JP5912102B2 - 医療治療システムのための流体容積の決定 - Google Patents
医療治療システムのための流体容積の決定 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5912102B2 JP5912102B2 JP2013244990A JP2013244990A JP5912102B2 JP 5912102 B2 JP5912102 B2 JP 5912102B2 JP 2013244990 A JP2013244990 A JP 2013244990A JP 2013244990 A JP2013244990 A JP 2013244990A JP 5912102 B2 JP5912102 B2 JP 5912102B2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
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Description
持続性携帯型腹膜透析(CAPD)は広く用いられているPD(腹膜透析)の形態である。患者はこのCAPDを手動で1日に約4回行う。CAPDの排液/注液手順の最中、患者はまず使用済みの腹膜透析液を自分の腹膜腔内から排液した後に、腹膜腔内に未使用の腹膜透析液を新たに注入する。通常、この排液および注液手順にかかる時間は約1時間である。
持続性周期的腹膜透析(CCPD)は、一般的に使用されている1つのAPD様式である。CCPDのそれぞれの注液/貯留/排液段階において、サイクラーが処方量の透析液を注入する。サイクラーは、処方に従った貯留期間の後に、患者からこの液体の全量を完全に排液して、腹膜腔を空にすなわち「ドライ」状態にする。一般にCCPDでは、処方された治療量を達成するのに、4〜8回の注液/貯留/排液サイクルを行う。
TPDでは、CCPDと同様に最終注液サイクルを設けることができる。あるいは、IPDのように最終注液サイクルを省くこともできる。
別の実施形態では、1つ以上のスパイクの主軸は、流体ハンドリングカセットの略平面的な本体と実質的に同平面上にある。
本発明の別の態様では、透析器機は流体ハンドリングカセットを含んでよく、この流体ハンドリングカセットは複数のスパイクおよびこれらスパイクの各々を覆う複数のスパイクキャップと、各々がコネクタ端部を覆うキャップを有する複数の溶液ラインと、溶液ラインのコネクタ端部から1つ以上のキャップを取り外すように、また、1または複数のキャップをスパイクキャップの対応する1つに固定した状態で、カセットのスパイクから1つ以上のスパイクキャップを取り外すように配列されたキャップストリッパとを備えている。上述したように、この器機は、キャップの取り外し後に、溶液ラインのコネクタ端部をこれと対応するスパイクに自動的に流体接続させるよう設けられる。
本発明の別の態様では、医療点滴システムはポンプ制御チャンバと、制御面の少なくとも一部はポンプ制御チャンバ内の圧力の変化に応答して移動可能であるようにポンプ制御チャンバに関連した制御面と、制御面に隣接して配置され、少なくとも1つのポンプチャンバ内の流体が制御面の一部分の動きに応答して移動するように構成された少なくとも1つのポンプチャンバを有する流体ハンドリングカセットと、ポンプ制御チャンバと流体的に接続可能である基準チャンバと、ポンプ制御チャンバ内の圧力を調整し、流体ハンドリングカセットのポンプチャンバ内の流体の動きを制御するように構成された制御システムを含む。この制御システムは、ポンプ制御チャンバが基準チャンバから隔離されている時に、ポンプ制御チャンバの第1圧力を測定し、また、基準チャンバがポンプ制御チャンバから隔離されている時に、基準チャンバの第2圧力を測定し、ポンプ制御チャンバと基準チャンバを流体接続させ、基準チャンバとポンプ制御チャンバを流体接続させた後に、ポンプ制御チャンバおよび基準チャンバのそれぞれに関連した第3圧力を測定し、さらに、第1および第2、第3、第4の測定した圧力と、ポンプ制御チャンバと基準チャンバが流体接続している際に断熱的に生じるポンプ制御チャンバおよび基準チャンバ内の圧力の等化を定義する数学モデルとに基づいて、ポンプ制御チャンバの容積を決定するように構成できる。
