TWI344705B - Multiple component solid state white light - Google Patents

Multiple component solid state white light Download PDF

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TWI344705B
TWI344705B TW093110313A TW93110313A TWI344705B TW I344705 B TWI344705 B TW I344705B TW 093110313 A TW093110313 A TW 093110313A TW 93110313 A TW93110313 A TW 93110313A TW I344705 B TWI344705 B TW I344705B
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Taiwan
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light
lamp
conversion material
led
complementary color
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TW093110313A
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TW200505054A (en
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Eric Joseph Tarsa
Michael Dunn
Bernd Keller
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Cree Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L25/00Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof
    • H01L25/03Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
    • H01L25/04Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers
    • H01L25/075Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00
    • H01L25/0753Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group H01L33/00 the devices being arranged next to each other
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2933/00Details relating to devices covered by the group H01L33/00 but not provided for in its subgroups
    • H01L2933/0091Scattering means in or on the semiconductor body or semiconductor body package
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/50Wavelength conversion elements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S362/00Illumination
    • Y10S362/80Light emitting diode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Led Device Packages (AREA)
  • Led Devices (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Description

1344705 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於發光二極體(LED),且更特定言之,係關於 一種具有組合提供白光之多個LED的裝置。 【先前技術】 發光二極體(LED)係一種將電能轉換成光的重要類固態 裝置。其通常包括一夾置於兩個相對摻雜層之間的半導體 材料主動層。當將一偏壓施加於該等摻雜層上時,電子洞 及電子被注入主動層並於此處重新組合而產生光。自主動 層及LED之所有表面全向(omnidirectionally)發光。LED之 新近發展(諸如基於氮化物之LED)已經導致產生超過基於 燈絲之光源效率的高效光源,從而提供具有等於或大於輸 入功率之亮度的光。 用於照明應用之習知LED的一個缺點在於不能自其主動 層產生白光。由習知LED製造白光的一種方法在於:組合 來自不同LED之不同波長的光。舉例而言,可藉由組合來 自紅光LED、綠光LED及藍光LED的光或組合來自藍光LED 及黃光LED的光來製造白光。 此方法之一缺點在於其需要使用多個LED來製造單色 光,從而增加了總成本及複雜性。此外,光的不同色彩常 常產生於不同材料系統製造的不同類型LED。由於每一裝 置可能具有不同的電需求且可能於各種運作條件(例如,溫 度、電流或時間)下具有不同表現,所以組合不同LED類型 以形成一白光燈可需要昂貴的製造技術並可需要複雜的控 92308-990928.doc 1344705 • 制電路。 最近’已藉由利用頁色燐光(yell〇vv phOSph〇r)、聚合物或 染料圍繞LED以將來自於一發射單藍光之led的光轉換成 白光,其中一種典型的燐光為摻鈽的釔鋁石榴石 (Ce:YAG)。[參見Nichia公司的白光LED,其零件號為 NSPW3〇OBS、NSPW312BS等;同時參見Hayden的美國專利 第 5959316 ϊ虎 Multiple Encapsulation of Phosphor-LED w Devices”]。圍繞的燐光材料"降頻轉換"至少一些LED光之 波長’從而改變其色彩。舉例而言,若一基於氮化物的發 藍光之LED被黃色燐光所圍繞,則一些藍光可不變地穿過 s亥燐光’而大部分剩餘光降頻轉換成黃光。因此該Led將
