JP5722917B2 - 太陽入熱を用いて熱化学プロセスを行う反応器、ならびに関連するシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
太陽入熱を用いて熱化学プロセスを行う反応器、ならびに関連するシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5722917B2 JP5722917B2 JP2012553087A JP2012553087A JP5722917B2 JP 5722917 B2 JP5722917 B2 JP 5722917B2 JP 2012553087 A JP2012553087 A JP 2012553087A JP 2012553087 A JP2012553087 A JP 2012553087A JP 5722917 B2 JP5722917 B2 JP 5722917B2
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Description
本出願は、2010年2月13日に出願され、参照により本明細書に援用される係属中の米国特許仮出願第61/304,403号明細書の優先権を主張する。前述の出願および/または参照により本明細書に援用される範囲までいずれの他の資料も本明細書に示された開示と矛盾する場合には、本明細書の開示が優先する。
太陽エネルギーによって引き起こされる反応を行う装置、システム、および方法のいくつかの例が以下に説明される。特定の実施形態による反応器は、作動の一段階中に太陽エネルギーを収集し、作動の別の段階中にその収集装置を使用して熱を遮断することができる。そのような反応器は、水素燃料および/または他の有用な最終製品を製造するために使用することができる。したがって、反応器は清浄燃焼性燃料を生成することができ、ポリマーおよび炭素複合材を含む耐久財に使用するために、炭素および/または他の成分を再利用することができる。以下の説明は、当業者がそれらの例を実施し、製作し、使用することを可能にするために十分なように、下記の例の多くの特定の細部を示すが、以下に説明されるいくつかの細部および利点は、本技術の特定の例を実施するために必要ないこともある。さらに、本技術は、特許請求の範囲には包含されるが、ここでは詳細には説明されていない別の例も含み得る。
図1は、本技術の特定の実施形態による太陽エネルギー集中装置120に結合された反応器110を有するシステム100の部分的に概略化された部分断面図である。この実施形態の一態様では、太陽エネルギー集中装置120は、台座122に装着されたパラボラアンテナ121を備える。パラボラアンテナ121は、入射太陽エネルギー126を受け取る集中装置面123を備え得、太陽エネルギーを集束された太陽エネルギー127として焦点域124方向に導く。パラボラアンテナ121は、地球が自転するにつれて太陽エネルギー126を効率的に集束するために少なくとも2つの直交軸の周りでパラボラアンテナ121を移動させる集中装置アクチュエータ125に結合することができる。以下にさらに詳細に説明されるように、集中装置アクチュエータ125はまた、冷却作動中、パラボラアンテナ121を太陽からそむけるように意図的に配置するように構成することもできる。
Claims (17)
- 反応体を処理する反応器システムであって、
反応領域を有する反応器と、
前記反応器の前記反応領域と流体連通して結合された反応体供給源と、
太陽エネルギーを焦点域に導くように配置可能な少なくとも1つの集中装置面を有する太陽エネルギー集中装置と、
前記太陽エネルギー集中装置に結合され、前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を太陽に対して移動させるアクチュエータと、
前記アクチュエータに動作可能に結合されたコントローラであって、
実行時、前記コントローラは、前記太陽エネルギーが閾値を上回るとき、前記アクチュエータに指示して前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を、前記太陽エネルギーを前記反応領域上に集束させるように配置し、
前記太陽エネルギーが前記閾値を下回るとき、前記アクチュエータに指示して前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を少なくとも部分的に太陽からそむけるように配置して前記焦点域に配置された対象物を冷却する、
命令でプログラムされる前記コントローラと、および、
熱交換器流体を担持する熱交換器であって、前記太陽エネルギーが前記閾値を下回るときに前記焦点域に配置可能であり、その結果前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を経由して前記熱交換器流体から熱を排出する熱交換器と、
を備える、
ことを特徴とする反応器システム。 - 前記熱交換器および前記太陽エネルギー集中装置の少なくとも1つは、他方に対して、前記焦点域が前記反応領域と整合される第1の形状と、前記焦点域が前記熱交換器と整合される第2の形状との間で前記反応器の軸方向に沿って移動可能であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記反応領域は第1の反応領域であり、前記システムは第2の反応領域をさらに備え、前記太陽エネルギー集中装置、前記第1の反応領域、および前記第2の反応領域の少なくとも1つは、前記焦点域が前記第1の反応領域と整合される第1の形状と、前記焦点域が前記第2の反応領域と整合される第2の形状とを形成するように移動可能であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記反応体供給源によって担持される反応体であって、炭素、ホウ素、窒素、珪素、遷移金属、および硫黄の少なくとも1つを成分として有する水素供与体を含む反応体をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 反応体を処理する反応器システムであって、
反応領域を有する反応器と、
前記反応器の前記反応領域と流体連通して結合された反応体供給源と、
太陽エネルギーを焦点域に導くように配置可能な少なくとも1つの集中装置面を有する太陽エネルギー集中装置と、
前記太陽エネルギー集中装置に結合され、前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を太陽に対して移動させる第1のアクチュエータと、
第1の表面と、前記第1の表面から外方を向く第2の表面とを有する、前記集中装置面と前記焦点域の間に配置された放射制御構造体であって、前記第1の表面は第1の太陽エネルギー吸収率および第1の太陽エネルギー射出率を有し、前記第2の表面は、前記第1の太陽エネルギー吸収率より小さい第2の太陽エネルギー吸収率と、前記第1の太陽エネルギー射出率より大きい第2の太陽エネルギー射出率とを有する放射制御構造体と、
前記放射制御構造体に結合され、前記構造体を、前記第1の表面が前記集中装置面方向に面する第1の形状から、および、前記第2の表面が前記集中装置面方向に面する第2の形状から変化させる第2のアクチュエータと、
熱交換器流体を担持する熱交換器であって、前記太陽エネルギーが閾値を下回るときに前記焦点域に配置可能であり、その結果前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を経由して前記熱交換器流体から熱を排出する熱交換器と、
