WO2004068627A1 - 光電変換素子およびその製造方法ならびに電子装置およびその製造方法ならびに半導体層およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
光電変換素子およびその製造方法ならびに電子装置およびその製造方法ならびに半導体層およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004068627A1 WO2004068627A1 PCT/JP2003/016938 JP0316938W WO2004068627A1 WO 2004068627 A1 WO2004068627 A1 WO 2004068627A1 JP 0316938 W JP0316938 W JP 0316938W WO 2004068627 A1 WO2004068627 A1 WO 2004068627A1
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- semiconductor layer
- fine particles
- semiconductor
- semiconductor fine
- photoelectric conversion
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- 239000008279 sol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001018 xanthene dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/36—Compounds of titanium
- C09C1/3607—Titanium dioxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element, a method of manufacturing the same, an electronic device, a method of manufacturing the same, a semiconductor layer, and a method of manufacturing the same.
- the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element, a method for manufacturing the same, an electronic device, a method for manufacturing the same, and a semiconductor layer and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a semiconductor layer composed of semiconductor fine particles, particularly semiconductor fine particles sensitized by a dye. It is suitable for application to a photoelectric conversion element using a semiconductor layer made of. Background art.
- Amorphous silicon solar cells have features such as higher light absorption, a wider selection range of substrates, and easier area enlargement than crystalline silicon solar cells, but they have a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency. Lower than silicon-based solar cells.
- amorphous silicon solar cells have higher productivity than crystalline silicon solar cells, but require a vacuum process for manufacturing, as with crystalline silicon solar cells, and impose a burden on facilities. Is still large.
- the general structure of this dye-sensitized solar cell is composed of a semiconductor porous electrode formed by combining a semiconductor porous film such as titanium oxide formed on a transparent conductive substrate with a sensitizing dye, and a platinum layer or the like on the substrate. It is a combination of a counter electrode obtained by forming an electrode and an organic electrolyte containing oxidizing and reducing species such as iodine and iodide ions.
- the semiconductor porous electrode used is a mixture of semiconductor fine particles (such as titanium oxide fine particles) and a high molecular compound such as polyethylene glycol or polystyrene as a binder, which is then mixed with a doctor blade method, a spin coat method, or a dip coating method. It can be obtained by applying the composition on a transparent conductive substrate by a method or the like, and then baking at a temperature of 400 ° C. to 500 ° C. for 30 minutes to 1 hour.
- This semiconductor porous electrode is 20 to 3 It consists of a semiconductor layer (or semiconductor thin film) consisting of semiconductor fine particles with a fine particle size of about 0 nm, and there are many pores in the electrode with a diameter of 1 O nm at the center of distribution.
- the titanium oxide porous electrode which is a semiconductor porous electrode suitable for a photoelectric conversion element, is an anatase-type fine particle thin film having a small particle size, a large specific surface area, and a high photocatalytic activity.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that a semiconductor layer composed of semiconductor fine particles has a very small amount of residual organic matter, and the semiconductor layer has a small crystal grain size, a large specific surface area and a high photocatalytic activity. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photoelectric conversion element having a high photoelectric conversion efficiency and a method for producing the same.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that, more generally, the residual organic matter in a semiconductor layer composed of semiconductor fine particles is extremely small, and the crystal grain size of the semiconductor layer is small, the specific surface area is large, and the photocatalytic activity is high. Crystal structure An electronic device having excellent characteristics and a method for manufacturing the same. Disclosure of the invention
- a first invention of the present invention is:
- a method of manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element in which a base in which semiconductor fine particles and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed is applied onto a transparent conductive substrate, and then baked to form a semiconductor layer made of semiconductor fine particles.
- the semiconductor layer is formed, the semiconductor layer is irradiated with ultraviolet light, and the organic substances remaining in the semiconductor layer are removed by utilizing the photocatalysis of the semiconductor fine particles.
- the second invention of this invention is:
- a paste obtained by mixing a semiconductor fine particle and a binder made of a polymer compound is applied on a transparent conductive substrate, and then baked to be made of semiconductor fine particles. After the formation of the semiconductor layer, the semiconductor layer was irradiated with ultraviolet light to remove organic substances remaining in the semiconductor layer by utilizing the photocatalytic action of the semiconductor fine particles.
