的活性,是高水平的;然而,它主要取决于施用率、讨论中的剂型、待控制的相应动物害虫、气候和土壤条件等。另一个标准是杀虫剂/杀螨剂的作用持续时间或降解率。然而,通常情况下,总是需要以较低的活性化合物施用率实现杀虫/杀螨作用的方法。较低的施用率不仅减少了需要施用的活性化合物的用量,并且通常也减少了所需的制剂辅料的用量。同时降低了经济成本也提高了杀虫剂/杀螨剂处理的生态兼容性。
改善杀虫剂/杀螨剂施用情况的一种方法可为将活性化合物与一种或多种除草活性化合物组合。然而,组合使用多种活性化合物,特别是当杀虫剂与除草剂共同使用时,很少会导致出现物理和生物不兼容的现象,例如,共制剂缺乏稳定性、活性化合物降解或活性化合物拮抗。相反,所需要的是活性化合物的组合物和/或其制剂具有令人满意的活性谱、高稳定性以及理想地、协同增效,与待组合的活性化合物单独施用相比,可降低施用率。同样地,优势还可为拓宽活性谱,提高施用灵活性以及快速起效。
意外的是,已经发现某些来自特特拉姆酸衍生物的活性化合物与某些结构不同的除草剂组合,以特别有利的方式共同作用,如当用于适合除草剂的选择性施用的作物植物,这更进一步地使辅料的用量减少,并不必连续喷施除草剂和/或杀虫剂/杀螨剂。这种组合物给使用者提供经济上的优势,且具有很大的生态优势,并且由于一次喷雾过程对作物处理的水和CO2平衡具有积极的作用,从而节省了用于制备喷雾液的水,这在半干旱地区很有优势。
因此,本发明提供了含有有效量的组分(A)和(B)的杀虫剂/杀螨剂和除草剂的组合物,其中
(A)为由下述化合物组成的组(A)中的一种或两种杀虫剂/杀螨剂
(其中,A1是优选的,同样,A2也是优选的),
且
(B)为下述除草剂和植物生长调节剂列表中的一种或多种除草剂:
乙草胺(acetochlor)、活化酯(acibenzolar)、苯并噻二唑(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、三氟羧草醚(acifluorfen)、三氟羧草醚钠盐(acifluorfen-sodium)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、甲草胺(alachlor)、二丙烯草胺(allidochlor)、禾草灭(alloxydim)、禾草灭钠盐(alloxydim-sodium)、莠灭净(ametryne)、胺唑草酮(amicarbazone)、先甲草胺(amidochlor)、酰嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、环丙嘧啶酸(aminocyclopyrachlor)、氨草啶(aminopyralid)、沙草强(amitrole)、氨基磺酸铵(ammoniumsulfamate)、三环苯嘧醇(ancymidol)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、磺草灵(asulam)、莠去津(atrazine)、唑啶草酮(azafenidin)、唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、叠氮津(aziprotryn)、氟丁酰草胺(beflubutamid)、草除灵(benazolin、benazolin-ethyl)、bencarbazone、乙丁氟灵(benfluralin)、呋草黄(benfuresate)、地散磷(bensulide)、苄嘧磺隆(bensulfuron、bensulfuron-methyl)、灭草松(bentazone)、双苯嘧草酮(benzfendizone)、双环磺草酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、氟磺胺草(benzofluor)、新燕灵(benzoylprop)、双环吡喃酮(bicyclopyrone)、甲羧除草醚(bifenox)、双丙氨膦(bialafos)、双丙氨膦钠盐(bilanafos-sodium)、双草醚(bispyribac)、双草醚钠盐(bispyribac-sodium)、除草定(bromacil)、溴丁酰草胺(bromobutide)、溴酚肟(bromofenoxim)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、氯溴隆(bromuron)、特克草(buminafos)、羟草酮(busoxinone)、丁草胺(butachlor)、氟丙嘧草酯(butafenacil)、抑草磷(butamifos)、丁烯草胺(butenachlor)、仲丁灵(butralin)、丁氧环酮(butroxydim)、丁草敌(butylate)、唑草胺(cafenstrole)、双酰草胺(carbetamide)、唑草酮(carfentrazone)、唑酮草酯(carfentrazone-ethyl)、甲氧除草醚(chlomethoxyfen)、草灭畏(chloramben)、炔禾灵(chlorazifop、chlorazifop-butyl)、氯溴隆(chlorbromuron)、氯炔灵(chlorbufam)、伐草克(chlorfenac)、伐草克钠盐(chlorfenac-sodium)、燕麦酯(chlorfenprop)、整形醇(chlorflurenol)、整形素(chlorflurenol-methyl)、氯草敏(chloridazon)、氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron、chlorimuron-ethyl)、矮壮素(chlormequatchloride)、草枯醚(chlornitrofen)、氯酞酰亚胺(chlorophthalim)、氯酞酸甲酯(chlorthal-dimethyl)、绿麦隆(chlorotoluron)、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon、cinidon-ethyl)、环庚草醚(cinmethylin)、醚磺隆(cinosulfuron)、烯草酮(clethodim)、炔草酸(clodinafop)、炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、杀雄嗪酸(clofencet)、异恶草松(clomazone)、氯甲酰草胺(clomeprop)、调果酸(cloprop)、二氯吡啶酸(clopyralid)、氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam、cloransulam-methyl)、苄草隆(cumyluron)、氨基氰(cyanamide)、氰草津(cyanazine)、环丙酰胺酸(cyclanilide)、环草敌(cycloate)、环丙嘧磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、噻草酮(cycloxydim)、环莠隆(cycluron)、氰氟草酯(cyhalofop、cyhalofop-butyl)、莎草快(cyperquat)、环丙津(cyprazine)、环唑塞胺(cyprazole)、2,4-D、2,4-DB、杀草隆(daimuron/dymron)、茅草枯(dalapon)、丁酰肼(daminozide)、棉隆(dazomet)、正癸醇、甜菜安(desmedipham)、敌草净(desmetryn)、detosyl-pyrazolate(DTP)、燕麦敌(diallate)、麦草畏(dicamba)、敌草腈(dichlobenil)、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、精2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop-P)、禾草灵(diclofop、diclofop-methyl)、diclofop-P-methyl、双氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、乙酰甲草胺(diethatyl、diethatyl-ethyl)、枯莠隆(difenoxuron)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、吡氟酰草胺(diflufenican)、二氟吡隆(diflufenzopyr)、二氟吡隆钠盐(diflufenzopyr-sodium)、敌草克(dikegulac-sodium)、噁唑隆(dimefuron)、噁唑隆(dimefuron)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、异戊乙净(dimethametryn)、二甲吩草胺(dimethenamid)、精二甲吩草胺(dimethenamid-P)、噻节因(dimethipin)、醚黄隆(dimetrasulfuron)、氨氟灵(dinitramine)、地乐酚(dinoseb)、特乐酚(dinoterb)、双苯酰草胺(diphenamid)、异丙净(dipropetryn)、敌草快(diquat、diquat-dibromide)、氟硫草定(dithiopyr)、敌草隆(diuron)、DNOC、草止津(eglinazine-ethyl)、茵多酸(endothal)、EPTC、戊草丹(esprocarb)、乙丁烯氟灵(ethalfluralin)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron、ethametsulfuron-methyl)、乙烯利(ethephon)、磺噻隆(ethidimuron)、乙嗪草酮(ethiozin)、乙氧呋草黄(ethofumesate)、氟乳醚(ethoxyfen)、氟乳醚乙酯(ethoxyfen-ethyl)、乙氧嘧磺隆(ethoxysulfuron)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、F-5331即N-[2-氯-4-氟-5-[4-(3-氟丙基)-4,5-二氢-5-氧-1H-四唑-1-基]苯基]乙磺酰胺、F-7967即3-[7-氯-5-氟-2-(三氟甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑-4-基]-1-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)-嘧啶2,4(1H,3H)-二酮、涕丙酸(fenoprop)、噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop)、高噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P)、噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-ethyl)、高噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)、fenoxasulfone、四唑酰草胺(fentrazamide)、非草隆(fenuron)、氟燕灵(flamprop)、强氟燕灵(flamprop-M-isopropyl)、甲氟燕灵(flamprop-M-methyl)、啶嘧磺隆(flazasulfuron)、双氟磺草胺(florasulam)、吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop)、精吡氟禾草灵(fluazifop-P)、吡氟禾草灵丁酯(fluazifop-butyl)、精吡氟禾草灵丁酯(fluazifop-P-butyl)、异丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、氟酮磺隆(flucarbazone)、氟酮磺隆钠盐(flucarbazone-sodium)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、氯乙氟灵(fluchloralin)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet(thiafluamide))、氟哒嗪草酯(flufenpyr、flufenpyr-ethyl)、氟节胺(flumetralin)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac、flumiclorac-pentyl)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、炔草胺(flumipropyn)、氟草隆(fluometuron)、三氟硝草醚(fluorodifen)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen、fluoroglycofen-ethyl)、氟胺草唑(flupoxam)、flupropacil、四氟丙酸(flupropanate)、氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron)、甲基氟啶嘧磺隆钠盐(flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium)、9-羟基芴甲酸(flurenol)、芴丁酯(flurenol-butyl)、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、氟咯草酮(flurochloridone)、氯氟吡氧乙酸(fluroxypyr、fluroxypyr-meptyl)、呋嘧醇(flurprimidol)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、嗪草酸(fluthiacet)、嗪草酸甲酯(fluthiacet-methyl)、噻唑草酰胺(fluthiamide)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、甲酰氨磺隆(foramsulfuron)、氯吡脲(forchlorfenuron)、杀木膦(fosamine)、呋氧草醚(furyloxyfen)、赤霉酸(gibberillicacid)、草铵膦(glufosinate)、草铵膦(glufosinate、glufosinate-ammonium、glufosinate-P、glufosinate-P-ammonium、glufosinate-P-sodium)、草甘膦(glyphosate)、草甘膦异丙胺盐(glyphosate-isopropylammonium)、H-9201即O-(2,4-二甲基-6-硝基苯基)异丙基硫代磷酰胺乙酯、氟硝磺酰胺(halosafen)、氯吡嘧磺隆(halosulfuron、halosulfuron-methyl)、氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop)、精氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop-P)、氟吡禾灵乙氧基乙酯(haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl)、吡氟氯禾灵乙氧基乙酯(haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl)、氟吡禾灵甲酯(haloxyfop-methyl)、吡氟氯禾灵甲酯(haloxyfop-P-methyl)、环嗪酮(hexazinone)、HW-02即(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸1-(二甲氧基磷酰基)乙酯、咪草酸(imazamethabenz,imazamethabenz-methyl)、甲氧咪草烟(imazamox)、甲氧咪草烟铵(imazamox-ammonium)、甲咪唑烟酸(imazapic)、咪唑烟酸(imazapyr)、咪唑烟酸异丙铵盐(imazapyr-isopropylammonium)、咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin)、咪唑喹啉酸铵(imazaquin-ammonium)、咪唑乙烟酸(imazethapyr)、咪唑乙烟酸铵(imazethapyr-ammonium)、唑吡嘧磺隆(imazosulfuron)、抗倒胺(inabenfide)、茚草酮(indanofan)、三嗪茚草胺(indaziflam)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、4-吲哚-3-基丁酸(IBA)、碘甲磺隆(iodosulfuron)、碘甲磺隆钠盐(iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、卤苯胺唑(ipfencarbazone)、丁脒酰胺(isocarbamid)、异丙乐灵(isopropalin)、异丙隆(isoproturon)、异恶隆(isouron)、异恶酰草胺(isoxaben)、异恶氯草酮(isoxachlortole)、异噁唑草酮(isoxaflutole)、异恶草醚(isoxapyrifop)、KUH-043即3-({[5-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]甲基}磺酰基)-5,5-二甲基-4,5-二氢-1,2-噁唑、特胺灵(karbutilate)、ketospiradox、乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)、环草定(lenacil)、利谷隆(linuron)、马来酰肼(maleichydrazide)、MCPA、MCPB、MCPB甲酯、MCPB乙酯、MCPB钠、2-甲-4-氯丙酸(mecoprop)、2-甲-4-氯丙酸钠、2甲4氯丙酸丁酰酯(mecoprop-butotyl)、精2甲4氯丙酸丁酰酯(mecoprop-P-butotyl)、精-2-甲-4-氯丙酸二甲基铵(mecoprop-P-dimethylammonium)、精-2-甲-4-氯丙酸-2-乙基己酯(mecoprop-P-2-ethylhexyl)、精-2-甲-4-氯丙酸钾(mecoprop-P-potassium)、苯噻酰草胺(mefenacet)、氯磺酰草胺(mefluidide)、甲哌啶(mepiquatchloride)、甲磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron、mesosulfuron-methyl)、甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)、甲基苯噻隆(methabenzthiazuron)、威百亩(metam)、噁唑酰草胺(metamifop)、苯嗪草酮(metamitron)、吡唑草胺(metazachlor)、双醚氯吡嘧磺隆(metazasulfuron)、灭草唑(methazole)、甲硫嘧磺隆(methiopyrsulfuron)、methiozolin、苯草酮(methoxyphenone)、甲基杀草隆(methyldymron)、1-甲基环丙烯、异硫氰酸甲酯、吡喃隆(metobenzuron)、溴谷隆(metobromuron)、异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)、精异丙甲草胺(S-metolachlor)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、嗪草酮(metribuzin)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron、metsulfuron-methyl)、禾草敌(molinate)、庚酰草胺(monalide)、单脲(monocarbamide)、硫酸二氢单脲(monocarbamidedihydrogensulphate)、绿谷隆(monolinuron)、单嘧磺隆(monosulfuron)、单嘧磺酯(monosulfuronesters)、灭草隆(monuron)、MT128即6-氯-N-[(2E)-3-氯丙-2-烯-1-基]-5-甲基-N-苯基哒嗪-3-胺、MT-5950即N-[3-氯-4-(1-甲基乙基)苯基]-2-甲基戊酰胺、NGGC-011、萘丙胺(naproanilide)、敌草胺(napropamide)、萘草胺(naptalam)、NC310即4-(2,4-二氯苯甲酰基)-1-甲基-5-苄氧基吡唑、草不隆(neburon)、烟嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、氟氯草胺(nipyraclofen)、甲磺乐灵(nitralin)、除草醚(nitrofen)、硝基酚钠(异构体混合物)、硝氟草醚(nitrofluorfen)、壬酸、氟草敏(norflurazon)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、嘧苯胺磺隆(orthosulfamuron)、氨磺乐灵(oryzalin)、丙炔恶草酮(oxadiargyl)、恶草酮(oxadiazon)、环氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、恶嗪草酮(oxaziclomefone)、乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)、多效唑(paclobutrazole)、百草枯(paraquat、paraquatdichloride)、壬酸、二甲戊灵(pendimethalin)、pendralin、五氟磺草胺(penoxsulam)、甲氯酰草胺(pentanochlor)、环戊恶草酮(pentoxazone)、黄草伏(perfluidone)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、棉胺宁(phenisopham)、甜菜宁(phenmedipham、phenmedipham-ethyl)、氨氯吡啶酸(picloram)、氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、哌草磷(piperophos)、pirifenop、pirifenop-butyl、丙草胺(pretilachlor)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron、primisulfuron-methyl)、烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)、氟唑草胺(profluazole)、环丙氰津(procyazine)、氨氟乐灵(prodiamine)、环丙氟灵(prifluraline)、环苯草酮(profoxydim)、调环酸(prohexadione)、调环酸钙(prohexadione-calcium)、茉莉酮(prohydrojasmone)、扑灭通(prometon)、扑草净(prometryn)、毒草胺(propachlor)、敌稗(propanil)、恶草酸(propaquizafop)、扑灭津(propazine)、苯胺灵(propham)、异丙草胺(propisochlor)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)、丙苯磺隆钠盐(propoxycarbazone-sodium)、嗪咪唑嘧磺隆(propyrisulfuron)、炔苯酰草胺(propyzamide)、磺亚胺草(prosulfalin)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、氟磺隆(prosulfuron)、丙炔草胺(prynachlor)、双唑草腈(pyraclonil)、吡草醚(pyraflufen、pyraflufen-ethyl)、磷酰草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)、吡唑特(pyrazolynate(pyrazolate))、吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron、pyrazosulfuron-ethyl))、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen)、丙酯草醚(pyribambenz)、异丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-isopropyl)、丙酯草醚(pyribambenz-propyl)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、稗草丹(pyributicarb)、pyridafol、哒草特(pyridate)、环酯草醚(pyriftalid)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac)、嘧草醚钠盐(pyriminobac-methyl)、嘧磺草胺(pyrimisulfan)、嘧草硫醚(pyrithiobac)、嘧草硫醚钠盐(pyrithiobac-sodium)、pyroxasulfone、甲氧磺胺(pyroxsulam)、二氯喹啉酸(quinchlorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、灭藻醌(quinoclamine)、喹禾灵(quizalofop)、喹禾灵乙酯(quizalofop-ethyl)、精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P)、精喹禾灵乙酯(quizalofop-P-ethyl)、喹禾糠酯(quizalofop-P-tefuryl)、砜嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、嘧啶肟草醚(saflufenacil)、仲丁通(secbumeton)、烯禾啶(sethoxydim)、环草隆(siduron)、西玛津(simazine)、草净(simetryn)、SN-106279即(2R)-2-({7-[2-氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-2-萘基}氧基)丙酸甲酯、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、菜草畏(sulf-allate(CDEC))、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron、sulfometuron-methyl)、草硫膦(sulfosate(glyphosate-trimesium))、磺酰磺隆(sulfosulfuron)、SYN-523、SYP-249即5-[2-氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-2-硝基苯甲酸1-乙氧基-3-甲基-1-氧代丁-3-烯-2-酯、SYP-300即1-[7-氟-3-氧代-4-(丙-2-炔-1-基)-3,4-二氢-2H-1,4-苯并噁唑-6-基]-3-丙基-2-硫代咪唑啉-4,5-二酮、牧草胺(tebutam)、丁噻隆(tebuthiuron)、四氧硝基苯(tecnazene)、特糠酯酮(tefuryltrione)、环磺酮(tembotrione)、吡喃草酮(tepraloxydim)、特草定(terbacil)、特草灵(terbucarb)、特丁草胺(terbuchlor)、特丁通(terbumeton)、特丁津(terbuthylazine)、特丁净(terbutryn)、噻吩草胺(thenylchlor)、thiafluamide、噻氟隆(thiazafluron)、噻唑烟酸(thiazopyr)、噻二唑草胺(thidiazimin)、噻苯隆(thidiazuron)、噻酮磺隆(thiencarbazone、thiencarbazone-methyl)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron、thifensulfuron-methyl)、禾草丹(thiobencarb)、仲草丹(tiocarbazil)、苯吡唑草酮、三甲苯草酮(tralkoxydim)、氟酮磺草胺(triafamone)、野燕畏(triallate)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、三嗪氟草胺(triaziflam)、triazofenamide、苯磺隆(tribenuron、tribenuron-methyl)、三氯乙酸(TCA)、三氯吡氧乙酸(triclopyr)、灭草环(tridiphane)、草达津(trietazine)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron)、三氟啶磺隆钠盐(trifloxysulfuron-sodium)、氟乐灵(trifluralin)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron)、氟胺磺隆甲酯(triflusulfuron-methyl)、三甲隆(trimeturon)、抗倒酯(trinexapac、trinexapac-ethyl)、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)、tsitodef、烯效唑(uniconazole)、精烯效唑(uniconazole-P)、灭草敌(vernolate)、ZJ-0862即3,4-二氯-N-{2-[(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-基)氧基]苄基}苯胺,以及以下化
优选组(B1)~(B4),
含有主要活性在于对抗单子叶有害植物的除草剂的组(B-1),选自下述组成的化合物(以“通用名”列举,参考文献如“ThePesticideManual”13thEd.,BritishCropProtectionCouncil2003,简称“PM”)
