JP4723239B2 - 治療剤としての遊離−b−環フラボノイド類とフラバン類との混合物の製剤 - Google Patents
治療剤としての遊離−b−環フラボノイド類とフラバン類との混合物の製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4723239B2 JP4723239B2 JP2004500784A JP2004500784A JP4723239B2 JP 4723239 B2 JP4723239 B2 JP 4723239B2 JP 2004500784 A JP2004500784 A JP 2004500784A JP 2004500784 A JP2004500784 A JP 2004500784A JP 4723239 B2 JP4723239 B2 JP 4723239B2
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Description
R1、R2、R3、R4、及びR5は独立して、−H、−OH、−SH、OR、−SR、−NH2、−NHR、−NR2、−NR3 +X−、炭素、酸素、窒素または硫黄、アルドペントース、メチル−アルドペントース、アルドヘキソース、ケトヘキソース及びその化学的誘導体が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない単一のまたは多数の糖の組合せのグリコシドからなる群から選択され;
ここで、
Rは、1〜10個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり;
Xは、ヒドロキシル、塩化物、ヨウ化物、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、酢酸塩、フッ化物、炭酸塩等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない薬学的に許容可能な対陰イオンの群から選択される。]
遊離−B−環フラボノイド類は比較的にまれである。合成するかまたは天然源から単離された9,396種のフラボノイド類中、231種の遊離−B−環フラボノイド類のみが周知である(The Combined Chemical Dictionary, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Version 5:1 June 2001)。遊離−B−環フラボノイド類は多様な生理活性を有すると報告された。例えば、ガランギン(galangin)(3,5,7−トリヒドロキシフラボン)は抗酸化剤及びフリーラジカル捕捉剤として働き、抗遺伝子毒性及び癌の化学的予防の有望な候補であると考えられている(Heo et al. (2001) Mutat. Res. 488:135-150)。抗菌剤活性(Afolayan and Meyer (1997) Ethnopharmacol. 57:177-181)及び抗ウイルス活性(Meyer et al. (1997) J. Ethnopharmacol. 56:165-169)を有するのは、チロシナーゼモノフェノラーゼの阻害剤(Kubo et al. (2000) Bioorg. Med. Chem. 8:1749-1755)、ウサギ心臓カルボニルレダクターゼの阻害剤(Imamura et al. (2000) J. Biochem. 127:653-658)である。バイカレイン(Baicalein)及び2つの他の遊離−B−環フラボノイド類は、ヒト乳癌細胞に対する抗増殖性活性を有する。(So et al. (1997) Cancer Lett. 112:127-133)。
フラバン類は、以下の一般的な構造によって示される化合物を含む:
R1、R2、R3、R4及びR5は独立して、−H、−OH、−SH、−OCH3、−SCH3、−OR、−SR、−NH2、−NRH、−NR2、−NR3 +X−、没食子酸エステル、酢酸エステル、シンナモイル及びヒドロキシル−シンナモイルエステル、トリヒドロキシベンゾイルエステル及びカフェオイルエステル、及びその化学的誘導体が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない言及された置換基のエステル;アルドペントース、メチルアルドペントース、アルドヘキソース、ケトヘキソース及びその化学的誘導体が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない単一のまたは多数の糖の組合せの炭素、酸素、窒素または硫黄グリコシド;ダイマー、トリマー及び他の重合フラバン類;からなる群から選択され;
ここで、
Rは、1〜10個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり;
Xは、ヒドロキシル、塩化物、ヨウ化物、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、酢酸塩、フッ化物、及び炭酸塩等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない薬学的に許容可能な対陰イオンの群から選択される。]
カテキンは、主にアカシア中に見い出され、以下の構造を有するフラバンである。
