CN108885608B - 家庭环境中的智能自动化助理 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明题为“家庭环境中的智能自动化助理”。本发明提供用于操作智能自动化助理的系统和过程。在一个示例性过程中，可以接收表示用户请求的话语输入。所述过程可以确定对应于所述话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征。可以检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构。所述过程可以基于所述数据结构从所述一组设备中确定一个或多个候选设备。所述一个或多个候选设备可以对应于所述话语输入。所述过程可以基于所述一个或多个可能设备特征和所述一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征来确定对应于所述话语输入的用户意图。可以提供致使所述一个或多个候选设备中的设备执行对应于所述用户意图的动作的指令。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求提交于2016年6月9日的名称为“INTELLIGENT AUTOMATED ASSISTANTIN A HOME ENVIRONMENT”的美国临时序列号61/348,015的优先权，该申请据此全文以引用方式并入以用于所有目的。
本申请还涉及2014年9月30日提交的“INTELLIGENT ASSISTANT FOR HOMEAUTOMATION”的美国非临时专利申请序列号14/503,105(代理人案卷号106842108200(P23013US1))，该申请据此全文以引用方式并入以用于所有目的。
技术领域
本发明整体涉及智能自动化助理，更具体地讲，涉及家庭环境中的智能自动化助理。
背景技术
智能自动化助理(或数字助理)可在人类用户与电子设备之间提供有利界面。此类助理可允许用户使用自然语言以语音形式和/或文本形式与设备或系统进行交互。例如，用户可向正在电子设备上运行的数字助理提供包含用户请求的语音输入。数字助理可从该语音输入解译用户意图并且将用户意图操作化成任务。随后可通过执行电子设备的一项或多项服务来执行这些任务，并且可将响应于用户请求的相关输出返回给用户。
可使用在计算设备诸如移动电话、平板电脑、膝上型计算机、台式计算机等上运行的软件应用程序来远程控制具有已建立位置(例如，家庭、办公室、企业、公共机构)的设备(例如，电子设备)。例如，许多制造商生产可由移动电话上运行的软件应用程序控制以调节灯泡的亮度和/或颜色的灯泡。具有类似控制的其他设备诸如门锁、恒温器等同样可用。
尽管这些设备可向用户提供较高水平的控制和便利，但随着家庭中的受远程控制的设备的数量和受远程控制的设备的类型数量增大，管理这些设备可能变得非常困难。例如，典型的家庭可包括放置在家中各个房间的40至50个灯泡。使用常规软件应用程序，向每个灯泡给予唯一标识符，并且试图控制这些设备中的一者的用户必须从图形用户界面内的可用设备列表选择适当的标识符。记住特定灯泡的正确标识符并且从40至50个标识符的列表中找出该标识符可能是一个困难且耗时的过程。例如，用户可能会将一个设备的标识符与另一个设备的标识符弄混并因此不能够控制所需设备。不同制造商通常提供控制其相应设备时必须使用的不同软件应用程序，这也增加了管理和控制大量远程受控设备的难度。因此，用户必须定位并打开一个软件应用程序以开启/关闭相应的灯泡，然后必须定位并打开另一个软件应用程序以设置其恒温器的温度。
发明内容
本发明提供用于操作智能自动化助理的系统和过程。在一个示例性过程中，接收表示用户请求的话语输入。该过程确定对应于该话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征。检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构。该过程基于数据结构来从该组设备确定一个或多个候选设备。所述一个或多个候选设备对应于该话语输入。该过程基于一个或多个可能设备特征和一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征来确定对应于该话语输入的用户意图。提供致使一个或多个候选设备中的设备执行对应于用户意图的动作的指令。
在另一个示例性过程中，接收表示用户请求的话语输入。该过程确定该话语输入是否涉及具有已建立位置的设备。响应于确定该话语输入涉及具有已建立位置的设备，检索表示所述具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构。该过程使用该数据结构确定对应于该话语输入的用户意图，该用户意图与将由该组设备中的设备执行的动作和在执行该动作之前要满足的标准相关联。该动作和该设备与该标准相关联地存储，其中根据确定该标准得到满足，由设备执行该动作。
附图说明
图1是示出根据各种示例的用于实现数字助理的系统和环境的框图。
图2A是示出根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备的框图。
图2B是示出根据各种示例的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。
图3示出了根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携式多功能设备。
图4是根据各种示例的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。
图5A示出了根据各种示例的便携式多功能设备上的应用程序菜单的示例性用户界面。
图5B示出了根据各种示例的具有与显示器分开的触敏表面的多功能设备的示例性用户界面。
图6A示出了根据各种示例的个人电子设备。
图6B是示出根据各种示例的个人电子设备的框图。
图7A是示出根据各种示例的数字助理系统或其服务器部分的框图。
图7B示出了根据各种示例的图7A所示的数字助理的功能。
图7C示出了根据各种示例的知识本体的一部分。
图8示出了根据各种示例的用于操作数字助理的过程。
图9是示出根据各种示例的表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构的分级图。
图10A示出了根据各种示例的对应于示例性话语输入的可能设备特征。
图10B示出了根据各种示例的与数据结构中所表示的设备相关联的实际设备特征。
图11示出了根据各种示例的用于操作数字助理的过程。
图12示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的功能框图。
图13示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的功能框图。
具体实施方式
在以下对示例的描述中将引用附图，在附图中以例示的方式示出了可被实施的特定示例。应当理解，在不脱离各个示例的范围的情况下，可使用其他示例并且可作出结构性变更。
如上所述，利用数字助理来控制具有已建立位置的设备诸如用户家中的设备，对于用户而言可能既方便又有利。优选地，用户采用自然语言来向数字助理传达预期动作和用于执行该动作的预期设备，而不必参考预定义的命令或预定义的设备标识符。例如，如果用户提供自然语言命令“开门”，则可能需要数字助理准确理解用户是指哪个门以及预期动作是开门还是打开门锁。因此，用户将不需要记住无数预定义的命令和设备标识符来向数字助理传达用户意图。这改善了用户体验并且允许与数字助理进行更自然且更加人性化的交互。
虽然自然语言交互是改善用户体验所需要的，但自然语言经常包括数字助理难以消除歧义的模糊词语。例如，对于自然语言命令“开门”，用户的家可能具有能够打开或解锁的若干扇门。因此，数字助理需要依赖其他信息来补充自然语言命令以便准确地确定预期动作和用于执行该动作的预期设备。根据本文所述的一些示例性系统和过程，利用定义具有已建立位置的设备的数据结构来帮助从用户的自然语言命令确定用户意图。在一个示例性过程中，接收表示用户请求的话语输入。该过程确定对应于该话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征。检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构。该过程基于数据结构来从该组设备确定一个或多个候选设备。所述一个或多个候选设备对应于该话语输入。该过程基于一个或多个可能设备特征和一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征来确定对应于该话语输入的用户意图。提供致使该一个或多个候选设备中的设备执行对应于用户意图的动作的指令。
数字助理还可处理用于响应于指定条件来执行未来动作的用户命令。该动作或条件相对于已建立位置中的一个或多个设备。例如，用户提供自然语言命令“在达到80度时闭合百叶窗”。在该示例中，数字助理确定用户希望响应于检测到等于或大于80度的温度的条件而执行闭合百叶窗的动作。具体地讲，数字助理将需要确定用户希望闭合哪个“百叶窗”以及用户希望相对于“80度”的标准监视哪个温度计。上文提到的数据结构还用于帮助做出此类确定。例如，在一个示例性过程中，接收表示用户请求的话语输入。该过程确定该话语输入是否涉及具有已建立位置的设备。响应于确定该话语输入涉及具有已建立位置的设备，检索表示所述具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构。该过程使用该数据结构确定对应于话语输入的用户意图，该用户意图与将由该组设备中的设备执行的动作和在执行该动作之前要满足的标准相关联。该动作和该设备与该标准相关联地存储，其中根据确定该标准得到满足，由设备执行该动作。
尽管以下描述使用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种元件，但这些元件不应受术语的限制。这些术语只是用于将一个元件与另一元件区分开。例如，在不脱离各种所述示例的范围的情况下，第一设备可被称为第二设备，并且类似地，第二设备可被称为第一设备。在一些示例中，第一设备和第二设备两者均为设备，而在某些情况下，它们是独立的不同设备。
在本文中对各种所述示例的描述中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定示例的目的，而并非旨在进行限制。如在对各种所述示例的描述和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数形式“一个(“a”，“an”)”和“该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确地指示。还将理解的是，本文中所使用的术语“和/或”是指并且涵盖相关联的所列出的项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和全部可能的组合。还将理解的是，术语“包括”(“includes”、“including”、“comprises”和/或“comprising”)在本说明书中使用时是指定存在所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其分组。
