TWI458070B - 具有連接主動晶片之內插物之堆疊微電子組件 - Google Patents
具有連接主動晶片之內插物之堆疊微電子組件 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI458070B TWI458070B TW100144451A TW100144451A TWI458070B TW I458070 B TWI458070 B TW I458070B TW 100144451 A TW100144451 A TW 100144451A TW 100144451 A TW100144451 A TW 100144451A TW I458070 B TWI458070 B TW I458070B
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- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 title claims description 181
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 58
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nobelium Chemical compound [No] ORQBXQOJMQIAOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001257 Nb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001362 Ta alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
- H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
- H01L25/04—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
- H01L25/065—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L27/00
- H01L25/0657—Stacked arrangements of devices
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- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/48—Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
- H01L21/4814—Conductive parts
- H01L21/4846—Leads on or in insulating or insulated substrates, e.g. metallisation
- H01L21/486—Via connections through the substrate with or without pins
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- H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76898—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics formed through a semiconductor substrate
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- H01L23/481—Internal lead connections, e.g. via connections, feedthrough structures
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- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
- H01L23/49822—Multilayer substrates
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- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/498—Leads, i.e. metallisations or lead-frames on insulating substrates, e.g. chip carriers
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- H01L25/16—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. forming hybrid circuits
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- H01L2224/10—Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/15—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the bump connectors after the connecting process