I 發藍光及黃光,此二者組合以提供白光。 此方法已成功用於使白光LED的各種應用推向市場,諸 如手電筒、指示燈、顯示器背光及建築照明。但是,習知 藍光LED對於當前使用基於燈絲的燈或螢光燈的許多通用 W 照明應用而言太昏暗。雖然藍光LED之效率及輸出功率的 改良將有益於增加白光LED的光輸出,但是仍存在限制此 等裝置效能的許多其他因子。舉例而言,燐光物質具有有 限的轉換效率,從而使得由於所吸收之光的一部分未被重 新發射成降頻轉換的光而導致了 "轉換損耗"。此外,每次 當較尚能量(例如,藍光)的光子轉換成較低能量(例如,黃 光)的光子時’光能均會受到損耗(stokes損耗),從而導致 白光LED效率整體減小。效率之減小會隨著吸收的光與重 新發射(降頻轉換)的光波長之間的差距增加而增大。最後, 92308-990928.doc 丄 M4705 為使藍光LED發射足以照明房間的輸出錢量,led晶片本 身可變付非常熱’從而導致損壞LED晶片本身的組件裝置 層,或降解周圍的封裝或降頻轉換之媒體。 上述白光發射器配置(紅光LED+綠光LED+藍光LED或與 黃色燐光組合的藍光LED)之另一缺點在於其不能製造高 效率及…寅色性所需的最佳光譜發身卜白光發射器之模擬 :不两效率及高演色性可藉由一由藍光與紅光區域中的狹 乍光譜發射與綠光區域中一梢,微更寬之發射组成的輸出光 谱得以達成。 就紅光LED+綠光LED+藍光LED燈而言,組件led之光谱 發射線通常是狹窄的(例如’半全寬最大值(FWHM)為10-30 叫。雖然㈣此方法可能達成相當高數值的效率及演色 性,但是難以於其中獲得高效LED的波長範圍(例如,大約 550 nm)仍然存在。結果,難以在獲得低生產成本及高良率 的同時獲得南效率及高演色指數二者。此在光譜需要要求 南效綠光LED時尤其成問題,因為此等LED僅於(In,Ga,A1) N系統中知以實現且在諸如驅動電流及溫度的運作條件下 通常遭嗳低良率、強波長(str〇ng wavelength)及發射變化 (emiSSi〇n Variati〇n)。雖然更簡化的白光燈可藉由僅使用兩 個發射補色色(例如,藍、黃)光的LED得以實現,然而很 難在此等燈中獲得高演色指&,此主要是因為在所得光譜 中缺少紅光。 就與黃色燐光組合之藍光LED而言,所得白光在沒有紅 光源的情況下產生。由於所得光通常缺乏三原色中的_ 92308-990928.doc 1344705 • 個,所以以此方式製造的燈表現出較差的演色性。 • 可使用藍光LED與在綠光及紅光光譜區域發光的兩個獨 立燐光之組合或使用一具有紅、綠及藍燐光之紫外線 LED,而得以更接近地獲得所要光譜。但是,具有高轉換 •. 效率與所要激勵及發射特徵之適當紅色燐光尚有待報導。 即使可彳于到此專紅色燐光,其將遭受由於高能藍光或光 子轉換成低能紅光光子而造成的顯著能量(St〇kes)損耗。 ^ Shimizu的專利公開案第US lOOWOino68! A1號揭示一種 展示一更接近所要光譜之光譜的LED燈。該燈具有一用於 製造藍波長光的藍光LED、一發紅光的LED及一燐光,該 燐光由藍光LED之發射得以光激勵從而展示具有一藍光與 紅光波長光譜之間的發射光譜波長的發光。該燐光較佳為 發黃光或綠光的燐光,且在展示的實施例中該燐光覆蓋紅 光LED及藍光LED二者。
Shimizu燈之一個缺點在於二藍光LED不如以其他波長光 綸 譜發光之其他LED有效,且僅可得到有限數量之用於發射 藍波長光之燐光。另一缺點在於:在並排置放紅光led及 藍光LED的情況下,投射光可能具有非對稱外觀,以使得 光於一側呈紅色而於另一側呈藍色。由於燐光微粒通常必 須具有大約至少幾微米之直徑,以達成高轉換效率(即,比 藍光或黃光之波長大的多的轉換效率),而大於光波長之微 粒為不良散射體,以燐光覆蓋該等LED中的一個或兩個通 常無法充分散射LED光以組合不同;皮長。此對於用於高功 率、高輸出的大面積LED而言是一個特殊問題。 92308-990928.doc -10- 1344705
Shimizu中揭示之許多實施例之另一缺點在於:其展示置 放於彼此頂部並隨後由燐光覆蓋的藍光led及紅光led。 此可導致較紐波長之藍光由紅光LED裝置之組件裝置層 (幻士主動層金屬化層)吸收,進而減小燈的整體效率。 同樣,由於通常不可能以—有效方式將所吸收之紅光"升頻 轉換”成較高能量的綠光,所以藉由利用燐光覆蓋紅光 LED’某些燐光微粒可能吸收一些紅光而導致效率損失。
Shimizu亦揭示了 一種作為其燈之一部分的光學透鏡,其 中該透鏡之内表面變粗糙以增加LED光之混合。此等方法 通常並非有效且可由於與透鏡之目的相抵觸而降低效率, 此將減y透鏡/空氣界面處光的背向散射及燈或之主 體内可能繼發的再吸收。 、,固態半導體雷射以與LED大體相同的方式將電能轉換成 光。其在結構上類似於LED但是包含兩個位於相對表面上 的鏡子,其中一個是部分透射的。就邊緣發射雷射而言, 該等鏡子位於側表面上;該等鏡子提供光學反饋以使得可 毛生又刺激之發射。此受刺激之發射提供一高準直/相干光 源 垂直空腔雷射(vertical cavity laser)以與邊緣發射雷 體相同的方式工作,但是該等鏡子位於其頂部與底 部。該雷射自其頂面提供一相似的準直輸出。某些類型的 固心雷射在將電流轉換為光方面比led更有效。 【發明内容】