図1は、本発明の1または複数の態様を組み込むことのできる自動腹膜透析(APD)システム10を示す。図1に示すように、たとえば、図示した本実施形態のシステム10は、透析液送出セット12(特定の実施形態では使い捨てセットでもよい)と、送出セット12と相互作用して溶液容器20(たとえば、バッグ)によって提供される液体を送り出すサイクラー14と、APD手順を実行するプロセスを統治する制御システム16(たとえば、プログラムされたコンピュータまたはその他のデータプロセッサ、コンピュータメモリ、ユーザまたはその他の装置に情報を提供し、そこからの入力を受け取るインターフェース、1または複数のセンサ、アクチュエータ、リレー、気圧ポンプ、タンク、電源、および/またはその他の適切な構成部品などを含む。図1にはユーザ制御入力を受け取るための数個のボタンしか示されていない。制御システムの構成部品に関するさらなる詳細は後述)とを含む。図示した本実施形態では、サイクラー14と制御システム16は共通のハウジング82に関連付けられるが、2つまたはそれ以上のハウジングに関連付けられてもよく、互いに独立していてもよい。サイクラー14は、テーブルトップや家庭に通常見られるその他の比較的小さな表面上で作業できるように適合されたコンパクトな設置面積を有する。サイクラー14は軽量で携帯可能なものであり、たとえば、ハウジング82の対向面に設けられたハンドルを介して手持ちで運搬できる。
本発明の一態様では、カセット24は、溶液供給ラインに対して個々に遮断可能な患者ラインと排液ラインとを含むことができる。すなわち、たとえば、1または複数の溶液供給ラインを通る流れを遮断する必要なく、流れを停止するようにラインをつまむことによって、患者ラインへのおよび患者ラインからの安全上重要な流れを制御することができる。この特徴は簡易なオクルーダ装置を実現可能にする。というのは、患者の安全にほとんどあるいは全く影響を与えない他のラインを遮断するのとは反対に、2つのラインのみに関して遮断を実行することができるためである。たとえば、患者または排液の接続が切られた状況において、患者および排液ラインを遮断することができる。しかし、溶液供給ラインおよび/または加熱バッグラインは流れのために開放されたままであるため、サイクラー14は次の透析サイクルの準備をすることができる。たとえば、患者ラインと排液ラインの個々の遮断は、1または複数の容器20から加熱バッグ22またはその他の溶液容器20への透析液の圧送をサイクラー14に継続させながらも、患者の安全を確保するのに役立つ。
図10は図1のAPDシステム10の斜視図であり、サイクラー14のドア141は開位置まで下げられて、カセット24用の搭載部145と溶液ライン30用のキャリッジ146を露出させている(本実施形態では、ドア141は、ドア141の下部でヒンジによってサイクラーハウジング82に取り付けられる)。セット12を搭載する際、カセット24は搭載部145内に配置され、膜15とカセット24のポンプチャンバ側は上を向き、ドア14が閉鎖しているとき、ポンプチャンバに関連づけられる膜15の部分とバルブポートとをサイクラー14の制御面148と相互作用させる。搭載部145がベース部材18の形状と合致するように成形されることにより、搭載部145内でのカセット24の適切な配向を確保する。図示した本実施形態では、カセット24および搭載部145は、適切な配向のカセット24を搭載部145に配置するようにユーザに要求する(さもないとドア141が閉まらない)単独の大きな丸みのあるコーナーを有する略矩形形状である。カセット24および/または搭載部145の他の形状や配向の特徴も可能であると理解すべきである。
本発明の一態様では、1または複数の可撓ラインを開閉するオクルーダは、バネ鋼(たとえば、板バネ)で作製される平板などの弾性要素として構成され得る一対の対向する遮断部材を含むことができ、オクルーダを動作させるために遮断部材の一方または両方に力を印加するフォースアクチュエータを有する。特定の実施形態では、フォースアクチュエータは、弾性要素間に位置する拡張可能部材または拡大可能な部材を備えることができる。拡張可能部材が縮小サイズ状態にあるとき、弾性要素は平坦または略平坦な状態にあり、閉鎖されたラインをつまむようにピンチヘッドを1または複数のラインと強制的に係合させる。しかし、拡張可能部材が強制的に弾性要素を遠ざける場合、弾性要素はピンチヘッドを折り曲げて引き込み、ラインを解放させてライン内に流れを流させることができる。別の実施形態では、遮断部材はフォースアクチュエータによって印加される力のレベルに対して基本的に不動にすることができる。特定の実施形態では、フォースアクチュエータは、遮断部材が可撓管の開放または閉鎖を実行するように対向している領域の少なくとも一部で、遮断部材間の距離を増大させるように対向遮断部材の一方または両方に力を印加することができる。