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- H01L2224/161—Disposition
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- H01L2224/16225—Disposition the bump connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being non-metallic, e.g. insulating substrate with or without metallisation
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- H01L2225/03—All the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/648 and H10K99/00
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- H01L2225/065—All the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/648 and H10K99/00 the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L27/00
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- H01L2225/06541—Conductive via connections through the device, e.g. vertical interconnects, through silicon via [TSV]
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- H01L2225/04—All the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/648 and H10K99/00 the devices not having separate containers
- H01L2225/065—All the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/648 and H10K99/00 the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L27/00
- H01L2225/06503—Stacked arrangements of devices
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- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/151—Die mounting substrate
- H01L2924/153—Connection portion
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- H01L2924/15311—Connection portion the connection portion being formed only on the surface of the substrate opposite to the die mounting surface being a ball array, e.g. BGA
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- Production Of Multi-Layered Print Wiring Board (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於微電子裝置之封裝,尤其係關於半導體裝置之封裝。
微電子裝置通常包含半導體材料(諸如,矽或砷化鎵)之薄塊(通常被稱作晶粒或半導體晶片)。通常將半導體晶片提供為個別已預封裝之單元。在一些單元設計中,將半導體晶片安裝至基板或晶片載體,基板或晶片載體又安裝於電路面板(諸如,印刷電路板)上。
在半導體晶片之第一面(例如,前表面)中製造主動電路。為了促進至主動電路之電連接,在同一面上給晶片提供結合襯墊。結合襯墊通常按一規則陣列來置放,圍繞晶粒之邊緣或(對於許多記憶體裝置)處於晶粒中心。結合襯墊一般由約0.5微米(μm)厚之導電金屬(諸如,銅或鋁)製成。結合襯墊可包括單一金屬層或多個金屬層。結合襯墊之大小將隨著裝置類型而變化,但在一側上通常將有數十至數百微米。
矽穿孔(TSV)可用以在半導體晶片之前表面(上面安置有結合襯墊)與半導體晶片之後表面(與前表面對置)之間提供電連接。習知TSV孔可減少可用以容納主動電路之第一面的部分。第一面上可用於主動電路之可用空間之此減少可增加產生每一半導體晶片所需之矽的量,進而可能增加每一晶片之成本。
在晶片之任何實體配置中,大小為重要考慮因素。隨著攜帶型電子裝置之快速發展,對晶片之更緊湊實體配置的需求變得更加強烈。僅藉由實例,通常稱為「智慧型電話」之裝置整合蜂巢式電話與功能強大的資料處理器、記憶體及輔助裝置(諸如,全球定位系統接收器)、電子相機,及區域網路連接連同高解析度顯示器及相關聯影像處理晶片之功能。此等裝置可提供諸如完全網際網路連接性、娛樂(包括全解析度視訊)、導航、電子銀行及其他之能力,該等能力全部整合於袖珍裝置中。複雜的攜帶型裝置需要將眾多晶片包裝至小空間中。此外,該等晶片中之一些具有許多輸入及輸出連接,通常稱為「I/O」。此等I/O必須與其他晶片之I/O互連。互連應為短的且應具有低阻抗以使信號傳播延遲最小化。形成互連之部件不應極大地增加組件之大小。類似需要出現於其他應用中,例如資料伺服器(諸如用於網際網路搜尋引擎中之資料伺服器)中。舉例而言,提供複雜晶片之間的眾多短的低阻抗互連之結構可增加搜尋引擎之頻寬且減少其功率消耗。