- the third invention of this invention is:
- Carbon component content in the semiconductor layer is 1 atomic% or less, the preferably 0.6 atomic 0/0 or less, more preferably 0.3 atomic 0/0 or less, more preferably 0.1 atomic 0/0 or less It is.
- the semiconductor fine particles are preferably semiconductors exhibiting photocatalytic activity by generating holes / active oxygen species trapped on the surface under photoexcitation, and one type exhibiting this photocatalytic activity.
- the semiconductor fine particles exhibiting the photocatalytic activity include, for example, titanium oxide (particularly preferably having an anatase crystal structure), zinc oxide, and strontium titanate.
- the average particle size of the primary particles is preferably from 1 to 200 nm, particularly preferably from 5 to 100 nm.
- the average particle size of the semiconductor fine particles separately mixed is preferably 20 to 500 nm.
- the thickness of a semiconductor layer composed of semiconductor fine particles increases, so that the light capture rate increases.However, the diffusion distance of injected electrons increases, and the loss due to charge recombination increases. Will also be large.
- this semiconductor layer it is generally between 0.1 and 100 wm, preferably between 1 and 50 m, particularly preferably between 3 and 30 im. is there.
- Chemical treatment using titanium tetrachloride aqueous solution or titanium trichloride aqueous solution to increase the surface area of semiconductor fine particles, remove impurities in the semiconductor layer composed of semiconductor fine particles, and increase the efficiency of electron injection from dye into semiconductor fine particles Electrochemical treatment may be carried out using the same.
- the impedance of the semiconductor layer composed of semiconductor particles A conductive assistant may be added for the purpose of reduction.
- the binder made of a polymer compound to be added to the paste is insoluble in a dye solution or an electrolytic solution during dye dyeing.
- the binder can be removed in advance by baking or irradiation with ultraviolet light, the binder does not need to be insoluble.
- Known high-molecular compounds can be used, such as celluloses, polyesters, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, polystyrene, polyethyleneimine, poly ( (Meth) methyl acrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, styrene butadiene rubber, polyamide imide, polytetrafluoroethylene (fluororesin), etc., but are not limited thereto. It may be used.
- this polymer compound those having an excellent viscosity are preferable, and specific examples thereof include polyethylene glycol-polystyrene.
- a method for preparing a base in which semiconductor fine particles and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed there is no particular limitation on a method for preparing a base in which semiconductor fine particles and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed.
- a wet film forming method is preferable. It is preferable to uniformly disperse the powder or sol in a solvent such as water, add a binder to prepare a paste, and apply the paste on a transparent conductive substrate.
- the coating method is not particularly limited and can be performed according to a known method.
- the anatase type titanium oxide may be a commercially available powder, sol, slurry, or a known method such as not hydrolyzing the titanium oxide alkoxide. May be made to have a predetermined particle size.
- a commercially available powder it is preferable to eliminate secondary aggregation of the particles, and it is preferable to grind the particles using a mortar or a ball mill when preparing the coating solution.
- an acid such as acetylaceton, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, an alkali, a surfactant, a chelating agent, and the like can be added in order to prevent the particles after the secondary aggregation from being aggregated again.
- the paste After applying a base containing a mixture of semiconductor fine particles and a binder made of a polymer compound, the paste is usually dried to remove the solvent contained in the paste, and the drying temperature is not higher than the boiling point of the solvent.
- the temperature is generally about 50 ° C
- the temperature is generally about 80 ° C.
- the ultraviolet light for irradiating the semiconductor layer basically any wavelength may be used as long as the photon energy is equal to or higher than the band gap energy of the semiconductor fine particles used.
- basically any type of ultraviolet light source may be used, such as a lamp light source, a semiconductor light source (semiconductor laser, a light emitting diode), a laser light source other than a semiconductor laser (excimer laser, etc.). ) May be used.
- Specific examples include ultraviolet light from ultra-high pressure mercury lamps (wavelengths: 254 nm, 303 nm, 313 nm, 365 nm, etc., mainly 365 nm).
- the dye to be supported on the semiconductor fine particles is not particularly limited as long as it has a charge separation function and exhibits a sensitizing effect.
- Examples thereof include xanthene dyes such as rhodamine B, rose bengal, eosin, and ellis mouth.