本発明の別の態様では、サイクラー14は、流量計、重量計、またはその他の流体の容積または重量の直接測定を使用せずにシステム10の各種ラインに送出される流体の容積を判定することができる。たとえば、一実施形態では、カセット24内のポンプなどのポンプによって移動させられる流体の容積は、ポンプを駆動するのに使用される気体の圧力測定に基づき判定することができる。一実施形態では、2つのチャンバを互いに隔離し、隔離されたチャンバ内の対応する圧力を測定し、(2つのチャンバを流体接続することで)チャンバ内の圧力を部分的にまたは実質的に均等化し、その圧力を測定することによって容積判定を実行することができる。測定圧力、一方のチャンバの既知の容積、および均等化が断熱的に生じるという仮定を用いて、他方のチャンバ(たとえば、ポンプチャンバ)の容積を算出することができる。一実施形態では、チャンバが流体接続された後に測定される圧力は、互いに略不均等になる場合がある、すなわち、チャンバ内の圧力はまだ完全に均等化させることができない。しかし、こうした略不均等な圧力は、後述するようにポンプ制御チャンバの容積を判定するために使用することができる。
PVγ=Constant (1)
ただし、Pは圧力であり、Vは容積であり、γは定数(たとえば、気体が空気のように二原子である場合、約1.4)に等しい。よって、以下の式は、バルブX2の開放と圧力均等化前後の、制御チャンバおよび基準チャンバの圧力および容積に関連するように書くことができる。
ただし、PrはバルブX2の開放前の基準チャンバおよびラインL2、L3内の圧力であり、VrはバルブX2の開放前の基準チャンバおよびラインL2、L3の容積であり、PdはバルブX2の開放前の制御チャンバおよびラインL0、L1内の圧力であり、VdはバルブX2の開放前の制御チャンバおよびラインL0、L1の容積であり、PfはバルブX2の開放後の基準チャンバおよび制御チャンバ内の均等化された圧力であり、Vfは制御チャンバ、基準チャンバ、およびラインL0、L1、L2、およびL3を含むシステム全体の容積、すなわち、
Vf= Vd + Vrである。
Pr、Vr、Pd、Pf、およびγは既知であり、Vf=Vr+Vdであるため、この式はVdを解くために使用することができる(容積値などを測定する際に「測定圧力」を使用することを、請求項を含めた本文書で言及しているが、測定圧力値がpsi単位などの特定の形式である必要はないことを理解すべきである。その代わりに、「測定圧力」または「判定圧力」は、電圧レベル、抵抗値、マルチビットデジタル数などの圧力を表す任意の値を含むことができる。たとえば、ポンプ制御チャンバ内の圧力を測定するのに使用される圧力トランデューサは、ポンプ制御チャンバ内の圧力を表すアナログ電圧レベル、抵抗、またはその他の表示を出力することができる。トランスデューサからの未処理出力は、測定圧力、および/またはトランスデューサからのアナログ出力を用いて生成されるデジタル数、psi、またはトランスデューサ出力に基づき生成されるその他の値など、出力の変形された形式として使用することができる。同じことが判定容積などの他の値にも当てはまり、必ずしも立方センチメートルなどの特定の形式である必要はない。その代わりに、判定容積は、たとえば、実際の容積、いわば立方センチメートルを生成するために使用可能な容積を表す任意の値を含むことができる)。
ただし、Vrfは基準チャンバの容積、ラインL2およびL3の容積、および開放後にバルブX2の左または右に移動することのできる「ピストン」の移動から生じる圧力調節を含む基準チャンバシステムの最終の(均等化後)容積であり、VriはバルブX2に配置された「ピストン」とともに基準チャンバおよびラインL2、L3の最初の(均等化前)容積であり、PfはバルブX2の開放後の最終的な均等化圧力であり、PatmはバルブX2の開放前の基準チャンバの最初の圧力(本例では、大気圧)である。同様に、式4は、圧力均等化前後の制御チャンバシステムの容積の関係を示す。
ただし、Vdfは制御チャンバの容積、ラインL0およびL1の容積、および開放後にバルブX2の左または右に移動することのできる「ピストン」の移動から生じる圧力調節を含む制御チャンバシステムの最終の容積であり、VdiはバルブX2に配置された「ピストン」とともに制御チャンバおよびラインL0、L1の最初の容積であり、PfはバルブX2の開放後の最終容積であり、PdiはバルブX2の開放前の制御チャンバの最初の圧力である。