(B1.1)唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)(WO99/47525),例如2,2-二甲基-丙酸8-(2,6-二乙基-4-甲基苯基)-1,2,4,5-四氢-7-氧代-7H-吡唑[1,2-d][1,4,5]氧二氮卓-9-基酯
(B1.2)禾草灵(diclofop-methyl)(PM,pp.293-295),例如2-(4-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)丙酸甲酯
(B1.3)炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)(PM,pp.186-187),例如2-[4-[(5-氯-3-氟-2-吡啶基)氧基]苯氧基]丙酸(R)-(2-丙炔基)酯
(B1.4)氰氟草酯(cyhalofop-butyl)(PM,pp.229-232),例如2-[4-(4-氰基-2-氟苯氧基)苯氧基]丙酸(R)-丁酯
(B1.5)高噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)(PM,pp.414-417),例如2-[4-[(6-氯-2-苯并噁唑基)氧基]苯氧基]丙酸(R)-乙酯
(B1.6)精氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop-P)(PM,pp.52-527)和其酯类,例如2-[4-[[3-氯-5-(三氟甲基)-2-吡啶基]氧基]苯氧基]丙酸(R)-甲酯
(B1.7)精吡氟禾草灵丁酯(fluazifop-P-butyl)(PM,pp.444-446),例如2-[4-[[5-(三氟甲基)-2-吡啶基]氧基]苯氧基]丙酸(R)-丁酯
(B1.8)精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P)(PM,pp.876-878)和其酯类,例如2-[4-(6-氯-2-喹喔啉基氧基)苯氧基]丙酸乙酯
(B1.9)烯禾啶(sethoxydim)(PM,pp.887-888),例如(+-)-2-[1-(乙氧基亚氨基)丁基]-5-[2-(硫代乙基)丙基]-3-羟基-2-环己烯-1-酮
(B1.10)烯草酮(clethodim)(PM,pp.185-186),例如(E,E)-(+)-2-[1-[[(3-氯-2-丙烯基)氧基]亚氨基]丙基]-5-[2-(硫代乙基)丙基]-3-羟基-2-环己烯-1-酮
(B1.11)吡喃草酮(tepraloxydim)(PM,pp.936-937),例如2-[1-[[[(2E)-3-氯-2-丙烯基]氧基]亚氨基]丙基]-3-羟基-5-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)-2-环己烯-1-酮
(B1.12)甲磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron-methyl)(PM,pp.630-632),例如2-[[[[(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]-4-[[(甲基磺酰基)氨基]甲基]苯甲酸甲酯
(B1.13)碘甲磺隆(iodosulfuron-methyl)和其盐类(PM,pp.573-574),例如4-碘-2-[[[[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]苯甲酸甲酯、单钠盐
(B1.14)黄酰磺隆(sulfosulfuron)(PM,pp.913-915),例如N-[[(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]-羰基]-2-(乙基磺酰基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-磺酰胺
(B1.15)甲基氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron-methyl)和其盐类(PMpp.470-473),例如2-[[[[(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]-6-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶甲酸甲酯、单钠盐
(B1.16)四唑酰草胺(fentrazamide)(PM,pp.427-428),例如4-(2-氯苯基)-N-环己基-N-乙基-4,5-二氢-5-氧代-1H-四唑-1-甲酰胺
(B1.17)苯噻酰草胺(mefenacet)(PM,pp.621-622),例如2-(2-苯并噻唑基氧基)-N-甲基-N-苯乙酰胺
(B1.18)咪草酸(imazamethabenz-methyl)(PM,pp.551-552),例如2-[4,5-二氢-4-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-咪唑-2-基]-4(或5)–甲基苯甲酸甲酯
(B1.19)咪唑乙烟酸(imazethapyr)(PM,pp.558-560),例如2-[4,5-二氢-4-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-咪唑并-2-基]-5-乙基-3-吡啶甲酸
(B1.20)甲氧咪草烟(imazamox)(PM,pp.552-553),例如2-[4,5-二氢-4-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-咪唑并-2-基]-5-(甲氧基甲基)-3-吡啶甲酸
(B1.21)呋草酮(flurtamone)(PM,pp.482-483),例如5-(甲基氨基)-2-苯基-4-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-3(2H)-呋喃酮
(B1.22)异丙隆(isoproturon)(PM,pp.584–585),例如N,N-二甲基-N'-[4-(1-甲基乙基)苯基]脲
(B1.23)二氯喹啉酸(quinclorac)(PM,pp.869-870),例如3,7-二氯-8-喹啉甲酸
以及
含有主要活性在于对抗禾本科和双子叶有害植物的除草剂的组(B-2),选自下述组成的化合物(以“通用名”列举,参考文献如“ThePesticideManual”13thEd.,BritishCropProtectionCouncil2003,简称“PM”)
(B2.1)2,4-DB(PM,pp.264-266)及其酯类和盐类,例如(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸
(B2.2)麦草畏(dicamba)(PM,pp.278-280)及其酯类和盐类,例如3,6-二氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸
(B2.3)异噁草酮(clomazone)(PM,p.191),例如2-[(2-氯苯基)甲基]-4,4-二甲基-3-异噁唑啉酮
(B2.4)三氯吡氧乙酸(triclopyr)(PM,pp.1001-1002)及其盐类和酯类,例如[(3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶基)氧基]乙酸
(B2.5)氟草烟(fluroxypyr)及其盐类和酯类(PM,pp.478-481),例如(4-氨基-3,5-二氯-6-氟-2-吡啶基)氧基乙酸1-甲基庚基酯
(B2.6)噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron-methyl)(PM,pp.963-965),例如3-[[[[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]-2-噻吩甲酸甲酯
(B2.7)嘧酰磺隆(amidosulfuron)(PM,pp.27-28),例如N-[[[[(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]-羰基]氨基]磺酰基]-N-甲基-甲烷磺酰胺
(B2.8)苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl)(PM,pp.996-998),例如2-[[[[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)甲基氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]苯甲酸甲酯
(B2.9)甲磺隆(metsulfuron-methyl)(PMpp.677-678),例如2-[[[[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]苯甲酸甲酯
(B2.10)氨氯吡啶酸(picloram)和及其盐类和酯类(PMpp.782-785),例如4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶甲酸
(B2.11)唑酮草酯(carfentrazone-ethyl)(PMpp.143-144),例如a,2-二氯-5-[4-(二氟甲基)-4,5-二氢-3-甲基-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]-4-氟苯基丙酸乙酯
(B2.12)chlopyralid(PM,pp.194-195),例如3,6-二氯-2-吡啶甲酸
(B2.13)batafenacil(PM,pp.120-121),例如2-氯-5-[3,6-二氢-3-甲基-2,6-二氧代-4-(三氟甲基)-1(2H)-嘧啶基]-苯甲酸1,1-二甲基-2-氧代-2-(2-丙烯基氧基)乙酯
(B2.14)异噁草胺(isoxaben)(PM,pp.587-588),例如N-[3-(1-乙基-1-甲基丙基)-5-异噁唑基]-2,6-二甲氧基苯甲酰胺
(B2.15)噻草啶(thiazopyr)(PM,pp.961-962),例如2-(二氟甲基)-5-(4,5-二氢-2-噻唑基)-4-(2-甲基丙基)-6-(三氟甲基)-3-吡啶甲酸甲酯
(B2.16)呋草酮(flurtamone)(PM,pp.482-483),例如5-(甲基氨基)-2-苯基-4-[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-3(2H)-呋喃酮
(B2.17)苯草醚(aclonifen)(PM,p.13),例如2-氯-6-硝基-3-苯氧基苯胺
(B2.18)乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)(PM,pp.596-597),例如5-[2-氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-2-硝基苯甲酸2-乙氧基-1-甲基-2-氧代乙基酯
(B2.19)氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)(PM,pp.492-493),例如5-[2-氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-N-(甲基磺酰基)-2-硝基苯甲酰胺
(B2.20)氯嘧磺隆(chlorimuron-ethyl)(PM,pp.161-162),2-[[[[(4-氯-6-甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]苯甲酸乙酯
(B2.21)甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)(PM,pp.631-632),2-[4-(甲基磺酰基)-2-硝基苯甲酰基]-1,3-环己二酮
(B2.22)磺草酮(sulcotrione)(PM,pp.908-909),例如2-[2-氯-4-(甲基磺酰基)苯甲酰基]-1,3-环己二酮
(B2.23)
(见WO01/74785)
(B2.24)
(见WO01/74785)
(B2.25)溴草腈(bromoxynil)(PM,pp.111-113)及其盐类和酯类,例如3,5-二溴-4-羟基苄腈
(B2.26)碘苯腈(ioxynil)(PM,pp.574-576)和其酯类和盐类,例如4-羟基-3,5-二碘苄腈
(B2.27)吡氟酰草胺(diflufenican)(PM,pp.310-311),例如N-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-3-吡啶甲酰胺
(B2.28)氟吡酰草胺(picolinafen)(PM,pp.785-786),例如N-(4-氟苯基)-6-[3-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]-2-吡啶甲酰胺
(B2.29)chloransulam(US5,163,995)及其酯类和盐类,例如3-氯-2-[[(5-乙氧基-7-氟[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-c]嘧啶-2-基)磺酰胺基]苯甲酸甲酯
(B2.30)咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin)(Los,M.etal.,Abstr.Pap.184thACSNat.Meet.,KansasCity,Sept.12-17th,1982,Ref.Pest21),例如2-[4,5-二氢-4-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-咪唑并-2-基]-3-喹啉甲酸
(B2.31)三氟啶磺酰(trifloxysulfuron)和其盐类(S.Howardetal.,BCPC-Weeds,2001,Brighton,Vol.1,29-34),例如N-[[(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]羰基]-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-2-吡啶磺酰胺,单钠盐
以及
含有主要活性在于对抗双子叶有害植物的除草剂的组(B-3),选自下述组成的化合物(以“通用名”列举,参考文献如“ThePesticideManual”13thEd.,BritishCropProtectionCouncil2003,简称“PM”)
(B3.1)甲酰胺磺隆(foramsulfuron)(PM,pp.494-495),例如2-[[[[(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]-4-(甲酰基氨基)-N,N-二甲基苯甲酰胺
(B3.2)碘甲磺隆(iodosulfuron-methyl)和其盐类(PM,pp.573-574),例如4-碘-2-[[[[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]苯甲酸甲酯、单钠盐