儘管已經由形成及互連在半導體中取得進步,但可作進一步改良以增強用於在前晶片表面與後晶片表面之間形成連接之製程,且可對可由此等製程產生之結構作進一步改良。
根據本發明之一態樣,一種微電子組件可包括:一第一微電子元件及一第二微電子元件,該等微電子元件中之每一者包含鄰近該微電子元件之一前表面的主動半導體裝置;及一材料之內插物,其具有小於百萬分之10/℃之熱膨脹係數。每一微電子元件可具有遠離該各別前表面之一後表面及在該各別前表面處曝露之一導電襯墊。該內插物可具有面向相反方向(oppositely facing)之第一及第二表面及在該內插物中之一開口內延伸的一第二導電元件。該第二導電元件可在該內插物之第一及第二表面處曝露。
該內插物之第一表面可面向該第一微電子元件之前表面,且該內插物之第二表面可面向該第二微電子元件之前表面。該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件中之每一者亦可包括在一開口內延伸之一第一導電元件,該開口自該各別微電子元件之後表面朝向該各別微電子元件之前表面延伸。該等第一導電元件中之至少一者可延伸穿過該各別第一或第二微電子元件之導電襯墊。該等第一導電元件可與該第二導電元件電耦合。
在一特定實施例中,該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該開口可與延伸穿過該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件的該等開口中之至少一者相交。在一實施例中,該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該開口可與延伸穿過該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件的該等開口中之每一者相交。在一例示性實施例中,該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該開口可能不與延伸穿過該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件的該等開口中之任一者相交。在一特定實施例中,該內插物可基本上由介電材料組成。在一實施例中,該內插物可基本上由金屬或半導體材料組成。該內插物中之該開口可襯有一絕緣體。
在一例示性實施例中,每一微電子元件之第一導電元件可延伸穿過各別導電襯墊。在一特定實施例中,第二導電元件可包括在該第一表面及該第二表面處曝露之第二導電襯墊。該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件之襯墊可為第一襯墊。該等第一襯墊可與該等第二襯墊相鄰。該等第一導電元件可接觸該等第一及第二襯墊之相鄰表面。在一實施例中,該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該內插物中的該開口可具有一內壁,該內壁相對於該內插物之該第一表面及該第二表面按一常角(normal angle)延伸。在一例示性實施例中,該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該內插物中的該開口可在該內插物之該第一表面與該第二表面之間在一方向上漸縮。
在一實施例中,該第一微電子元件中之該開口可在自該第一微電子元件之後表面朝向該第一微電子元件之前表面的一方向上漸縮。在一特定實施例中,該第一微電子元件中之該開口的一內表面可與該第一微電子元件之前表面成一常角而延伸。在一例示性實施例中,該第二導電元件可符合該內插物中之該開口之一內表面的輪廓。在一實施例中,該第二導電元件可不符合該內插物中之該開口之一內表面的輪廓。
在一特定實施例中,該內插物中之該開口及該第一微電子元件或該第二微電子元件中之至少一者中的該開口可為漸縮的,在彼此相反的方向上變小。在一例示性實施例中,該內插物亦可包括與該第一微電子元件或該第二微電子元件中之至少一者電連接的至少一被動部件。在一實施例中,根據本發明之一態樣的一種系統可包括如上文所描述之一微電子組件及電連接至該微電子組件的一或多個其他電子部件。在一特定實施例中,該系統亦可包括一外殼,該微電子組件及該等其他電子部件安裝至該外殼。
根據本發明之另一態樣,一種製造一微電子組件之方法可包括以下步驟:組裝一第一微電子元件及一第二微電子元件,其間具有一內插物,該等微電子元件中之每一者包含鄰近該微電子元件之一前表面的主動半導體裝置;接著形成在開口內延伸之第一導電元件,該等開口自該等微電子元件之後表面朝向該等各別前表面延伸。該等微電子元件中之每一者可具有遠離該各別前表面之一後表面及在該前表面處曝露之一導電襯墊。
該內插物可基本上由半導體或無機介電材料中之至少一者組成。該內插物可具有面向相反方向之第一及第二表面及延伸穿過該內插物且在該第一表面及該第二表面處曝露的一第二導電元件。該內插物之第一表面可面向該第一微電子元件之前表面,且該內插物之第二表面可面向該第二微電子元件之前表面。該等第一導電元件中之至少一者可延伸穿過該等微電子元件中之至少一者的各別導電襯墊。該等第一導電元件可與該第二導電元件電耦合。該等微電子元件中之開口的內表面可相對於每一微電子元件之各別前表面在第一及第二方向上延伸以界定一實質角。