R1、R2、R3、R4、及びR5は独立して、−H、−OH、−SH、OR、−SR、−NH2、−NHR、−NR2、−NR3 +X−、炭素、酸素、窒素または硫黄、アルドペントース、メチル−アルドペントース、アルドヘキソース、ケトヘキソース及びその化学的誘導体が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない単一のまたは多数の糖の組合せのグリコシドからなる群から選択され;
ここで、
Rは、1〜10個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり;
Xは、ヒドロキシル、塩化物、ヨウ化物、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、酢酸塩、フッ化物、炭酸塩等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない薬学的に許容可能な対陰イオンの群から選択される。]
以下の発明に従って使用できるフラバン類は、以下の一般的な構造によって示される化合物を含む:
R1、R2、R3、R4及びR5は独立して、−H、−OH、−SH、−OCH3、−SCH3、−OR、−SR、−NH2、−NRH、−NR2、−NR3 +X−、没食子酸エステル、酢酸エステル、シンナモイル及びヒドロキシル−シンナモイルエステル、トリヒドロキシベンゾイルエステル及びカフェオイルエステル、及びその化学的誘導体が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない言及された置換基のエステル;アルドペントース、メチルアルドペントース、アルドヘキソース、ケトヘキソース及びその化学的誘導体が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない単一のまたは多数の糖の組合せの炭素、酸素、窒素または硫黄グリコシド;ダイマー、トリマー及び他の重合フラバン類;からなる群から選択され;
ここで、
Rは、1〜10個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり;
Xは、ヒドロキシル、塩化物、ヨウ化物、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、酢酸塩、フッ化物、及び炭酸塩等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない薬学的に許容可能な対陰イオンの群から選択される。]
本発明の遊離−B−環フラボノイド類は、合成法によって得るかまたはアンノナセアエ(Annonaceae)、アステラセアエ(Asteraceae)、ビグノニアセアエ(Bignoniaceae)、コムブレタセアエ(Combretaceae)、コンポシタエ(Compositae)、エウフォルビアセアセ(Euphorbiaceae)、ラビアタエ(Labiatae)、ラウランセアセ(Lauranceae)、レグミノサエ、モラセアエ(Moraceae)、ピナセアエ(Pinaceae)、プテリダセアエ(Pteridaceae)、シノプテリダセアエ(Sinopteridaceae)、ウルマセアセ(Ulmaceae)及びジンギベラセアエ(Zingiberaceae)が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない植物の科から抽出してよい。遊離−B−環フラボノイド類は、デスモス(Desmos)、アキロクリン(Achyrocline)、オロキシルム(Oroxylum)、ブチェナビア(Buchenavia)、アナファリス(Anaphalis)、コツラ(Cotula)、グナファリウム(Gnaphalium)、ヘリクリスム(Helichrysum)、センタウレア(Centaurea)、エウパトリウム(Eupatorium)、バッカリス(Baccharis)、サピウム(Sapium)、スキューテラリア、モルサ(Molsa)、コレブローケア(Colebrookea)、スタキス(Stachys)、オリガヌム(Origanum)、ジジフォラ(Ziziphora)、リンデラ(Lindera)、アクチノダフネ(Actinodaphne)、アカシア、デリス(Derris)、グリシルヒザ(Glycyrrhiza)、ミレッチア(Millettia)、ポンガミア(Pongamia)、テフロシア(Tephrosia)、アルトカルプス(Artocarpus)、フィクス(Ficus)、ピティログラマ(Pityrogramma)、ノトラエナ(Notholaena)、ピヌス(Pinus)、ウルムス(Ulmus)及びアルピニア(Alpinia)が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではな高等植物の属から抽出し、濃縮し、精製することができる。
“ある”物質という用語は、この物質のうちの1つ以上を指し、例えば、フラボノイドは1つ以上のフラボノイド類を指すことに注意されたい。従って、“ある”、“1つ以上の”及び“少なくとも1つの”という用語は、本明細書において互換性がある。
R1、R2、R3、R4、及びR5は独立して、−H、−OH、−SH、OR、−SR、−NH2、−NHR、−NR2、−NR3 +X−、炭素、酸素、窒素または硫黄、アルドペントース、メチル−アルドペントース、アルドヘキソース、ケトヘキソース及びその化学的誘導体が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない単一のまたは多数の糖の組合せのグリコシドからなる群から選択され;