本發明尋求提供具有高效率及良好演色性的固態發白光 之燈。根據本發明之發白光之燈之一實施例包括一發WUV 92308-990928.doc 1344705 '波長光譜中之光的固態紫外線(uv)發射器(例如,雷射或 • LED)。將-轉換材料配置成吸收至少-些自uv發射器發射 嶋重新發射一或多個不同波長的光。包含—或多個補 &的固態發射器,其發射不同於崎射器及轉換材料之波 編的光。該燈發射一自補色發射器及轉換材料所發射 的光之白光組合,该白光具有高效率及良好的演色性。 根據本發明之發白光之燈之第二實施例包括一發射一第 ^ 一波長光譜中之光的固態雷射。將一轉換材料配置成吸收 至少一些自雷射發射的光並以一或多個不同的波長光譜發 射光。包含一或多個補色的固態發射器,其發射不同於雷 射及轉換材料之波長的光。該燈發射一自雷射、補色發射 益及轉換材料發射的光之白光組合,該白光具有高效率及 良好的演色性。該燈亦可能結合各種光學或散射材料/表面 來促進成分光色彩之混合及色散或混合及聚焦。 根據本發明之發白光之燈之另一實施例包括一發射第一 ^ 波長光譜中之光的第一固態發射器。包含一轉換材料以吸 收至〉'一些自第一固態發射器發射的光並以一或多個不同 波長光譜中發射光。包含一或多個補色發射器,每一補色 發射器發射一不同於該第一波長光譜及該轉換材料波長光 4之光。將散射元件(諸如微粒、微孔(micr〇v〇id)等)配置成 散射來自第一發射器、轉換材料及補色發射器的光。該燈 發射一來自第一發射器、轉換材料及補色發射器的光之均 勻白光組合。 根據本發明之高通量發白光之燈之一實施例包括一發射 92308-99092B.doc 12- 丄344705 第一波長光譜中之光的大面積發光二極體(LED)。將—轉換 材料配置成吸收至少-些自大面積LED發射的光並以不同 以第-波長光譜之光言善中的至少一個波長重新#光。複數 個補色固態發射器圍繞該大面積LED,每一發射器以一不 同於該大面積LED及轉換材料之光譜發光。該燈發射一自 大面積LED、轉換材料及補色發射器發射的光之平衡均 勻的白光組合。該白光亦具有高效率及良好的演色性。 根據本發日月之一種製造具有高效率及良好演色性的白光 的方法之一實關包括產生…波長光譜巾之光並使該… 光穿過一轉換材料,該轉換材料可吸收UV光並以一或多個 不同波長光譜重新發光。該方法進一步包括產生一或多個 波長光譜的補色光,該等波長光譜中的每一個均不同於轉 換材料之波長光譜。組合轉換材料光及補色光以產生具有 高效率及良好演色性的白光。 製造具有咼效率及良好演色性的白光-之另一方法包括產 生可穿過一轉換材料的雷射光,該轉換材料吸收至少一些 雷射光並以一或多個不同波長光譜重新發光。該方法進一 步包括·產生不同於轉換材料之波長光譜的一或多個波長 光譜的補色光,及組合該轉換材料光與該補色光以產生具 有高效率及良好演色性的白光。 熟翫此項技術者由以下詳細描述以及附圖將易瞭解本發 明之此等及其他特徵及優點。 【實施方式】 使用UV發射器的白燈 92308-990928.doc 圖1展示根據本發明而構建之一多成分固態燈之—實施 例之白燈10。其包括—以紫外線波長光譜發射光的第—發 光盗12。或者,第—發光器12可以其他"短"波長光譜發射 光。發光器12較佳為發光二極體(LED),但是其亦可為其他 發射器’諸如固癌雷射或有機發光二極體。燈10進—步包 括-補色的第二發光器i 4,其以紅光波長光譜發射光並同 樣較佳為LED,但是其亦可為固態雷射或有機發光二極體。 習知LED之運作及製造的細節已為人所熟知且僅加以簡 短討論。習知LED可藉由已知方法由許多材料系統製得, 其中一種適當的方法為藉由金屬有機化學氣相沈積 (MOCVD) 造。LED通常具有夾於兩個相對換雜層之間的 主動層,該等摻雜層為摻雜p型或n型中的任一種。儘管當 倒置該等層時LED同樣起作用,但是LED之頂層通常為p型 而底層13通常為n型。p型及n型層具有各自的接點,該等接 點中的每一個具有一引線〇ead)以施加一偏壓至ρ型及η型 層上。該偏壓導致主動層全向發光。整個LED可於一基板 上成長。 為了機械穩定性而將第一及第二LED 12、14安裝於一基 座架(submount) 16上。基座架丨6亦可含有用於控制施加於各 個LED I2、Η之電流或功率的相對量或用於調節施加於 LED丨2、Μ之電訊號的電路。基座架16亦可含有可使燈抵 抗靜電衝擊(electrostatic shock)的組件及電路。根據特定的 實施例,LED 12、14二者中的—或兩個可與基座架16電接 觸。基座架16安裝於•,金屬罩"18之水平底座17上,該"金屬 92308-990928.doc •14· 1344705 罩"18通常具有用於將一偏壓施加至[ED 12、14的接點上的.' 傳導路徑(未圖示),從而導致該等LED中的每一個發光。 - 偏壓可沿傳導路徑直接施加至該等Led,或者可完全或 部分地藉由基座架16及其電路施加至該等led。罩1 8可具 有一反射表面20’其反射自LED 12、14發射的光從而貢獻 - 於由燈10發射的光。 燈10進一步包括圍繞除臨近基座架之表面之外的第一 UV發射器12的轉換材料22。材料22可為一或多種瑩光 ^ (flourescent)或燐光材料,諸如燐光、螢光染料或光致發光 半導體。材料22吸收至少一些由UV LED I2發射的電磁輻 射(光),並以不同於所吸收波長的一或多個波長光譜重新發 射至少一些吸收輻射。就uv發射器12而言,轉換材料22具 有一吸收UV光並重新發射綠光及藍光波長光譜之光的材 料組合。可使用不同材料來吸收UV光並重新發綠光,而一 較佳材料為Sr:硫代沒食子酸鹽(thi〇galiate)燐光。同樣可使 用不同材料來吸收UV光並重新發藍光,而一較佳材料為換 』 雜有適當雜質的ZnS或BaMgAl1()〇17。