在一例示性實施例中,每一微電子元件之第一導電元件可延伸穿過各別導電襯墊。在一實施例中,第二導電元件可包括在該第一表面及該第二表面處曝露之第二導電襯墊。每一微電子元件之第一導電襯墊可與該等第二襯墊中之一者相鄰。該等第一導電元件可接觸該等第一及第二襯墊之相鄰表面。在一特定實施例中,該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該內插物中的該開口可具有一內壁,該內壁相對於該內插物之該第一表面及該第二表面按一常角延伸。
在一實施例中,該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該內插物中的該開口可在該內插物之該第一表面與該第二表面之間在一方向上漸縮。在一例示性實施例中,該第二導電元件可符合該內插物中之該開口之一內表面的輪廓。在一特定實施例中,該第二導電元件可不符合該內插物中之該開口之一內表面的輪廓。在一實施例中,該內插物中之該開口與該第二導電元件可在相反方向上漸縮。
圖1說明根據本發明之實施例之微電子組件100。微電子封裝包括第一微電子元件102及第二微電子元件112,其各自具有接觸承載前表面104、114,前表面104、114面向安置於該等微電子元件之間的內插物120。每一微電子元件可為(例如)嵌入於半導體晶片中之積體電路,半導體晶片可包括矽、矽之合金或其他半導體材料(諸如III-V半導體材料或II-VI半導體材料)。如圖1A之放大圖中所見,晶片102具有前表面104(亦稱作接觸承載面),前表面104係晶片之主表面,其中晶片之第一區105在前表面處。第二晶片112可具有與晶片102相同之結構。第一區105包括介電區,該介電區通常包括複數個佈線層,其具有安置於佈線層之間及周圍的介電層。在特定實施例中,介電區可包括具有低介電常數之一或多個介電材料層(亦即,「低k」介電層)。低k介電材料包括多孔二氧化矽、摻碳二氧化矽、聚合介電質及多孔聚合介電質以及其他材料。在多孔低k介電層中,介電層可具有實質多孔性,此相對於相同材料之無孔層減小了介電材料的介電常數。介電材料通常具有顯著高於1.0之介電常數,但佔用多孔介電材料內之開放空間的空氣具有約1.0之介電常數。以此方式,一些介電材料可由於具有實質多孔性而達成介電常數之減小。
然而,一些低k介電材料(諸如聚合介電材料及多孔介電材料)相比於傳統介電材料經受得住小得多的機械應力。特定類型的操作環境及可測試微電子元件之方式可呈現等於或接近低k介電材料可耐受之極限的應力。本文中所描述之微電子組件藉由使施加應力至微電子元件之位置移動而遠離區105內的低k介電層而為微電子元件之低k介電層提供改良之保護。以此方式,製造、操作及測試施加減小了很多之應力至低k介電層,因此保護低k介電層。
層105亦包括最終藉由佈線層在前表面處與複數個導電襯墊106連接之主動半導體裝置(例如,電晶體、二極體或其他主動裝置)。當晶片為絕緣體上矽(「SOI」)型晶片時,第一區105亦可包括位於主動半導體裝置下方的內埋介電層。第一區105可將晶片之第二區107與前表面104分離。第一區通常具有0.1微米至5微米之厚度且通常不可薄化。第二區107通常基本上由半導體材料(通常為單晶或多晶材料)組成且通常具有低於20微米之厚度,該厚度通常係由初始半導體晶圓在處理期間被薄化至之程度決定。在一實施例中,晶片可僅具有第一區105且第二區107可不存在。因此,微電子元件102、112所安裝至之結構性內插物120在結構上支撐該等微電子元件,從而使得微電子元件102、112之厚度能夠在很大程度上減小。又,藉由介電區105,每一微電子元件之面向內插物,如圖1中進一步展示,微電子元件可(諸如)藉由黏合劑101與內插物120結合在一起。其他可能的結合材料可包括玻璃,在特定實施例中,玻璃可經摻雜且可具有低於500℃之玻璃轉化溫度(glass transition temperature)。通常,微電子元件112基本上由與另一微電子元件102相同之半導體材料組成。如圖1中進一步所見,微電子元件110可具有複數個導電導通體元件,該複數個導電導通體元件延伸穿過微電子元件中之開口以用於提供與導電襯墊106、116之導電連接。
微電子元件102、112可經由延伸穿過導電襯墊106、116及兩者之間的內插物120之導電元件118而電連接在一起。在一實例中,導電元件118可包括藉由沈積金屬以使其與導電襯墊106、116之曝露表面接觸而形成的金屬特徵。可使用各種金屬沈積步驟形成導電元件,如下文更詳細描述。
如圖1中進一步所見,導電元件118可諸如經由結合金屬(例如,焊料、錫、銦或其組合)之塊體128導電地結合(類似於覆晶方式)至在介電元件126之表面處曝露的觸點124。介電元件又可具有複數個端子130以用於諸如經由從介電元件126突出來之導電塊體132(例如,焊球)進一步將封裝100電連接至電路面板134之相應觸點136。圖1說明在將電路面板134接合至封裝100之前的封裝100。圖2說明包括封裝100及接合至封裝100之電路面板134的微電子組件。
散熱片140可諸如經由導熱材料142(例如,導熱油膏、導熱黏合劑或具有相對低熔化溫度之接合金屬(諸如,焊料、錫、銦、金或其他材料))熱耦合至微電子元件102之後表面137。當導熱材料142亦導電時(諸如,金屬或導電金屬化合物),介電層(未圖示)可將微電子元件102之後表面137與此導熱且導電材料142分離。如上文所論述,微電子組件或封裝100使得微電子元件102、112之厚度能夠在很大程度上減小。以此方式,每一微電子元件102或112之厚度可僅為第一區105(圖1A)之厚度或此厚度加上第二區107之小厚度。減小之厚度可使得非常有效且均勻之熱傳遞能夠藉由散熱片140達成。
圖3係朝向封裝之微電子元件112之後表面115看的視圖,其說明在後表面處曝露之導電元件118,導電元件118展示為按區域陣列來配置。如圖3中亦展示,導電元件118在第二開口123內延伸且連接至在微電子元件110之前表面103(圖1)處曝露的導電襯墊116,導電襯墊116亦可按區域陣列來配置。或者,當微電子元件之導電襯墊116具有不同配置時(諸如,可配置成鄰近周邊邊緣144,或可配置成在前表面的中心),導電元件118通常具有匹配型樣。