(B3.3)磺酰磺隆(sulfosulfuron)(PM,pp.913-915),例如N-[[(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]羰基]-2-(乙基磺酰基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-3-磺酰胺
(B3.4)胺唑草酮(amicarbazone)(PM,pp.26-27),例如4-氨基-N-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-4,5-二氢-3-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-甲酰胺
(B3.5)丙苯磺隆钠盐(propoxycarbazone-sodium)(PM,pp.831-832),例如2-[[[(4,5-二氢-4-甲基-5-氧代-3-丙氧基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)羰基]氨基]磺酰基]苯甲酸甲酯、钠盐
(B3.6)氟唑磺隆钠盐(flucarbazone-sodium)(PM,pp.447-448),例如4,5-二氢-3-甲氧基-4-甲基-5-氧代-N-[[2-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]磺酰基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-甲酰胺、钠盐
(B3.7)氟噻草胺(flufenacet)(PM,pp.454-455),例如N-(4-氟苯基)-N-(1-甲基乙基)-2-[[5-(三氟甲基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]氧基]乙酰胺
(B3.8)嗪草酮(metribuzin)(PM,pp.675–676),例如4-氨基-6-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-3-(甲硫基)-1,2,4-三嗪-5(4H)-酮
(B3.9)酰苯磺隆(triasulfuron)(PM,pp.990–991),例如2-(2-氯乙氧基)-N-[[(4-甲氧基-6-甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]羰基]苯磺酰胺
(B3.10)萘丙胺(naproanilide)(PM,pp.695–696),例如2-(2-萘基氧基)-N-苯基丙酰胺
(B3.11)灭草烟(imazapyr)(PM,pp.555–556),例如2-[4,5-二氢-4-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙基)-5-氧代-1H-咪唑并-2-基]-3-吡啶甲酸
(B3.12)草硫磷(sulfosate)(EP-A54382),例如三甲基锍草双甘膦
(B3.13)西玛津(simazine)(PM,pp.891-892),例如6-氯-N,N'-二乙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺
(B3.14)氟乐灵(trifluralin)(PM,pp.1012-1014),例如2,6-二硝基-N,N-二丙基-4-(三氟甲基)苯胺
(B3.15)二甲戊乐灵(pendimethalin)(PM,pp.752–753),例如N-(1-乙基丙基)-3,4-二甲基-2,6-二硝基苯胺
(B3.16)丙炔噁草酮(oxadiargyl)(PM,pp.725–726),例如3-[2,4-二氯-5-(2-丙炔基氧基)苯基]-5-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-1,3,4-噁二唑-2(3H)-酮
(B.3.17)氟磺乐灵(oryzalin)(PM,pp.723–724),例如4-(二丙基氨基)-3,5-二硝基苯磺酰胺
(B3.18)啶嘧磺隆(flazasulfuron)(PM,pp.437–438),例如N-[[(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]羰基]-3-(三氟甲基)-2-吡啶磺酰胺
(B3.19)甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron-methyl)(PM,pp.912–913),例如2-[[[[(4,6-二甲基-2-嘧啶基)氨基]羰基]氨基]磺酰基]苯甲酸甲酯
(B3.20)吡唑草胺(metazachlor)(PM,pp.641-642),例如2-氯-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-N-(1H-吡唑-1-基甲基)乙酰胺
(B3.21)异丙甲草胺(metolachlor)(PM,pp.668-669),2-氯-N-(2-乙基-6-甲基苯基)-N-(2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基)乙酰胺
(B3.22)精异丙甲草胺(S-metolachlor)(PM,pp.669–670),例如(S)-2-氯-N-(2-乙基-6-甲基苯基)-N-(2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基)乙酰胺
(B3.23)甲草胺(alachlor)(PM,pp.17-19),例如2-氯-N-(2,6-二乙基苯基)-N-(甲氧基甲基)乙酰胺
(B3.24)莠去津(atrazine)(PM,pp.39–41),例如6-氯-N-乙基-N'-(1-甲基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺
(B3.25)异噁唑草酮(isoxaflutole)(PM,pp.589–590),例如(5-环丙基-4-异噁唑基)[2-(甲基磺酰基)-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]甲酮
(B3.26)氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)(PM,pp.870–871),例如7-氯-3-甲基-8-喹啉甲酸
(B3.27)氯烯草酸(flumiclorac-pentyl)(PM,pp.460–461),例如[2-氯-4-氟-5-(1,3,4,5,6,7-六氢-1,3-二氧-2H-异吲哚-2-基)苯氧基]乙酸戊酯
(B3.28)二氯喹啉酸(quinclorac)(PMpp.869–870),例如3,7-二氯-8-喹啉甲酸
(B3.29)
(B3.30)
(见WO00/21924)
(B3.31)
(见WO00/21924)
(B3.32)
(见WO00/21924)
(B3.33)
(见WO00/21924)
(B3.34)
(见WO01/094339)
(B3.35)
(见WO01/094339)
(B3.36)
(见WO96/26206)
(B3.37)嘧硫草醚(pyrithiobac)及其酯类和盐类(BCPC-Weeds,Brighton,1991,Vol.1,57),例如2-氯-6-[(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)硫代]苯甲酸钠
以及
含有主要的非选择性除草剂的组(B-4),选自下述组成的化合物(以“通用名”列举,参考文献如“ThePesticideManual”13thEd.,BritishCropProtectionCouncil2003,简称“PM”)
(B4.1)草甘膦(glyphosate),例如N-(膦酰基甲基)甘氨酸,优选用作草甘膦异丙胺盐、增甘膦钠、草甘膦三甲硫盐(PM,pp.513–516)
(B4.2)草铵膦(glufosinate),还包括精草铵膦,例如4-[羟基(甲基)膦酰基]-DL-高丙氨酸、4-[羟基(甲基)膦酰基]-L-高丙氨酸,分别优选用作草铵膦铵盐和精草铵膦铵盐(PM,pp.511–512)
(B4.3)乙氧氟草醚(oxyfluorfen)(PM,pp.738–739),例如2-氯-1-(3-乙氧基-4-硝基苯氧基)-4-(三氟甲基)苯
(B4.4)敌草隆(diuron)(PM,pp.347–348),例如N'-(3,4-二氯苯基)-N,N-二甲脲
(B4.5)MSMA,例如甲基胂酸一钠
(B4.6)除草定(bromacil)(PM,pp.106–107),例如5-溴-6-甲基-3-(1-甲基丙基)-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮
(B4.7)氟草敏(norflurazon)(PM,pp.711–712),4-氯-5-(甲基氨基)-2[3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-3(2H)-哒嗪酮
(B4.8)唑啶草酮(azafenidin)(DE-A2801429),例如2-[2,4-二氯-5-(2-丙炔基氧基)苯基]-5,6,7,8-四氢-1,2,4-三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-3(2H)-酮
(B4.9)丁噻隆(tebuthiuron)(PM,pp.929–930),例如N-[5-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]-N,N'-二甲脲。
在说明书的上下文中,如果使用活性化合物的简写形式的“通用名”,那么其包括所有常规衍生物,例如酯类、盐类和异构体,特别是光学异构体,尤其是市售形式。如果“通用名”是指酯或盐,那么在各种情况下,其也包括所有其他常规衍生物,如其它酯类和盐类、游离酸和中性化合物以及异构体,特别是光学异构体,尤其是市售形式。给定的化学化合物的名称是指至少一种“通用名”所包含的化合物,通常是指优选的化合物。以磺酰胺,如磺酰脲为例,盐还包括以在磺酰胺基上的氢原子交换阳离子而形成的盐。
当使用本发明的杀虫剂/杀螨剂和除草剂的组合物时,组(B1)的除草剂特别适合用于控制单子叶有害植物,组(B2)的除草剂特别适合用于控制杂草和双子叶有害植物,组(B3)的除草剂特别适合用于控制双子叶有害植物,组(B4)的除草剂特别适合非选择性地控制有害植物或转基因作物中的有害植物。
本发明的杀虫剂/杀螨剂和除草剂的组合物包含杀虫/杀螨有效量的组分(A)和除草有效量的组分(B),并且可以包含其它组分,例如不同种类的农用化学活性化合物和/或作物保护中常规的添加剂和/或制剂助剂,或可与这些化合物一起使用。优选的杀虫剂/杀螨剂和除草剂的组合物包含协同增效有效量的组分(A)和(B)。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明的杀虫剂/杀螨剂和除草剂的组合物具有协同增效作用。例如,当市售活性化合物(A)和(B)的制剂一起施用时,能观察到协同增效作用。
协同增效作用可减少杀虫/杀螨特特拉姆酸和衍生物的施用率,在相同的施用率下更高效,和/或降低所需的单独施用的次数,,因此,对于使用者来说,在经济上和生态上改善了杂草控制期间对动物害虫的控制。
例如,本发明的组(A)的杀虫活性/杀螨活性化合物和组(B)的除草剂的组合物可在某种程度上协同提高活性,到目前为止,意外地超过了单独的活性化合物(A)和(B)的制剂所达到的活性。
组(A)和(B)中提及的化学式包括所有立体异构体和它们的混合物,特别是外消旋混合物,以及各自的具有生物活性的对映异构体(如果可能有对映异构体的话)。
组(A)的化合物描述于一开始就提到的公开的出版物中。
组(B)的化合物为已知的除草剂。下述组成员为特别优选作为组分(A)的化合物的混合成员:
组(B1):禾草灵(diclofop-methyl)(B1.2);高噁唑禾草灵(fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)(B1.5),精氟吡禾灵(haloxyfop-P)(B1.6),精喹禾灵(quizalofop-P)(B1.8),烯禾啶(sethoxydim)(B1.9),烯草酮(clethodim)(B1.10),咪唑乙烟酸(imazethapyr)(B1.19),甲氧咪草烟(imazamox)(B1.20)。
组(B2):异噁草酮(clomazone)(B2.3),乳氟禾草灵(lactofen)(B2.18),氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)(B2.19),溴草腈(bromoxynil)(B2.25),碘苯腈(ioxynil)(B2.26),吡氟酰草胺(diflufenican)(B2.27),chloransulam(B2.29),咪唑喹啉酸(imazaquin)(B2.30),三氟啶磺酰(trifloxysulfuron)(B2.31)。
组(B3):嘧硫草醚(pyrithiobac)(B3.37)。
组(B4):草甘膦(B4.1),草铵膦(B4.2)。
优选草甘膦(B4.1)。同样优选的是草铵膦(B4.2)。
特别优选下述组合物:(A1+B4.1),(A1+B4.2),(A2+B4.1),(A2+B4.2)。
优选的杀虫剂/杀螨剂和除草剂的组合物包含一种或多种杀虫剂/杀螨剂(A)和一种或多种除草剂(B),优选来自组(B1)或(B2),(B3)或(B4)。更优选下述的杀虫剂/杀螨剂(A)和一种或多种除草剂(B)的组合物:(A)+(B1)+(B2),(A)+(B1)+(B3),(A)+(B1)+(B4),(A)+(B2)+(B3),(A)+(B2)+(B4),(A)+(B3)+(B4)。
更特别优选的混合物为:
BackdraftSL(草甘膦+咪唑喹啉酸)
CanopyEX(tribenzuron+氯嘧磺隆)
CanopyXL(甲磺草胺+氯嘧磺隆)
Extreme(草甘膦+咪唑烟酸)
FlexstarGT(草甘膦+氟磺胺草醚)
Fusion(吡氟禾草灵+噁唑禾草灵)
Prefix(氟磺胺草醚+精异丙甲草胺)
ScepterO.T.(咪唑喹啉酸+三氟羧草醚)
SelectMax(烯草酮+草甘膦)
Sequence(草甘膦+精异丙甲草胺)
Squadron(咪唑喹啉酸+二甲戊乐灵)
Storm4S(灭草松+三氟羧草醚)
Suprend(三氟啶磺隆+扑草净)
此外,活性化合物组合物(混合物)还可包含杀真菌活性、杀螨活性或杀虫活性的添加组分。
组(A)和(B)的活性化合物的施用率可在较宽的范围内变化,如0.001~8kgAS/ha。本说明书中的简称AS/ha应理解为以100%的纯化合物计,“每公顷的活性物质”。
在本发明组(A)和(B1)的化合物的组合物中,组(B1)的化合物的通常的施用率为0.001~1.5kgAS/ha,优选0.005~1.2kgAS/ha。在组(A)和(B)的化合物的其它组合物中,组(B)的化合物的通常的施用率为0.001~8kgAS/ha,优选0.005~5kgAS/ha。在本发明的组合物中,组(A)的化合物或组(A)的化合物优选的施用率为1~200gAS/ha。
组(A)的化合物与组(B1)的化合物的混合比例有利地为1:1500~120:1,优选1:400~18:1。组(A)的化合物与组(B2)、(B3)或(B4)的化合物的混合比例有利地为1:8000~800:1,优选1:100~100:1。