ここで、
Rは、1〜10個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり;
Xは、ヒドロキシル、塩化物、ヨウ化物、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、酢酸塩、フッ化物、炭酸塩等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない薬学的に許容可能な対陰イオンの群から選択される。]
“フラバン類”は、以下の一般的な構造で一般に表すことができる特定のクラスのフラボノイド類である:
R1、R2、R3、R4及びR5は独立して、−H、−OH、−SH、−OCH3、−SCH3、−OR、−SR、−NH2、−NRH、−NR2、−NR3 +X−、没食子酸エステル、酢酸エステル、シンナモイル及びヒドロキシル−シンナモイルエステル、トリヒドロキシベンゾイルエステル及びカフェオイルエステル、及びその化学的誘導体が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない置換基のエステル;アルドペントース、メチルアルドペントース、アルドヘキソース、ケトヘキソース及びその化学的誘導体が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない単一のまたは多数の糖の組合せの炭素、酸素、窒素または硫黄グリコシド;ダイマー、トリマー及び他の重合フラバン類;からなる群から選択され;
ここで、
Rは、1〜10個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基であり;
Xは、ヒドロキシル、塩化物、ヨウ化物、硫酸塩、リン酸塩、酢酸塩、フッ化物、及び炭酸塩等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されるものではない薬学的に許容可能な対陰イオンの群から選択される。]
“遺伝子発現”は、遺伝子からmRNAへの転写を指す。
“RT−qPCR”は、mRNA分子をcDNA分子に逆転写(RT)し、次に遺伝子発現のレベルを、蛍光レポーターと組み合わせたポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)使用して定量的に評価する方法である。
“薬学的にまたは治療上有効な用量または量”は、所望の生物学的結果を誘発するのに十分な用量レベルを指す。この結果は、疾患若しくは望ましい生体系の任意の他の変更の徴候、症状または原因の軽減としてよい。
本出願全体にわたって様々な引用が提供されることに注意されたい。各引用を特に本明細書において参考のためにその全体を引用する。
実施例17は、ユニベスチンTMによるcox−2遺伝子の示差的阻害を決定するために実行した実験を説明する。遺伝子発現データを、半定量RT−qPCRアッセイにおいてcox−1及びcox−2mRNA生成の阻害に関して得た。結果を図16及び17に説明する。図16に関してユニベスチンTMは、cox−1遺伝子発現に影響せずにcox−2mRNA生成を阻害したことが分かる。加えて、他のCOX−2阻害剤と比較した場合に、ユニベスチンTMは、cox−1及びcox−2遺伝子発現のLPS−刺激増大を減少させることができた。さらに重要なことには、セレコキシブ及びイブプロフェンは両方ともcox−2遺伝子発現を増大した(図17)。
アカシア・カテキュー(L)・ワイルド.(Acacia catechu (L) Willd.)の樹皮、スキューテラリア・オルソカリクス(Scutellaria orthocalyx)の根、スキューテラリア・バイカレンシスの根またはスキューテラリア・ラテリフロラ(Scutellaria lateriflora)の植物全体から得られる植物材料を粉砕して粒度2mm以下にした。乾燥した粉砕植物材料(60g)を次にエルレンマイヤーフラスコに移し、メタノール:ジクロロメタン(1:1)(600mL)を加えた。混合物を1時間振とうし、ろ過し、バイオマスを再度メタノール:ジクロロメタン(1:1)(600mL)を用いて抽出した。有機抽出物を合わせ、真空下で蒸発させて、有機抽出物を提供した(下記の表1を参照されたい)。有機抽出後に、バイオマスを空気乾燥し、超純水(600mL)を用いて1回抽出した。水溶液をろ過し、凍結乾燥して、水性抽出物を提供した(下記の表1を参照されたい)。
特異的COX−2阻害剤の特定のためのバイオアッセイ志向型ふるい分けプロセスを設計して、下記に説明するように酵素のペルオキシダーゼ活性をアッセイした。
活性植物から得られる有機抽出物(400mg)を予備充填フラッシュカラム(2cmID×8.2cm、10gのシリカゲル)上に負荷した。カラムを、日立高スループット精製(HTP)システム(Hitachi high throughput purification (HTP) system)を使用し、勾配移動相(A)50:50EtOAc:ヘキサン及び(B)メタノールで100%A〜100%Bを用いて30分、流量5mL/分で溶出した。分離を、広帯域波長UV検出器を使用して監視し、フラクションを、ジルソンフラクションコレクター(Gilson fraction collector)を使用して1.9mL/穴で96深穴プレート中に集めた。試料プレートを低真空及び遠心分離下で乾燥した。DMSO(1.5mL)を使用して、各細胞中の試料を溶解させ、一部分(100μL)をCOX阻害アッセイ用に採取した。