現參看圖4,現將描述用於製造根據本發明之另一實施例之微電子組件的製造方法。圖4係展示具有通孔(through hole)222之內插物220的局部剖視圖,導電導通體(via)224延伸穿過通孔222。導通體224可終止於分別在內插物之第一主表面227及第二主表面229處曝露的第一導電襯墊226及第二導電襯墊228。
內插物可具有小於約每攝氏度百萬分之10(亦即,「小於10 ppm/℃」)的線性熱膨脹係數(CTE-α)。矽、二氧化矽、一些陶瓷材料及一些金屬以及其他材料之CTE-α在此範圍內。當內插物由金屬或半導體材料製成時,介電層230可覆蓋第一及第二主表面且加襯裡於通孔222以用於使導通體224及襯墊226、228與內插物220之主體絕緣。接著,如圖5中所說明,將第一晶圓202及第二晶圓212附接至內插物,其中晶圓之前表面203、213分別面向第一內插物表面227及第二內插物表面229。黏合劑或其他介電材料201(例如,玻璃)可用於附接內插物與晶圓。通常,將晶圓附接至內插物以使得每一晶圓之導電襯墊與內插物之襯墊相鄰。舉例而言,第一晶圓202之導電襯墊204與內插物襯墊226相鄰且第二晶圓212之導電襯墊214與內插物襯墊228相鄰。
接下來,如圖6中所見,諸如藉由研磨、研光或拋光而減小晶圓之厚度,如上文所描述。在完成此步驟之後,每一晶圓202、212可具有對應於如上文所描述之不可薄化區105(圖1A)之厚度的厚度231,或可具有可包括位於不可薄化區下方之區107(圖1A)之某一材料的較大厚度。在一實施例中,一或兩個晶圓202、212之區107可具有高達20微米之厚度。
圖7說明處理之後續階段,在該後續階段之後已形成延伸穿過每一晶圓之厚度的第一開口206及第二開口216,每一晶圓上包括導電襯墊204、214。可藉由(例如)應用於每一晶圓之半導體材料的蝕刻、雷射圖案化、噴砂、機械銑削或其他技術而製成此等開口。在形成延伸穿過晶圓厚度之開口之後,可將介電層232形成於開口之內壁上,在此之後開口可延伸穿過各別襯墊204、214。形成開口206、216及介電層232之製程可如美國專利公開案第20080246136A1號或以下各自在2010年7月23日申請之美國申請案的任一者或全部中所大體描述:申請案第12/842,717號、第12/842,612號、第12/842,669號、第12/842,692號、第12/842,587號,該等案之揭示內容以引用的方式併入本文中。在一實施例中,可藉由電泳或電解沈積將介電層232選擇性地形成至開口206、216內的曝露半導體或導體表面上且形成於微電子元件的曝露面上。
圖8說明可選步驟,在此步驟中移除介電質或結合材料之介於晶圓襯墊204、214與內插物襯墊226、228之相鄰表面之間的部分。
接著,如圖9中所展示,可將一或多個金屬層沈積至開口206、216中以形成在微電子組件之各別向外表面237、239處曝露的導電元件236、238。導電元件236、238接觸各別晶圓02、212之導電襯墊204、214且經由內插物襯墊226、228及延伸穿過內插物之導通體224電耦合在一起。
在圖9中所見之實施例中,導通體224延伸穿過之開口222與延伸穿過第一晶圓202及第二晶圓212之開口206、216相交。然而,其他配置係可能的。舉例而言,如圖10中所見,晶圓202、212中之一或兩者中的導電元件可在一或多個橫向方向240(內插物主表面227延伸之方向)上自導通體224移位。在圖10中所展示的狀況下,兩個導電元件236、238可在同一方向上自導通體移位,且其中形成有導電元件之開口206、216均不與相應內插物開口222相交,導通體224延伸穿過內插物開口222且電連接導電元件236、238。如圖9中所見,微電子元件202、212中之開口216、206的內表面可相對於每一微電子元件之各別第一表面104在第一及第二方向上延伸以界定實質角109。
如圖10中進一步所見,可以一或多種方式提供內插物導通體224與襯墊204、214之間的電連接。舉例而言,微電子元件212可具有從導電襯墊214朝向內插物220延伸之跡線244,且諸如藉由使用接合金屬245(諸如,焊料、錫或銦)、擴散結合,或者藉由在熱及壓力下的直接金屬至金屬接合,可將跡線244導電地結合至內插物的導通體224。在另一實例中,內插物220可具有在內插物之第一主表面227延伸之方向240上從導通體224延伸之導電跡線242。在此狀況下,導電元件236之製造在第一晶圓之襯墊204與內插物之跡線242之間形成電連接。
圖11說明另一實例,其中導電元件236、238在方向240上自彼此移位。
現參看圖12,展示另一變化,其中內插物320中之開口322漸縮,以使得其寬度在朝向微電子元件中之一者202的前表面的方向上變小。在將開口306、316形成於微電子元件202、212中之後,可將介電層307、317形成於開口之壁及第一表面上。此後,如圖13中所見,可移除介電材料(例如,黏合劑)之介於導電襯墊304、314之相鄰表面與內插物導通體之相應結合表面326、328之間的部分。圖14說明在已形成導電元件336、338以使其與內插物導通體之相應表面接觸之後的微電子組件,其中所沈積之導電材料(例如,所沈積之金屬)填充介於導電襯墊304、314之表面與內插物導通體之相應表面326、328(其與導電襯墊304、314之表面相鄰)之間的空間。
