JP7734722B2 - Lidarデータ収集及び制御 - Google Patents
Lidarデータ収集及び制御Info
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/08—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
- G01S17/10—Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4865—Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/487—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection
- G01S7/4876—Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection by removing unwanted signals
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
Description
本特許出願は、2017年5月8日に出願された「LIDARデータ収集及び制御」というタイトルの米国特許仮出願第62/503,237号に基づき優先権を主張して2018年5月8日に出願された「LIDARデータ収集及び制御」というタイトルの米国特許出願第15/974,527に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれるものとする。
これらの事象はいずれも、潜在的に有効な距離測定としてLIDARシステムから報告することができる。
これらの実施形態では、統合LIDAR測定装置130から伝達される飛行時間の信号192には、受信機IC150によって決定された各戻りパルスの飛行時間の表示が含まれる。いくつかの実施形態では、信号155~157には、受信機IC150によって生成された戻りパルスに関連付けられた波形情報が含まれる。この波形情報は、3D-LIDARシステムに搭載された、又は3D-LIDARシステムの外部にある1つ以上のプロセッサによってさらに処理され、距離の別の推定値、検出されたオブジェクトの1つ以上の物理的特性の推定値、又はそれらの組み合わせを取得する。
COUNT[0:10]は、ラッチモジュール184A~Nの各々に伝達される。加えて、実行中のバイナリカウントBIN[0]の最初のビットは、準安定ビットジェネレータ183に伝達される。準安定ビットジェネレータ183は、半周期シフトをBIN[0]に導入することにより準安定ビットMS188を生成する。MS188は、ラッチモジュール184A~Nの各々にも通信される。
同様に、ヒット信号がCLKB信号のトランジションの近くに来た場合、CLK信号はその時点で安定していたため、VCLKが精密な時間推定のベースとして使用される。1つの例では、推定飛行時間は、粗い時間推定値と選択した精密時間推定値の合計となる。
パルス幅発生器201は、図4に示されるイネーブル信号VENABLE177とヒット信号178の立ち下がりエッジとの間の時間と立ち上がりエッジに一致する持続時間を有するパルスを生成する。このパルス信号VPULSE203は、時間・電圧変換器202に伝達される。VPULSE203に応答して、時間・電圧変換器202は、パルスの持続時間にわたってコンデンサを通じて電流ランプを生成する。コンデンサ両端の電圧は、パルスの持続時間を示す。この電圧信号VWIDTH155はデジタル信号へ変換させるためにADC158に伝達される。
光ビーム15が中心軸14を中心に回転すると、周囲の環境に投影される各光ビーム(例えば、各ビームに関連付けられた各円錐状の照明光)は照明ビームが中心軸14の周りをスイープするときに、対応する環境を照射する。
図10に示すように、3D-LIDARシステム100には、下部ハウジング101に固定された位置に取り付けられた静止電子基板110が含まれる。回転電子基板111は静止電子基板110の上に配置され、静止電子基板110に対して所定の回転速度(例えば、毎分200回転以上)で回転するように構成される。電力信号と電子信号は、1つ以上の変圧器、コンデンサ素子、又は光学素子を通って電子基板110と回転電子基板111との間で伝達され、これらの信号の非接触伝送が行われることになる。光放射/収集エンジン112は、回転する電子基板111に固定して設置され、したがって、所定の角速度ωで中心軸104の周りを回転する。
Claims (22)
- プリント回路基板に取り付けられた照明源と、
前記プリント回路基板に取り付けられた照明ドライバ集積回路(IC)であって、前記照明ドライバICは、パルストリガー信号に応答して前記照明源を選択的に電源に接続し、前記照明源に照明光の測定パルスを放射させるよう構成されていることを特徴とする照明ドライバICと、
前記プリント回路基板に取り付けられた光検出器であって、前記光検出器は、前記照明光の測定パルスに応答して前記光検出器が受け取る戻り光を検出し、検出された戻り光を示す出力信号を生成するように構成されていることを特徴とする光検出器と、
前記戻り光を前記照明光と共有する共通の光路で受信し、前記戻り光を光検出器に導くように配置された光学素子であって、前記光学素子は、前記光検出器に取り付けられたオーバーモールドレンズを具備し、前記オーバーモールドレンズは円錐形空洞を含み、前記照明光は前記光学素子の受信円錐に入射され、前記戻り光は前記円錐形空洞を通ることを特徴とする光学素子と、
前記プリント回路基板に取り付けられた戻り信号受信機ICであって、前記戻り信号受信機ICと前記照明ドライバICとは別々の構成要素であり、前記戻り信号受信機ICは、
測定窓の持続時間中に前記出力信号を受信し、
前記検出された戻り光の1つ以上の戻りパルスを識別し、
識別された前記戻りパルスの各々と関連付けられた飛行時間を決定し、
識別された前記戻りパルスの各々のセグメントの1つ以上の特性を決定するよう構成されていることを特徴とする戻り信号受信機ICと、
を具備する統合LIDAR測定装置。 - 前記戻り信号受信機ICは、前記戻り信号受信機ICが受信したパルスコマンド信号に応答して前記パルストリガー信号を生成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。
- 前記戻り信号受信機ICには戻り信号分析モジュールが含まれ、前記戻り信号分析モジュールは、