COX−1及びCOX−2組み換え酵素の両方のペルオキシダーゼ活性を阻害する能力に関してHTPフラクションの各々を調べることで、個々の生理活性有機抽出物をさらにキャラクタリゼーションした。結果を図1及び2に提出し、実施例1及び3に説明するように単離し、実施例2に説明するようにアッセイしたアカシア・カテキューの樹皮及びスキューテラリア・バイカレンシスの根の有機抽出物から得られるHTPフラクションによるCOX−2及びCOX−1活性の阻害を示す。図1及び2に示すプロフィルは、各抽出物中の多数の活性成分を示す阻害の多数のピークを示す。幾つかの活性ピークはCOX−2に対して非常に選択的である。スキューテラリア・オルソカリクス及びスキューテラリア・ラテリフロラを含む他のスキューテラリアsp.は、阻害の同様のピークを証明する(データは示さない)。しかしながら、COX−1及びCOX−2酵素の両方は阻害の多数のピークを証明し、初期の阻害プロフィルの一因となる1を超える分子が存在することを示唆する
スキューテラリア・オルソカリクスの根から得られる有機抽出物(5g)(実施例1に説明するように単離した)を予備充填フラッシュカラム(120gのシリカ、40μm粒度32〜60μm、25cm×4cm)上に負荷し、勾配移動相(A)50:50EtOAc:ヘキサン及び(B)メタノールで100%A〜100%Bを用いて60分、流量15mL/分で溶出した。フラクションを10mL/フラクションで試験管中に集めた。溶媒を真空下で蒸発させ、各フラクション中の試料を1mLのDMSO中に溶解させ、20μLのアリコートを96穴の浅いディッシュプレートに移し、COX阻害活性に関して試験した。COXアッセイ結果に基づいて、活性フラクション#31〜#39を合わせ、蒸発させた。HPLC/PDA及びLC/MSによる分析は、保持時間8.9分及び272m/eでのMSピークを有する主要な化合物を示した。生成物をさらに、C18半作製カラム(25cm×1cm)上で、勾配移動相(A)水及び(B)メタノールを用いて45分間、流量5mL/分で精製した。88のフラクションを集めて、5.6mgの淡黄色の固体を与えた。純度を、HPLC/PDA及びLC/MS、及び標準との比較及びNMRデータによって決定した。
分取C−18カラムのカラムクロマトグラフィーを使用して、他の遊離−B−環フラボノイド類を単離し、スキューテラリア・バイカレンシスの根から単離され遊離−B−環フラボノイド含量82.2%を有する標準化抽出物(ロット#RM052302−01)を使用して特定した。図3に示すように、11の構造がHPLC/PDA/MSを使用して明らかになった。図3に関して、特定した11の化合物は、バイカリン、ウォゴニン−7−グルクロニド、オロキシリンA7−グルクロニド、バイカレイン、ウォゴニン、クリシン−7−グルクロニド、5−メチル−ウォゴニン−7−グルクロニド、スキューテラリン(scutellarin)、ノルウォゴニン、クリシン及びオロキシリンAだった。
幾つかの遊離−B−環フラボノイド類を得、実施例2に説明する方法を使用して20μg/mLの濃度でCOX−2阻害活性に関して試験した。結果を下記の表4に要約する。
3つの異なる植物種から単離された5つの活性抽出物中の遊離−B−環フラボノイド類の存在及び量を確定し、表5に説明する。遊離−B−環フラボノイド類を、ルナC−18(Luna C-18)カラム(250×4.5mm、5μm)を使用し、1%リン酸及びアセトニトリル勾配80%〜20%を使用したHPLCによって22分で定量的に分析した。遊離−B−環フラボノイド類を、UV検出器を使用して254nmで検出し、遊離−B−環フラボノイド標準との比較によって保持時間に基づいて特定した。
A.カテキューの根から得られる有機抽出物(5g)(実施例1に説明するように単離した)を予備充填フラッシュカラム(120gのシリカ、40μm粒度32〜60μm、25cm×4cm)上に負荷し、勾配移動相(A)50:50EtOAc:ヘキサン及び(B)メタノールで100%A〜100%Bを用いて60分、流量15mL/分で溶出した。フラクションを10mL/フラクションで試験管中に集めた。溶媒を真空下で蒸発させ、各フラクション中の試料をDMSO(1mL)中に溶解させ、20μLのアリコートを96穴の浅いディッシュプレートに移し、COX阻害活性に関して試験した。COXアッセイ結果に基づいて、活性フラクション#32〜#41を合わせ、蒸発させて、2.6gの固体を与えた。HPLC/PDA及びLC/MSによる分析は、それぞれ保持時間15.8及び16.1分を有する主要な化合物を示した。生成物をさらに、C18半作製カラム(25cm×1cm)上で精製し、12.4mgの生成物を負荷し、勾配移動相(A)水及び(B)アセトニトリル(ACN)を用いて60分間、流量5mL/分で溶出した。88のフラクションを集めて、2つの活性化合物を単離した。化合物1(11.5mg)及び化合物2(16.6mg)である。純度を、標準(カテキン及びエピカテキン)との比較によるHPLC/PDA及びLC/MSデータによって並びにNMRデータによって決定した。
化合物2.