- Cyanine dyes such as quinocyanine, cryptosyanine, etc .; basic dyes such as phenosafuranine, force brillou, tosine, methylene blue, chlorophyll, zinc vorphyrin, magnesium vorphyrin, etc.
- Examples include porphyrin compounds, azo dyes, phthalocyanine compounds, coumarin compounds, complex compounds such as ruthenium (Ru) trisbipyridyl, anthraquinone dyes, polycyclic quinone dyes, and coumarin dyes.
- Ru ruthenium trisbipyridyl
- anthraquinone dyes polycyclic quinone dyes
- coumarin dyes e.g., coumarin dyes.
- Ru trisbipyridyl complex compound is particularly preferred because of its high quantum yield, but is not limited thereto, and these pigments can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the above-mentioned dye may be alcohols, nitriles, nitromethane, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers, dimethyl sulfoxide, amides, N- Dissolve in a solvent such as methylbi-lidone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, 3-methyloxazolidinone, esters, carbonates, ketones, hydrocarbons, water, etc., and immerse the semiconductor layer consisting of semiconductor particles in this
- a method of applying a dye solution to a semiconductor layer composed of semiconductor fine particles is generally used.
- the charged amount of the dye molecule per 1 semiconductor fine particle is 1 to 1000 molecules, and 1 to 100 molecules is more preferable.
- the dye molecules are excessively supported on the semiconductor fine particles, electrons excited by light energy are not injected into the semiconductor fine particles, and the electrolyte is reduced, thereby causing energy loss. Therefore, the dye molecule is ideally in a state of adsorbing a single molecule to the semiconductor fine particles, and the temperature and pressure at which the dye molecule is supported can be changed as necessary.
- a carboxylic acid such as dexoxycholic acid may be added.
- an ultraviolet absorber can be used in combination.
- the surface of the semiconductor layer composed of semiconductor fine particles loaded with the dye may be treated with an organic substance such as amines or acetonitrile.
- organic substance such as amines or acetonitrile.
- amines include pyridine, 4-tert-butylpyridine, and polyvinylpyridine. When these are liquids, they may be used as they are, or may be used by dissolving them in an organic solvent.
- the transparent conductive substrate may be one obtained by forming a transparent electrode (transparent conductive film) on a conductive or non-conductive transparent support substrate, or may be a conductive transparent substrate as a whole.
- the material of the transparent support substrate or the transparent substrate is not particularly limited, and various substrates can be used as long as they are transparent or transparent and have conductivity. It is preferable that the transparent support substrate or the transparent substrate has excellent properties such as a property of blocking moisture and gas entering from the outside of the photoelectric conversion element, a solvent resistance, a weather resistance, and the like.
- Inorganic substrate Polyethylene terephthalate, Polyethylene naphthalate, Polycarbonate, Polystyrene, Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyphenylene sulfide, Polyvinylidene fluoride, Tetraacetyl cellulose, Brominated phenoxy, Alamides, Polyamide Examples include, but are not limited to, transparent plastic substrates such as mids, polystyrenes, polyarylates, polysulfones, and polyolefins. From the viewpoints of workability, light weight, and the like, it is preferable to use a transparent plastic substrate as the transparent support substrate or the transparent substrate.
- the thickness of the transparent support substrate or the transparent substrate is not particularly limited, and can be freely selected depending on the light transmittance, the property of shielding the inside and outside of the photoelectric conversion element, and the like.
- the sheet resistance of the transparent conductive substrate is preferably as low as possible. Specifically, the sheet resistance of the transparent conductive substrate is preferably 500 ⁇ / b or less, more preferably 100 ⁇ / port or less.
- a transparent electrode is formed on a transparent support substrate, basically any material can be used as long as it has conductivity and transparency. However, conductivity, transparency, and heat resistance can be used. Indium-tin composite oxide (ITO), It is preferable to use fluorine doping S n ⁇ 2 (FTO), S n 0 2, etc. Among them, IT ⁇ is preferable in terms of cost. Two or more of these materials may be used in combination.
- any material can be used as long as it is a conductive material.
- an insulating material can be used if a conductive layer is provided on the side facing the semiconductor layer.
- it is preferable to use a material that is electrochemically stable as the electrode material and specifically, it is desirable to use platinum, gold, a conductive polymer, carbon, or the like.