根据上下文，术语“如果”可被解释为意指“当...时”(“when”或“upon”)或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，根据上下文，短语“如果确定...”或“如果检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”可被解释为意指“在确定...时”或“响应于确定...”或“在检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]时”或“响应于检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”。
1、系统和环境
图1示出了根据各种示例的系统100的框图。在一些示例中，系统100实现数字助理。术语“数字助理”、“虚拟助理”、“智能自动化助理”或“自动数字助理”是指解译口头形式和/或文本形式的自然语言输入来推断用户意图，并且基于推断出的用户意图来执行动作的任何信息处理系统。例如，为了根据推断出的用户意图采取行动，系统执行以下内容中的一者或多者：通过设计用以实现所推断出的用户意图的步骤和参数来识别任务流；将来自推断出的用户意图的具体要求输入到任务流中；通过调用程序、方法、服务、API等来执行任务流；以及生成对用户的听觉(例如，语音)和/或视觉形式的输出响应。
具体地讲，数字助理能够接受至少部分地为自然语言命令、请求、声明、讲述和/或询问的形式的用户请求。通常，用户请求要么寻求数字助理作出信息性回答，要么寻求数字助理执行任务。对用户请求的令人满意的响应包括提供所请求的信息性回答、执行所请求的任务或这两者的组合。例如，用户向数字助理提出问题，诸如“我现在在哪里？”。基于用户的当前位置，数字助理回答“你在中央公园西门附近。”用户还请求执行任务，例如“请邀请我的朋友们下周来参加我女朋友的生日聚会。”作为响应，数字助理可通过讲出“好的，马上”来确认请求，然后代表用户将合适的日历邀请发送到用户电子通讯录中列出的用户朋友中的每位朋友。在执行所请求的任务期间，数字助理有时在很长时间段内在涉及多次信息交换的持续对话中与用户进行交互。存在与数字助理进行交互以请求信息或执行各种任务的许多其他方法。除提供言语响应并采取经编程的动作之外，数字助理还提供其他视频或音频形式的响应，例如作为文本、警报、音乐、视频、动画等。
如图1所示，在一些示例中，数字助理根据客户端-服务器模型来实现。数字助理包括在用户设备104上执行的客户端侧部分102(后文称作“DA客户端102”)以及在服务器系统108上执行的服务器侧部分106(后文称作“DA服务器106”)。DA客户端102通过一个或多个网络110与DA服务器106通信。DA客户端102提供客户端侧功能，诸如面向用户的输入和输出处理，以及与DA服务器106通信。DA服务器106为各自位于相应用户设备104上的任意数量的DA客户端102提供服务器侧功能。
在一些示例中，DA服务器106包括面向客户端的I/O接口112、一个或多个处理模块114、数据与模型116，以及到外部服务的I/O接口118。面向客户端的I/O接口112有利于DA服务器106的面向客户端的输入和输出处理。一个或多个处理模块114利用数据与模型116来处理语音输入，并基于自然语言输入来确定用户意图。在一些示例中，数据与模型存储器116存储与被配置为由用户设备104和/或服务器系统108控制的设备(例如，设备130,132,134和136)中的一者或多者相关联的数据结构(例如，数据结构900)和任何其他相关信息。此外，一个或多个处理模块114基于推断出的用户意图来执行任务执行。在一些示例中，DA服务器106通过一个或多个网络110与外部服务120通信以完成任务或采集信息。到外部服务的I/O接口118促成此类通信。
用户设备104可以是任何合适的电子设备。在一些示例中，用户设备是便携式多功能设备(例如下面参考图2A描述的设备200)、多功能设备(例如下面参考图4描述的设备400)或个人电子设备(例如下面参考图6A至图6B描述的设备600)。便携式多功能设备是例如还包含其他功能诸如PDA和/或音乐播放器功能的移动电话。便携式多功能设备的特定示例包括来自Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California)的iPod />和/>设备。便携式多功能设备的其他示例包括但不限于膝上型电脑或平板电脑。此外，在一些示例中，用户设备104是非便携式多功能设备。具体地讲，用户设备104是台式计算机、游戏机、电视或电视机顶盒。在一些示例中，用户设备104包括触敏表面(例如，触摸屏显示器和/或触控板)。此外，用户设备104任选地包括一个或多个其他物理用户接口设备，诸如物理键盘、鼠标和/或操纵杆。下文更详细地描述了电子设备诸如多功能设备的各种示例。
一个或多个通信网络110的示例包括局域网(LAN)和广域网(WAN)，例如互联网。一个或多个通信网络110使用任何已知的网络协议来实现，包括各种有线或无线协议，诸如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线(FIREWIRE)、全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX或任何其他合适的通信协议。
服务器系统108在一个或多个独立式数据处理设备或分布式计算机网络上实现。在一些示例中，服务器系统108还采用第三方服务提供方(例如，第三方云服务提供方)的各种虚拟设备和/或服务来提供服务器系统108的潜在计算资源和/或基础结构资源。
在一些示例中，用户设备104经由第二用户设备122与DA服务器106通信。第二用户设备122与用户设备104相似或相同。例如，第二用户设备122类似于下文参考图2A、图4和图6A至图6B描述的设备200、设备400或设备600。用户设备104被配置为经由直接通信连接诸如蓝牙、NFC、BTLE等或者经由有线或无线网络诸如局域Wi-Fi网络而通信耦接到第二用户设备122。在一些示例中，第二用户设备122被配置为充当用户设备104与DA服务器106之间的代理。例如，用户设备104的DA客户端102被配置为经由第二用户设备122向DA服务器106传输信息(例如，在用户设备104处接收的用户请求)。DA服务器106处理该信息，并经由第二用户设备122将相关数据(例如，响应于用户请求的数据内容)返回到用户设备104。
在一些示例中，用户设备104可被配置为将针对数据的缩略请求发送到第二用户设备122，以减少从用户设备104传输的信息量。第二用户设备122被配置为确定添加到缩略请求的补充信息，以生成完整的请求来传输到DA服务器106。该系统架构可有利地通过使用具有较强通信能力和/或电池电力的第二用户设备122(例如，移动电话、膝上型计算机、平板电脑等)作为到DA服务器106的代理，允许具有有限通信能力和/或有限电池电力的用户设备104(例如，手表或类似的紧凑型电子设备)访问DA服务器106提供的服务。虽然图1中仅示出两个用户设备104和122，但应当理解，在一些示例中，系统100可包括在此代理配置中被配置为与DA服务器系统106通信的任意数量和类型的用户设备。
用户设备104和/或服务器系统108经由网络110还耦接到设备130,132,134和136。设备130,132,134和136可包括任何类型的受远程控制的设备，诸如灯泡(例如，具有二进制开/关操作状态、数值可调操作状态、颜色操作状态等)、车库门(例如，具有二进制开/关操作状态)、门锁(例如，具有二进制锁定/解锁操作状态)、恒温器(例如，具有一个或多个数值温度设定点操作状态，诸如高温、低温、基于时间的温度等)、电源插座(例如，具有二进制开/关操作状态)、开关(例如，具有二进制开/关操作状态)、音乐播放器、电视机等。设备130-136被配置为从服务器系统108和/或用户设备104接收指令。如下文参考图8至图11更详细的论述，用户设备104可响应于用户向用户设备104所提供的自然语言对话输入来发出命令(或致使DA服务器106发出命令)以控制设备130-136中的任一者。
虽然在图1中仅示出了四个设备130,132,134和136，但应当理解，系统100可包括任意数量的设备。另外，虽然图1中所示的数字助理包括客户端侧部分(例如，DA客户端102)和服务器侧部分(例如，DA服务器106)两者，但在一些示例中，数字助理的功能被实现为安装在用户设备上的独立式应用程序。此外，数字助理的客户端部分与服务器部分之间的功能划分在不同的具体实施中可变化。例如，在一些示例中，DA客户端为仅提供面向用户的输入和输出处理功能，并将数字助理的所有其他功能委派给后端服务器的瘦客户端。
2、电子设备
现在将注意力转至用于实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的电子设备的实施方案。图2A是示出根据一些实施方案的具有触敏显示器系统212的便携式多功能设备200的框图。触敏显示器212有时为了方便被叫做“触摸屏”，并且有时可被称为或被叫做“触敏显示器系统”。设备200包括存储器202(其任选地包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质)、存储器控制器222、一个或多个处理单元(CPU)220、外围设备接口218、RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、输入/输出(I/O)子系统206、其他输入控制设备216和外部端口224。设备200任选地包括一个或多个光学传感器264。设备200任选地包括用于检测设备200(例如，触敏表面，诸如设备200的触敏显示器系统212)上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265。设备200任选地包括用于在设备200上生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267(例如，在触敏表面诸如设备200的触敏显示器系统212或设备400的触摸板455上生成触觉输出)。这些部件任选地通过一个或多个通信总线或信号线203进行通信。