実施例6に説明する方法を使用して、A.カテキューの樹皮から単離されたカテキン及び標準化フラバン抽出物に関する用量反応及びIC50の結果を図7及び8に示す。COX−1及びCOX−2酵素に対するエピカテキンのIC50値はそれぞれ7μg/mL及び20μg/mLである。
アカシア・カテキューから単離された有機及び水性抽出物中のフラバン含量を、ホトダイオードアレイ検出器(HPLC/PDA)及びルナC18カラム(250mm×4.6mm)を使用してHPLCによって定量化した。フラバン類を、アセトニトリル勾配10%〜30%ACNを使用して20分間、続いて60%ACNを使用して5分間カラムから溶出した。結果を表6に説明する。HPLC精製のプロフィルを図9に示す。カテキン及びエピカテキンを標準として使用し、保持時間及びPDAデータに基づいて、フラバン類を定量化した。2つの主要なフラバン類の保持時間はそれぞれ12.73分及び15.76分だった。
アカシア・カテキュー及び様々なスキューテラリア種から単離された有機抽出物のインビトロ効力及びCOX−2特異性を、細胞に基づく系においてAA代謝物の生成を阻害する能力に関して試験した。COX−2を構成的に発現する細胞系HOSC及びCOX−1を発現するTHP−1を、AAの存在下でPGE2を生成する能力に関して試験した。
上記に言及したように、炎症反応に関与する最も重要な経路のうちの1つは非ヘム鉄含有リポキシゲナーゼ(5−LO、12−LO、及び15−LO)によって生じ、こうしたものは、AA(AA)のような脂肪酸の上への分子状酸素の付加を触媒してヒドロペルオキシド5−、12−及び15−HPETEを生成し、次にロイコトリエンに転換する。A.カテキューから得られるフラバン抽出物は、ある程度の5−LO阻害を提供するかもしれず、それによって5−HPETEの形成を予防するという初期の徴候があった。リポキシゲナーゼ阻害剤ふるい分けアッセイキット(ケイマン・ケミカル、Inc.(Cayman Chemical, Inc.)、カタログ#760700)を使用して、アカシア・カテキューから得られる精製されたフラバンカテキンが5−LOをインビトロで直接に阻害するかどうか評価した。マイクロろ過を使用して、リン酸塩からtrisに基づく緩衝液への緩衝液の変更を実行した後に、通常キットにおいて使用される大豆から得られる15−LOをジャガイモ5−LOで取り替えた。このアッセイは、酸素検知クロマジェンによってヒドロペルオキシドの形成を検出する。簡潔に述べると、90μLの0.17単位/μLジャガイモ5−LO、20μLの1.1mMAA、100μLの酸素検知クロマジェン、及び10μLの精製されたフラバン阻害剤を0〜500μg/mLの範囲にわたる終濃度で加えることで、アッセイを3回重複して実行した。カテキンから得られる5−LO阻害のIC50は1.38μg/mL/酵素の単位であると決定された。
アカシア・カテキュー(500mgの粉砕樹皮)を、以下の溶媒系を用いて抽出した。(1)100%水、(2)80:20水:メタノール、(3)60:40水:メタノール、(4)40:60水:メタノール、(5)20:80水:メタノール、(6)100%メタノール、(7)80:20メタノール:THF、(8)60:40メタノール:THF。抽出物を濃縮し、低真空下で乾燥した。各抽出物中の化学的成分の特定を、ホトダイオードアレイ検出器(HPLC/PDA)及び250mm×4.6mmC18カラムを使用してHPLCによって実現した。カテキン及びエピカテキンを標準として使用し、保持時間及びPDAデータに基づいて、化学的成分を定量化した。結果を表8及び図9に説明する。表6に示すように、80%メタノール/水を用いた溶媒抽出から生成したフラバン抽出物は、フラバン成分の最良の濃度を提供した。
スキューテラリア・オルソカリクス(500mgの粉砕根)を、25mLの以下の溶媒系を用いて2回抽出した。(1)100%水、(2)80:20水:メタノール、(3)60:40水:メタノール、(4)40:60水:メタノール、(5)20:80水:メタノール、(6)100%メタノール、(7)80:20メタノール:THF、(8)60:40メタノール:THF。抽出物を合わせ、濃縮し、低真空下で乾燥した。各抽出物中の化学的成分の特定を、ホトダイオードアレイ検出器(HPLC/PDA)及び250mm×4.6mmC18カラムを使用してHPLCによって実行した。バイカレイン、バイカリン、スキューテラレイン(scutellarein)、及びウォゴニンを標準として使用し、保持時間及びPDAデータに基づいて、化学的成分を定量化した。結果を表9に説明する。