(尚、この基準チャンバおよび制御チャンバの容積の変化は、想像上のピストンの移動のみによる。基準チャンバおよび制御チャンバの容積は、通常の状況下では均等化プロセス中、実際に変化しない)。また、式3の関係を使用して、基準チャンバシステムの容積変化は、次式によって求められる。
同様に、式4を用いて、制御チャンバシステムの容積変化は、次式によって求められる。
Vriは既知であり、PfおよびPatmは測定される、あるいは既知であるため、ΔVrを算出することができ、式5により(−)ΔVdに等しいと推定される。したがって、Vdi(基準チャンバとの圧力均等化前の制御チャンバシステムの容積)は式7を用いて算出することができる。本実施形態では、Vdiは制御チャンバとラインL0およびL1の容積を表し、L0およびL1は固定されており、既知の量を有する。VdiからL0およびL1を引くと、制御チャンバのみの容積が得られる。上記の式7を用いて、たとえば、圧送動作の前(Vdi1)と後(Vdi2)(たとえば、注液サイクルの最後と排液サイクルの最後で)の両方で、制御チャンバの容積変化を判定し、ポンプによって送出される(あるいはポンプによって取り込まれる)流体の容積を測定することができる。たとえば、Vdi1が注液工程の最後での制御チャンバの容積であり、Vdi2が次の送出行程の最後での制御チャンバの容積である場合、ポンプによって送出される流体の容積は、Vdi2からVdi1を引くことによって概算することができる。この測定は圧力に基づき行われるため、圧送行程の全体または一部にかかわらず、ポンプチャンバ181内の膜15/ポンプ制御領域1482のほぼ任意の位置に関して容積を判定することができる。ただし、注液行程および送出行程の最後での測定は、圧送動作および/または流速にほとんどか全く影響を及ぼさずに達成することができる。
PriVriγ+PdiVdiγ=Constant=PrfVrfγ+PdfVdfγ (8)
となる。
ただし、PriはバルブX2の開放前の基準チャンバ内の圧力であり、PdiはバルブX2の開放前の制御チャンバ内の圧力であり、Prfは最終基準チャンバ圧であり、Pdfは最終制御チャンバ圧である。
1)バルブX2の開放直前に始まり、PrとPdが均等に近くなって終わる、制御チャンバおよび基準チャンバからの一連の圧力データセットを取得する。Priが捕捉された第1の基準チャンバ圧である場合、図32における次のサンプリングポイントはPrj = Pr1、Pr2、...Prnと称される。
ΔVrj=Vrj−Vri=Vri(−1+(Prj/Pri)−(1/γ)
3) 上記各ΔVrjに関して、式7を用いて対応するVdijを算出する。たとえば、
Pr1に対応するVdiの場合、
本発明の別の態様は、ポンプチャンバ181内の空気の存在の判定と、存在する場合にはその空気の容積の判定とを含む。このような判定は、たとえば、カセット24から空気を除去する準備シーケンスの適切な実行を確実にするため、および/または空気が患者に送出されないことを確実にするため重要であり得る。特定の実施形態では、たとえば、ポンプチャンバ181の底部で下側開口部187を通って患者に流体を送出する際、ポンプチャンバに捕捉された空気またはその他の気体はポンプチャンバ181内に残る傾向があり、気体の容積がポンプチャンバ181の有効デッドスペースの容積よりも大きくない限り、当該空気またはその他の気体の患者への圧送は阻害される。後述するように、ポンプチャンバ181に含まれる空気またはその他の気体は、本発明の態様にしたがって判定することができ、気体の容積がポンプチャンバ181の有効デッドスペースの容積より大きくなる前に気体をポンプチャンバ181から一掃することができる。
注液工程の最後で膜15/制御領域1482が制御チャンバの壁に押し当てられている状態で、たとえば、制御チャンバ壁の溝またはその他の特徴の存在による制御チャンバ内の空気空間の容積とラインL0およびL1の容積−合わせてVdfix−とは、かなり正確に知ることができる(同様に、膜15/制御領域1482がポンプチャンバ181のスペーサ要素50に押し当てられている状態で、制御チャンバの容積とラインL0およびL1の容積も正確に知ることができる)。注液工程後、制御チャンバシステムの容積は、正の制御チャンバプレチャージを用いてテストされる。このテスト容積と注液工程の最後でのテスト容積との不一致は、ある容積の空気がポンプチャンバ内に存在することを示す。式9を式7に代入すると、制御チャンバΔVdの容積変化は次式によって求められる。
ΔVrは式6から算出でき、ΔVr=(−1)ΔVdであることが式5から既知であるため、式10は、