如在本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语触敏表面上的接触的“强度”是指触敏表面上的接触(例如，手指接触)的力或压力(每单位面积的力)，或是指触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物(代用物)。接触的强度具有值范围，该值范围包括至少四个不同的值并且更典型地包括上百个不同的值(例如，至少256个)。接触的强度任选地使用各种方法和各种传感器或传感器的组合来确定(或测量)。例如，在触敏表面下方或相邻于触敏表面的一个或多个力传感器任选地用于测量触敏表面上的不同点处的力。在一些具体实施中，来自多个力传感器的力测量值被组合(例如，加权平均)以确定所估计的接触力。类似地，触笔的压敏顶端任选地用于确定触笔在触敏表面上的压力。另选地，在触敏表面上检测到的接触区域的大小和/或其变化、接触附近的触敏表面的电容和/或其变化以及/或者接触附近的触敏表面的电阻和/或其变化任选地被用作触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代物测量直接用于确定是否已经超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值以对应于替代物测量的单位来描述)。在一些具体实施中，接触力或压力的替代物测量被转换成估计的力或压力，并且估计的力或压力用于确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值是以压力的单位进行测量的压力阈值)。使用接触的强度作为用户输入的属性，从而允许用户访问用户在实地面积有限的尺寸更小的设备上本来不可访问的附加设备功能，该尺寸更小的设备用于(例如，在触敏显示器上)显示示能表示和/或接收用户输入(例如，经由触敏显示器、触敏表面或物理控件/机械控件，诸如旋钮或按钮)。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语“触觉输出”是指将由用户利用用户的触感检测到的设备相对于设备的先前位置的物理位移、设备的部件(例如，触敏表面)相对于设备的另一个部件(例如，外壳)的物理位移、或部件相对于设备的质心的位移。例如，在设备或设备的部件与用户对触摸敏感的表面(例如，手指、手掌或用户手部的其他部分)接触的情况下，通过物理位移生成的触觉输出将由用户解释为触感，该触感对应于设备或设备的部件的物理特征的所感知的变化。例如，触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器或触控板)的移动任选地由用户解释为对物理致动按钮的“按下点击”或“松开点击”。在一些情况下，用户将感觉到触感，诸如“按下点击”或“松开点击”，即使在通过用户的移动而物理地被按压(例如，被移位)的与触敏表面相关联的物理致动按钮没有移动时。又如，即使在触敏表面的光滑度无变化时，触敏表面的移动也会任选地由用户解释或感测为触敏表面的“粗糙度”。虽然用户对触摸的此类解释将受到用户的个体化感官知觉的限制，但是对触摸的许多感官知觉是大多数用户共有的。因此，当触觉输出被描述为对应于用户的特定感官知觉(例如，“按下点击”、“松开点击”、“粗糙度”)时，除非另外陈述，否则所生成的触觉输出对应于设备或其部件的物理位移，该物理位移将会生成典型(或普通)用户的所述感官知觉。
应当理解，设备200仅仅是便携式多功能设备的一个示例，并且设备200任选地具有比所示出的部件更多或更少的部件，任选地组合两个或更多个部件，或者任选地具有这些部件的不同配置或布置。图2A中所示的各种部件以硬件、软件、或硬件与软件两者的组合来实现，包括一个或多个信号处理电路和/或专用集成电路。
存储器202包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质。这些计算机可读存储介质例如为有形的和非暂态的。存储器202包括高速随机存取存储器，并且还包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储器设备。存储器控制器222控制设备200的其他部件访问存储器202。
在一些示例中，存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质用于存储指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程的各方面)以供指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、装置或设备取出指令并执行指令的其他系统使用或与其结合使用。在其他示例中，指令(例如，用于执行下文描述的过程的各方面)存储在服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质(未示出)上，或在存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质与服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质之间划分。
外围设备接口218用于将设备的输入和输出外围设备耦接到CPU 220和存储器202。所述一个或多个处理器220运行或执行存储器202中所存储的各种软件程序和/或指令集以执行设备200的各种功能并处理数据。在一些实施方案中，外围设备接口218、CPU 220和存储器控制器222在单个芯片诸如芯片204上实现。在一些其他实施方案中，它们在独立的芯片上实现。
RF(射频)电路208接收和发送也被称作电磁信号的RF信号。RF电路208将电信号转换为电磁信号或将电磁信号转换为电信号，并且经由电磁信号与通信网络和其他通信设备进行通信。RF电路208任选地包括用于执行这些功能的熟知的电路，包括但不限于天线系统、RF收发器、一个或多个放大器、调谐器、一个或多个振荡器、数字信号处理器、编解码芯片组、用户身份模块(SIM)卡、存储器等等。RF电路208任选地通过无线通信来与网络和其他设备进行通信，这些网络为诸如互联网(也被称为万维网(WWW))、内联网和/或无线网络(诸如，蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN))。RF电路208任选地包括用于检测近场通信(NFC)场的熟知的电路，诸如通过近程通信无线电部件来进行检测。无线通信任选地使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种，包括但不限于全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、高速下行链路分组接入(HSDPA)、高速上行链路分组接入(HSUPA)、演进、纯数据(EV-DO)、HSPA、HSPA+、双小区HSPA(DC-HSPDA)、长期演进(LTE)、近场通信(NFC)、宽带码分多址(W-CDMA)、码分多址(CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、蓝牙低功耗(BTLE)、无线保真(Wi-Fi)(例如，IEEE 802.11a、IEEE 802.11b、IEEE 802.11g、IEEE802.11n和/或IEEE 802.11ac)、互联网协议语音(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、电子邮件协议(例如，互联网消息访问协议(IMAP)和/或邮局协议(POP))、即时消息(例如，可扩展消息处理和存在协议(XMPP)、用于即时消息和存在利用扩展的会话发起协议(SIMPLE)、即时消息和存在服务(IMPS))和/或短消息服务(SMS)，或者任何其他适当的通信协议，包括在本文档提交日期时尚未开发出的通信协议。
音频电路210、扬声器211和麦克风213提供用户与设备200之间的音频接口。音频电路210从外围设备接口218接收音频数据，将音频数据转换为电信号，并将电信号传输到扬声器211。扬声器211将电信号转换为人类可听到的声波。音频电路210还接收由麦克风213从声波转换的电信号。音频电路210将电信号转换为音频数据，并且将音频数据传输到外围设备接口218以用于处理。音频数据通过外围设备接口218检索自和/或传输至存储器202和/或RF电路208。在一些实施方案中，音频电路210还包括耳麦插孔(例如，图3中的312)。耳麦插孔提供音频电路210和可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备之间的接口，该可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备诸如仅输出的耳机或者具有输出(例如，单耳耳机或双耳耳机)和输入(例如，麦克风)两者的耳麦。
I/O子系统206将设备200上的输入/输出外围设备诸如触摸屏212和其他输入控制设备216耦接到外围设备接口218。I/O子系统206任选地包括显示控制器256、光学传感器控制器258、强度传感器控制器259、触觉反馈控制器261，以及用于其他输入或控制设备的一个或多个输入控制器260。该一个或多个输入控制器260从其他输入控制设备216接收电信号或将电信号发送到其他输入控制设备216。其他输入控制设备216任选地包括物理按钮(例如，下压按钮、摇臂按钮等)、拨号盘、滑动开关、操纵杆、点击式转盘等等。在一些另选实施方案中，输入控制器260任选地耦接至以下各项中的任一者(或不耦接至以下各项中的任一者)：键盘、红外线端口、USB端口以及指针设备诸如鼠标。一个或多个按钮(例如，图3中的308)任选地包括用于扬声器211和/或麦克风213的音量控制的增大/减小按钮。一个或多个按钮任选地包括下压按钮(例如，图3中的306)。
快速按下下压按钮可解除触摸屏212的锁定或者开始使用触摸屏上的手势来对设备进行解锁的过程，如在2005年12月23日提交的标题为“Unlocking a Device byPerforming Gestures on an Unlock Image”的美国专利申请11/322，549，美国专利7,657,849中所述，上述美国专利申请据此全文以引用的方式并入本文。较长地按下下压按钮(例如，306)使设备200开机或关机。用户能够自定义一个或多个按钮的功能。触摸屏212用于实现虚拟按钮或软按钮以及一个或多个软键盘。
触敏显示器212提供设备和用户之间的输入接口和输出接口。显示控制器256从触摸屏212接收电信号和/或将电信号发送至触摸屏212。触摸屏212向用户显示视觉输出。视觉输出包括图形、文本、图标、视频及其任何组合(统称为“图形”)。在一些实施方案中，一些视觉输出或全部视觉输出对应于用户界面对象。
触摸屏212具有基于触觉和/或触感接触来接受来自用户的输入的触敏表面、传感器或传感器组。触摸屏212和显示控制器256(与存储器202中的任何相关联的模块和/或指令集一起)检测触摸屏212上的接触(和该接触的任何移动或中断)，并且将所检测到的接触转换为与被显示在触摸屏212上的用户界面对象(例如，一个或多个软键、图标、网页或图像)的交互。在一个示例性实施方案中，触摸屏212与用户之间的接触点对应于用户的手指。