本明細書においてユニベスチンTMと呼ぶ新規な組成物を、それぞれアカシア及びスキューテラリアから単離された2つの標準化抽出物を1つ以上の賦形剤と一緒に使用して製剤化した。このような組成物を製造するための一般的な実施例を下記に説明する。この実施例において使用されるアカシア抽出物は、カテキン及びエピカテキンとして>60%の総フラバン類を含み、スキューテラリア抽出物は>70%の遊離−B−環フラボノイド類を含み、これは主にバイカリンだった。表11に説明するように、スキューテラリア抽出物は他の少量の遊離−B−環フラボノイド類を含んだ。1つ以上の賦形剤を組成物に加える。フラバン及び遊離−B−環フラボノイド類の比は、COX−2対5−LOの阻害に関する徴候及び特定の要件並びに製品の効力要件に基づいて調節できる。賦形剤の量は、各成分の実際の活性含量に基づいて調節できる。生成物の各個々のバッチのブレンディング表は、成分の個々のバッチの製品仕様及びQC結果に基づいて作成しなければならない。2〜5%の範囲内の追加の量の活性成分が、製品仕様に適合するために推奨される。表11は、ユニベスチンTMの1バッチ(ロット#G1702−COX−2)のために作成したブレンディング表を示す。
ユニベスチンTMの3つの異なる製剤を実施例14に提供するように製造し、COX−1及びCOX−2阻害活性に関して実施例6に説明するように試験した。図11、12及び13に示すように、3つの製剤は全て、COX酵素活性の有意な用量反応阻害を示す。
ユニベスチンTM試料を、スキューテラリア・バイカレンシスの根から得られる標準化遊離−B−環フラボノイド抽出物及びアカシア・カテキュー樹皮から得られる標準化フラバン抽出物の組合せを使用して、実施例14に略述するように製造し、これらはブレンディング比80:20を有した。試料を、THP−1またはHT−29細胞(COX−1、COX−2及び5−LOを発現する単核細胞系)を含む組織培地中で滴定した。LTB4(LTB4;ネオジェン、Inc.(Neogen, Inc.)、カタログ#406110)のための競合ELISAを使用して、各細胞系中に存在するLTB4の新規合成レベルにユニベスチンTMが及ぼす影響をユニベスチンTMが5−LO経路に及ぼす阻害効果の尺度として評価した。160,000〜180,000細胞/穴を6穴プレート中に加えて、アッセイを二回重複して実行した。ユニベスチンTMを3、10、30及び100μg/mLでTHP−1培養に加え、一晩(〜12−15時間)、37℃で、5%CO2と共に、加湿した環境中でインキュベートした。結果を図14に説明し、ユニベスチンTMをTHP−1培養に3〜10μg/mL加えることで、新規LPS誘発LTB4の生成をほぼ完全に阻害したことを示す。
ユニベスチンTMがゲノムレベルで機能するかどうかを評価するために、単離したヒト末梢血単球(PBMCs)をリポ多糖(LPS)を用いて刺激し、実施例14に示すようなユニベスチンTM、セレコキシブ、イブプロフェンまたはアセトアミノフェンを用いて処理し、生成した総RNAを次に集め、半定量RT−qPCRによって評価した。特に、130,000細胞/穴を6穴プレート中に加えることでアッセイを構成した。次に、細胞を10ng/mLLPSを用いて刺激し、1、3、10、30及び100μg/mLのユニベスチンTM並びに3μg/mLのセレコキシブ、イブプロフェン及びアセトアミノフェンと共に18時間、37℃で、5%CO2と共に、加湿した環境中で同時インキュベートした。次に各細胞処理状態を遠心分離によって集め、生成した総RNAをトリゾル(登録商標)(TRIzol(登録商標))試薬(インビトロジェンTM・ライフ・テクノロジーズ(InvitrogentMLife Technologies)、カタログ#15596−026)及び推奨されるトリゾル(登録商標)試薬プロトコルを使用して単離した。総RNAを、モロニーマウス白血病ウイルス逆転写酵素(M−MLV RT;プロメガCorp.(Promega Corp.)、カタログ#M1701)を使用し、ランダムヘキサマー(プロメガCorp.、カタログ#C1181)を使用して逆転写した。qPCR実験を、18S rRNA内部標準及び遺伝子特異的アッセイに関して既に開発済みで実証済みのアッセイ・オン・デマンド製品(Assays-on-Demand products)(アプライド・バイオシステムズ、Inc.(Applied Biosystems, Inc.)製のAOD、カタログ#4331182)を使用して、ABIプリズム(登録商標)7700シーケンス・デテクション・システム(ABI Prism(登録商標) 7700 Sequence Detection System)上で実行した。遺伝子特異的発現値をそのそれぞれの18S rRNA遺伝子発現値(内部対照)に標準化し、次に非−LPS非−薬物処理条件を100に基準化した。処理条件をこのゼロ状態と比較した。