当在作物植物中使用组(B)的活性化合物时,根据作物植物,可有利地在特定的施用率下施用安全剂,以降低或避免有可能对植物造成的损害。这种安全剂对于本领域技术人员来说是已知的。特别适合的安全剂为解草嗪、解草酯、啶酰菌胺、二氯丙烯胺、解草啶、解草唑、解草噁唑、双苯噁唑酸、吡唑解草酸、4-(二氯乙酰基)-1-氧杂-4-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷(MON4660,CAS71526-07-3)、2,2,5-三甲基-3-(二氯乙酰基)-1,3-噁唑烷(R-29148,CAS52836-31-4)。优选啶酰菌胺、双苯噁唑酸、吡唑解草酸。
施用率为1-1000gai/ha,优选2-500gai/ha。
任选地,描述的活性化合物组合物(混合物)可包含安全剂。这也包括在本发明内。
通常将活性化合物配制成水溶可湿性粉剂(WP)、水可分散粒剂(WDG)、水乳粒剂(WEG)、悬浮剂(SE)或油悬浮浓缩剂(SC)。
优选在一年生作物,如蔬菜、瓜类、观赏植物、谷类、玉米、大豆、棉花、油菜、马铃薯、甜菜、甘蔗、向日葵、咖啡、茶中使用本发明的杀虫剂/杀螨剂和除草剂的组合物,任选还可使用安全剂。
仅以通用方式描述的用于保护的作物以下述更为详细和具体的方式进行说明。因此,至于使用的蔬菜应理解为,如水果蔬菜、花朵蔬菜,如灯笼椒、胡椒、西红柿、茄子、黄瓜、葫芦、西葫芦、蚕豆、红花菜豆、矮菜豆、豌豆,洋蓟;以及叶用蔬菜,如生菜、菊苣、苦苣、水芹、芝麻菜、结业草(fieldsalad),球生菜,韭菜,菠菜,瑞士甜菜;
还有块茎类蔬菜、根用蔬菜和茎用蔬菜,例如芹菜、甜菜、胡萝卜、水萝卜、山葵、鸦葱、芦笋、甜菜、棕榈笋、竹笋,以及鳞茎类蔬菜,如洋葱、韭菜、茴香、大蒜;
还有芸薹属蔬菜,如菜花、西兰花、甘蓝,红甘蓝、包心菜、绿包心菜、皱叶甘蓝、抱子甘蓝、大白菜。
至于使用的谷类作物应当理解为,如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、黑小麦、以及小米和大米。
本发明还涉及提高转基因植物生产潜能利用率的方法,其特征在于,用有效量的本发明活性化合物的组合物处理植物。已知的是,用式(I)的化合物处理可提高转基因植物的生产潜能(WO2009/132779)。用本发明的活性化合物的组合物处理可增强这种效果。
本发明的活性化合物的组合物(混合物),任选还使用安全剂,适合用于保护植物和植物器官,增加收获产量,提高收获的物质的质量以及控制动物害虫,特别是农业中遇到的昆虫、蛛形纲动物和线虫,并且它们能被植物很好地耐受,具有有利的恒温动物毒性并且可被环境很好地耐受。它们优选用作作物保护组合物。它们对敏感的和有抗性的物种均有活性,对所有的或单独的发育阶段均有活性。
特别是,上述害虫包括来自以下的害虫:
蛛形纲(Arachnida),例如,粉螨种类(Acarus.spp.)、柑橘瘤瘿螨(Aceriasheldoni)、刺皮瘿螨属种类(Aculopsspp.)、针刺瘿螨属种类(Aculusspp.)、花蜱属种类(Amblyommaspp.)、山楂叶螨(Amphitetranychusviennensis)、锐缘蜱属种类(Argasspp.)、牛蜱属种类(Boophilusspp.)、短须螨属种类(Brevipalpusspp.)、苜蓿苔螨(Bryobiapraetiosa)、皮螨属种类(Chorioptesspp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssusgallinae)、始叶螨属种类(Eotetranychusspp.)、梨上瘿螨(Epitrimeruspyri)、真叶螨属种类(Eutetranychusspp.)、瘿螨属种类(Eriophyesspp.)、红腿地螨(Halotydeusdestructor)、半跗线螨属种类(Hemitarsonemusspp.)、璃眼蜱属种类(Hyalommaspp.)、硬蜱属种类(Ixodesspp.)、黑寡妇蜘蛛(Latrodectusmactans)、瘤叶螨属种类(Metatetranychusspp.)、Nuphersaspp.、小爪螨属种类(Oligonychusspp.)、钝缘蜱属种类(Ornithodorosspp.)、全爪螨属种类(Panonychusspp.)、桔芸锈螨(Phyllocoptrutaoleivora)、侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemuslatus)、痒螨属种类(Psoroptesspp.)、扇头蜱属种类(Rhipicephalusspp.)、根螨属种类(Rhizoglyphusspp.)、疥螨属种类(Sarcoptesspp.)、中东金蝎(Scorpiomaurus)、细螨属种类(Stenotarsonemusspp.)、跗线螨属种类(Tarsonemusspp.)、叶螨属种类(Tetranychusspp.)、背瘤瘦螨(Vasateslycopersici)。
异翅目(Heteroptera),例如,南瓜缘蝽(Anasatristis)、拟丽蝽属种类(Antestiopsisspp.)、土长蝽属种类(Blissusspp.)、俊盲蝽属种类(Calocorisspp.)、斑腿微剌盲蝽(Campylommalivida)、异背长蝽属种类(Caveleriusspp.)、臭虫属种类(Cimexspp.)、白瓣麦寄蝇属种类(Collariaspp.)、绿盲蝽(Creontiadesdilutes)、胡椒缘蝽(Dasynuspiperis)、Dichelopsfurcatus、厚氏长棒网蝽(Diconocorishewetti)、棉红蝽属种类(Dysdercusspp.)、美洲蝽属种类(Euschistusspp.)、扁盾蝽属种类(Eurygasterspp.)、锤盲蝽属种类(Heliopeltisspp.)、Horciasnobilellus、稻缘蝽属种类(Leptocorisaspp.)、叶喙缘蝽(Leptoglossusphyllopus)、草盲蝽属种类(Lygusspp.)、蔗黑长蝽(Macropesexcavatus)、盲蝽科(Miridae)、金光绿盲蝽(Monalonionatratum)、绿蝽属种类(Oebalusspp.)、绿蝽属种类(Oebalusspp.)、Pentomidae、方背皮蝽(Piesmaquadrata)、壁蝽属种类(Piezodorusspp.)、棉伪斑腿盲蝽(Psallusseriatus)、Pseudacystapersea、红猎蝽属种类(Rhodniusspp.)、可可褐盲蝽(Sahlbergellasingularis)、Scaptocoriscastanea、黑蝽属种类(Scotinophoraspp.)、梨冠网蝽(Stephanitisnashi)、Tibracaspp.、锥猎蝽属种类(Triatomaspp.)。
同翅目(Homoptera),例如,无网长管蚜属种类(Acyrthosiponspp.)、Acrogoniaspp.、沫蜂属种类(Aeneolamiaspp.)、隆脉木虱属种类(Agonoscenaspp.)、斑翅粉虱属种类(Aleurodesspp.)、蔗粉虱属种类(Aleurolobusbarodensis)、绵粉虱属种类(Aleurothrixusspp.)、杧果叶蝉属种类(Amrascaspp.)、Anuraphiscardui、肾圆盾蚧属种类(Aonidiellaspp.)、苏联黄粉蚜(Aphanostigmapiri)、蚜属种类(Aphisspp)、葡萄叶蝉(Arboridiaapicalis)、小圆盾蚧属种类(Aspidiellaspp.)、圆盾蚧属种类(Aspidiotusspp.)、Atanusspp.、茄沟无网蚜(Aulacorthumsolani)、粉虱属种类(Bemisiaspp.)、李短尾蚜(Brachycaudushelichrysii)、Brachycolusspp.、甘蓝蚜(Brevicorynebrassicae)、小褐稻虱(Calligyponamarginata)、Carneocephalafulgida、甘蔗粉角蚜(Ceratovacunalanigera)、沫蝉科(Cercopidae)、蜡蚧属种类(Ceroplastesspp.)、草莓钉蚜(Chaetosiphonfragaefolii)、蔗黄雪盾蚧(Chionaspistegalensis)、茶绿叶蝉(Chloritaonukii)、核桃黑斑蚜(Chromaphisjuglandicola)、黑褐圆盾蚧(Chrysomphalusficus)、玉米叶蝉(Cicadulinambila)、Coccomytilushalli、软蚧属种类(Coccusspp.)、茶藨隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzusribis)、Dalbulusspp.、裸粉虱属种类(Dialeurodesspp.)、呆木虱属种类(Diaphorinaspp.)、白背盾蚧属种类(Diaspisspp.)、履绵蚧属种类(Drosichaspp.)、西圆尾蚜属种类(Dysaphisspp.)、灰粉蚧属种类(Dysmicoccusspp.)、小绿叶蝉属种类(Empoascaspp.)、绵蚜属种类(Eriosomaspp.)、斑叶蝉属重量(Erythroneuraspp.)、钝鼻叶蝉(Euscelisbilobatus)、腺刺粉蚧属种类(Ferrisiaspp.)、咖啡地粉蚧(Geococcuscoffeae)、蔗蝗属种类(Hieroglyphusspp.)、假桃病毒叶蝉(Homalodiscacoagulata)、梅大尾蚜(Hyalopterusarundinis)、吹绵蚧属种类(Iceryaspp.)、片角叶蝉属种类(Idiocerusspp.)、扁喙叶蝉属种类(Idioscopusspp.)、灰飞虱(Laodelphaxstriatellus)、Lecaniumspp.、蛎盾蚧属种类(Lepidosaphesspp.)、萝卜蚜(Lipaphiserysimi)、长管蚜属种类(Macrosiphumspp.)、沫蝶属种类(Mahanarvaspp.)、高粱蚜(Melanaphissacchari)、Metcalfiellaspp.、麦无网蚜(Metopolophiumdirhodum)、黑缘平翅斑蚜(Monelliacostalis)、Monelliopsispecanis、瘤蚜属种类(Myzusspp.)、莴苣衲长管蚜(Nasonoviaribisnigri)、黑尾叶蝉属种类(Nephotettixspp.)、褐飞虱(Nilaparvatalugens)、Oncometopiaspp.、Ortheziapraelonga、杨梅缘粉虱(Parabemisiamyricae)、木虱属种类(Paratriozaspp.)、片盾蚧属种类(Parlatoriaspp.)、瘿绵蚜属种类(Pemphigusspp.)、玉米蜡蝉(Peregrinusmaidis)、绵粉蚧属种类(Phenacoccusspp.)、杨平翅绵蚜(Phloeomyzuspasserinii)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodonhumuli)、根瘤蚜属种类(Phylloxeraspp.)、苏铁褐点并盾蚧(Pinnaspisaspidistrae)、臀纹粉蚧属种类(Planococcusspp.)、梨形原绵蚧(Protopulvinariapyriformis)、桑白盾蚧(Pseudaulacaspispentagona)、粉蚧属种类(Pseudococcusspp.)、木虱属(Psyllaspp.)、金小蜂属种类(Pteromalusspp.)、蜡蝉属种类(Pyrillaspp.)、笠圆盾蚧属种类(Quadraspidiotusspp.)、Quesadagigas、平刺粉蚧属种类(Rastrococcusspp.)、缢管蚜属种类(Rhopalosiphumspp.)、黑盔蚧属种类(Saissetiaspp.)、葡萄带叶蜂(Scaphoidestitanus)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphisgraminum)、苏铁刺圆盾蚧(Selenaspidusarticulatus)、长唇基飞虱属种类(Sogataspp.)、白背飞虱(Sogatellafurcifera)、Sogatodesspp.、Stictocephalafestina、Tenalapharamalayensis、美洲山核桃长斑蚜(Tinocalliscaryaefoliae)、广胸沫蝉属种类(Tomaspisspp.)、声蚜属种类(Toxopteraspp.)、粉虱属种类(Trialeurodesspp.)、个木虱属种类(Triozaspp.)、小叶蝉属种类(Typhlocybaspp.)、尖盾蚧属种类(Unaspisspp.)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteusvitifolii)、斑叶蝉属种类(Zyginaspp.)。
缨翅目(Thysanoptera),例如,玉米黄呆蓟马(Anaphothripsobscurus)、稻蓟马(Baliothripsbiformis)、葡萄镰蓟马(Drepanothrisreuteri)、Enneothripsflavens、花蓟马属种类(Frankliniellaspp.)、网蓟马属种类(Heliothripsspp.)、温室条篱蓟马(Hercinothripsfemoralis)、葡萄蓟马(Rhipiphorothripscruentatus)、硬蓟马属种类(Scirtothripsspp.)、Taeniothripscardamoni、蓟马属种类(Thripsspp.)。
植物寄生线虫包括,例如,滑刃线虫属种类(Aphelenchoidesspp.)、伞滑刃线虫属种类(Bursaphelenchusspp.)、草茎线虫属种类(Ditylenchusspp.)、球异皮线虫属种类(Globoderaspp.)、异皮线虫属种类(Heteroderaspp.)、长针线虫属种类(Longidorusspp.)、根结线虫属(Meloidogynespp.)、短体线虫属种类(Pratylenchusspp.)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholussimilis)、毛刺线虫属种类(Trichodorusspp.)、半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulussemipenetrans)、剑线虫属种类(Xiphinemaspp.)。
根据本发明,可以处理所有植物及植物部分。在本说明书中,植物应理解为表示所有植物和植物群,如无害和有害的野生植物或作物(包括自然生长的作物)。作物可以是通过常规育种和优化法或通过生物技术和基因工程方法或通过上述方法的结合而获得的植物,包括转基因植物,并且包括受多种产权保护或不受产权保护的植物品种。植物部分应理解为表示植物的所有地上及地下部分以及植物器官,如茎尖、叶子、花和根,可提及的优选实例为叶子、针叶、茎、干和花。
用本发明的活性化合物组合物对植物及植物部分进行的处理,可以通过常规处理方法直接进行或通过施用于其环境或生境,所述常规方法为例如雾化、喷雾、喷洒、浸渍、蒸发、刷涂以及,对于繁殖物质,特别是种子来说,可以进行一层或多层包衣,浇水、土壤混合、犁田处理、微滴施用,在水培系统中,可以进行植孔处理、土壤、茎或花注入,浸渍施用。
优选通过叶面施用的方式用活性化合物组合物进行处理。