LED 12、14、基座架 1 6及轉換材料22可被裝入填充金屬罩1 6的透明環氧樹脂 中並受其保護。 當將適當的電訊號施加至燈10時,uv LED 12及紅光led 14以其各自的特徵光譜發射光。至少一些uv光由轉換材料 22吸收並重新發射成綠光及藍光。來自轉換材料的藍、綠 光與來自紅光LED的紅光之組合可提供具有高效率及高、、寅 色性的白光,其當由人眼觀察時呈白色。 92308-990928.doc 15- 燈10展示由轉換材料重新發射的一藍光及綠光之組合, 但是在根據本發明之一替代實施例中,可使用一發黃光的 燐光來代替綠光燐光。使用基於(Gd,Y)3(Al,Ga)5〇i2:Ce系統 的燐光可使完整範圍的寬黃光光譜輻射成為可能。此等燐 光穩定且當受到UV光激勵時通常表現出高轉換效率。來自 此等燐光的光之組合連同來自發藍光之燐光及紅光LED的 光一起提供一具有高效率及高演色性的通用白燈。 使用UV發射器12與轉換材料22將1;¥轉換為藍/綠或藍/ 黃光具有許多優點。與藍光或綠光發射器相比,可得到效 率更高的UV發射器,且就固態雷射而言,短波長雷射較藍 光雷射更容易獲得。同i,可得到更多種類的可由短波長 輻射(250-400 nm)激勵的高效率燐光。 圖2展示根據本發明之另一實施例之固態白燈3〇。其具有 相同的基座架16、第一UV LED 12、第二紅光LED 14、金 屬罩18及環氧樹脂24。但是,燈30具有同時覆蓋^^^乂 LED 12 及紅光LED 14的轉換材料32,該轉換材料吸收uv光並以藍 光及綠光波長光譜重新發光。由紅光LED發射的大部分光 未受轉換材料吸收並穿過該轉換材料以貢獻於燈3〇的發 光。 為了最大化燈30之整體發光的均勻性(色彩作為觀察角 度之一函數),可將UVLED 12及紅光LED 14盡可能地置放 成靠搬在一起。藉由利用轉換材料32覆蓋led 12及14,可 避免與僅覆蓋一個LED相關聯的製造難題及減少的良率。 ;二而 利用轉換材料覆蓋紅光LED可能導致一些紅光在 92308-990928.doc •16· 1344705 穿過該轉換材料時被吸收β 圖3及圖4展示根據本發明之額外實施例之燈4〇、6〇,該 等燈中的每一個具有一與補色的綠光發射器44及藍光發射 器46組合使用的UV發射器42。儘管亦可使用其他裝置,但 是該等發射器較佳為LED。LED 42、44、46中的每一個被 安裝於與圖1及圖2中的基座架16類似的基座架48上,且在 每一實施例中,基座架48均安裝於與圖1及圖2中之金屬罩 18類似的金屬罩50之底座上。罩5〇包含用以將一偏壓施加 於LED 42、44、46上之傳導路徑(未圖示)以導致該等LED 中的每一個發光。該偏壓可直接或藉由基座架48及其電路 施加至該等發射器。燈4〇及燈6〇亦可被裝入填充罩5〇的環 氧樹脂54中以覆蓋及保護燈組件。 將適當的訊號施加至圖4中的燈40後,LED 42、44、46 以其各自的波長光譜產生光。uv發射器42受到由摻雜有適 §雜咸的ZnS或BaMgAl 製得的藍光轉換材料52或另一 適合的藍光轉換材料覆蓋,以使得至少一些來自uv發射器 42的UV光由轉換材料52吸收並重新發射成藍光。燈4〇同時 輻射藍光、綠光及紅光,此三者組合以產生具有高效率及 高演色性的白光。 在圖4之燈60中,所有的LED42、料、牝均由藍光轉換材 料56所覆蓋。來自uv LED 42的光由轉換材料兄吸收並重 新發射成藍光。來自綠光LED44及紅光LED46的大部分光 穿過轉換材料56而不被吸收,以使得燈6〇發射一藍光、綠 光與紅光之白光組合。 92308-990928.doc 1344705 . 圖5及圖6展示根據本發明之額外實施例之燈70、9〇,其 . 各自具有一與一藍光發射器74及一紅光發射器76組合使用 的UV發射器72。每一發射器72、74、76較佳為LED且各自 女裝於一與圖1及圖2之基座架16類似的基座架78上。在每 一貫例中,基座架78安裝於與圖1及圖2中之罩18類似的 金屬罩80之底座上。包含用於將一偏壓施加於led 72、74、 76上之傳導路徑(未圖示)以導致該等lED中的每一個發 光。該等燈中的每一個亦包含透明環氧樹脂82以覆蓋及保 護燈組件。 在燈70中,UV LED 72由一吸收UV光並重新發綠光的轉 換材料84(例如’硫代沒食子酸鹽燐光)所覆蓋。在燈9〇中, 類似的轉換材料86覆蓋UV LED 72且亦覆蓋紅光LED 74及 藍光LED 76。對於燈7〇、9〇而言,當施加一偏壓且來自每 一 UV LED 72的UV波長光由各自的轉換材料84、86吸收並 重新發射成綠光時,LED 72、74、76以其各自波長光譜發 ^ 光。在燈70中’綠光與直接來自藍光發射器74及綠光發射 器76的光組合。在燈9〇中,綠光與穿過轉換材料86的藍光 及紅光組合。在任一狀況下,燈7〇、9〇均發射紅光、藍光 與綠光的白光組合。 根據上述燈實施例中的每一個的應用,可能需要配置特 定的轉換材料以使得其吸收基本上所有來自其特定UV發 射器的UV光。υν光對於照明無益且在某些強度級中可對眼 睛或皮膚有害。 在上述實施例中’為每一類型的LED展示了單個LED,但 92308-990928.doc -18· 1344705 是最佳配置可能需要一或兩種類型的複數個led。另外, 所展示的LED可具有更大或更小的發射面積。 固態雷射發射器 圖7展示根據本發明之另一實施例之燈丨〇〇。其包括一固 態雷射102及一補色的第二發射器1〇6,此二者皆安裝於與 上述基座架類似的基座架1 〇8上。可包含傳導路徑以將一偏 壓施加於雷射1〇2及第二發射器106上,且該裝置隨後可安 裝於由環氧樹脂填充的金屬罩11〇之底部上。包含轉換材料 1〇4’其覆蓋雷射1〇2、吸收藍光並以一不同於來自雷射1〇2 之光的波長光譜重新發光。 就燈100而言,雖然可使用其他類型的雷射,但是雷射1〇2 較佳發射藍光波長光譜。轉換材料104較佳由一吸收藍光並 重新發綠光的材料製得。