触摸屏212使用LCD(液晶显示器)技术、LPD(发光聚合物显示器)技术或LED(发光二极管)技术，但在其他实施方案中可使用其他显示技术。触摸屏212和显示控制器256使用目前已知或以后将开发的多种触摸感测技术中的任何技术，以及其他接近传感器阵列或用于确定与触摸屏212接触的一个或多个点的其他元件来检测接触及其任何移动或中断，所述多种触摸感测技术包括但不限于电容式、电阻式、红外和表面声波技术。在一个示例性实施方案中，使用投射式互电容感测技术，诸如在来自Apple Inc.(Cupertino，California)的和iPod/>中使用的技术。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器类似于以下美国专利中所述的多点触敏触控板，所述美国专利为：6,323,846(Westerman等人)、6,570,557(Westerman等人)和/或6,677,932(Westerman)；和/或美国专利公开2002/0015024A1，这些专利文献中的每个专利文献据此全文以引用方式并入本文。然而，触摸屏212显示来自设备200的视觉输出，而触敏触摸板不提供视觉输出。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器如在以下专利申请中所描述：(1)于2006年5月2日提交的标题为“Multipoint Touch Surface Controller”的美国专利申请11/381,313；(2)于2004年5月6日提交的标题为“Multipoint Touchscreen”的美国专利申请10/840,862；(3)于2004年7月30日提交的标题为“Gestures For Touch SensitiveInput Devices”的美国专利申请10/903,964；(4)于2005年1月31日提交的标题为“Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请11/048,264；(5)于2005年1月18日提交的标题为“Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces For TouchSensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请11/038,590；(6)于2005年9月16日提交的标题为“Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface”的美国专利申请11/228,758；(7)于2005年9月16日提交的标题为“Operation Of A Computer With ATouch Screen Interface”的美国专利申请11/228,700；(8)于2005年9月16日提交的标题为“Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard”的美国专利申请11/228,737；和(9)于2006年3月3日提交的标题为“Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device”的美国专利申请11/367,749。所有这些申请全文以引用方式并入本文。
触摸屏212例如具有超过100dpi的视频分辨率。在一些实施方案中，触摸屏具有约160dpi的视频分辨率。用户使用任何合适的对象或附加物诸如触笔、手指等与触摸屏212进行接触。在一些实施方案中，将用户界面设计为主要通过基于手指的接触和手势来工作，由于手指在触摸屏上的接触区域较大，因此这可能不如基于触笔的输入精确。在一些实施方案中，设备将基于手指的粗略输入转化为精确的指针/光标位置或命令以用于执行用户所期望的动作。
在一些实施方案中，除了触摸屏之外，设备200还包括用于激活或去激活特定功能的触控板(未示出)。在一些实施方案中，触控板是设备的触敏区域，与触摸屏不同，该触敏区域不显示视觉输出。触控板是与触摸屏212分开的触敏表面，或者是由触摸屏形成的触敏表面的延伸。
设备200还包括用于为各种部件供电的电力系统262。电力系统262包括电力管理系统、一个或多个电源(例如，电池、交流电(AC))、再充电系统、电力故障检测电路、功率转换器或逆变器、电力状态指示器(例如，发光二极管(LED))和与便携式设备中电力的生成、管理和分配相关联的任何其他部件。
设备200还包括一个或多个光学传感器264。图2A示出了耦接到I/O子系统206中的光学传感器控制器258的光学传感器。光学传感器264包括电荷耦合器件(CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)光电晶体管。光学传感器264从环境接收通过一个或多个透镜而投射的光，并且将光转换为表示图像的数据。结合成像模块243(也叫做相机模块)，光学传感器264捕获静态图像或视频。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于设备200的后部，与设备前部的触摸屏显示器212相背对，使得触摸屏显示器被用作用于静态图像和/或视频图像采集的取景器。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于设备的前部，使得在用户在触摸屏显示器上查看其他视频会议参与者的同时获取该用户的图像以用于视频会议。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器264的位置可由用户改变(例如，通过旋转设备外壳中的透镜和传感器)，使得单个光学传感器264与触摸屏显示器一起使用以用于视频会议和静态图像和/或视频图像采集两者。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个接触强度传感器265。图2A示出了耦接到I/O子系统206中的强度传感器控制器259的接触强度传感器。接触强度传感器265任选地包括一个或多个压阻应变计、电容式力传感器、电力传感器、压电力传感器、光学力传感器、电容式触敏表面或其他强度传感器(例如，用于测量触敏表面上的接触的力(或压力)的传感器)。接触强度传感器265从环境接收接触强度信息(例如，压力信息或压力信息的代用物)。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并置排列或邻近。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器位于设备200的与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对的后部上。
设备200还包括一个或多个接近传感器266。图2A示出了耦接到外围设备接口218的接近传感器266。另选地，接近传感器266耦接到I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。接近传感器266如以下美国专利申请中所述那样执行：11/241,839，“Proximity Detector InHandheld Device”；11/240,788，“Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”；11/620,702，“Using Ambient Light Sensor To Augment Proximity Sensor Output”；11/586,862，“Automated Response To And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”；以及11/638,251，“Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration OfPeripherals”，这些美国专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，当多功能设备被置于用户的耳朵附近时(例如，当用户正在进行电话呼叫时)，接近传感器关闭并且禁用触摸屏212。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。图2A示出了耦接到I/O子系统206中的触觉反馈控制器261的触觉输出发生器。触觉输出发生器267任选地包括一个或多个电声设备，诸如扬声器或其他音频部件；和/或将能量转换成线性运动的机电设备，诸如马达、螺线管、电活性聚合器、压电致动器、静电致动器或其他触觉输出生成部件(例如，将电信号转换成设备上的触觉输出的部件)。接触强度传感器265从触觉反馈模块233接收触觉反馈生成指令，并且在设备200上生成能够由设备200的用户感觉到的触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并置排列或邻近，并且任选地通过竖直地(例如，向设备200的表面内/外)或侧向地(例如，在与设备200的表面相同的平面中向后和向前)移动触敏表面来生成触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出发生器传感器位于设备200的与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对的后部上。
设备200还包括一个或多个加速度计268。图2A示出了耦接至外围设备接口218的加速度计268。另选地，加速度计268耦接至I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。加速度计268如以下美国专利公开中所述那样执行：美国专利公开20050190059，“Acceleration-basedTheft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices”和美国专利公开20060017692，“Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A Portable Device Based OnAn Accelerometer”，这两个美国专利公开全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，基于对从一个或多个加速度计接收的数据的分析来在触摸屏显示器上以纵向视图或横向视图显示信息。设备200任选地除了加速度计268之外还包括磁力仪(未示出)和GPS(或GLONASS或其他全球导航系统)接收器(未示出)，以用于获取关于设备200的位置和取向(例如，纵向或横向)的信息。
在一些实施方案中，存储于存储器202中的软件部件包括操作系统226、通信模块(或指令集)228、接触/运动模块(或指令集)230、图形模块(或指令集)232、文本输入模块(或指令集)234、全球定位系统(GPS)模块(或指令集)235、数字助理客户端模块229以及应用程序(或指令集)236。此外，存储器202存储数据与模型，诸如用户数据与模型231。此外，在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或470(图4)存储设备/全局内部状态257，如图2A和图4所示。设备/全局内部状态257包括以下各项中的一者或多者：活动应用程序状态，该活动应用程序状态用于指示哪些应用程序(如果有的话)当前是活动的；显示状态，该显示状态用于指示什么应用程序、视图或其他信息占据触摸屏显示器212的各个区域；传感器状态，该传感器状态包括从设备的各个传感器和输入控制设备216获取的信息；以及关于设备位置和/或姿态的位置信息。
操作系统226(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、iOS、WINDOWS、或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、功率管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱动程序，并且促进各种硬件部件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块228促进通过一个或多个外部端口224来与其他设备进行通信，并且还包括用于处理由RF电路208和/或外部端口224所接收的数据的各种软件部件。外部端口224(例如，通用串行总线(USB)、火线等)适于直接耦接到其他设备或间接地经由网络(例如，互联网、无线LAN等)耦接。在一些实施方案中，外部端口是与(Apple Inc.的商标)设备上所使用的30针连接器相同的或类似的和/或与其兼容的多针(例如，30针)连接器。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测与触摸屏212(结合显示控制器256)和其他触敏设备(例如，触摸板或物理点击式转盘)的接触。接触/运动模块230包括各种软件部件以用于执行与接触检测相关的各种操作，诸如确定是否已发生接触(例如，检测手指按下事件)、确定接触的强度(例如，接触的力或压力，或者接触的力或压力的替代物)、确定是否存在接触的移动并跟踪在触敏表面上的移动(例如，检测一个或多个手指拖动事件)，以及确定接触是否已停止(例如，检测手指抬起事件或者接触断开)。接触/运动模块230从触敏表面接收接触数据。确定接触点的移动任选地包括确定接触点的速率(量值)、速度(量值和方向)和/或加速度(量值和/或方向的改变)，所述接触点的移动由一系列接触数据表示。这些操作任选地被应用于单点接触(例如，单指接触)或者多点同时接触(例如，“多点触摸”/多个手指接触)。在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230和显示控制器256检测触控板上的接触。