如上所述,根据本发明,可处理所有植物及其部分。在一个优选的实施方案中,处理野生植物种类和植物栽培品种或由传统的生物育种方法诸如杂交或原生质体融合获得的那些植物及其部分。在另一个优选的实施方案中,处理由基因工程方法,任选地与传统方法结合获得的转基因植物和植物栽培品种(遗传工程修饰的生物体)及其部分。术语“部分”、“植物的部分”和“植物部分”如前文中所定义。
更优选地,本发明可对市售的或使用中的植物栽培品种进行处理。植物栽培品种应理解为是指具有新颖特征(“性状”)且通过常规育种、诱变或重组DNA技术获得的植物。这些可为栽培品种、生物型或基因型。
根据植物种类或植物品种、其位置及其生长条件(土壤、气候、生长期、营养),本发明的处理方法亦可产生超加性(“协同”)效应。例如,可能出现下列超过实际预期的效应:降低施用率和/或扩大活性谱和/或提高本发明使用的活性化合物与组合物的活性、改善植物生长、提高对高温或低温的耐受性、提高对干旱、水或土壤盐分的耐受性、增加开花表现、易于收获、加速成熟、提高产量、改善收获产品的质量和/或提高其营养价值、改善所收获产品的贮存寿命和/或可加工性。
根据本发明待处理的优选的转基因植物或植物品种(通过基因工程获得)包括所有的通过遗传修饰,获得赋予这些植物特别有益有用特性(“性状”)的遗传物质的所有植物。这样的特性的实例为改善更好的植物生长、对高温或低温的耐受性提高、对干旱、水或土壤盐分的耐受性提高、增加开花表现、易于收获、加速成熟、产量提高、改善收获产品的质量和/或提高营养价值、改善所收获产品的贮存寿命和/或可加工性。这些特性的进一步和特别优选的实例为提高植物对抗动物和微生物害虫的能力,如对抗昆虫、螨类、病原真菌、细菌和/或病毒,以及提高植物对某些除草活性化合物的耐受性。可提及的转基因植物的实例为重要的作物植物,如谷类(小麦、水稻)、玉米、大豆、马铃薯、棉花、烟草、油菜以及水果植物(如苹果、梨、柑橘和葡萄),特别优选为玉米、大豆、马铃薯、棉花、烟草和油菜。特别优选的性状为通过植物形成的毒素提高植物对昆虫、蛛形纲动物、线虫和蛞蝓的防御性,特别是,通过苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)的遗传物质(例如基因CryIA(a)、CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIIA、CryIIIA、CryIIIB2、Cry9cCry2Ab、Cry3Bb和CryIF及其组合)(下文简称“BT植物”)在植物中形成的毒素。还特别优选的性状为通过系统获得抗性(SAR)、系统素、植物抗毒素、诱导子以及抗性基因和相应表达的蛋白和毒素,提高植物对真菌、细菌和病毒的防御性。还特别优选的性状为增加植物对某些除草活性化合物,例如咪唑啉酮类,磺脲类,草甘膦或膦丝菌素(如“PAT”基因)的耐受性。赋予所述的所需性状的基因还可彼此组合存在于转基因植物中。“BT植物”的实例包括玉米品种、棉花品种、大豆品种和马铃薯品种,它们的商品名为YIELD(例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、(例如玉米)、(例如玉米)、(棉花)、(棉花)和(马铃薯)。可提及的除草剂抗性植物的实例为玉米品种、棉花品种和大豆品种,商品名为Roundup(抗草甘膦,例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、Liberty(膦丝菌素耐受性,例如油菜)、(咪唑啉酮类耐受性)和(抗磺酰脲类耐受性,例如玉米)。可提及的耐除草剂植物(以常规方式培育的耐除草剂植物)包括商品名为(例如玉米)的品种。当然,这些说明还适用于具有这些遗传性状或这些仍然需要开发的遗传性状,以及在将来开发完成和/或上市的植物栽培品种。
根据本发明,可处理所有的植物和植物部分。植物是指所有的植物和植物群,如有益的和有害的野生植物、栽培品种和植物品种(无论是否受植物新品种或植物育种者权利保护)。栽培品种和植物品种可通过常规繁殖和育种方法获得,这种方法可通过一种或多种生物技术方法进行辅助或补充,如使用双倍体、原生质体融合、随机和定点诱变、分子或遗传标记或通过生物工程和遗传工程的方法。植物部分是指植物的所有地上和底下部分以及器官,如芽、叶、花朵和根,例如叶、针叶、茎、枝、花朵、子实体、果实和种子,以及根、球茎和根茎。作物和有性以及无性繁殖材料也属于植物部位,例如插条、球茎、根茎、压条(runner)和种子。
在根据本发明方法保护的植物中,可提及主要的大田作物,如玉米、大豆、棉花、芸苔属(Brassica)含油种子,如欧洲油菜(Brassicanapus)(如卡诺拉(canola))、芜菁(Brassicarapa)、芥菜(B.juncea)(如芥末)和埃塞俄比亚芥(Brassicacarinata)、水稻、小麦、甜菜、甘蔗、燕麦、黑麦、大麦、黑小麦、亚麻、葡萄和各种植物学分类上的水果与蔬菜,如蔷薇科种类(Rosaceaesp.)(例如梨果,如苹果和梨,还包括如核果,如杏、樱桃、杏仁和桃,以及浆果,如草莓),茶藨子科种类(Ribesioidaesp.),胡桃科种类(Juglandaceaesp.),桦木科种类(Betulaceaesp.),漆树科种类(Anacardiaceaesp.),山毛榉科种类(Fagaceaesp.),桑科种类(Moraceaesp.),木犀科种类(Oleaceaesp.),猕猴桃科种类(Actinidaceaesp.),樟科种类(Lauraceaesp.),芭蕉科种类(Musaceaesp.)(如香蕉树和种植园),茜草科种类(Rubiaceaesp.)(例如咖啡),山茶科种类(Theaceaesp.),梧桐科种类(Sterculaiceaesp.),芸香科种类(Rutaceaesp.)(例如柠檬,橘子和葡萄柚);茄科种类(Solanaceaesp.)(例如番茄、马铃薯、胡椒、茄子),百合科种类(Liliaceaesp.),菊科种类(Compositiaesp.)(例如生菜、朝鲜蓟和菊苣,包括根用菊苣、苦菊(endive)或苦菜(commonchicory)),伞形花科种类(Umbelliferaesp.)(如胡萝卜、欧芹、芹菜和块根芹),葫芦科种类(Cucurbitaceaesp.)(例如黄瓜,包括小黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜、葫芦和甜瓜),葱科种类(Alliaceaesp.)(例如韭菜和洋葱),十字花科种类(Cruciferaesp.)(例如包心菜、紫甘蓝、西兰花、白菜花、抱子甘蓝、小白菜、大头菜、水萝卜、山葵、水芹和大白菜),豆科种类(Leguminosaesp.)(如花生、豌豆和豆类,如菜豆和宽扁豆),藜科种类(Chenopodiaceaesp.)(例如饲用甜菜、莙荙菜(spinachbeet)、菠菜,甜菜根(beetroot)),锦葵科(Malvaceae)(如秋葵),天门冬科(Asparagaceae)(如芦笋);园艺和森林作物;观赏植物;以及这些作物的遗传修饰同源物。
本发明的处理方法可以用于处理遗传修饰生物体(GMO),例如植物或种子。遗传修饰植物(或转基因植物)是异源基因稳定整合到染色体组的植物。术语“异源基因”本质上是一种基因,该基因是在植株体外提供或组装的,并且在导入细胞核基因组、叶绿体基因组或粒线体基因组中后,通过表达目的蛋白质或多肽,或通过使植物体内的其它基因下调或者沉默(使用例如反义技术、共抑制技术或RNA干扰(RNAi)技术),赋予转化后的植物新的或改良的农艺特性或其它特性。存在于基因组中的异源基因也称为转基因。在植物基因组中的特定位置限定的转基因被称为转化事件或转基因事件。
根据植物种类或植物栽培品种、其位置及其生长条件(土壤、气候、生长期、营养),本发明的处理方法亦可产生超加性(“协同”)效应。因此,例如,可能出现下列超过实际预期的效应:降低施用率和/或扩大活性谱和/或本发明使用的活性化合物与组合物的活性提高、植物生长改善、对高温或低温的耐受性提高、对干旱、水或土壤盐分的耐受性提高、增加开花表现、易于收获、加速成熟、提高产量、增大果实、增加植物高度、加深叶子绿色、提早开花、改善收获产品的质量和/或提高其营养价值、提高果实的糖含量、改善所收获产品的贮存稳定性和/或可加工性。
在某些施用率下,本发明的活性化合物组合物还可强化植物。因此,它们还适于调动植物对抗有害微生物侵袭的植物防御体系。如果有的话,这可能是本发明的组合物活性提高的原因之一,例如抗真菌。在本发明的上下文中,强化植物(抗性诱导)的物质应理解成能以下述方式激活植物的防御体系的那些物质或物质的组合物,即当随后受到有害微生物侵袭后,处理过的植物显示出对这些微生物的很大程度的抗性。在本发明情况下,所述有害微生物应理解成植物病原性真菌、细菌和病毒。因此,在处理后的一段时间内,本发明物质可用于保护植物免受上述病原体的侵袭。产生保护的时间通常在用活性化合物处理植物之后的第1~10天,优选第1~7天。
本发明优选处理的植物和植物栽培品种包括所有的植物,所述植物具有能将特定的有利和有用的性状传递给这些植物(无论是通过育种和/或生物技术方式培育获得)的遗传物质。
本发明还优选处理的植物和植物栽培品种,对一种或多种生物胁迫具有抗性,也即,所述植物对动物与微生物病害更具抗性,如:抗线虫、昆虫、螨、植物病原性真菌、细菌、病毒和/或类病毒。
抗线虫植物的实例公开于,例如下述的美国专利申请中:11/765,491、11/765,494、10/926,819、10/782,020、12/032,479、10/783,417、10/782,096、11/657,964、12/192,904、11/396,808、12/166,253、12/166,239、12/166,124、12/166,209、11/762,886、12/364,335、11/763,947、12/252,453、12/209,354、12/491,396或12/497,221。
本发明还可处理的植物与植物栽培品种为对一种或多种非生物胁迫具有抗性的植物。非生物胁迫的因素包括如干旱、低温暴露、高温暴露、渗透压力、水涝、土壤高盐分、矿物暴露增加、臭氧暴露、强光暴露、氮营养元素利用率受限、磷营养元素利用率受限、避荫。
本发明可处理的植物与植物栽培品种为具有产量增加这一特征的植物。所述植物产量提高可为以下的结果,例如改善植物生理、生长与发育,如水分利用率、保水率、改善氮利用率、提高碳同化作用、改善光合作用、提高发芽率和加快成熟。可通过改善株型(胁迫下与非胁迫条件下)来进一步影响产量,包括但不限于,提早开花、控制开花以产生杂交种子、幼苗活力、植物大小、节间数量与距离、根部生长、种子大小、果实大小、果荚大小、果荚或穗数量、每荚或每穗的种子数量、种子质量、加强种子饱满度、减少种子散落、减少果荚开裂与倒伏抗。其它产量性状包括种子成分,如碳水化合物含量、蛋白质含量、油含量与成分、营养价值、降低不良营养素化合物、改善可加工性和提高贮存稳定性。
具有上述性状的植物的实例非穷举地列于表A中。
根据本发明可处理的植物为已表现出异源或杂种优势性状的杂交植物,所述杂交性状一般导致更高的产量、活力、健康及对生物和非生物胁迫的抗性。所述植物通常通过将雄性不育自交系亲本(母本)与另一雄性可育自交系亲本(父本)杂交制得。杂交种子通常收获自雄性不育植物,然后出售给种植者。雄性不育植物(例如玉米),有时可通过去雄产生,即机械去除雄性繁殖器官(或雄花);但更为常见的是,雄性不育是植物基因组中遗传因子(geneticdeterminant)造成的。这种情况下,尤其当种子是杂交植物中收获的所需产物时,其通常可确保完全恢复杂交植物的雄性可育性。这可以通过确保父本具有适当的可育性恢复基因来实现,所述基因能恢复含有负责雄性不育的遗传因子的杂交植物的雄性可育性。雄性不育遗传因子可能位于细胞质中。细胞质雄性不育(CMS)的实例在如芸苔(Brassica)属植物中已有描述(W092/05251、WO95/09910、WO98/27806、WO05/002324、WO06/021972和US6,229,072)。然而,雄性不育遗传因子也可位于细胞核基因组中。雄性不育植物也可采用植物生物技术方法获得,如基因工程。获得雄性不育植物的特别适用的方法公开于WO89/10396,其中例如核糖核酸酶,如芽孢杆菌RNA酶(barnase),选择性地在雄蕊的绒毡层细胞中进行表达。通过在绒毡层细胞中表达核糖核酸酶抑制子,如barstar,即可恢复育性(如WO91/02069)。
本发明可处理的植物或者植物栽培品种(可由植物生物技术方法,如基因工程获得)为耐除草剂植物,即使得可以耐受一种或多种特定除草剂的植物。所述植物可通过基因转化或筛选含有赋予除草剂抗性的突变的植物而获得。
耐除草剂植物为例如耐草甘膦植物,即对草甘膦除草剂或其盐耐受的植物。可以通过不同的方法使植物耐草甘膦。例如,耐草甘膦植物可通过用编码5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)的基因转化所述植物获得。所述EPSPS基因的实例为沙门氏菌(Salmonellatyphimurium)的AroA基因(突变株CT7)(Comaietal.,1983,Science221,370-371)、农杆菌(Agrobacteriumsp.)细菌的CP4基因(Barryetal.,1992,Curr.TopicsPlantPhysiol.7,139-145),编码矮牵牛EPSPS(Shahetal.,1986,Science233,478-481)、西红柿EPSPS(Gasseretal.,1988,J.Biol.Chem.263,4280-4289)或牛筋草EPSPS(WO01/66704)的基因。其也可为突变的EPSPS,如,描述于EP0837944、WO00/66746、WO00/66747或WO02/26995。草甘膦抗性植物也可通过表达编码草甘膦氧化还原酶的基因获得,如描述于美国专利申请No.5,776,760和5,463,175。草甘膦抗性植物也可通过表达编码草甘膦乙酰基转移酶的基因获得,如描述于WO02/036782、WO03/092360、WO05/012515和WO07/024782。草甘膦抗性植物还可通过筛选含有上述基因的自然发生的突变的植物获得,如描述于WO01/024615或WO03/013226。表达赋予草甘膦抗性的EPSPS基因的植物,描述于例如美国专利申请No.11/517,991、10/739,610、12/139,408、12/352,532、11/312,866、11/315,678、12/421,292、11/400,598、11/651,752、11/681,285、11/605,824、12/468,205、11/760,570、11/762,526、11/769,327、11/769,255、11/943801或12/362,774。包含赋予草甘膦抗性的其它基因如脱羧酶基因的植物,描述于例如美国专利申请No.11/588,811、11/185,342、12/364,724、11/185,560或12/423,926。
其它除草剂抗性植物,为例如使得耐抑制谷氨酰胺合成酶的除草剂,如双丙胺膦、膦丝菌素或草铵膦的植物。所述植物可以通过以下方式获得:表达可解除除草剂毒性的酶或可抗该抑制剂的突变谷氨酰胺合成酶而获得,如描述于美国专利申请No.11/760,602。其中一种有效解除毒性的酶为编码膦丝菌素乙酰转移酶的酶(如:来自链霉菌(Streptomyces)属的bar或pat蛋白)。表达外源膦丝菌素乙酰转移酶的植物,描述于例如美国专利申请No.5,561,236、5,648,477、5,646,024、5,273,894、5,637,489、5,276,268、5,739,082、5,908,810和7,112,665。