發射器106較佳為以紅光譜發光的 LED。當將一偏壓施加於雷射102及LED 106上時,雷射1〇2 以藍光波長光镨發光,且包含適量的轉換材料⑽以使得並 非所有藍光都被該轉換材料1〇4所吸收且一些藍光可穿 過。紅光LED 106發射紅光且轉換材料1〇4重新發綠光以 使得燈100發射一具有高效率及良好演色性之紅光、綠光及 藍光的白光組合。 雷射具有發射-可受到選擇性散射或定 優點。隨著雷射進一步發展,由於具有高於led=: 輸出的潛力’所以其可能變得比led較佳。 圖8展示根據本發明之另一燈12〇,其類似於圖7中的燈 ⑽。其包含—發藍光的雷射122及_較佳為咖的紅光發 92308.990928.doc 1344705 射器124。雷射122及紅光LED 124安裝於基座架123上,且 1 基座架123隨後可安裝於一金屬罩128之底部上。在燈12〇 中,藍光雷射122由一吸收藍光並重新發黃光的黃光轉換材 料130所覆蓋。當雷射122及紅光LED 124發光時,該黃光轉 換材料130吸收一些藍光並發黃光,以使得燈1〇〇發射一具 有良好的效率及演色性的藍光、黃光及紅光之白光組合。 就所描述之實施例中的每一個而言,該轉換材料可覆蓋 ^ 雷射及補色LED。舉例而言,圖9展示根據本發明之另一實 施例之燈140,其包含安裝於基座架ι46上的發藍光的雷射 142及一發紅光的LED 144。轉換材料148覆蓋雷射142及紅 光LED 144。轉換材料148含有吸收一些雷射藍光(iasers blue light)並重新發綠光(或黃光)的材料。來自紅光[ED M4 的大部分光穿過轉換材料148,以使得燈140發射藍光、綠 光(或黃光)及紅光之白光組合。 可使用以不同波長光譜發光之許多不同類型的雷射及 W LED。根據本發明之燈的許多不同雷射實施例組合可藉由 許多不同數目的雷射或LED得以實現。舉例而言,圖1〇展 示根據本發明另一實施例之一類似的燈150,其於兩個固態 雷射154之間具有兩個發藍光的LED 152。藍光led 由 一吸收藍光並重新發綠光的轉換材料ι56所覆蓋。當lEd 152及雷射154發光時,該轉換材料吸收一些藍光以使得燈 1 5 0心射 1光、綠光及紅光之白光組合。在一替代實施例 (未圖示)中’轉換材料156覆蓋藍光led 152及紅光雷射 154。或者,藍光LED可能與紅光雷射組合,且至少一些自 92308-990928.doc ⑧ •20· 丄州705 1光雷射發射的光可藉由根據本發明之一降頻轉換.. (downc〇nverting)媒體轉換成另一波長的光。 . 與多個發射器組合的大面積發射器 先前技術的燈以及上述之某些燈可產生具有非對稱外觀 的投射光。舉例而言,具有藍光發射器、轉換材料及紅光 ._ 發射益之燈的實施例可能看起來好像該投射光於一側較紅 而於另一側較藍。 此係用於高功率、高輸出燈之大面積LED的特殊問題。 j 可將較咼電流位準施加至導致較高光通量的較大LED。可 於固態燈中使用多個大面積LED,其可在高達5-70瓦特以及 更r=j的馬功率級下運作。當將補色led與大面積LED並排置 放時,燈趨向於產生非平衡的白光。 為了有助於為投射光提供一更對稱的外觀,可使用多個 補色LED圍繞每一大面積LED(或圍繞一組大面積LED),以 使知· 5亥大面積LED之高發光通量藉由該等圍繞的led得以 平衡。此種配置在單一封裝中亦有利於散熱、緊密性及色 j 彩混合。 為了说明此配置’圖11及圖丨2展示根據本發明之燈丨6〇, 其具有一由複數個補色LED 164所圍繞的大面積LED 162。 δ亥等LED安裝於基座架166上,而該基座架隨後可安裝於金 屬罩167之底座上。可以使用許多不同的大面積lED,其中 一適當的大面積LED 164為發藍光之[ED。一轉換材料168 覆蓋LED 162 ’且較佳的轉換材料ι68吸收藍光並重新發黃 光。在燈160之另一實施例中,轉換材料168吸收藍光並重 92308-990928.doc •21 1344705 • 新發綠光。圍繞的LED 164發紅光,且將足夠數量的LED 1 64 • 置放於LED 162周圍從而為LED 162之高通量提供平衡,以 使得燈發射平衡的白光。燈160於大面積LED 162周圍具有 四個圍繞的LED 164 ’但是,可根據大面積LED 162之強度 及圍繞的LED 164之尺寸及強度來使用不同數目的圍繞的 LED 164。當大面積LED 162及圍繞的LED 164發光時,燈 160發射藍光、綠光及紅光之平衡白光組合。 ^ 與上述實施例類似,燈160的組件可裝入環氧樹脂169 中,且基座架166及/或金屬罩167可具有導體以將一偏壓施 加至LED 162、1 64。同樣,在燈160之替代實施例中,轉換 材料可覆蓋所有LED 162、164,且可使用LED 162、164的 不同色彩。 散射微粒 為了改良上述燈發射之光的均勻性,可能需要在光自各 種發射器發射時對其進行散射。散射光的一種方法為使用 ^ 可隨機折射光的散射微粒。為了有效地散射光,此等微粒 之直徑應該約為受散射之光波長的一半。在空氣中,此可 2致該等微粒之直徑約為…至心微米,若該等微粒位於 一具有*同於空氣之折射率的媒體(諸如環氧樹脂)中,則該 等直徑將更小。 在上述燈中’轉換材料通常圍繞著該等發射器中的至少 一個且通常含有燐光微粒。燐光之轉換效率通常隨鱗光微 ^之尺寸減小而減小。因此,難於獲得直徑小於則微米之 南轉換效率燐光微粒,從而使得燐光微粒通常太大而不能 92308-990928.doc -22· 1344705 有效地散射光。 為了在上述發白光之燈(及先前技術的燈)中產生更均勾 的發光,可包含散射微粒以使得來自發射器的光穿過該等 微粒並受到折射從而混合光且提供色彩及亮度更均勾的整 體光發射。該等散射微粒可配置於不同位置中,諸如轉換 材料或環氧樹脂中,或者該等微粒可形成自己的層。較佳 的散射微粒大體上將不會吸收所有涉及之波長的光,且將 具有-大體不同於其被裝入其中之材料(例如,環氧樹脂) 的折㈣。該等散射微粒應具有盡可能高的折射率。適當