- the surface facing the semiconductor layer has a fine structure and an increased surface area. If there is, it is desired that it is in a porous state.
- the platinum black state can be formed by anodization of platinum or platinum chloride oxidation, and the porous carbon can be formed by a method such as sintering carbon fine particles or sintering an organic polymer.
- the electrolyte serves as a carrier transfer layer, and is composed of a redox couple and a solvent.
- Redox couple is, specifically, for example, iodine (1 2) and the iodine compound (a metal iodide, an organic such as iodides) a combination of bromine (B r 2) and bromine compound (metal bromide, organic bromide such as ), Metal complexes such as phthalocyanate. / Quinone can be used.
- the cation of the metal compound include Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, and CS.
- Examples of the cation of the organic compound include tetraalkylammoniums.
- Quaternary ammonium compounds such as pyridiniums and imidazolymes are suitable, but not limited thereto, and two or more of these can be used as needed, if desired.
- 1 2, and i I electrolyte that combines quaternary Anmoniumu of compounds such as N a I and imidazo Riu Muyo over die de are preferred.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt is preferably 0.05 to 5 M, more preferably 0.2 to 1 M, based on the solvent.
- concentration of I 2 or Br 2 is preferably from 0.005 to 1 M, more preferably from 0.001 to 0.1 M.
- additives such as 4-tert-butylpyridine, 2_n-propylpyridine, and carboxylic acid can be added for the purpose of improving the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current.
- the solvent constituting the electrolyte composition include water, alcohols, ethers, esters, carbonates, lactones, carboxylic esters, phosphate triesters, heterocyclic compounds, and nitriles. , Ketones, amides, nitromethane, halogenated hydrocarbons, dimethylsulfoxide, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, 3-methyloxazolidinone, hydrocarbons, etc.
- the present invention is not limited thereto, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. It is also possible to use a room temperature ionic liquid of a tetraalkyl-based, pyridinium-based, or imidazolym-based quaternary ammonium salt as a solvent.
- the photoelectric conversion element and volatilization of the electrolyte it is also possible to dissolve a gelling agent, a polymer, a crosslinking monomer, and the like in the above-mentioned electrolyte composition and use it as a gel electrolyte.
- the ratio between the germanic matrix and the electrolyte composition the more the electrolyte composition is, the higher the ion conductivity is, but the lower the mechanical strength is.
- the amount of the electrolyte composition is too small, the mechanical strength is high, but the ionic conductivity is reduced. 50-99 wt% of the solid electrolyte is desirable, and 80-97 wt% is more preferred.
- it is also possible to realize an all-solid-state photoelectric conversion element by dissolving in a polymer using the above-mentioned electrolyte and plasticizer and volatilizing and removing the plasticizer.
- the method for manufacturing the photoelectric conversion element is not particularly limited.
- the electrolyte composition can be in a liquid state or can be gelled inside the photoelectric conversion element.
- the substrate portion on which the semiconductor layer is not formed is sealed so that the two electrodes are not in contact with each other.
- the gap between the semiconductor layer and the counter electrode is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m, and more preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m. If the distance between the electrodes is too long, the photocurrent will decrease due to the decrease in conductivity.
- a material having light resistance, insulation, and moisture resistance is preferable.
- an injection port for injecting the solution of the electrolyte composition is necessary, but the location of the injection port is not particularly limited as long as it is not on the counter electrode of the semiconductor layer and a portion facing the semiconductor layer.
- the injection method it is preferable to inject the liquid into the above-mentioned cell, which is sealed in advance and has an opening for injecting the solution. In this case, it is simple to drop several drops of the solution into the injection port and inject the solution by capillary action.
- the injection operation can be performed under reduced pressure or under heating, if necessary. After the solution has been completely injected, remove the solution remaining in the inlet and seal the inlet. There is no particular limitation on the sealing method, but if necessary, a glass plate or a plastic substrate can be adhered with a sealing agent for sealing. In the case of a gel electrolyte using a polymer or the like, or an all-solid electrolyte, the The polymer solution containing the composition and the plasticizer is volatilized and removed by a casting method. After completely removing the plasticizer, sealing is performed in the same manner as in the above method. This sealing is preferably performed using a vacuum sealer or the like under an inert gas atmosphere or under reduced pressure. After sealing, heating and pressurizing operations can be performed as necessary to sufficiently impregnate the electrolyte into the semiconductor layer.