在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230使用一组一个或多个强度阈值来确定用户是否已经执行操作(例如，确定用户是否已经“点击”图标)。在一些实施方案中，根据软件参数来确定强度阈值的至少一个子集(例如，强度阈值不是由特定物理致动器的激活阈值来确定的，并且可在不改变设备200的物理硬件的情况下被调节)。例如，在不改变触控板或触摸屏显示器硬件的情况下，触控板或触摸屏的鼠标“点击”阈值可被设定成预定义的阈值的大范围中的任一个阈值。另外，在一些具体实施中，向设备的用户提供用于调节一组强度阈值中的一个或多个强度阈值(例如，通过调节各个强度阈值和/或通过利用对“强度”参数的系统级点击来一次调节多个强度阈值)的软件设置。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测用户的手势输入。触敏表面上的不同手势具有不同的接触模式(例如，所检测到的接触的不同运动、计时和/或强度)。因此，任选地通过检测特定接触模式来检测手势。例如，检测手指轻击手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后在与手指按下事件相同的位置(或基本上相同的位置)处(例如，在图标的位置处)检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。作为另一个示例，在触敏表面上检测手指轻扫手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后检测一个或多个手指拖动事件，并且随后检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。
图形模块232包括用于在触摸屏212或其他显示器上呈现和显示图形的各种已知的软件部件，包括用于改变所显示的图形的视觉冲击(例如，亮度、透明度、饱和度、对比度或其他视觉特征)的部件。如本文所用，术语“图形”包括可被显示给用户的任何对象，非限制性地包括文本、网页、图标(诸如，包括软键的用户界面对象)、数字图像、视频、动画等。
在一些实施方案中，图形模块232存储表示待使用的图形的数据。每个图形任选地被分配有对应的代码。图形模块232从应用程序等接收指定待显示的图形的一个或多个代码，在必要的情况下还接收坐标数据和其他图形属性数据，然后生成屏幕图像数据以输出到显示控制器256。
触觉反馈模块233包括用于生成指令的各种软件部件，该指令由触觉输出发生器267使用，以便响应于用户与设备200的交互而在设备200上的一个或多个位置处产生触觉输出。
在一些示例中作为图形模块232的部件的文本输入模块234提供用于在各种应用程序(例如，联系人237、电子邮件240、IM 241、浏览器247和需要文本输入的任何其他应用程序)中输入文本的软键盘。
GPS模块235确定设备的位置并提供这种信息以供在各种应用程序中使用(例如，提供至电话238以用于基于位置的拨号；提供至相机243作为图片/视频元数据；以及提供至提供基于位置的服务的应用程序，诸如天气桌面小程序、本地黄页桌面小程序和地图/导航桌面小程序)。
数字助理客户端模块229包括各种客户端侧数字助理指令，以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。例如，数字助理客户端模块229能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种用户接口(例如，麦克风213、加速度计268、触敏显示器系统212、光学传感器229、其他输入控制设备216等)接受声音输入(例如，语音输入)、文本输入、触摸输入和/或手势输入。数字助理客户端模块229还能够通过便携式多功能设备200的各种输出接口(例如，扬声器211、触敏显示器系统212、触觉输出生成器267等)提供音频形式的输出(例如，语音输出)、视觉形式的输出和/或触觉形式的输出。例如，将输出提供为语音、声音、警报、文本消息、菜单、图形、视频、动画、振动和/或以上两者或更多者的组合。在操作期间，数字助理客户端模块229使用RF电路208与DA服务器106通信。
用户数据与模型231包括与用户相关联的各种数据(例如，用户特定的词汇数据、用户偏好数据、用户指定的名称发音、来自用户电子通讯录的数据、待办事项、购物清单等)以提供数字助理的客户端侧功能。此外，用户数据与模型231包括用于处理用户输入并且确定用户意图的各种模型(例如，语音识别模型、统计语言模型、自然语言处理模型、知识本体、任务流模型、服务模型等)。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229利用便携式多功能设备200的各种传感器、子系统和外围设备来从便携式多功能设备200的周围环境采集附加信息，以建立与用户、当前用户交互和/或当前用户输入相关联的上下文。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229将上下文信息或其子集与用户输入一起提供至DA服务器106以帮助推断用户意图。在一些示例中，数字助理还使用上下文信息来确定如何准备输出并将其传送给用户。上下文信息被称为上下文数据。
在一些示例中，伴随用户输入的上下文信息包括传感器信息，例如照明、环境噪声、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频等。在一些示例中，上下文信息还可包括设备的物理状态，例如设备取向、设备位置、设备温度、功率电平、速度、加速度、运动模式、蜂窝信号强度等。在一些示例中，将与DA服务器106的软件状态相关的信息，例如便携式多功能设备200的运行过程、已安装程序、过去和当前的网络活动、后台服务、错误日志、资源使用等，作为与用户输入相关联的上下文信息提供至DA服务器106。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229响应于来自DA服务器106的请求而选择性地提供存储在便携式多功能设备200上的信息(例如，用户数据231)。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229还在DA服务器106请求时引出来自用户经由自然语言对话或其他用户接口的附加输入。数字助理客户端模块229将该附加输入传送至DA服务器106，以帮助DA服务器106进行意图推断和/或满足在用户请求中表达的用户意图。
下文参考图7A至图7C更详细地描述数字助理。应当认识到，数字助理客户端模块229可包括下文所述的数字助理模块726的任何数量的子模块。
应用程序236包括以下模块(或指令集)或者其子集或超集：
·联系人模块237(有时称为地址簿或联系人列表)；
·电话模块238；
·视频会议模块239；
·电子邮件客户端模块240；
·即时消息(IM)模块241；
·健身支持模块242；
·用于静态图像和/或视频图像的相机模块243；
·图像管理模块244；
·视频播放器模块；
·音乐播放器模块；
·浏览器模块247；
·日历模块248；
·桌面小程序模块249，其在一些示例中包括以下各项中的一者或多者：天气桌面小程序249-1、股票桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4、词典桌面小程序249-5和用户获取的其他桌面小程序，以及用户创建的桌面小程序249-6；
·用于形成用户创建的桌面小程序249-6的桌面小程序创建器模块250；
·搜索模块251；
·视频和音乐播放器模块252，其合并视频播放器模块和音乐播放器模块；
·记事本模块253；
·地图模块254；和/或
·在线视频模块255。
存储在存储器202中的其他应用程序236的示例包括其他文字处理应用程序、其他图像编辑应用程序、绘图应用程序、呈现应用程序、支持JAVA的应用程序、加密、数字版权管理、声音识别和声音复制。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，联系人模块237用于管理通讯录或联系人列表(例如，被存储在存储器202或存储器470中的联系人模块237的应用程序内部状态292中)，包括：将一个或多个姓名添加到通讯录；从通讯录删除一个或多个姓名；使一个或多个电话号码、一个或多个电子邮件地址、一个或多个物理地址或其他信息与姓名相关联；使图像与姓名相关联；对姓名进行分类和排序；提供电话号码或电子邮件地址以发起和/或促进通过电话238、视频会议模块239、电子邮件240或IM 241进行的通信等。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电话模块238用于输入对应于电话号码的字符序列、访问联系人模块237中的一个或多个电话号码、修改已经输入的电话号码、拨打相应的电话号码、进行会话以及当会话完成时断开或挂断。如上所述，无线通信使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、联系人模块237和电话模块238，视频会议模块239包括根据用户指令来发起、进行和终止用户与一个或多个其他参与方之间的视频会议的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电子邮件客户端模块240包括响应于用户指令来创建、发送、接收和管理电子邮件的可执行指令。结合图像管理模块244，电子邮件客户端模块240使得非常容易创建和发送具有由相机模块243拍摄的静态图像或视频图像的电子邮件。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，即时消息模块241包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：输入与即时消息对应的字符序列、修改先前输入的字符、传输相应即时消息(例如，使用短消息服务(SMS)或多媒体消息服务(MMS)协议以用于基于电话的即时消息或者使用XMPP、SIMPLE、或IMPS以用于基于互联网的即时消息)、接收即时消息以及查看所接收的即时消息。在一些实施方案中，所传输和/或接收的即时消息包括图形、照片、音频文件、视频文件和/或如MMS和/或增强型消息服务(EMS)中支持的其他附件。如本文所用，“即时消息”是指基于电话的消息(例如，使用SMS或MMS发送的消息)和基于互联网的消息(例如，使用XMPP、SIMPLE或IMPS发送的消息)两者。