圖15說明另一變化,其中延伸穿過內插物開口之導電元件424具有一形狀(例如,截頭圓錐形狀),該形狀不符合內插物開口422之內表面的輪廓。圖15中所展示之結構的製造方法亦可不同於上述方法(圖4至圖14)。在此狀況下,當內插物420與微電子元件402、412接合時,內插物可具有在第一主表面與第二主表面之間延伸的開口422,該開口422由介電材料426填充。當開口406形成於微電子元件402及其上之導電襯墊404中時,材料移除製程繼續穿過黏合劑或結合層401且穿過介電材料區426,直至導電襯墊414之上表面414a在開口406內曝露為止。此後,開口406可由一或多層或金屬或導電金屬化合物填充以形成延伸穿過微電子元件402及內插物420之導電元件436。
圖16說明圖15中所展示之結構的變化,其中導電元件536形成為中空結構,其加襯裡於開口406內之介電層407之內表面但不填充該開口。導電元件536接觸在開口406內曝露之導電襯墊414的上表面414a。圖17說明另一變化,其中開口506延伸穿過兩個導電襯墊504、514之厚度,以使得導電元件636、638在形成時可與彼此直接接觸。
圖18說明上述實施例(圖11)之變化,其中內插物720包含一或多個被動電路元件。舉例而言,內插物可包含具有電極752、754之第一電容器750,電極752、754與沿著內插物720之主表面751延伸的各別跡線756、758電連接。類似地,內插物可包含具有電極762、764之第二電容器760,電極762、764與沿著內插物720之主表面761延伸的各別跡線766、768電連接。該等跡線中之一些758、766可經由另外的導電元件736、738連接至在組件之操作中攜載時變信號的導電襯墊,而其他跡線756、768可連接至在組件之操作中攜載參考電位(諸如,接地或電源供應電壓)的一或多個導電襯墊(未圖示)。
在圖18中所見的實施例之其他變化中,被動電路元件可包括以下中之一或多者:電感器、電阻器或其他被動電路元件,其如圖18中所見而安置且具有如(例如)圖18中所見的電互連配置。
微電子組件之結構及製造以及其至較高階組件中之併入可包括在以下中之一或多者中描述的結構及製造步驟:與本申請案在同一日期申請的Oganesian等人之以下共同擁有之同在申請中的申請案「STACKED MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY WITH TSVS FORMED IN STAGES AND CARRIER ABOVE CHIP」(美國臨時申請案第61/419,033號;代理人案號Tessera 3.8-619);及「STACKED MICROELECTRONIC ASSEMBLY WITH TSVS FORMED IN STAGES WITH PLURAL ACTIVE CHIPS」(美國臨時申請案第61/419,037號;代理人案號Tessera 3.8-632),及各自在2010年7月23日申請之以下美國申請案:申請案第12/842,717號;第12/842,651號;第12/842,612號;第12/842,669號;第12/842,692號及第12/842,587號;所有此等申請案之揭示內容以引用的方式併入本文中。上文所論述之結構提供卓越的三維互連能力。此等能力可配合任何類型之晶片而使用。僅藉由實例,以下晶片組合可包括於如上文所論述之結構中:(i)處理器及配合處理器而使用之記憶體;(ii)相同類型之多個記憶體晶片;(iii)不同類型之多個記憶體晶片,諸如DRAM及SRAM;(iv)影像感測器及用以處理來自感測器之影像的影像處理器;(v)特殊應用積體電路(「ASIC」)及記憶體。上文所論述之結構可用於構造不同電子系統。舉例而言,根據本發明之另一實施例的系統800包括如上文所描述之結構806以及其他電子部件808及810。在所描繪之實例中,部件808係半導體晶片,而部件810係顯示螢幕,但可使用任何其他部件。當然,儘管為了說明之清晰起見在圖19中描繪僅兩個額外部件,但該系統可包括任何數目個此等部件。如上文所描述之結構806可為(例如)如上文結合圖1、圖9、圖10、圖14、圖15、圖16、圖18所論述的微電子組件100。在另一變體中,可提供兩者,且可使用任何數目個此等結構。結構806以及部件808及810安裝於以虛線示意性描繪之共同外殼801中,且按需要彼此電互連以形成所要電路。在所展示之例示性系統中,系統包括電路面板802(諸如可撓性印刷電路板),且該電路面板包括使該等部件彼此互連之眾多導體804,圖19中僅描繪其中一者。然而,此僅為例示性的;可使用用於形成電連接之任何合適結構。將外殼801描繪為攜帶型外殼,其係可用於(例如)蜂巢式電話或個人數位助理中之類型,且螢幕810在外殼之表面處曝露。當結構806包括諸如成像晶片之光敏元件時,亦可提供透鏡811或其他光學裝置以用於將光導引至該結構。圖19中所展示之簡化系統同樣僅為例示性的;可使用上述結構製造其他系統,包括被通常視為固定結構的系統,諸如桌上型電腦、路由器及其類似者。
由於可在不脫離本發明之情況下利用上述特徵之此等及其他變化及組合,因此對較佳實施例之以上描述應被看作說明而非被看作對如申請專利範圍所界定之本發明的限制。
100...微電子組件
102...第一微電子元件/晶片
104...前表面
105...第一區/層/介電區
106...導電襯墊
107...第二區
109...實質角
110...微電子元件
112...第二微電子元件/第二晶片
114...前表面
115...後表面
116...導電襯墊
118...導電元件
120...內插物
123...第二開口
124...觸點
126...介電元件
128...塊體
130...端子
132...導電塊體
134...電路面板
136...觸點
137...後表面
140...散熱片
142...導熱材料
144...周邊邊緣
201...介電材料
202...第一晶圓
203...前表面
204...導電襯墊
206...第一開口
212...第二晶圓
213...前表面
214...導電襯墊
216...第二開口
220...內插物