を備えることを特徴とする反応器システム。 - 前記第1のアクチュエータおよび前記第2のアクチュエータに動作可能に結合されたコントローラであって、実行時、
前記太陽エネルギーが前記閾値を上回るとき、前記第1のアクチュエータに指示して前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を、前記太陽エネルギーを前記反応領域上に集束させるように配置し、
前記太陽エネルギーが前記閾値を上回るとき、前記第2のアクチュエータに指示して前記放射制御構造体を前記第1の形状に配置し、
前記太陽エネルギーが前記閾値を下回るとき、前記第1のアクチュエータに指示して前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を、前記太陽からそらした、前記太陽エネルギーが比較的小さい空中の場所に向くように配置して前記焦点域に配置された対象物を冷却し、
前記太陽エネルギーが前記閾値を下回るとき、前記第2のアクチュエータに指示して前記放射制御構造体を前記第2の形状に配置する、
命令でプログラムされるコントローラをさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のシステム。 - 前記放射制御構造体は複数の旋回可能な要素を備え、個々の旋回可能要素は、第1の表面と、前記第1の表面から外方を向く第2の表面とを有することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記太陽エネルギー集中装置および前記反応領域の近位に配置された再方向付け構成要素であって、前記太陽エネルギー集中装置によって導かれた前記太陽エネルギーの少なくとも一部分を受け取り、前記一部分を前記反応領域内に再方向付けるように配置された少なくとも1つの移動可能な表面を有する再方向付け構成要素をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 前記再方向付け構成要素は、複数の移動可能な表面を備えることを特徴とする請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 前記移動可能な表面は、反射面を備えることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記移動可能な表面は、第1のピーク波長範囲を有する第1のスペクトル上で太陽エネルギー放射を受け取り、前記第1のピーク波長範囲とは異なる第2のピーク波長範囲を有する第2のスペクトル上で前記太陽エネルギー放射を前記反応領域内に再放射するように配置された再放射構成要素を備えることを特徴とする請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記反応体供給源によって担持される反応体であって、炭素、ホウ素、窒素、珪素、遷移金属、および硫黄の少なくとも1つを成分として有する水素供与体を含む反応体をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のシステム。
- 炭化水素供与体を処理する反応器システムであって、
反応領域を有する反応容器と、
前記反応容器の前記反応領域と流体連通して結合され、炭化水素供与体を担持する炭化水素供与体供給源と、
前記反応領域に結合され、前記炭化水素供与体を前記反応領域で分解することによって生成された水素ベース燃料を受け取る第1の生成物収集器と、
前記反応領域に結合され、前記炭化水素供与体を分解することによって生成された炭素および炭素化合物の少なくとも1つを受け取る第2の生成物収集器と、
焦点域を有し、太陽エネルギーを前記焦点域方向に導くように配置可能である少なくとも1つの集中装置面を有する太陽エネルギー集中装置と、
前記太陽エネルギー集中装置に結合され、前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を太陽に対して移動させるアクチュエータと、
前記アクチュエータに動作可能に結合されたコントローラであって、
実行時、前記コントローラは、日照時間の間、前記太陽エネルギー集中装置に指示して太陽方向に向かせ、前記太陽エネルギーを前記反応領域に集束させ、
日照時間後、前記太陽エネルギー集中装置に指示して少なくとも部分的に太陽からそむけるように配置し、前記焦点域に配置された対象物を冷却する命令でプログラムされる前記コントローラと、
熱交換器流体を担持する熱交換器であって、前記太陽エネルギーが閾値を下回るときに前記焦点域に配置可能であり、その結果前記太陽エネルギー集中装置を経由して前記熱交換器流体から熱を排出する熱交換器と、
を備えることを特徴とする反応器システム。 - 前記反応領域は第1の反応領域を備え、
前記アクチュエータは第1のアクチュエータを備え、
前記システムは第2の反応領域をさらに備え、前記システムは、
前記第2の反応領域と流体連通する熱交換器流体を担持する熱交換器と、
前記熱交換器および前記太陽エネルギー集中装置の少なくとも1つに結合された第2のアクチュエータと、をさらに備え、
前記コントローラは、実行時、
日照時間の間、前記第2のアクチュエータに指示して前記焦点域を前記第1の反応領域に整合させ、
日照時間後、前記第2のアクチュエータに指示して前記焦点域を前記熱交換器に整合させる、
さらなる命令でプログラムされる、ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載のシステム。 - 前記太陽エネルギー集中装置は、パラボラアンテナ状の集中装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記太陽エネルギー集中装置は、トラフ状の集中装置を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記太陽エネルギー集中装置は、フレネルレンズを備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシステム。
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JP2015075145A Ceased JP2015157752A (ja) | 2010-02-13 | 2015-04-01 | 水素ベースの燃料および構造要素を生成する透過面を有する反応容器、ならびに関連するシステムおよび方法 |
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JP2015075145A Ceased JP2015157752A (ja) | 2010-02-13 | 2015-04-01 | 水素ベースの燃料および構造要素を生成する透過面を有する反応容器、ならびに関連するシステムおよび方法 |
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EP (1) | EP2533891A4 (ja) |
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BR (1) | BR112012020095A2 (ja) |
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