的散射微粒可由具有高折射率(11=2.6至2 9)並有效散射I 的二氧化鈦(Ti〇2)製得。由於對於散射"微粒"之主要要求在 於:其具有一不同於其周圍材狀折射率且其具有特定的 尺寸範圍,諸如小空六(void)或小孔的其他元件亦可用作 "散射微粒”。 圖13展示根據本發明之一實施例之燈丨7〇,其具有安裝於 基座架176上的發UV光之LED 172及發紅光之LED 174以及 必要的傳導路徑。包含一轉換材料178,其覆172 及紅光LED 1 74,以使得來自該等LED的光穿過轉換材料 178。該轉換材料178含有安置成折射穿過轉換材料178之光 的散射微粒1 8 0。散射微粒1 8 〇中的每一個可具有類似尺 寸,以使其主要散射單一波長之光(諸如來自UV LED 72的 光)’或者其可具有不同的尺寸以散射具有不同波長的光, 諸如來自LED 172、174及轉換材料178的光。類似於上述 實施例,LED 172與174、轉換材料178及基座架176位於金 92308-990928,doc -23- 屬罩182中並被裝入環氧樹脂184中。 圖14及圖15展示根據本發明之之燈19〇、2〇〇之兩個額外 實施例。燈190、200中的每一個具有uv 172與紅光LED 174基座木176及轉換材料178,其全部位於金屬罩182及 環氧樹脂184中。然而’對於燈19〇而言,散射微粒192安置 於環氧樹脂184中。對於燈2〇〇而言,散射微粒i94形成於環 氧樹脂184頂部上的一層中。來自led 172、174及轉換材料 176的光穿過該等散射微粒丨92、194,根據該等微粒〖92、 194之尺寸及材料可於此處折射不同波長的光。類似於圖13 中的燈170 ’散射微粒192、! 94可具有類似尺寸或具有不同 尺寸’此視自LED 172、174及轉換材料176發射的光之波長 而定。 其他特徵 根據本發明之其他燈特徵可改良自上述燈之光提取。圖 16展示根據本發明之燈21〇之另一實施例,其具有配置於發 射器214、216上的透明材料212(諸如環氧樹脂),該等發射 器214、216在此實施例中分別為發uv光之LED及發紅光之 LED。材料212較佳形成一半球狀體積,而且LEE) 214、216 盡可能靠近該半球之原點。該半球的半徑應大於該等led 的尺寸。材料212的折射率較佳近似等於led 214、2 16之主 表面之折射率’大多數光自該等表面(例如,覆晶led之基 板或一標準LED之頂表面)發射。然後於該透明層212之表面 上包含一轉換材料層2 1 8。此配置可最小化光在LED表面與 透明層2 12之間及透明層2 12與轉換材料2 1 8層之間的界面 92308-990928.doc •24- 1344705 處被折射回可吸收光之主動層令的比率。 . 在根據本發明之燈實施例中,個別LED(及雷射)之強度可 焚到控制。此可藉由經由控制施加的電流來控制該等 之相對發射及經由控制轉換材料之數量及位置來控制轉換 材料之發藍光/綠光而得以達成。此種類型之控制允許燈以 — 使用藍光LED/黃光燐光方法不可獲得的色彩點…。丨町沖丨加) 發光。此種控制/可調性亦可藉由選擇及匹配不同lED之發 射特徵(發射波長峰值等)來提高製造良率,進而允許燈之製 j 造在大範圍之色彩溫度(c〇I〇r temperature)上具有非常緊密 的光4为佈(色彩、色調等)。類似地,藉由控制施加至各自 LED之相對功率或施加的燐光之數量,對於提供所要的色 度及控制個別裝置之色彩輸出二者而言,均可獲得大範圍 的靈活性。可提供根據本發明之一種燈,其允許終端使用 者控制施加於各自LED之相對功率。使用者可,,調諧"該燈以 自單一的燈獲得所要的色彩或色調。此類控制可由已知的 電子控制器提供。 j 根據本發明之燈亦可包含透鏡及刻面(facet)以控制燈發 光之方向。亦可添加與熱管理、光學控制或電訊號調節及 控制相關的其他組件,以進一步使該等义登適應各種應用。 儘官已參考某些較佳組態來對本發明進行相當詳細的描 述,但是其他版本亦可能存在。如上文所提及的,在上述 實施例中可使用以不同色彩發光的不同的led。在彼等將 個發射器描述為提供—特定波長光譜之光的實施例中, 亦可使用二或多個的發射器。上述轉換材料亦可使用許多 92308-990928.doc -25- 1344705 •不同類型的材料,其可超越上述範圍吸收不同波長的光並 ' 重新發射不同波長的光。因此,附加的申請專利範圍之精 神及範疇不應侷限於此處所含之較佳版本。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為根據本發明之燈之一實施例的剖視圖,其包括一紅 光LED、一 UVLED及覆蓋該UVLED之轉換材料; 圖2為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的剖視圖,其與圖^ ^ 中的燈類似且具有亦覆蓋紅光LED之轉換材料; 圖3為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的剖視圖,其包括綠 光LED、紅光LED、UV LED及覆蓋該UV LED的轉換材料; 圖4為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的剖視圖,其與圖3 中的燈類似且具有覆蓋所有lED之轉換材料; 圖5為根據本發明之另一種燈之另一實施例的剖視圖,其 包括藍光LED、紅光LED、UV LED及覆蓋該UV LED之轉換 材料; ^ 圖6為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的剖視圖,其與圖5 中的燈類似且具有覆蓋所有LED之轉換材料; 圖7為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的剖視圖,其具有紅 