第1の入力ノード、第2の入力ノード、及び出力ノードを有するコンスタントフラクション弁別器モジュールであって、前記第1の入力ノードは、前記出力信号を受信するように接続されており、前記出力信号が前記第2の入力ノードでの閾値電圧値を超えると、前記戻り信号分析モジュールは、前記出力ノードでのヒット信号を異なる値に切り替えるよう構成されていることを特徴とする、コンスタントフラクション弁別器モジュールを具備することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。 - 前記戻り信号分析モジュールは、
前記コンスタントフラクション弁別器の前記出力ノードに接続された第1の入力ノード、第2の入力ノード、及び出力ノードを有する粗いタイミングモジュールであって、前記第2の入力ノードは、前記パルストリガー信号を受信するように接続されており、前記粗いタイミングモジュールは、前記パルストリガー信号のトランジッションと前記ヒット信号のトランジッションとの間で費やされた時間を示すデジタル値を前記出力ノードに生成するよう構成されていることを特徴とする粗いタイミングモジュールをさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。 - 前記デジタル値は、前記パルストリガー信号の前記トランジッションと前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとの間に生じるデジタルクロック信号のトランジッションの数の総計であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。
- 前記戻り信号分析モジュールは、
第1の入力ノード、第1の出力ノード、及び第2の出力ノードを有する精密なタイミングモジュールであって、前記第1の入力ノードは、前記ヒット信号を受信するように接続されており、前記精密なタイミングモジュールは、前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとそれに続く前記デジタルクロック信号のトランジッションとの間の時間差を示す第1の電気信号を前記第1の出力ノードに生成し、前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとそれに続く反転させた前記デジタルクロック信号のトランジッションとの間の時間差を示す第2の電気信号を前記第2の出力ノードに生成するよう構成されていることを特徴とする精密なタイミングモジュールをさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。 - 前記粗いタイミングモジュールは準安定信号を生成するよう構成されており、前記準安定信号は、前記デジタルクロック信号の周期の半分だけ時間移動させたデジタルクロック信号であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。
- 前記パルストリガー信号の前記トランジッションと前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとの間で費やされた時間、前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとそれに続く前記デジタルクロック信号のトランジッションとの間の時間差、前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとそれに続く前記反転させた前記デジタルクロック信号のトランジッションとの間の時間差、及び前記準安定信号を示すデジタル値に少なくとも部分的に基づいて前記照明光の測定パルスの飛行時間の値を推定するよう構成された飛行時間モジュールをさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。
- 前記戻り信号分析モジュールは、
前記ヒット信号を受信するように接続されている第1の入力ノードと、
イネーブル信号を受信するように接続されている第2の入力ノードと、
出力ノードと、
を有するパルス幅検出モジュールをさらに具備し、
前記パルス幅検出モジュールは、前記イネーブル信号のトランジッションと前記ヒット信号の振幅が閾値を下回った時との間の時間差を示す電気信号を前記出力ノードに生じさせるよう構成されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。 - 前記戻り信号分析モジュールは、
前記ヒット信号のトランジッションの後に前記出力信号のピーク振幅を示す出力信号を生成するよう構成された戻りパルスサンプリング・ホールドモジュールをさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。 - 前記戻りパルスサンプリング・ホールドモジュールはさらに、各々が前記ピーク振幅の前後の出力信号の振幅を示す複数の出力信号値を生成するよう構成されていることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。
- 前記ピーク振幅の前後の出力信号サンプルの数はプログラム可能であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。
- 前記検出された戻り光の前記1つ以上の戻りパルスうちの最初の戻りパルスは、前記照明源と前記光検出器との間の光学クロストークに起因するものであり、前記1つ以上の戻りパルスのうちのそれに続く各戻りパルスに関連する飛行時間は、前記最初の戻りパルスに準拠して決定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。
- 前記測定窓の持続時間は、概ね前記統合LIDAR測定装置から前記統合LIDAR測定装置の最大範囲まで行きそして前記統合LIDAR測定装置に戻るまでの光の飛行時間となることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の統合LIDAR測定装置。
- プリント回路基板に取り付けられた戻り信号受信機ICが受信したパルスコマンド信号に応答してパルストリガー信号を生成するステップと、
前記パルストリガー信号に応答して、照明ドライバICにより照明源を選択的に電源に接続し、前記照明源に照明光の測定パルスを放出させるステップであって、前記照明源及び前記照明ドライバICは、前記プリント回路基板に取り付けられていることを特徴とするステップと、