- the photoelectric conversion element can be manufactured in various shapes depending on its use, and the shape is not particularly limited.
- the semiconductor layer is irradiated with ultraviolet light to remove organic substances remaining in the semiconductor layer by utilizing the photocatalytic action of the semiconductor fine particles.
- the present invention can be applied not only to elements but also to all electronic devices using a semiconductor layer composed of approximately semiconductor fine particles.
- the fourth invention of this invention is:
- a paste comprising a mixture of semiconductor fine particles and a binder made of a polymer compound is applied to a substrate and baked to form a semiconductor layer made of semiconductor fine particles.
- the semiconductor layer is irradiated with ultraviolet light to remove organic substances remaining in the semiconductor layer by utilizing the photocatalytic action of the semiconductor fine particles.
- a base in which semiconductor fine particles and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed is applied onto a substrate, and after baking, the semiconductor layer made of semiconductor fine particles is formed. Irradiating the semiconductor layer with ultraviolet light, Organic substances remaining in the semiconductor layer were removed by using photocatalysis
- the sixth invention of the present invention is:
- the substrate on which the semiconductor layer is formed does not necessarily need to have conductivity or transparency.
- a method of manufacturing a semiconductor layer in which a base in which semiconductor fine particles and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed is applied onto a substrate and baked to form a semiconductor layer made of semiconductor fine particles. After that, the semiconductor layer is irradiated with ultraviolet light, and organic matter remaining in the semiconductor layer is removed by utilizing the photocatalysis of the semiconductor fine particles.
- a paste comprising a mixture of semiconductor fine particles and a binder made of a polymer compound is applied to a substrate, and the semiconductor layer is formed by baking to form a semiconductor layer made of semiconductor fine particles.
- the organic matter remaining in the semiconductor layer was removed by utilizing the photocatalysis of It is characterized by the following.
- the ninth invention of the present invention is
- the substrate on which the semiconductor layer is formed does not necessarily need to have conductivity or transparency.
- a semiconductor layer made of semiconductor fine particles is formed.
- the organic substances remaining in the semiconductor layer are oxidatively decomposed by the photocatalytic action of the semiconductor fine particles and are removed as carbon dioxide and water.
- the semiconductor fine particles are made of titanium oxide, the surface changes to hydrophilic (the surface hydroxyl groups increase), so that the bonding between the semiconductor fine particles is caused. Strengthening facilitates electron transfer between semiconductor particles.
- FIG. 1 shows a dye-sensitized wet-type photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a principal part of a dye-sensitized wet-type photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. A paste in which fine particles and a binder made of a high molecular compound are mixed is applied and baked to form a semiconductor layer. Then, when the semiconductor layer is irradiated with ultraviolet light, the carbon content of the semiconductor layer is determined.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship with ultraviolet light irradiation time.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which a paste in which titanium oxide fine particles and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed is applied and baked.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing current-voltage curves of a dye-sensitized wet-type photoelectric conversion element when a semiconductor layer is formed and then ultraviolet light is irradiated to the semiconductor layer and when ultraviolet light is not irradiated.
- FIG. 1 shows a dye-sensitized wet photoelectric conversion device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a semiconductor layer 2 (semiconductor electrode) made of semiconductor fine particles having photocatalytic activity and carrying a dye is formed on a transparent conductive substrate 1.
- a counter electrode in which a platinum layer 4 is formed on a transparent substrate 3 are arranged such that the semiconductor layer 1 and the platinum layer 4 face each other at a predetermined interval.
- An electrolyte layer (electrolyte solution) 5 is sealed in the space between them.
- the electrolyte layer 5 is sealed by a predetermined sealing member not shown.
- the semiconductor layer 2 is formed by applying a paste of a mixture of semiconductor fine particles having photocatalytic activity and a binder made of a polymer compound onto the transparent electrode 2, sintering the paste, and irradiating the paste with ultraviolet light. Are removed, and then sensitizing dye is carried on the semiconductor fine particles.
- FIG. 2 shows a dye-sensitized wet photoelectric conversion element particularly when the transparent conductive substrate 1 has a transparent electrode 1b formed on a transparent substrate 1a.