光LED、藍光雷射及覆蓋該藍光雷射之轉換材料; 圖8為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的剖視圖,其與圖7 中的燈類似且具有一覆蓋該藍光雷射之不同轉換材料; 圖9為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的剖視圖,其與圖7 或圖8中的燈類似且具有亦覆蓋該紅光led的轉換材料; 圖10為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的剖視圖,其包括 92308-990928.doc -26- 1344705 由—黃色轉換材料覆蓋的藍光LED及兩個紅光雷射 圖11為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的平面圖, 一由補色LED所圍繞的大面積LED ; 圖12為圖1丨中的燈沿剖面線丨2 —丨2所得的剖視圖 圖13為根據本發明之發白光之燈之另一實施例 圖’其包括其轉換材料中的散射微粒; 圖丨4為根據本發明之燈之另一實施例的剖視圖, 其環氧樹脂中的散射微粒; 圖15為根據本發明之燈之另—實施例的剖視圖, 一散射微粒層;及 圖1 6為根據本發明之燈之另—實施例的剖視圖, 位於發射器與轉換材料之間的透明材料。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 燈 12 LED 14 LED 16 基座架 17 水平底座 18 金屬罩 20 反射表面 22 轉換材料 24 環氧樹脂 30 燈 40 燈 92308-990928.doc 其包括 的剖視 其包括 其包括 其包括 -27- 1344705
42 LED 44 LED 46 LED 48 基座架 50 金屬罩 52 轉換材料 54 環氧樹脂 56 轉換材料 70 燈 72 LED 74 LED 76 LED 78 基座架 80 金屬罩 82 環氧樹脂 84 轉換材料 86 轉換材料 90 燈 100 燈 102 雷射 104 轉換材料 106 LED 108 基座架 110 金屬罩 92308-990928.doc 1344705
120 燈 122 雷射 123 基座架 124 LED 128 金屬罩 130 轉換材料 140 燈 142 雷射 144 LED 146 基座架 148 轉換材料 150 燈 152 LED 154 雷射 156 轉換材料 160 燈 162 LED 164 LED 166 基座架 167 金屬罩 168 轉換材料 169 環氧樹脂 170 燈 172 LED
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LED 基座架 轉換材料 散射微粒 金屬罩 環氧樹脂 燈 散射微粒 散射微粒 燈 燈 透明材料
LED
LED 轉換材料 92308-990928.doc -30

Claims (1)

1J44/05 十、申請專利範圍·· 1. 一種發白光之燈,包括: —固態紫外線(uv)發射器',其發射im皮長光譜的光; ,轉換材料,其至少部分地覆蓋該uv發射器且經配置 乂吸收至J -些自该uv發射器發射的光,並重新發射— 或多個不同波長的光; · 一或多個補色固態發射器’用以發射不同於該UV發射 器及該轉換材料之波長光譜的光,該燈發射—自該等補 ^ 色發射器及該轉換材料所發射之光的白光組合’該白$ ^ 具有高效率及良好的演色性。 2·如1求項1之燈,其中該uv發射器包括一 uv發光二極體 (LED) ’且該轉換材料吸收至少—些自該uv led發射的 光亚重新發射藍光光譜波長和綠光光譜波長的光。 3·如凊求項1之燈’其中該一或多個補色發射器包括一發射 紅光光譜波長之光的led。 4. 如咕求項1之燈,其中該^^發射器包括一發^^光之^ 且該轉換材料吸收至少一些自該uv LED發射的光並重 新發射藍光光譜波長的光。 5. 如請求項丨之燈,其中該一或多個補色發射器包括一發射 綠光光譜波長的光之L E D及一發射紅光光譜波長的光之 LED。 6. 如請求項1之燈,其中該UV發射器包括一發uv光之 LED,且該轉換材料吸收至少一些自該xjV LED發射的光 並重新發射綠光光譜波長的光。 92308-990928.doc 1344705 如請求項1之燈,其中該一或多個補色發射器包括一發射 綠光光譜波長的光之LED及一發射紅光光譜波長的光之 LED。 8. 如請求項1之燈,其中該轉換材料覆蓋該uv發射器及該一 或多個補色發射器,來自該等補色發射器的大部分光穿 過該轉換材料而不被吸收。 9. 如請求項1之燈,其中該uV發射器及該等補色發射器安裝 於一基座架上。 10.如請求項丨之燈,其中該UVs射器及該等補色發射器安裝 於一反射元件中,該反射元件具有將一偏壓施加至該等 發射器的多個導體,該偏壓導致該等發射器發光。 U·如請求項1之燈,其中該UV發射器及該等補色發射器各包 括來自於由一 LED、一固態雷射及有機發光二極體組成 之群組的發射器。 12.如請求項丨之燈,進一步包括散射微粒,其配置成散射來 llr 自忒Uv發射!§及該等補色發射器的光,從而使該燈更均 勻發射白光。 月长項12之燈’其中該等散射微粒的直徑皆約為該uv 發射器或該等補色發射器所發射的光之波長之一半。 14_如绡求項i之燈,進一步包括一位於該旧發射器及該轉換 材料之間的透明材料層,該透明層形成一半球狀或片狀 體積。 1叫求項14之燈,其中該透明材料層的反射率約相同於 / UV發射器之该發射表面的反射率。 92308-990928.doc 16 ’如請求項丨之燈,其中可獨立改變該U V發射器及該等補色 發射器所發射的光之強度,從而改變自該燈發射的白光 之色彩或色調。 17 汝明求項1之燈,進一步包括一用以控制自該燈發射的光 之方向的組件。 18 J· .