其它除草剂抗性植物也可以是对抑制羟苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)的除草剂耐受的植物。HPPD是催化对羟基苯基丙酮酸酯(HPP)转化成尿黑酸的酶。耐HPPD抑制剂的植物可用编码自然发生的抗性HPPD酶的基因或编码突变的或嵌合的HPPD酶的基因转化而获得,如描述于WO96/38567、WO99/24585和WO99/24586。用编码某些酶的基因转化植物,尽管HPPD抑制剂抑制天然HPPD酶,但所述酶仍可形成黑尿酸,也可获得对HPPD抑制剂的耐受性。这种植物和基因描述于WO99/34008和WO02/36787。植物对HPPD抑制剂的耐受性除了用编码耐HPPD酶的基因转化植物外,也可用编码具有预苯酸脱氢酶(PDH)活性的酶的基因转化所述植物来改良,如描述于WO2004/024928。此外,可通过向植物的基因组中添加编码能代谢或降解HPPD抑制剂的酶,如WO2007/103567和WO2008/150473所示的CYP450酶的基因,使所述植物更耐受HPPD抑制剂的除草剂。
其它除草剂抗性植物是使得耐乙酰乳酸合酶(ALS)抑制剂的植物。已知的ALS-抑制剂包括例如磺脲类、咪唑啉酮类、三唑并嘧啶类、嘧啶基氧(硫)苯甲酸酯类和/或磺酰基胺基羰基三唑啉酮类除草剂。已知ALS酶(也称为乙酰基羟基酸合成酶,AHAS)的不同突变体可对不同除草剂和不同类除草剂赋予耐受性,如描述于Tranel和Wright的(WeedScience2002,50,700-712)以及美国专利申请No.5,605,011、5,378,824、5,141,870,和5,013,659。耐磺脲类植物与耐咪唑啉酮类植物的制备描述于美国专利申请No.5,605,011、5,013,659、5,141,870、5,767,361、5,731,180、5,304,732、4,761,373、5,331,107、5,928,937;和5,378,824;以及国际申请WO96/33270。其它耐咪唑啉酮类植物也描述于,如WO2004/040012、WO2004/106529、WO2005/020673、WO2005/093093、WO2006/007373、WO2006/015376、WO2006/024351,和WO2006/060634。其它耐磺脲类与耐咪唑啉酮类植物也描述于,如WO07/024782和美国专利申请No.61/288958。
耐咪唑啉酮类和/或磺脲类的其他植物可通过诱变、在除草剂存在情况下进行细胞培养物选择、或者诱变育种获得,例如,US5,084,082针对大豆,WO97/41218针对水稻,US5,773,702和WO99/057965针对甜菜,US5,198,599或向日葵在WO01/065922针对生菜。
本发明还可处理的植物或植物栽培品种(由植物生物技术方法,如基因工程获得)为抗虫转基因植物,即使得对某些目标昆虫侵害具有抗性的植物。这类植物可利用基因转化方法,或筛选含有赋予这类抗虫性的突变的植物得到。
本文所用的"抗虫转基因植物"包括任何包含至少一种转基因的植物,所述转基因包含编码下述的编码序列:
1)来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的杀虫晶体蛋白或其杀虫部分,如Crickmore等列举的杀虫晶体蛋白或其杀虫部分(MicrobiologyandMolecularBiologyReviews1998,62,807-813),Crickmore等更新(2005),在线网址:http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/),例如:Cry蛋白类蛋白Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1B、Cry1C、Cry1D、Cry1F、Cry2Ab、Cry3Aa或Cry3Bb或其杀虫部分(如EP-A1999141和WO2007/107302);或由描述于美国申请No.12/249,016的合成基因编码的这类蛋白;或
2)来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的晶体蛋白或其部分,其在来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的第二种其它晶体蛋白或其部分的存在下具有杀虫性,如由Cry34与Cry35晶体蛋白组成的二元毒素(Nat.Biotechnol.2001,19,668-72;AppliedEnvironm.Microbiol.2006,71,1765-1774),或由Cry1A或Cry1F蛋白与Cry2Aa或Cry2Ab或Cry2Ae蛋白组成的二元毒素(美国专利申请No.12/214,022和EP08010791.5);或
3)包含来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的两个不同杀虫晶体蛋白的部分的杂合杀虫蛋白,如上述1)的杂合蛋白或上述2)的杂合蛋白,例如由玉米事件MON98034(WO2007/027777)产生的Cry1A.105蛋白;或
4)上述1)至3)中任一的蛋白质,其中有些氨基酸,特别是1-10个氨基酸已被另一氨基酸取代,以获得对目标昆虫更高的杀虫活性和/或扩大受影响的目标昆虫的范围,和/或由于在克隆或转化过程中,在编码的DNA的中诱导的改变,如:玉米品种MON863或MON88017的Cry3Bb1蛋白,或玉米品种MIR604的Cry3A蛋白;或
5)来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)的杀虫分泌蛋白质,或其杀虫部分,如:营养期杀虫蛋白(VIP),其列于:http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html,如:来自VIP3Aa蛋白类的蛋白;或
6)来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的分泌蛋白质,其在来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的第二分泌蛋白的存在下具有杀虫性,如由VIP1A与VIP2A蛋白组成的二元毒素(WO94/21795);或
7)包含部分来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的不同分泌蛋白的杂合杀虫蛋白,如上述1)的杂合蛋白或上述2)的杂合蛋白;或
8)上述5)至7)中任一的蛋白质,其中有些氨基酸,特别是1-10个氨基酸已被另一氨基酸取代,以获得对目标昆虫更高的杀虫活性和/或可扩大受影响的目标昆虫范围,和/或由于在克隆或转化过程中引入编码的DNA的变化(但仍可编码杀虫蛋白),如棉花事件COT102中的VIP3Aa蛋白;或
9)来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的分泌蛋白质,其在来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的晶体蛋白的存在下具有杀虫性,如:由VIP3与Cry1A或Cry1FVIP1A蛋白组成的二元毒素(美国专利申请No.61/126083和61/195019),或由VIP3与Cry2Aa或Cry2Ab或Cry2Ae蛋白组成的二元毒素(美国专利申请12/214,022和EP08010791.5);或
10)上述9)中的蛋白质,其中有些氨基酸,特别是1-10个氨基酸已被另一氨基酸取代,以获得对目标昆虫更高的杀虫活性和/或可扩大受影响的目标昆虫范围,和/或由于在克隆或转化过程中引入编码的DNA的变化(但仍可编码杀虫蛋白)。
当然,本文所述的抗虫转基因植物也包括任何含有编码上述1至10类中任一类蛋白的基因组合的植物。在一实施方案中,抗虫植物含有多种编码上述1至10类中任一种的蛋白的转移基因,以扩大当利用针对不同目标昆虫的不同蛋白时受影响的目标昆虫范围,或使用对相同目标昆虫具有杀虫活性但具有不同的作用模式的不同杀虫蛋白,如结合到昆虫中不同受体结合位点,以推迟昆虫对植物抗性的发展。
本文所用的“抗虫转基因植物”还包括任何具有至少一种包含表达时产生双链RNA的序列的转移基因的植物,其被植物害虫消化后,抑制这种害虫的生长,如描述于WO2007/080126、WO2006/129204、WO2007/074405、WO2007/080127和WO2007/035650。
本发明还可处理的植物或植物栽培品种(由植物生物技术方法,如基因工程获得)可以耐非生物胁迫。所述植物可通过基因转化或通过筛选含有赋予这类胁迫抗性的突变的植物获得。特别有用的胁迫耐受性植物包括:
1)包含能降低聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)基因在植物细胞或植物中的表达/或活性的转基因的植物,如描述于WO00/04173、WO/2006/045633、EP04077984.5,或EP06009836.5;
2)包含能降低植物或植物细胞的PARG编码基因的表达和/或活性的胁迫耐受性增强转基因的植物,如描述于WO2004/090140。
3)包含编码烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸补救合成途径的植物功能性酶,包括烟酰胺酶、烟酸酯核糖磷酸转化酶、烟酸单核苷酸腺嘌呤基转化酶、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸合成酶或烟碱酰胺核糖磷酸转化酶的胁迫耐受性增强转基因的植物,如描述于EP04077624.7、WO2006/133827、PCT/EP07/002433、EP1999263,或WO2007/107326。
本发明还可处理的植物或植物栽培品种(由植物生物技术方法制得,如基因工程获得)所收获的产品表现出产量、质量和/或贮存稳定性得到改变和/或改变所收获的产品的特定成分的性状,如:
1)合成改性淀粉的转基因植物,相对于野生型植物细胞或植物所合成的淀粉,所述改性淀粉在物理化学特性上,特别是直链淀粉含量或直链淀粉/支链淀粉比例、分支程度、平均链长、侧链分布、粘度表现、胶凝强度、淀粉粒大小和/或淀粉粒形态等方面均已发生改变,因此更适于特殊用途。所述合成改性淀粉的转基因植物描述于,如EP0571427、WO95/04826、EP0719338、WO96/15248、WO96/19581、WO96/27674、WO97/11188、WO97/26362、WO97/32985、WO97/42328、WO97/44472、WO97/45545、WO98/27212、WO98/40503、WO99/58688、WO99/58690、WO99/58654、WO00/08184、WO00/08185、WO00/08175、WO00/28052、WO00/77229、WO01/12782、WO01/12826、WO02/101059、WO03/071860、WO2004/056999、WO2005/030942、WO2005/030941、WO2005/095632、WO2005/095617、WO2005/095619、WO2005/095618、WO2005/123927、WO2006/018319、WO2006/103107、WO2006/108702、WO2007/009823、WO00/22140、WO2006/063862、WO2006/072603、WO02/034923、EP06090134.5、EP06090228.5、EP06090227.7、EP07090007.1、EP07090009.7、WO01/14569,WO02/79410、WO03/33540、WO2004/078983、WO01/19975、WO95/26407、WO96/34968、WO98/20145、WO99/12950、WO99/66050、WO99/53072、US6,734,341、WO00/11192、WO98/22604、WO98/32326、WO01/98509、WO01/98509、WO2005/002359、US5,824,790、US6,013,861、WO94/04693、WO94/09144、WO94/11520、WO95/35026和WO97/20936。
2)合成非淀粉碳水化合物聚合物或合成与未经遗传修饰的野生型植物相比性状改变的非淀粉碳水化合物聚合物的转基因植物。实例为产生多聚果糖,尤指菊糖型与果聚糖型多聚果糖的植物,如描述于EP0663956、WO96/01904、WO96/21023、WO98/39460,和WO99/24593,产生α-1,4葡聚糖的植物,如描述于WO95/31553、US2002031826、US6,284,479、US5,712,107、WO97/47806、WO97/47807、WO97/47808和WO00/14249,产生α-1,6分支α-1,4葡聚糖的植物,如描述于WO00/73422,产生alternan的植物,如描述于WO00/47727、WO00/73422、EP06077301.7、US5,908,975和EP0728213。
3)产生玻尿酸(hyaluronan)的转基因植物,如描述于WO2006/032538、WO2007/039314、WO2007/039315、WO2007/039316、JP2006304779和WO2005/012529。
4)具有性状如“高可溶性固形物”、“低辛辣味”(LP)和/或“贮藏延长”(LS)的转基因植物或杂交植物,如描述于美国专利申请No.12/020,360和61/054,026。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(通过植物生物技术,例如遗传工程而获得)为具有改变的纤维性质的植物,例如棉花植物。这类植物可通过基因转化或通过筛选含有赋予所述改变的纤维性质的突变的植物而获得,这类植物包括:
a)含有形式改变的纤维素合酶基因的植物,如棉花,描述于WO98/00549
b)含有形式改变的rsw2或rsw3同源核酸的植物,如棉花,描述于WO2004/053219
c)蔗糖磷酸合酶表达增强的植物,如棉花,描述于WO01/17333
d)蔗糖合酶表达增强的植物,如棉花,描述于WO02/45485
e)如通过下调纤维选择性β-1,3-葡聚糖酶而改变纤维细胞基部胞间连丝门控时机的植物,例如棉花,描述于EP08075514.3或美国专利申请No.61/128,938
f)如通过包括nodC的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺转移酶基因和几丁质合成酶基因的表达而具有改变了反应性的纤维的植物,如棉花,描述于WO2006/136351。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(通过植物生物技术,例如遗传工程而获得)为具有改变的油成分性质的植物,例如油菜或有关芸苔属植物。这类植物可通过基因转化或通过筛选含有赋予这类改变的油性质的突变的植物而获得,所述植物包括:
a)产生具有高油酸含量的油的植物,例如油菜,如描述于US5,969,169、US5,840,946或US6,323,392或US6,063,947。