222...通孔/開口
224...導電導通體
226...第一導電襯墊
227...第一主表面
228...第二導電襯墊
229...第二主表面
230...介電層
231...厚度
232...介電層
236...導電元件
237...外向表面
238...導電元件
239...外向表面
240...橫向方向
242...導電跡線
244...跡線
245...接合金屬
304...導電襯墊
306...開口
307...介電層
314...導電襯墊
316...開口
317...介電層
320...內插物
322...開口
326...結合表面
328...結合表面
336...導電元件
338...導電元件
401...結合層
402...微電子元件
404...導電襯墊
406...開口
407...介電層
412...微電子元件
414...導電襯墊
414a...上表面
420...內插物
422...開口
424...導電元件
426...介電材料
436...導電元件
504...導電襯墊
506...開口
514...導電襯墊
536...導電元件
636...導電元件
638...導電元件
720...內插物
736...導電元件
738...導電元件
750...第一電容器
751...主表面
752...電極
754...電極
756...跡線
758...跡線
760...第二電容器
761...主表面
762...電極
764...電極
766...跡線
768...跡線
800...系統
801...共同外殼
802...電路面板
804...導體
806...結構
808...電子部件
810...電子部件/螢幕
811...透鏡
圖1係說明經定位以便與電路面板附接的根據本發明之實施例之微電子組件的剖視圖。
圖1A係進一步詳細說明根據本發明之實施例之微電子組件的局部剖視圖。
圖2係說明安裝至電路面板的根據本發明之實施例之微電子組件的剖視圖。
圖3係進一步說明根據本發明之實施例之微電子組件的平面圖。
圖4、圖5、圖6、圖7、圖8、圖9、圖10及圖11係說明製造根據本發明之實施例之變化的微電子組件之方法之各階段的局部剖視圖。
圖12、圖13及圖14係說明圖4、圖5、圖6、圖7、圖8、圖9、圖10及圖11中所展示的製造根據本發明之實施例之變化的微電子組件之方法之各階段的局部剖視圖。
圖15及圖16係說明圖12、圖13及圖14中所展示的製造根據本發明之實施例之變化的微電子組件之方法之各階段的局部剖視圖。
圖17係說明圖16中所展示的根據本發明之實施例之變化的微電子組件之局部剖視圖。
圖18係說明圖10中所展示的根據本發明之實施例之另一變化的微電子組件之局部剖視圖。
圖19係根據本發明之一實施例之系統的示意性描繪。
100...微電子組件
102...第一微電子元件/晶片
104...前表面
106...導電襯墊
112...第二微電子元件/第二晶片
114...前表面
115...後表面
116...導電襯墊
118...導電元件
120...內插物
124...觸點
126...介電元件
128...塊體
130...端子
132...導電塊體
134...電路面板
136...觸點
137...後表面
140...散熱片
142...導熱材料
Claims (26)
- 一種微電子組件,其包含:一第一微電子元件及一第二微電子元件,該等微電子元件中之每一者包含鄰近該微電子元件之一前表面的主動半導體裝置,每一微電子元件具有遠離該各別前表面之一後表面,且各自具有在該各別前表面處曝露之一導電襯墊;一材料之一內插物,其具有小於百萬分之10/℃之一熱膨脹係數(「CTE」),該內插物具有面向相反方向之第一及第二表面及在該內插物中之一開口內延伸且在該第一表面及該第二表面處曝露的一第二導電元件,該第一表面面向該第一微電子元件之該前表面,且該第二表面面向該第二微電子元件之該前表面;該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件中之每一者進一步包括在一開口內延伸之一第一導電元件,該開口自該各別微電子元件之該後表面朝向該各別微電子元件之該前表面延伸,其中該等第一導電元件中之至少一者延伸穿過該各別第一或第二微電子元件之該導電襯墊,且該等第一導電元件與該第二導電元件電耦合,其中該第二導電元件包括在該第一表面及該第二表面處曝露之第二導電襯墊,該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件之該等襯墊係第一襯墊,該等第一襯墊與該等第二襯墊相鄰,且該等第一導電元件接觸該等第一及第二襯墊之相鄰表面。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該開口與延伸穿過該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件的該等開口中之至少一者相交。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該開口與延伸穿過該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件的該等開口中之每一者相交。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該開口不與延伸穿過該第一微電子元件及該第二微電子元件的該等開口中之任一者相交。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該內插物基本上由介電材料組成。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該內插物基本上由金屬或半導體材料組成,其中該內插物中之該開口襯有一絕緣體。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中每一微電子元件之該第一導電元件延伸穿過該各別導電襯墊。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該內插物中的該開口具有一內壁,該內壁相對於該內插物之該第一表面及該第二表面按一常角延伸。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該內插物中的該開口在該內插物之該第一表面與該第二表面之間在一方向上漸縮。