- the transparent conductive substrate 1 (or the transparent substrate 1 a and the transparent electrode 1 b), the semiconductor layer 1 composed of semiconductor fine particles, the transparent substrate 3, and the electrolyte layer 5 are selected as necessary from those already listed. be able to.
- the transparent conductive substrate 1 is prepared.
- the semiconductor fine particles are sintered on the transparent conductive substrate 1 by firing at a temperature of, for example, 400 to 500 ° C. for, for example, 30 minutes to 1 hour. Thereby, the semiconductor layer 2 composed of semiconductor fine particles is formed on the transparent conductive substrate 1.
- the semiconductor layer 2 is irradiated with ultraviolet light, and the organic substances remaining in the semiconductor layer 2 are removed by photocatalytic decomposition by the photocatalysis of the semiconductor fine particles. Thereafter, the semiconductor layer 2 is immersed in a dye solution or the like so that the semiconductor fine particles carry the dye. This color element can be selected as needed from the ones already listed.
- a transparent substrate 3 is separately prepared, and a platinum layer 4 is formed thereon. Then, the transparent conductive substrate 1 on which the semiconductor layer 2 is formed and the transparent substrate 3 on which the platinum layer 4 is formed are separated by a predetermined distance between the semiconductor layer 2 and the platinum layer 4, for example, 1 to 100 im, Preferably, they are arranged so as to face each other at an interval of 1 to 50 m, and a space for enclosing the electrolyte layer 5 is created using a predetermined sealing member, and a liquid injection formed in this space in advance 16938 Inject electrolyte layer 5 through mouth. Then, close the injection port. Thus, a dye-sensitized wet photoelectric conversion element is manufactured.
- a paste in which semiconductor fine particles exhibiting photocatalytic activity and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed is applied to the transparent conductive substrate 1 and baked to form the semiconductor layer.
- the semiconductor layer 2 By irradiating the semiconductor layer 2 with ultraviolet light after the formation of 2, the residual organic matter in the semiconductor layer 2 can be removed by the photocatalysis of the semiconductor fine particles. For this reason, the bonding between the semiconductor fine particles in the semiconductor layer 2 is improved, so that electrons can easily move between the semiconductor fine particles, and as a result, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved.
- the baking temperature or lengthen the baking time in order to reduce the amount of organic substances remaining in the semiconductor layer 2, it is possible to prevent the crystal grain size from being increased, and thereby it is possible to prevent the crystal grain size from increasing.
- the specific surface area can be prevented from decreasing, and the crystal structure (rutile type in the case of titanium oxide) having a low photocatalytic activity does not change, so that a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency can be prevented.
- the firing temperature required for forming the semiconductor layer 2 can be kept low, a plastic substrate that is cheaper and more flexible than a glass substrate is used as the transparent conductive substrate 1. It is possible to do.
- a dye-sensitized wet-type solar cell will be described as an example of a dye-sensitized wet-type photoelectric conversion element.
- a dye-sensitized wet solar cell was manufactured as follows. First, 1.5 wt% of polyethylene glycol is further mixed with titanium oxide paste, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour with a hybrid mixer. After defoaming, the mixture is allowed to stand for 24 hours to produce a titanium oxide paste.
- the obtained titanium oxide paste was applied to a fluorine-doped conductive glass substrate having a sheet resistance of 15 ⁇ / port as a transparent conductive substrate 1 by a 1-cm x 1. It was applied to a gap of 5 cm in size of 5 cm and dried at 50 ° C for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature was maintained at 450 ° C. for 30 minutes, and titanium oxide was sintered on a fluorine-doped conductive glass substrate to form a semiconductor layer 2 composed of titanium oxide fine particles. The thickness of the obtained semiconductor layer 2 was about 1311 m.
- the content of organic substances in the semiconductor layer 2 composed of the titanium oxide fine particles thus obtained was measured by EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrum). As a result, the amount of organic substances (carbon (C) component content) contained in the semiconductor layer 2 was about 1.4 atom%.
- FIG. 3 shows the change in the carbon component content of the semiconductor layer 2 with respect to the ultraviolet light irradiation time. From Fig. 3, it can be seen that the content of carbon components, which was about 1.4 atom% at first, gradually decreased due to the photocatalytic action of titanium oxide with UV light irradiation time, and 0.6 atom% or less, 10 hours after irradiation for 5 hours. By irradiation It can be seen that the carbon content in the semiconductor layer 2 is almost completely decomposed and disappears (0.1 atom% or less) after irradiation for 70 hours.