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235、地图模块254和音乐播放器模块，健身支持模块242包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：创建健身(例如，具有时间、距离和/或卡路里燃烧目标)；与健身传感器(移动设备)进行通信；接收健身传感器数据；校准用于监测健身的传感器；选择并播放健身音乐；以及显示、存储和传输健身数据。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、一个或多个光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和图像管理模块244，相机模块243包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：捕获静态图像或视频(包括视频流)并且将它们存储到存储器202中、修改静态图像或视频的特征，或从存储器202删除静态图像或视频。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、和相机模块243，图像管理模块244包括用于排列、修改(例如，编辑)、或以其他方式操控、加标签、删除、呈现(例如，在数字幻灯片或相册中)、以及存储静态图像和/或视频图像的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，浏览器模块247包括用于根据用户指令来浏览互联网(包括搜索、链接至、接收和显示网页或其部分，以及链接至网页的附件和其他文件)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，日历模块248包括用于根据用户指令来创建、显示、修改和存储日历以及与日历相关联的数据(例如，日历条目、待办事项等)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序模块249是可由用户下载并使用的微型应用程序(例如，天气桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4和词典桌面小程序249-5)或由用户创建的微型应用程序(例如，用户创建的桌面小程序249-6)。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括HTML(超文本标记语言)文件、CSS(层叠样式表)文件和JavaScript文件。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括XML(可扩展标记语言)文件和JavaScript文件(例如，Yahoo！桌面小程序)。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序创建器模块250被用户用于创建桌面小程序(例如，使网页的用户指定部分变成桌面小程序)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，搜索模块251包括用于根据用户指令来搜索存储器202中的匹配一个或多个搜索条件(例如，一个或多个用户指定的搜索词)的文本、音乐、声音、图像、视频和/或其他文件的可执行指令。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路系统210、扬声器211、RF电路系统208和浏览器模块247，视频和音乐播放器模块252包括允许用户下载和回放以一种或多种文件格式(诸如MP3或AAC文件)存储的所记录的音乐和其他声音文件的可执行指令，以及用于显示、呈现或以其他方式回放视频(例如，在触摸屏212上或在经由外部端口224连接的外部显示器上)的可执行指令。在一些实施方案中，设备200任选地包括MP3播放器诸如iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)的功能。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模块234，记事本模块253包括根据用户指令来创建和管理记事本、待办事项等的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235和浏览器模块247，地图模块254用于根据用户指令接收、显示、修改和存储地图以及与地图相关联的数据(例如，驾驶方向、与特定位置处或附近的商店及其他兴趣点有关的数据，以及其他基于位置的数据)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232、音频电路210、扬声器211、RF电路208、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，在线视频模块255包括允许用户访问、浏览、接收(例如，通过流式传输和/或下载)、回放(例如，在触摸屏上或经由外部端口224在所连接的外部显示器上)、发送具有至特定在线视频的链接的电子邮件，以及以其他方式管理一种或多种文件格式(诸如，H.264)的在线视频的指令。在一些实施方案中，使用即时消息模块241而不是电子邮件客户端模块240来发送特定在线视频的链接。在线视频应用程序的其他描述可在于2007年6月20日提交的名称为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface forPlaying Online Videos”的美国临时专利申请60/936,562和于2007年12月31日提交的名称为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface forPlaying Online Videos”的美国专利申请11/968,067中找到，这两个专利申请的内容据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
上述每个模块和应用程序对应于用于执行上述一种或多种功能以及在本专利申请中所述的方法(例如，本文所述的计算机实现的方法和其他信息处理方法)的可执行指令集。这些模块(例如，指令集)不必被实现为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，并因此在各种实施方案中可组合或以其他方式重新布置这些模块的各种子集。例如，视频播放器模块可与音乐播放器模块组合成单个模块(例如，图2A中的视频和音乐播放器模块252)。在一些实施方案中，存储器202存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器202存储上文未描述的另外的模块和数据结构。
在一些实施方案中，设备200是该设备上的预定义的一组功能的操作唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触摸板来执行的设备。通过使用触摸屏和/或触控板作为用于设备200的操作的主要输入控制设备，减少设备200上的物理输入控制设备(诸如下压按钮、拨盘等)的数量。
唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触控板来执行的预定义的一组功能任选地包括在用户界面之间的导航。在一些实施方案中，当用户触摸触摸板时，将设备200从设备200上显示的任何用户界面导航到主菜单、home菜单或根菜单。在此类实施方案中，使用触摸板来实现“菜单按钮”。在一些其他实施方案中，菜单按钮是物理下压按钮或者其他物理输入控制设备，而不是触摸板。
图2B是示出根据一些实施方案的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框图。在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或470(图4)包括事件分类器270(例如，在操作系统226中)以及相应的应用程序236-1(例如，前述应用程序237-251、255、480-490中的任一个应用程序)。
事件分类器270接收事件信息并确定要将事件信息递送到的应用程序236-1和应用程序236-1的应用程序视图291。事件分类器270包括事件监视器271和事件分配器模块274。在一些实施方案中，应用程序236-1包括应用程序内部状态292，该应用程序内部状态指示当应用程序是活动的或正在执行时被显示在触敏显示器212上的一个或多个当前应用程序视图。在一些实施方案中，设备/全局内部状态257被事件分类器270用来确定哪个(哪些)应用程序当前是活动的，并且应用程序内部状态292被事件分类器270用来确定要将事件信息递送到的应用程序视图291。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序内部状态292包括附加信息，诸如以下各项中的一者或多者：当应用程序236-1恢复执行时将被使用的恢复信息、指示正被应用程序236-1显示的信息或准备好用于被应用程序236-1显示的信息的用户界面状态信息、用于使得用户能够返回到应用程序236-1的前一状态或视图的状态队列，以及用户采取的先前动作的重复/撤销队列。
事件监视器271从外围设备接口218接收事件信息。事件信息包括关于子事件(例如，触敏显示器212上的用户触摸，作为多点触摸手势的一部分)的信息。外围设备接口218传输其从I/O子系统206或传感器诸如接近传感器266、加速度计268和/或麦克风213(通过音频电路210)接收的信息。外围设备接口218从I/O子系统206接收的信息包括来自触敏显示器212或触敏表面的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件监视器271以预先确定的间隔将请求发送至外围设备接口218。作为响应，外围设备接口218传输事件信息。在其他实施方案中，外围设备接口218仅当存在显著事件(例如，接收到高于预先确定的噪声阈值的输入和/或接收到超过预先确定的持续时间的输入)时才传输事件信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件分类器270还包括命中视图确定模块272和/或活动事件识别器确定模块273。
当触敏显示器212显示多于一个视图时，命中视图确定模块272提供用于确定子事件已在一个或多个视图内的什么地方发生的软件过程。视图由用户能够在显示器上看到的控件和其他元素构成。
与应用程序相关联的用户界面的另一方面是一组视图，本文中有时也称为应用程序视图或用户界面窗口，在其中显示信息并且发生基于触摸的手势。在其中检测到触摸的(相应应用程序的)应用程序视图对应于应用程序的程序化分级结构或视图分级结构内的程序化水平。例如，在其中检测到触摸的最低水平视图被称为命中视图，并且被认为是正确输入的事件集至少部分地基于初始触摸的命中视图来确定，该初始触摸开始基于触摸的手势。
命中视图确定模块272接收与基于触摸的手势的子事件相关的信息。当应用程序具有以分级结构组织的多个视图时，命中视图确定模块272将命中视图识别为应当对子事件进行处理的分级结构中的最低视图。在大多数情况下，命中视图是发起子事件(例如，形成事件或潜在事件的子事件序列中的第一子事件)在其中发生的最低水平视图。一旦命中视图被命中视图确定模块272识别，命中视图便通常接收与其被识别为命中视图所针对的同一触摸或输入源相关的所有子事件。