- 如請求項8之微電子組件,其中該第一微電子元件中之該開口在自該第一微電子元件之該後表面朝向該第一微 電子元件之該前表面的一方向上漸縮。
- 如請求項9之微電子組件,其中該第一微電子元件中之該開口在自該第一微電子元件之該後表面朝向該第一微電子元件之該前表面的一方向上漸縮。
- 如請求項8之微電子組件,其中該第一微電子元件中之該開口的一內表面與該第一微電子元件之該前表面成一常角而延伸。
- 如請求項9之微電子組件,其中該第一微電子元件中之該開口的一內表面與該第一微電子元件之該前表面成一常角而延伸。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該第二導電元件符合該內插物中之該開口之一內表面的一輪廓。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該第二導電元件不符合該內插物中之該開口之一內表面的一輪廓。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該內插物中之該開口及該第一微電子元件或該第二微電子元件中之至少一者中的該開口為漸縮的,在彼此相反的方向上變小。
- 如請求項1之微電子組件,其中該內插物進一步包括與該第一微電子元件或該第二微電子元件中之至少一者電連接的至少一被動部件。
- 一種微電子系統,其包含如請求項1之微電子組件及電連接至該微電子組件的一或多個其他電子部件。
- 如請求項18之微電子系統,其進一步包含一外殼,該微電子組件及該等其他電子部件安裝至該外殼。
- 一種製造一微電子組件之方法,其包含:組裝一第一微電子元件及一第二微電子元件,兩者之間具有一內插物,該等微電子元件中之每一者包含鄰近該微電子元件之一前表面的主動半導體裝置,具有遠離該各別前表面之一後表面,且具有在該前表面處曝露之一導電襯墊,該內插物基本上由半導體或一無機介電材料中之至少一者組成,該內插物具有面向相反方向之第一及第二表面及延伸穿過該內插物且在該第一表面及該第二表面處曝露的一第二導電元件,以使得該第一表面面向該第一微電子元件之該前表面,且該第二表面面向該第二微電子元件之該前表面;接著形成在開口內延伸之第一導電元件,該等開口自該等微電子元件之後表面朝向該等各別前表面延伸,該等第一導電元件中之至少一者延伸穿過該等微電子元件中之至少一者的該各別導電襯墊,該等第一導電元件與該第二導電元件電耦合,其中該等微電子元件中之該等開口的內表面在第一及第二方向上相對於每一微電子元件之該各別前表面延伸以界定一實質角,其中該第二導電元件包括在該第一表面及該第二表面處曝露之第二導電襯墊,每一微電子元件之該第一導電襯墊與該等第二襯墊中之一者相鄰,且該等第一導電元件接觸該等第一及第二襯墊之相鄰表面。
- 如請求項20之方法,其中每一微電子元件之該第一導電 元件延伸穿過該各別導電襯墊。
- 如請求項20之方法,其中該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該內插物中的該開口具有一內壁,該內壁相對於該內插物之該第一表面及該第二表面按一常角延伸。
- 如請求項20之方法,其中該第二導電元件延伸穿過之該內插物中的該開口在該內插物之該第一表面與該第二表面之間在一方向上漸縮。
- 如請求項20之方法,其中該第二導電元件符合該內插物中之該開口之一內表面的一輪廓。
- 如請求項20之方法,其中該第二導電元件不符合該內插物中之該開口之一內表面的一輪廓。
- 如請求項25之方法,其中該內插物中之該開口與該第二導電元件在相反方向上漸縮。
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CN103329266B (zh) | 2016-10-19 |
KR20130122959A (ko) | 2013-11-11 |
US8637968B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
WO2012075371A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
JP5857065B2 (ja) | 2016-02-10 |
US20120139094A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
TW201246500A (en) | 2012-11-16 |
EP2647046A1 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
KR101871866B1 (ko) | 2018-06-27 |
EP2647046B1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
CN103329266A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
JP2013546192A (ja) | 2013-12-26 |
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