測定窓の持続時間中に前記戻り信号受信機ICにより、前記プリント回路基板に取り付けられた光検出器から、前記照明光の測定パルスに応答して前記光検出器が受信した戻り光の検出を示す出力信号を受信するステップであって、光学素子が、前記戻り光を前記照明光と共有する共通の光路で受信し、前記戻り光を光検出器に導くように配置され、前記光学素子は、前記光検出器に取り付けられたオーバーモールドレンズを具備し、前記オーバーモールドレンズは円錐形空洞を含み、前記照明光は前記光学素子の受信円錐に入射され、前記戻り光は前記円錐形空洞を通ることを特徴とするステップと、
検出した前記戻り光の1つ以上の戻りパルスを前記戻り信号受信機ICにより識別するステップと、
検出した前記戻り光の各々に関連付けられた飛行時間を前記戻り信号受信機ICにより決定するステップと、
識別した前記戻りパルスの各々のセグメントの1つ以上の特性を前記戻り信号受信機ICにより決定するステップと、
を具備する方法。 - 前記出力信号が電圧閾値を越えたとき、別の値に切り替えるヒット信号を生成するステップと、
前記パルストリガー信号のトランジッションと前記ヒット信号のトランジッションとの間に費やされた時間を示すデジタル値を生成するステップであって、前記デジタル値は、前記パルストリガー信号の前記トランジッションと前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとの間に生じたデジタルクロック信号のトランジッションの総数であることを特徴とするステップと、
をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとそれに続く前記デジタルクロック信号のトランジッションとの時間差を示す第1の電気信号及び前記ヒット信号とそれに続く反転させた前記デジタルクロック信号のトランジッションとの時間差を示す第2の電気信号を生成するステップと、
準安定信号を生成するステップであって、前記準安定信号は前記デジタルクロック信号の周期の半分だけ時間移動させたデジタルクロック信号であることを特徴とするステップと、
をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項16に記載の方法。 - 前記パルストリガー信号の前記トランジッションと前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとの間に費やされた時間を示す前記デジタル値、前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとそれに続く前記デジタルクロック信号のトランジッションとの間の前記時間差、前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションとそれに続く前記反転させた前記デジタルクロック信号のトランジッションとの間の前記時間差、及び前記準安定信号の、少なくとも一部に基づいて照明光の前記測定パルスの飛行時間の値を推定するステップをさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項17に記載の方法。
- イネーブル信号のトランジッションと前記ヒット信号の振幅が閾値を下回る瞬間との間の時間差を示す電気信号を生成するステップをさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒット信号の前記トランジッションの後の前記出力信号のピーク振幅を示す出力信号を生成するステップをさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記ピーク振幅の前後の前記出力信号の振幅をそれぞれ示す複数の出力信号を生成するステップをさらに具備し、前記ピーク振幅の前後の出力信号サンプルの数はプログラム可能であることを特徴とする請求項20に記載の方法。
- 統合LIDAR測定システムであって、
統合LIDAR測定装置を具備し、
前記統合LIDAR測定装置は、
プリント回路基板に取り付けられた照明源と、
前記プリント回路基板に取り付けられた照明ドライバ集積回路(IC)であって、前記照明ドライバICは、パルストリガー信号に応答して前記照明源を選択的に電源に接続し、前記照明源に照明光の測定パルスを放射させるよう構成されていることを特徴とする照明ドライバICと、
前記プリント回路基板に取り付けられた光検出器であって、前記光検出器は、前記照明源と前記光検出器との間のクロストークに起因する第1の照明光の測定パルス及び、第2の測定パルスにより照射された周囲環境の位置から反射された光の有効な戻りパルスを検出するよう構成されていることを特徴とする光検出器と、
前記戻りパルスを前記照明光と共有する共通の光路で受信し、前記戻りパルスを光検出器に導くように配置された光学素子であって、前記光学素子は、前記光検出器に取り付けられたオーバーモールドレンズを具備し、前記オーバーモールドレンズは円錐形空洞を含み、前記照明光は前記光学素子の受信円錐に入射され、前記戻り光は前記円錐形空洞を通ることを特徴とする光学素子と、
前記プリント回路基板に取り付けられた戻り信号受信機ICであって、前記戻り信号受信機ICは、
クロストークに起因して前記第1の照明光の測定パルスを検出した時と、前記光の有効な戻りパルスを検出した時との間の時間を推定するよう構成されていることを特徴とする戻り信号受信機ICと、
を具備することを特徴とする統合LIDAR測定システム。
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| US20200166613A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
| US20180321360A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
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| CN110809704A (zh) | 2020-02-18 |
| CA3062701A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
| US10545222B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 |
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