(−1)ΔVr=(Vbi+Vdfix)(−1+(Pdf/Pdi)−(1/γ)) (11)
と書き直すことができ、
Vbi=(−1)ΔVr/(−1+(Pdf/Pdi)−(1/γ)) (12)
と再度書き直すことができる。
状況によっては、カセット24またはシステムのその他の部分に対する患者の高さ方向の位置を判定することが有用であり得る。たとえば、状況によっては、透析患者は、注液または排液動作中に患者の腹膜腔を出入りして流れる流体による「引っ張り」またはその他の運動を感じることがある。この感覚を低減するため、サイクラー14は注液および/または排液動作中に患者ライン34に印加される圧力を低減することができる。しかし、患者ライン34の圧力を適切に設定するため、サイクラー14は、サイクラー14、加熱バッグ22、システムの排液口またはその他の部分に対する患者の高さを判定することができる。たとえば、注液動作を実行するとき、患者の腹膜腔が加熱バッグ22またはカセット24の5フィート(約1.5m)上方に位置する場合、サイクラー14は、患者の腹膜腔がサイクラー14の5フィート(約1.5m)下方に位置する場合よりも、透析液を送出する患者ライン34内で高い圧力を使用する必要がある。圧力は、所望の目標ポンプチャンバ圧を達成するために可変時間間隔をおいてバイナリ気圧源バルブを交互に開閉することによって調節することができる。平均の所望目標圧は、たとえば、ポンプチャンバ圧が目標圧よりも特定量低い場合はバルブを開放させておき、ポンプチャンバ圧が目標圧よりも特定量高い場合はバルブを閉鎖させておくように時間間隔を調節することによって維持することができる。完全な行程容積の送出を維持するための調節は、ポンプチャンバの注液および/または送出回数を調節することによって実行することができる。可変開口ソースバルブが使用される場合、目標ポンプチャンバ圧は、バルブを開閉する間隔のタイミングに加えてソースバルブの開口を変動させることによって達成することができる。患者位置を調節するため、サイクラー14は瞬間的に流体の圧送を停止して、(たとえば、カセット24内の適切なバルブポートを開放することによって)患者ライン34をカセット内の1または複数のポンプチャンバ181と開放流体連通させることができる。しかし、ポンプチャンバ181用の上側バルブポート192などの他の流体ラインは閉鎖することができる。この状況で、ポンプのうちの1つの制御チャンバ内の圧力を測定することができる。当該技術において公知であるように、この圧力は患者の「頭」高と相関しており、患者への流体の送出圧力を制御するためにサイクラー14によって利用することができる。加熱バッグ22および/または溶液容器20などの頭高(通常は既知である)が適切に流体を圧送するのに必要な圧力に影響を及ぼす場合、これらの構成要素の頭高を判定するために同様の手法を使用することができる。
本発明の態様では、サイクラー14は、動作中および/またはアイドリング時にサイクラー14によって生成されるノイズを低減する1または複数の特徴を含むことができる。本発明の一態様によると、サイクラー14は、サイクラー14の各種空気圧システムを制御するのに使用される圧力と真空の両方を生成する単独のポンプを含むことができる。一実施形態では、ポンプは圧力と真空の両方を同時に生成できることによって、全体の実行時間を低減し、ポンプをさらに低速で(よって、さらに静かに)作動させることができる。別の実施形態では、エアポンプの始動および/または停止は傾斜をつけることができる、たとえば、始動時にはポンプの速度またはパワー出力を緩やかに増加させ、および/または切断時にはポンプの速度またはパワー出力を緩やかに低減させる。この構成はエアポンプの始動および停止に関わる「オン/オフ」ノイズの低減を助けることができるため、ポンプのノイズはさほど顕著でない。別の実施形態では、切断とは対照的にエアポンプが動作し続けて結局は短時間後にオンにされるように、目標出力圧力または容積流速に近づくと、エアポンプは下側デューティサイクルで作動させることができる。その結果、エアポンプのオンオフサイクルの反復によって生じる混乱を回避できる。
図1に関連づけて説明する制御システム16は、透析治療の制御や透析治療に関連する情報の通信などの各種機能を有する。これらの機能は単独のコンピュータまたはプロセッサによって実行されるが、これらの機能の実現が物理的および概念的に分離されておくように異なる機能には異なるコンピュータを使用することが望ましいことがある。たとえば、透析器の制御に1つのコンピュータを使用し、ユーザインターフェースの制御に別のコンピュータを使用することが望ましいことがある。