α請求項1之燈,其中該轉換材料包括一來自於由燐光、 榮光染料、光致發光半導體及其組合組成之群組的材料。 19·如請求項1之燈,其中該轉換材料吸收大體上所有自該υν 發射器發射的光。 .如請求項1之燈,其中該UV發射器包括複數個大面積 led,且該等補色發射器包括圍繞著該大面積lEd的複數 個led,該燈發射一平衡的白光。 21. —種發白光之燈,包括: 固態雷射,其發射第一波長光譜的光; 轉換材料’其至少部分地覆蓋該υν發射器且經配置 乂及收至;一些自5玄雷射發射的光並重新發射一或多個 不同波長光譜的光; 一或多個補色固態發射器’用以發射不同於該雷射及 該轉換材料之波長的光,該燈發射一自該等雷射、補色 發射器及轉換材料發射的光之白光組合,該白光具有高 效率及高演色性。 22_如請求項21之燈,其中該雷射發射藍光光譜波長之光。 23.如睛求項2 1之燈,其中該轉換材料吸收一些自該雷射發 射的光,並重新發射綠光光譜波長的光,該未被吸收的 92308-990928.doc 1344705 藍光穿過該轉換材料。 4 24.如請求項21之燈,其中該一或多個補色發射器包括一發 射紅光光譜波長之光的LED。 25. 如請求項21之燈,其中該轉換材料吸收一些自該雷射發 射的光並重新發射黃光光譜波長的光,該未被吸收的藍 光穿過該轉換材料。 26. 如請求項21之燈,進一步包括一基座架及金屬罩,該雷 b 射及該等補色發射器安裝於該基座架上,而該基座架安 裝於該反射元件中。 27. 如請求項21之燈,進一步包括散射微粒,其配置成散射 來自該雷射及該等補色發射器的光,從而使該燈更均句 發射白光。 28. 如請求項21之燈’其中可獨立改變該雷射及該等補色發 射器所發射的光之強度’從而改變自該燈發射的白光之 色彩或色調。 W 29_如請求項21之燈,其中該轉換材料包括一來自於由燐 光、螢光染料、光致發光半導體及其組合組成之群組的 材料。 30· —種發白光之燈,包括: 一第一固態發射器,其發射第-波長光譜的光; 一轉換材料’其吸收至少-些來自該第-固態發射器 的光’並重新發射一或多個不同波長光譜的光; -或多個補色發射器,每個補色發射器各發射一不同 於β第m光譜及該等轉換材料波長光譜的波長光譜 92308-990928.doc 之光;及 散射微粒,其配置成散射來自該第一發射器、該轉換 材料及該等補色發射器的光,該燈發射—自該第一發射 器、該轉換材料及該等補色發射器的光之均勻的白光組 合; 、'’ 、忒等散射微粒各具有一約為該第一發射器、該轉換材 31. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 料或該等補色發射器所發射的光之波長之—半之直徑。 如-月求項30之燈,其中該等散射微粒的直徑皆約為該第 」 —發射器、該轉換材料或該等補充發射器所發射的光之 波長之一半。 如請求項30之燈,其中該等散射微粒安置於該轉換材料 中。 如請求項30之燈,進一步包括一透明的封裝材料,該封 裝物包裝該燈之至少一部分,而且至少一些來自該第一 發射器、該轉換材料及該等補色發射器的光穿過該封裝 物’該等散射微粒安置於該封裝物中。 如請求項3。之燈,其中該等散射微粒形成一散射微粒^ 層:、而且至少一些來自該第一發射器、該轉換材料及該 等補色發射器的光穿過該層。 如請求項30之燈,其中由該燈發射之白光具有高效率及 良好的演色性。 一種高通量發白光之燈,包括: 一大面積發光二極體(LED),其發射第一波長光譜的 光; 92308-990928.doc >1' 一轉換材料,其配置成吸收至少一些來自該大面積LED 的光,並重新發射一不同於該第一波長光譜之光譜中之 至少一波長的光;及 複數個補色固態發射器,用以圍繞著該大面積led,每 個補色固g發射器發射-不同於該大面積LED及該轉換 材料之光譜的光,該燈發射一自該大面積LED、該轉換材 料及該等補色發射器的光之平衡且均句的白光組合,該 白光具有高效率及良好的演色性; 該轉換材料覆蓋該大面積LED及該複數個補色發射 器,且大部分來自該等補色發射器的光穿過該轉換材料 不被吸收。 36. 如請求項35之燈,其中該轉換材料覆蓋該大面積LED及該 等複數個補色發射器,來自該等補色發射器的大部分光 穿過該轉換材料而不被吸收。 37. 如叫求項35之燈,進一步包括一基座架及反射元件,該 大面積LED及該等補色發射器被安裝於該基座架上,而該 基座架被安裝於該金屬罩中。 38. 如請求項38之燈,進一步包括散射微粒,其配置成散射 來自該大面積LED及該等補色發射器的光,從而使該燈更 均勻發射白光。 39. 如请求項35之燈,其中可獨立改變該大面積LED及該等補 色發射器所發射的光之強度,從而改變自該燈發射的白 光之色彩或色調。 40. 如請求項35之燈,其中該大面積LED包括複數個大面積 92308-990928.doc 丄:>Η·4/υ:> LED。 41·-種用於產生具有高效率及良好演色性之白光的方法, 包括: 自一 UV光源產生uv波長光譜之光; 使該UV光穿過-與該uv光源接觸之轉換材料,該轉換 材料會吸收該UV光並重新發射一或多個不同波長光譜之 光; 產生不同於該等轉換材料波長光譜之一或多個波長光 譜的補色光;及 組合該轉換材料光與該補色光以產生具有高效率及良 好演色性的白光。 42. 如研求項41之方法,進_步包括散射該轉換材料光及該 補色光以產生大體均勻的白光。 43. -種用於產生具有高效率及良好演色性的白光的方法, 包括: 自一雷射光源產生雷射光; 使該雷射光穿過-至少部分地覆蓋該雷射光源轉換材 料’該轉換材料會吸收至少—些該雷射光並重新發射一 或多個不同波長光譜之光; 產生不同於該等轉換材料波長光譜之一或多個波長光 譜中之補色光;及 組合該轉換材料光與該補色光以產生具有高效率及良 好演色性的白光。 92308-990928.doc
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