ユニベスチンTMを使用してインビボで炎症を治療できる可能性があるかどうか試験するために、実施例14に説明するように製造した組成物を、経口栄養補給によって、AAを用いて耳を処置する1日前に、4〜5週齢ICRマウス(ハーラン・ラブス(Harlan Labs))に投与した。試験マウスに、オリーブ油中に懸濁した50、100及び200mg/kgのユニベスチンTMの用量同等物を供給し、一方対照マウスにオリーブ油のみを供給した。翌日、各マウスの一方の耳に95%アルコール中の20μLの330mMAAを適用し、一方、他の耳にアルコールを対照として適用した。図18に証明するように、ユニベスチンTMを用いて治療したマウスは、次第に増大する用量のユニベスチンTMを用いてたどる測定可能な用量反応を示した。図18に関して、200mg/kg用量は、ユニベスチンTMの無い対照と比較して腫脹を50%を超えて低減した。50mg/kg用量のユニベスチンTMは、50mg/kg用量の別の強力な抗炎症剤であるインドメタシンと同程度に有効だった。
ユニベスチンTMは関節の疼痛を標的にするように設計されているので、95%エタノール中の20μLの100mMAAの溶液を4〜5週齢ICRマウス(ハーラン・ラブス)の後ろ足首関節に注射して腫脹を発生させた。試験群に、オリーブ油中に懸濁した100mg/kgのユニベスチンTMを〜12時間前に供給し、一方、別の群はユニベスチンTMを与えられなかった。対照群は、アラキドン酸注射を受けなかったマウス(負の対照)及びAA注入無しで95%エタノールを有した群(ビヒクル対照)を含んだ。こうした群はまたユニベスチンTMを与えられなかった。結果を図19に説明する。図19に関して、AAを注射されユニベスチンTMを与えられたマウスは、対照及び未処理のアラキドン酸注入群と比較して、バックグラウンドレベルの腫脹を示した。こうした結果は、関節中の腫脹(作用点)を低減するためのユニベスチンTMの有効性を証明する。
この臨床研究は、単一中心無作為化二重盲検プラセボ対照研究だった。膝及び/または腰部の慢性関節リウマチまたは変形性関節症を有する60人の被験者(n=60)を無作為に以下の4つの群のうちの1つの中に入れた。
及びマクマスター大学(WOMAC)変形性関節症指数(Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteo-Arthritis index)(Lingard et al. (2001) J. Bone & Joint Surg. 83:1856-1864; Soderman and Malchau (2000) Acta Orthop. Scand. 71(1):39-46を参照されたい)を使用して医師が評価した。このプロトコルは、モントリオール大学IRB委員会(IRB board from University of Montreal)が検討し、承認した。
データに現れる大きな差が原因で、臨床試験において標準偏差を群平均に帰するのは非常に困難である。むしろ平均の信頼限界が好ましく、というのは、これは平均の下限及び上限を与え、区間が狭い程、平均の正確な推定ができるからである。信頼限界は、信頼係数に関して表される。95%信頼区間は、このタイプの統計分析において平均を説明するために最も一般に使用される区間である。これは、区間が真の平均を含む95%の確率が存在することを意味しない。その代わりに、信頼性の水準のレベルは区間を計算する方法に関連する。信頼係数は単に、真の平均を含むと期待されるかもしれない与えられたサイズの試料の割合である。すなわち、95%信頼区間の場合、多くの試料を集めて信頼区間を計算すれば、結局は、こうした区間の約95%は真の平均を含むと思われる。これを考慮して、30、60及び90日で、疼痛、こわばり及び機能に関するWOMACスコアに関して95%信頼区間を計算した。
Claims (13)
- バイカリンとカテキンとの混合物を含む組成物であって、当該バイカリンは、スキューテラリア属の植物中の単数又は複数の植物から単離又は抽出されており、当該カテキンは、アカシア属の植物中の単数又は複数の植物から単離又は抽出されている、組成物。
- 前記組成物中のバイカリン:カテキンの比は85:15である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記バイカリン及び前記カテキンは、茎、茎樹皮、樹幹、樹幹樹皮、小枝、塊茎、根、根樹皮、新鞘、種子、根茎、花及び他の生殖器官、葉並びに他の気生部分からなる群から選択される植物部分から単離又は抽出される、請求項1又は2に記載の組成物。