- an electrolyte is applied to the semiconductor layer 2 composed of titanium oxide fine particles carrying a dye, and then combined with a platinum layer 4 formed to a thickness of 100 nm on a transparent substrate 3 by a sputtering method to increase the dye.
- a moisture-sensitive solar cell was obtained.
- the measurement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency was performed by connecting a peri-clip to each of a fluorine-doped conductive glass substrate as a transparent conductive substrate 1 and a transparent substrate 3 having a platinum layer 4 formed thereon, in each of the dye-sensitized wet-type solar cells.
- the current and voltage generated when the dye-sensitized humidity-type solar cell was irradiated with light were measured with a current-voltage measuring device.
- the light irradiation was performed using AM 1.5 as a light source, and the light intensity on the dye-sensitized wet solar cell was set to 100 mW cm 2 .
- FIG. 4 shows measurement results of current-voltage curves when the semiconductor layer 2 made of titanium oxide fine particles is irradiated with ultraviolet light and when ultraviolet light is not irradiated, each of which is a measurement result of four samples. From Fig. 4, titanium oxide fine particles It can be seen that, when the semiconductor layer 2 made of semiconductor is irradiated with ultraviolet light, the photoelectric conversion efficiency increases from about 3.7% to 4.1% to about 4.4%. It is probable that this was the result of the increase in short circuit current, open circuit voltage and fill factor.
- the improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency is achieved by irradiating the semiconductor layer 2 made of titanium oxide fine particles with ultraviolet light, whereby the remaining organic matter is photocatalytically decomposed, thereby strengthening the bonding between the titanium oxide fine particles. It is thought to be due to It can be said that the ultraviolet light irradiation treatment on the semiconductor layer 2 composed of titanium oxide fine particles is an effective means for improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the dye-humidified solar cell.
- a semiconductor layer made of semiconductor fine particles is formed.
- the organic matter remaining in the semiconductor layer is removed by the photocatalytic action of the semiconductor fine particles, so that the residual organic matter in the semiconductor layer can be significantly reduced.
- substantially no residual organic matter can be present. This improves the bonding between the semiconductor particles in the semiconductor layer and facilitates the transfer of electrons between them, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. I do.
- a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency can be prevented.
- the firing temperature required for forming the semiconductor layer can be kept low, a transparent conductive substrate or an inexpensive and flexible plastic substrate can be used as the substrate.
- a photoelectric conversion element having excellent photoelectric conversion characteristics can be obtained. More generally, an electronic device having excellent characteristics can be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/543,050 US7820471B2 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2003-12-26 | Photoelectric conversion element and process for fabricating the same, electronic apparatus and process for fabricating the same, and semiconductor layer and process for forming the same |
AU2003296152A AU2003296152A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2003-12-26 | Photoelectric conversion element and process for fabricating the same, electronic apparatus and process for fabricating the same, and semiconductor layer and process for forming the same |
US12/816,525 US20100255632A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2010-06-16 | Photoelectric conversion device, its manufacturing method, electronic apparatus, its manufacturing method, semiconductor layer, and its manufacturing method |
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JP2003021410A JP2004234988A (ja) | 2003-01-30 | 2003-01-30 | 光電変換素子およびその製造方法ならびに電子装置およびその製造方法ならびに半導体層およびその製造方法 |
JP2003-21410 | 2003-01-30 |
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US12/816,525 Continuation US20100255632A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 | 2010-06-16 | Photoelectric conversion device, its manufacturing method, electronic apparatus, its manufacturing method, semiconductor layer, and its manufacturing method |
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US (2) | US7820471B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2004234988A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003296152A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004068627A1 (ja) |
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- 2003-12-26 AU AU2003296152A patent/AU2003296152A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-26 WO PCT/JP2003/016938 patent/WO2004068627A1/ja active Application Filing
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US20060185717A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
US7820471B2 (en) | 2010-10-26 |
US20100255632A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
JP2004234988A (ja) | 2004-08-19 |
AU2003296152A1 (en) | 2004-08-23 |
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