b)产生具有低亚麻酸含量的油的植物,例如油菜植物,如描述于US6,270,828、US6,169,190,或US5,965,755。
c)产生具有低水平的饱和脂肪酸的油的植物,例如油菜植物,如描述于US5,434,283或美国专利申请No.12/668303。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(通过植物生物技术,例如遗传工程而获得)为如改变了种子落粒性的油菜或有关的芸薹属植物。可通过基因转化或筛选含有赋予这种改变的种子落粒性的突变的植物获得这类植物,并且这类植物包括如落粒阻滞或减少的油菜的植物,如描述于美国专利申请No.61/135,230,WO09/068313和WO10/006732。
本发明处理的特别有用的转基因植物为包含转化事件或包含转化事件组合的植物,这些是在美国向美国农业部(theUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture(USDA))的动物与植物健康检疫局(theAnimalandPlantHealthInspectionService(APHIS))申请规模种植许可(nonregulatedstatus)的主题,不论此申请是否已批准或仍在审查中。任何时间均可自APHIS(4700RiverRoadRiverdale,MD20737,USA)取得此信息,例如:在因特网(URLhttp://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/not_reg.html)。在本申请的申请日时,已批准或仍在APHIS审查中的规模种植许可申请列于含有下述信息的表B中:
-请求:请求档案编号。转化事件的技术说明可参见参考此申请案编号从APHIS获得的个体请求文件,例如:APHIS网站。这些说明内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
-延伸请求:参考要求延期的在先请求。
-机构:提交请求的机构名称。
-管制项目(reulatedarticle):相关植物种类。
-转基因表型:通过转化事件赋予植物的性状。
-转化事件或株系:要求规模种植许可的转化事件名称(有时称为株系)。
-APHIS文献:由APHIS出版的与该请求相关的各种文献,或可向APHIS请求后获得。
含有单转化试剂或转化事件组合的其他特别有用的植物列于例如多个国家或地区管理机构的数据库中(参见,例如http://gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse.aspx和http://cera-gmc.org/index.php?evidcode=&hstIDXCode=&gType=&AbbrCo de=&atCode=&stCode=&coIDCode=&action=gm_crop_database&mode=Su bmit)。
尤其特别的转基因植物包括在农艺学中立或有益位置中含有转移基因的植物,如列于表C中的任意专利文献。
在一个特别优选的变型中,本发明的方法用于处理转基因蔬菜、棉花和大豆。
表A:
本发明的转基因植物和事件的非穷举列表。来源:AgBios数据库(AGBIOS,P.O.Box475,106St.JohnSt.Merrickville,OntarioK0G1N0,加拿大),可通过以下网址访问:http://www.agbios.com/dbase.php。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,表A中A-1~A-183的植物,其总体或部分或所述植物的繁殖材料用本发明的活性化合物组合物进行处理或接触。
表B
非穷尽地列举来源于美国农业部的APHIS数据库的可用于实施本发明的转基因植物。该数据库的网址如下:http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_welfare/efoia/index.shtml
表中所用的缩写:
CMV-黄瓜花叶病毒;C
PB-科罗拉多马铃薯甲虫;
PLRV-马铃薯卷叶病毒;
PRSV-番木瓜环斑病毒;
PVY-马铃薯Y病毒;
WMV2-甜瓜花叶病毒2;
ZYMV-西葫芦黄叶花叶病毒
在一个实施方案中,表B中B-1~B-129的植物,其总体或部分或所述植物的繁殖材料用本发明的活性化合物组合物进行处理或接触。
表C
非穷尽地列举了参考文献描述的用于本发明的性状。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,含有或表达表C中C-1~C-14性状的植物,其总体或部分或所述植物的繁殖材料用本发明活性化合物组合物进行处理或接触。
表D
非穷尽地列举参考专利申请中本发明可实施的转基因事件和性状。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,含有转基因事件或表达表D中D-1~D-48性状的植物,其总体或部分或所述植物的繁殖材料用本发明活性化合物组合物进行处理或接触。
表E
非穷尽地列举转基因事件和性状以及它们的商品名。
在一个实施方案中,含有转基因事件或表达表E中B-1~E-50的植物,其总体或部分或所述植物的繁殖材料单独用本发明的活性化合物组合物进行处理或接触。
根据本发明,用本发明的活性化合物组合物可以以特别有利的方式处理所列的植物。活性化合物组合物的上述优选范围也可用于处理这些植物。特别优选用本发明特别提到的活性化合物组合物处理的植物。
可将活性化合物转化为常规制剂,例如溶液、乳剂、可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、粉末剂、膏剂、可溶性粉剂、颗粒剂、悬乳浓缩剂、经活性化合物浸渍的天然材料、经活性化合物浸渍的合成材料以及聚合物中的微胶囊剂。
这些制剂以已知方式制备,例如将活性化合物与填充剂混合,即与液体溶剂和/或固体载体混合,任选使用表面活性剂,即乳化剂和/或分散剂和/或发泡剂。
适于用作助剂的为适于将特定特性例如某些技术特性和/或特定生物学特性赋予活性化合物组合物本身和/或由其得到的制剂(例如喷洒液、拌种剂)的物质。典型的合适助剂有:填充剂、溶剂和载体。
合适的填充剂是,例如水、极性和非极性的有机化学液剂,例如芳香烃和非芳香烃类(例如石蜡、烷基苯、烷基萘、氯苯)、醇类和多元醇类(如果合适,其也可被取代、醚化和/或酯化)、酮类(例如丙酮、环己酮)、酯类(包括脂肪和油)和(聚)醚类、未被取代的和被取代的胺类、酰胺类、内酰胺类(例如N-烷基吡咯烷酮)和内酯类、砜和亚砜类(例如二甲亚砜)。
如果所用填充剂为水,还可使用例如有机溶剂作为助溶剂。合适的液体溶剂主要有:芳香族化合物,例如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯代芳香族化合物和氯代脂族烃,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂族烃,例如环己烷或石蜡,如石油级分、矿物油和植物油;醇类,例如丁醇或乙二醇,及其醚和酯;酮类,例如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,例如二甲亚砜;以及水。
合适的固体载体有:
例如铵盐,和粉碎的天然矿物如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩、石英、绿坡缕石、蒙脱石或硅藻土,及粉碎的合成矿物如细分散的二氧化硅、氧化铝和硅酸盐;合适的颗粒剂固体载体有:例如粉碎并分级的天然岩石,例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石和白云石;及无机及有机粉的合成颗粒;及有机材料颗粒,例如纸、锯屑、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎;合适的乳化剂和/或发泡剂有:例如非离子及阴离子型乳化剂,例如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚,如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚,烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐,以及蛋白质水解产物;合适的分散剂有非离子和/或离子型物质,例如醇-POE和/或醇-POP醚、酸和/或POP-POE酯、烷基芳基和/或POP-POE醚、脂肪-和/或POP-POE加合物、POE-和/或POP-多元醇衍生物、POE-和/或POP-脱水山梨糖醇加合物或POE-和/或POP-蔗糖加合物、烷基或芳基硫酸酯、烷基或芳基磺酸酯,及烷基或芳基磷酸酯,或者相应的PO-醚加合物。此外,合适的低聚物或聚合物,例如由乙烯单体、丙烯酸形成的低聚物或高聚物,由EO和/或PO单独形成的或与例如(多元)醇或(多元)胺相结合而得到的低聚物或聚合物。也可使用木质素及其磺酸衍生物、未经修饰的和经修饰的纤维素、芳香族和/或脂肪族磺酸及它们与甲醛的加合物。
制剂中可使用增粘剂,例如羧甲基纤维素,以及粉末、颗粒或胶乳形式的天然的和合成的聚合物,例如阿拉伯胶、聚乙烯醇和聚乙酸乙烯酯,及天然磷脂,例如脑磷脂和卵磷脂,及合成磷脂。其它添加剂可为矿物和植物油。
可使用着色剂,例如无机颜料,如氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士蓝;及有机染料,例如茜素染料、偶氮染料和金属酞菁染料;及微量营养物质,例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐和锌盐。
制剂通常含有0.01至95重量%的活性化合物,优选0.5至90重量%的活性化合物,还优选含有填充剂和/或表面活性剂。
从市售制剂中制备的使用形式的活性化合物含量可在较宽的范围内变化。使用形式的活性化合物浓度可为0.0000001至95重量%的活性化合物,优选0.0001至1重量%。
适合以使用形式的方式进行施用。
接下来,用实施例举例说明活性化合物组合物的杀虫和/杀螨活性。然而单独的活性化合物所表现出的作用较弱,组合物所表现出的活性超出了活性的简单叠加。
当活性化合物组合物的活性超过活性化合物单独使用时的活性总和,总是存在杀虫剂/杀螨剂的协同作用。
根据S.R.Colby,Weeds15(1967),20-22,可计算给定的两种活性化合物的组合物的预期活性,如下所述:
如果
X为当活性化合物A以mg/ha的施用率或mppm的浓度施用时,以未处理对照的%表示的死亡率,
Y为当活性化合物B以ng/ha的施用率或nppm的浓度施用时,未处理对照的%表示的死亡率,
E为当活性化合物A和B以m和ng/ha的施用率或和m和nppm的浓度施用时,未处理对照的%表示的死亡率,
那么
如果实际杀虫的杀死率超过计算值时,则组合物的死亡率具超加成性,也即,呈现协同效果。在这种情况下,实际所观察到的死亡率必须超过使用上述期望死亡率(E)公式的计算值。
应用例
实施例A
棉蚜(Aphisgossypii)试验
为产生活性化合物的合适制剂,将所需的制剂与水混合,并将浓缩液用水稀释至所需浓度。
用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷雾处理各自盆栽的常规或含抗除草剂编码基因的转基因棉花,这些棉花已经被棉蚜严重感染。
在所需时间后,测定死亡的百分率。100%表示所有蚜虫都被杀死;0%表示没有蚜虫被杀死。将测定的死亡率代入到Colby公式(见表1)。
例如,在这一试验中,与单独施用的活性化合物相比,本发明的下述活性化合物组合物表现出协同增强活性:
表A1:棉蚜(Aphisgossypii)试验
*found=观察到的活性
**calc.=用Colby公式计算的活性
PTX=植物损害
螺虫乙酯=A.2
表A2:棉蚜试验
*found=观察到的活性
**calc.=用Colby公式计算的活性
表A3:棉蚜试验
*found=观察到的活性
**calc.=用Colby公式计算的活性
Claims (10)
1.包含A.2化合物和草甘膦或草铵膦化合物的活性化合物组合物,
其中A2化合物与草甘膦或草铵膦的混合比例为1:100~100:1。
2.如权利要求1所述的活性化合物组合物,含有至少一种下述安全剂:解草嗪、解草酯、啶酰菌胺、二氯丙烯胺、解草啶、解草唑、解草噁唑、双苯噁唑酸、吡唑解草酸、4-(二氯乙酰基)-1-氧杂-4-氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷、2,2,5-三甲基-3-(二氯乙酰基)-1,3-噁唑烷。
3.农用化学组合物,含有权利要求1或2所述的活性化合物组合物和填充剂和/或表面活性剂。
4.权利要求1或2所述的活性化合物组合物或权利要求3所述的组合物在控制动物害虫和/或有害植物中的应用。
5.控制动物害虫和/或有害植物的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1或2所述的活性化合物组合物或权利要求3所述的组合物作用于动物害虫、有害植物和/或它们的栖息地。
6.制备农用化学组合物的方法,其特征在于,将权利要求1或2所述的活性化合组组合物与填充剂和/或表面活性剂混合。
7.控制动物害虫和/或有害植物的方法,其中将权利要求1所述的A.2化合物和草甘膦或草铵膦化合物的市售制剂,以及任选地,权利要求2所述的安全剂共同施用到转基因蔬菜、棉花和大豆或所述转基因蔬菜、棉花和大豆的地上部分。
8.提高转基因植物生产潜能的方法,其通过用有效量的权利要求1或2所述的活性化合物组合物处理转基因植物以控制动物害虫和/或有害植物和/或改善植物健康状况、和/或提高对非生物胁迫的抗性来进行,其中所述转基因植物为转基因蔬菜、棉花和大豆。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述转基因植物为大豆或棉花。
10.权利要求1或2所述的活性化合物组合物在转基因植物中的应用,其中所述转基因植物为转基因蔬菜、棉花和大豆。
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IN2014DN00156A (zh) | 2015-05-22 |
CN103717076A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
US9265252B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
BR112014002855A2 (pt) | 2017-02-21 |
AU2012293636B2 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
AR088146A1 (es) | 2014-05-14 |
US20140208463A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
AU2012293636A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
WO2013020985A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
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