- 前記カテキンは、アカシア・カテキュー、アカシア・コンシナ、アカシア・ファルネシアナ、アカシア・セネガル、アカシア・スペシオサ、アカシア・アラビカ、A.カエシア、A.ペンナタ、A.シヌアタ、A.メアムシイ(meamsii)、A.ピクナンタ、A.デアルバタ、A.アウリクリフォルミス、A.ホロセレシア及びA.マンギウムからなる群から選択される植物種から単離又は抽出される、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- (i)関節の疼痛又はこわばりを軽減し、可動性又は身体的機能を改良することにおける使用のための、
(ii)変形性関節症又は慢性関節リウマチを予防又は治療することにおける使用のための、
(iii)対象の可動性、可撓性又は身体的機能を改良することから生じる増大した身体的活動性により血中グルコース濃度を低減させることにおける使用のための、又は
(iv)ボディマス指数を減少させ、体重減少を引き起こすことにおける使用のための、
請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。 - 生理痛、動脈硬化症、心臓発作、肥満症、糖尿病、症候群X、アルツハイマー病、呼吸器アレルギー反応、慢性静脈不全、痔核、全身性エリテマトーデス、乾癬、慢性緊張性頭痛、片頭痛、炎症性腸疾患;ウイルス、細菌、真菌によって引き起こされる局所感染、日やけ、熱傷、接触性皮膚炎、メラノーマ及び癌からなる群から選択される、COX−2及び5−LO経路によって仲介される疾患及び状態を予防又は治療することにおける使用のための、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- バイカリンを含有する植物の抽出物とカテキンを含有する植物の抽出物とを混合して混合物を形成し、それに1以上のアジュバント、賦形剤、またはキャリアを加えて、組成物が形成される、請求項5又は6に記載の組成物。
- 当該アジュバント、賦形剤、またはキャリアが、カルシウムに基づく塩;シリカ;ホウ素、ヒスチジン、グルコサミンサルフェート、コンドロイチン硫酸、グルコン酸銅、セルロース;ビタミンD、ビタミンK;鮫及びウシ軟骨からなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 0.01〜200mg/kgの体重から選択される用量で投与される、請求項5〜8のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 投与経路が、経口、局所、坐剤、静脈内、及び皮内、胃内、筋肉内、腹腔内及び静脈内投与からなる群から選択される、請求項5〜9のいずれか1項に記載の組成物。
- 関節の疼痛又はこわばりを軽減し、可動性又は身体的機能を改良することにおける使用のための、バイカリンとカテキンとの混合物を含む組成物であって、当該バイカリンは、スキューテラリア属の植物中の単数又は複数の植物から単離又は抽出されており、当該カテキンは、アカシア属の植物中の単数又は複数の植物から単離又は抽出されている、組成物。
- (i)変形性関節症又は慢性関節リウマチを予防又は治療することにおける使用のための、
(ii)対象の可動性、可撓性又は身体的機能を改良することから生じる増大した身体的活動性により血中グルコース濃度を低減させることにおける使用のための、又は
(iii)ボディマス指数を減少させ、体重減少を引き起こすことにおける使用のための、
バイカリンとカテキンとの混合物を含む組成物であって、当該バイカリンは、スキューテラリア属の植物中の単数又は複数の植物から単離又は抽出されており、当該カテキンは、アカシア属の植物中の単数又は複数の植物から単離又は抽出されている、組成物。 - 生理痛、動脈硬化症、心臓発作、肥満症、糖尿病、症候群X、アルツハイマー病、呼吸器アレルギー反応、慢性静脈不全、痔核、全身性エリテマトーデス、乾癬、慢性緊張性頭痛、片頭痛、炎症性腸疾患;ウイルス、細菌、真菌によって引き起こされる局所感染、日やけ、熱傷、接触性皮膚炎、メラノーマ及び癌からなる群から選択される、COX−2及び5−LO経路によって仲介される疾患及び状態を予防又は治療することにおける使用のための、バイカリンとカテキンとの混合物を含む組成物であって、当該バイカリンは、スキューテラリア属の植物中の単数又は複数の植物から単離又は抽出されており、当該カテキンは、アカシア属の植物中の単数又は複数の植物から単離又は抽出されている、組成物。
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