APDシステムにおける状況または事象は、記録される、ユーザに表示される、あるいはその両方の警告および/または警報を始動させることができる。これらの警告および警報はユーザインターフェースサブシステム内にあるユーザインターフェース構成体であり、システムの任意の部分で発生する状況によって始動させることができる。これらの状況は、(1)システムエラー状況、(2)治療状況、および(3)システム動作状況の3つのカテゴリに分類することができる。
上述したように、UIビューサブシステム338(図47)はインターフェースをユーザに提供する役割をする。UIビューサブシステムはクライエントであり、自動コンピュータ上で作動するUIモデルサブシステム360(図47)とのインターフェースをとる。たとえば、UIビューサブシステムはUIモデルサブシステムと通信し、所与の時間にどのスクリーンをユーザに表示すべきかを判定する。UIビューはスクリーンビュー用のテンプレートを含むことができ、表示言語、スキン、音声言語、および文化的に重要な動画などの地域固有の設定を処理することができる。
Claims (8)
- ポンプによって移動された流体の容積を決定するための医療機器の作動方法であって、前記医療機器は、可動膜によってポンプ制御チャンバと分離されたポンプチャンバと、前記ポンプ制御チャンバと流体接続可能な既知の容積の基準チャンバとを有する流体ポンプ装置を含み、前記ポンプ制御チャンバ内の第1圧力を調整することにより、前記膜が動いて、前記ポンプチャンバ内の流体が移動する、前記医療機器の作動方法において、
前記基準チャンバを前記ポンプ制御チャンバから隔離して、前記基準チャンバ内に、前記ポンプ制御チャンバ内の圧力とは異なる第2圧力を確立すること、
前記基準チャンバと前記ポンプ制御チャンバとを流体接続して、前記ポンプ制御チャンバ及び前記基準チャンバ内の圧力の等化を開始させること、
前記第1および第2圧力と、前記基準チャンバ及びポンプ制御チャンバが流体接続された後で、かつ前記ポンプ制御チャンバ及び前記基準チャンバ内の圧力が等化する前の前記基準チャンバ及び前記ポンプ制御チャンバについての少なくとも一つの圧力と、前記ポンプ制御チャンバ及び前記基準チャンバ内の圧力が断熱方法にて等化を開始すると仮定する数学モデルとに基づいて前記ポンプ制御チャンバについての容積を決定すること
を含む作動方法。 - 前記基準チャンバと前記ポンプ制御チャンバとを流体接続した後であるが、前記ポンプ制御チャンバと前記基準チャンバとの間に圧力の実質的な等化が生じる前に、前記ポンプ制御チャンバ及び前記基準チャンバの第3および第4圧力をそれぞれ測定し、前記第3および第4圧力を使用して、前記ポンプ制御チャンバの容積を決定することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の作動方法。
- 前記隔離すること、流体接続すること、および、決定することを繰返し、前記ポンプ制御チャンバについて決定した2つの容積の差分を決定することであって、前記差分が前記ポンプによって送達された流体の容積を表す、前記差分を決定することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の作動方法。
- 前記ポンプは使い捨てカセットの一部であり、前記ポンプ制御チャンバは透析手順で使用する透析機器の一部である、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の作動方法。
- 前記第1圧力は、前記ポンプ制御チャンバ内の圧力がそれまでの安定した値から最初に変化し始めた時点と一致する複数の圧力測定値より選択されている、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載の作動方法。
- 前記第2圧力は、前記基準チャンバ内の圧力がそれまでの安定した値から最初に変化し始めた時点と一致する複数の圧力測定値より選択されている、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の作動方法。
- 前記時点は、複数の連続した組の測定圧力値の最良適合線がゼロ勾配から最初に逸脱した時点の決定に基づいて識別される、請求項5または6に記載の作動方法。
- 前記第3および第4圧力は実質的に互いに等しくない、請求項2に記載の作動方法。
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