活动事件识别器确定模块273确定视图分级结构内的哪个或哪些视图应接收特定子事件序列。在一些实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定仅命中视图应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模块273确定包括子事件的物理位置的所有视图是活跃参与的视图，并因此确定所有活跃参与的视图都应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中，即使触摸子事件完全被局限到与一个特定视图相关联的区域，分级结构中的较高视图将仍然保持为活跃参与的视图。
事件分配器模块274将事件信息分配到事件识别器(例如，事件识别器280)。在包括活动事件识别器确定模块273的实施方案中，事件分配器模块274将事件信息递送到由活动事件识别器确定模块273确定的事件识别器。在一些实施方案中，事件分配器模块274在事件队列中存储事件信息，该事件信息由相应事件接收器282进行检索。
在一些实施方案中，操作系统226包括事件分类器270。另选地，应用程序236-1包括事件分类器270。在又一个实施方案中，事件分类器270是独立模块，或者是存储在存储器202中的另一个模块(诸如，接触/运动模块230)的一部分。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序236-1包括多个事件处理程序290和一个或多个应用程序视图291，其中每个应用程序视图包括用于处理发生在应用程序的用户界面的相应视图内的触摸事件的指令。应用程序236-1的每个应用程序视图291包括一个或多个事件识别器280。通常，相应应用程序视图291包括多个事件识别器280。在其他实施方案中，事件识别器280中的一个或多个事件识别器是独立模块的一部分，该独立模块为诸如用户界面工具包(未示出)或应用程序236-1从中继承方法和其他属性的较高级别的对象。在一些实施方案中，相应事件处理程序290包括以下各项中的一者或多者：数据更新器276、对象更新器277、GUI更新器278和/或从事件分类器270所接收的事件数据279。事件处理程序290利用或调用数据更新器276、对象更新器277或GUI更新器278来更新应用程序内部状态292。另选地，应用程序视图291中的一个或多个应用程序视图包括一个或多个相应事件处理程序290。另外，在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278中的一者或多者包括在相应应用程序视图291中。
相应的事件识别器280从事件分类器270接收事件信息(例如，事件数据279)，并且从事件信息识别事件。事件识别器280包括事件接收器282和事件比较器284。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280还包括元数据283和事件传递指令288(其包括子事件传递指令)的至少一个子集。
事件接收器282接收来自事件分类器270的事件信息。事件信息包括关于子事件例如触摸或触摸移动的信息。根据子事件，事件信息还包括附加信息，诸如子事件的位置。当子事件涉及触摸的运动时，事件信息还包括子事件的速率和方向。在一些实施方案中，事件包括设备从一个取向旋转到另一取向(例如，从纵向取向旋转到横向取向，或反之亦然)，并且事件信息包括关于设备的当前取向(也被称为设备姿态)的对应信息。
事件比较器284将事件信息与预定义的事件或子事件定义进行比较，并且基于该比较，确定事件或子事件，或者确定或更新事件或子事件的状态。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284包括事件定义286。事件定义286包含事件的定义(例如，预定义的子事件序列)，例如事件1(287-1)、事件2(287-2)以及其他事件。在一些实施方案中，事件(287)中的子事件包括例如触摸开始、触摸结束、触摸移动、触摸取消和多点触摸。在一个示例中，事件1(287-1)的定义是在所显示对象上的双击。例如，双击包括被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第一次触摸(触摸开始)、预先确定时长的第一次抬离(触摸结束)、被显示对象上的预先确定时长的第二次触摸(触摸开始)以及预先确定时长的第二次抬离(触摸结束)。在另一个示例中，事件2(287-2)的定义是被显示对象上的拖动。例如，拖动包括被显示对象上的预先确定时长的触摸(或接触)、触摸在触敏显示器212上的移动、以及触摸的抬离(触摸结束)。在一些实施方案中，事件还包括用于一个或多个相关联的事件处理程序290的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件定义287包括用于相应用户界面对象的事件的定义。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284执行命中测试以确定哪个用户界面对象与子事件相关联。例如，在触敏显示器212上显示三个用户界面对象的应用程序视图中，当在触敏显示器212上检测到触摸时，事件比较器284执行命中测试以确定这三个用户界面对象中的哪一个用户界面对象与该触摸(子事件)相关联。如果每个所显示对象与相应事件处理程序290相关联，则事件比较器使用该命中测试的结果来确定哪个事件处理程序290应当被激活。例如，事件比较器284选择与子事件和触发该命中测试的对象相关联的事件处理程序。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件(287)的定义还包括延迟动作，该延迟动作延迟事件信息的递送，直到已确定子事件序列是否确实对应于或不对应于事件识别器的事件类型。
当相应事件识别器280确定子事件序列不与事件定义286中的任何事件匹配时，该相应事件识别器280进入事件不可能、事件失败或事件结束状态，在此之后忽略基于触摸的手势的后续子事件。在这种情况下，对于命中视图保持活动的其他事件识别器(如果有的话)继续跟踪并处理持续进行的基于触摸的手势的子事件。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280包括具有指示事件递送系统应当如何执行对活跃参与的事件识别器的子事件递送的可配置属性、标记和/或列表的元数据283。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括指示事件识别器彼此如何交互或如何能够交互的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括指示子事件是否递送到视图或程序化分级结构中的不同层级的可配置属性、标志和/或列表。
在一些实施方案中，当识别事件的一个或多个特定子事件时，相应事件识别器280激活与事件相关联的事件处理程序290。在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280将与事件相关联的事件信息递送到事件处理程序290。激活事件处理程序290不同于将子事件发送(和延期发送)到相应命中视图。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280抛出与所识别的事件相关联的标记，并且与该标记相关联的事件处理程序290获取该标记并执行预定义过程。
在一些实施方案中，事件递送指令288包括递送关于子事件的事件信息而不激活事件处理程序的子事件递送指令。相反，子事件递送指令将事件信息递送到与子事件序列相关联的事件处理程序或者递送到活跃参与的视图。与子事件序列或与活跃参与的视图相关联的事件处理程序接收事件信息并执行预先确定的过程。
在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276创建并更新在应用程序236-1中使用的数据。例如，数据更新器276对联系人模块237中所使用的电话号码进行更新，或者对视频播放器模块中所使用的视频文件进行存储。在一些实施方案中，对象更新器277创建和更新在应用程序236-1中使用的对象。例如，对象更新器277创建新的用户界面对象或更新用户界面对象的位置。GUI更新器278更新GUI。例如，GUI更新器278准备显示信息并将其发送到图形模块232以供在触敏显示器上显示。
在一些实施方案中，事件处理程序290包括数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278或者具有对它们的访问权限。在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278被包括在相应应用程序236-1或应用程序视图291的单个模块中。在其他实施方案中，它们被包括在两个或更多个软件模块中。
应当理解，关于触敏显示器上的用户触摸的事件处理的上述讨论还适用于利用输入设备来操作多功能设备200的其他形式的用户输入，并不是所有用户输入都是在触摸屏上发起的。例如，任选地与单次或多次键盘按压或保持结合的鼠标移动和鼠标按钮按压；触摸板上的接触移动，诸如轻击、拖动、滚动等；触笔输入；设备的移动；口头指令；所检测到的眼睛移动；生物特征输入；和/或其任意组合任选地被用作与定义要识别的事件的子事件对应的输入。
图3示出了根据一些实施方案的具有触摸屏212的便携式多功能设备200。触摸屏任选地在用户界面(UI)300内显示一个或多个图形。在本实施方案以及下文所述的其他实施方案中，用户能够通过例如利用一根或多根手指302(在图中未按比例绘制)或一支或多支触笔303(在图中未按比例绘制)在图形上作出手势来选择这些图形中的一个或多个图形。在一些实施方案中，当用户中断与一个或多个图形的接触时，将发生对一个或多个图形的选择。在一些实施方案中，手势任选地包括一次或多次轻击、一次或多次轻扫(从左向右、从右向左、向上和/或向下)和/或已与设备200发生接触的手指的滚动(从右向左、从左向右、向上和/或向下)。在一些具体实施中或在一些情况下，不经意地与图形接触不会选择图形。例如，当与选择对应的手势是轻击时，在应用程序图标上方扫动的轻扫手势任选地不会选择对应的应用程序。
设备200还包括一个或多个物理按钮，诸如“home”或菜单按钮304。如前所述，菜单按钮304用于导航到在设备200上执行的一组应用程序中的任何应用程序236。另选地，在一些实施方案中，菜单按钮被实现为被显示在触摸屏212上的GUI中的软键。
在一些实施方案中，设备200包括触摸屏212、菜单按钮304、用于使设备通电/断电和用于锁定设备的下压按钮306、一个或多个音量调节按钮308、用户身份模块(SIM)卡槽310、耳麦插孔312和对接/充电外部端口224。下压按钮306被任选地用于：通过按下按钮并使按钮在下压状态保持预先确定的时间间隔来使设备通电/断电；通过按下按钮并在经过预先确定的时间间隔之前释放按钮来锁定设备；和/或对设备进行解锁或发起解锁过程。在另选的实施方案中，设备200还通过麦克风213来接受用于激活或去激活某些功能的语音输入。设备200还任选地包括用于检测触摸屏212上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265，和/或用于为设备200的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。
图4是根据一些实施方案的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设备的框图。设备400不必是便携式的。在一些实施方案中，设备400是膝上型计算机、台式计算机、平板电脑、多媒体播放器设备、导航设备、教育设备(诸如儿童学习玩具)、游戏系统或控制设备(例如，家用控制器或工业用控制器)。设备400通常包括一个或多个处理单元(CPU)410、一个或多个网络或其他通信接口460、存储器470和用于使这些部件互连的一个或多个通信总线420。通信总线420任选地包括使系统部件互连并且控制系统部件之间的通信的电路系统(有时称作芯片组)。设备400包括具有显示器440的输入/输出(I/O)接口430，该显示器通常是触摸屏显示器。I/O接口430还任选地包括键盘和/或鼠标(或其他指向设备)450和触摸板455、用于在设备400上生成触觉输出的触觉输出发生器457(例如，类似于以上参考图2A所述的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267)、传感器459(例如，光学传感器、加速度传感器、接近传感器、触敏传感器、和/或类似于以上参考图2A所述的一个或多个接触强度传感器265的接触强度传感器)。存储器470包括高速随机存取存储器诸如DRAM、SRAM、DDR RAM或其他随机存取固态存储器设备，并且任选地包括非易失性存储器诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、光盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器470任选地包括远离CPU 410定位的一个或多个存储设备。在一些实施方案中，存储器470存储与便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202中存储的程序、模块和数据结构类似的程序、模块和数据结构或其子集。此外，存储器470任选地存储在便携式多功能设备200的存储器202中不存在的附加程序、模块和数据结构。例如，设备400的存储器470任选地存储绘图模块480、呈现模块482、文字处理模块484、网站创建模块486、盘编辑模块488、和/或电子表格模块490，而便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202任选地不存储这些模块。
图4中的上述元件中的每一者在一些示例中存储在一个或多个先前提到的存储器设备中。上述模块中的每个模块对应于用于执行上述功能的指令集。上述模块或程序(例如，指令集)不必被实现为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，因此这些模块的各种子集在各种实施方案中组合或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施方案中，存储器470存储上述模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器470存储上文未描述的另外的模块和数据结构。
现在将注意力转到可在例如便携式多功能设备200上实现的用户界面的实施方案。
图5A示出了根据一些实施方案的便携式多功能设备200上的应用程序菜单的示例性用户界面。类似的用户界面在设备400上实现。在一些实施方案中，用户界面500包括以下元件或者其子集或超集：
一种或多种无线通信(诸如蜂窝信号和Wi-Fi信号)的一个或多个信号强度指示器502；
·时间504；
·蓝牙指示器505；
·电池状态指示器506；
·具有常用应用的图标的托盘508，常用应用图标诸如：
о电话模块238的被标记为“电话”的图标516，该图标516任选地包括未接来电或语音留言的数量的指示符514；
о电子邮件客户端模块240的被标记为“邮件”的图标518，该图标518任选地包括未读电子邮件的数量的指示符510；
о浏览器模块247的被标记为“浏览器”的图标520；以及
о视频和音乐播放器模块252(也称为iPod(Apple Inc.的商标)模块252)的被标记为“iPod”的图标522；以及
·其他应用的图标，诸如：
оIM模块241的被标记为“消息”的图标524；
о日历模块248的被标记为“日历”的图标526；
о图像管理模块244的被标记为“照片”的图标528；
о相机模块243的被标记为“相机”的图标530；
о在线视频模块255的被标记为“在线视频”的图标532；
о股票桌面小程序249-2的被标记为“股票”的图标534；
о地图模块254的被标记为“地图”的图标536；
о天气桌面小程序249-1的被标记为“天气”的图标538；
о闹钟桌面小程序249-4的被标记为“时钟”的图标540；
о健身支持模块242的被标记为“健身支持”的图标542；
о记事本模块253的被标记为“记事本”的图标544；和
о用于设置应用程序或模块的被标记为“设置”的图标546，该图标546提供对设备200及其各种应用程序236的设置的访问。
应当指示的是，图5A中示出的图标标签仅是示例性的。例如，视频和音乐播放器模块252的图标522任选地被标记为“音乐”或“音乐播放器”。对于各种应用程序图标任选地使用其他标签。在一些实施方案中，相应应用程序图标的标签包括与该相应应用程序图标对应的应用程序的名称。在一些实施方案中，特定应用程序图标的标签不同于与该特定应用程序图标对应的应用程序的名称。
图5B示出了具有与显示器550(例如，触摸屏显示器212)分开的触敏表面551(例如，图4的平板电脑或触控板455)的设备(例如，图4的设备400)上的示例性用户界面。设备400还任选地包括用于检测触敏表面551上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器(例如，传感器457中的一个或多个传感器)，和/或用于为设备400的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器459。
尽管将参考触摸屏显示器212(其中组合了触敏表面和显示器)上的输入给出随后的示例中的一些示例，但是在一些实施方案中，设备检测与显示器分开的触敏表面上的输入，如图5B中所示。在一些实施方案中，触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)具有对应于显示器(例如，550)上的主轴(例如，图5B中的553)的主轴(例如，图5B中的552)。根据这些实施方案，设备检测在与显示器上的相应位置对应的位置(例如，在图5B中，560对应于568并且562对应于570)处与触敏表面551的接触(例如，图5B中的560和562)。这样，在触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)与多功能设备的显示器(图5B中的550)分开时，由设备在触敏表面上检测到的用户输入(例如，接触560和562以及它们的移动)被该设备用于操控显示器上的用户界面。应当理解，类似的方法任选地用于本文所述的其他用户界面。
另外，虽然主要是参考手指输入(例如，手指接触、单指轻击手势、手指轻扫手势)来给出下面的示例，但是应当理解的是，在一些实施方案中，这些手指输入中的一个或多个手指输入由来自另一输入设备的输入(例如，基于鼠标的输入或触笔输入)替代。例如，轻扫手势任选地由鼠标点击(例如，而不是接触)，之后是光标沿着轻扫的路径的移动(例如，而不是接触的移动)替代。又如，轻击手势任选地由在光标位于轻击手势的位置上方时的鼠标点击(例如，代替对接触的检测，之后是停止检测接触)替代。类似地，当同时检测到多个用户输入时，应当理解的是，多个计算机鼠标任选地被同时使用，或鼠标和手指接触任选地被同时使用。
图6A示出了示例性个人电子设备600。设备600包括主体602。在一些实施方案中，设备600包括相对于设备200和400(例如，图2A至图4)所述的特征中的一些或全部特征。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有在下文中称为触摸屏604的触敏显示屏604。作为触摸屏604的替代或补充，设备600具有显示器和触敏表面。与设备200和400的情况一样，在一些实施方案中，触摸屏604(或触敏表面)具有用于检测正在施加的接触(例如，触摸)的强度的一个或多个强度传感器。触摸屏604(或触敏表面)的一个或多个强度传感器提供表示触摸的强度的输出数据。设备600的用户界面基于触摸强度来对触摸作出响应，这意味着不同强度的触摸可调用设备600上的不同的用户界面操作。
用于检测和处理触摸强度的技术可见于例如如下相关专利申请中：于2013年5月8日提交的标题为“Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface for Displaying UserInterface Objects Corresponding to an Application”的国际专利申请序列号PCT/US2013/040061，以及于2013年11月11日提交的标题为“Device,Method,and GraphicalUser Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display OutputRelationships”的国际专利申请序列号PCT/US2013/069483，这两个专利申请中的每个专利申请据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个输入机构606和608。输入机构606和608(如果包括的话)是物理形式的。物理输入机构的示例包括下压按钮和可旋转机构。在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个附接机构。此类附接机构(如果包括的话)可允许将设备600与例如帽子、眼镜、耳环、项链、衬衣、夹克、手镯、表带、手链、裤子、皮带、鞋子、钱包、背包等附接。这些附接机构允许用户穿戴设备600。
图6B示出了示例性个人电子设备600。在一些实施方案中，设备600包括相对于图2A、图2B和图4所述的部件中的一些或全部部件。设备600具有总线612，该总线将I/O部分614与一个或多个计算机处理器616和存储器618操作性地耦接。I/O部分614被连接到显示器604，该显示器可具有触敏部件622并且任选地还具有触摸强度敏感部件624。此外，I/O部分614与通信单元630连接，以用于使用Wi-Fi、蓝牙、近场通信(NFC)、蜂窝和/或其他无线通信技术来接收应用程序和操作系统数据。设备600包括输入机构606和/或608。例如，输入机构606是可旋转输入设备或者可按压输入设备以及可旋转输入设备。在一些示例中，输入机构608是按钮。
在一些示例中，输入机构608是麦克风。个人电子设备600包括例如各种传感器，诸如GPS传感器632、加速度计634、定向传感器640(例如，罗盘)、陀螺仪636、运动传感器638和/或其组合，所有这些设备均可操作性连接到I/O部分614。
个人电子设备600的存储器618包括用于存储计算机可执行指令的一个或多个非暂态计算机可读存储介质，该指令当由一个或多个计算机处理器616执行时例如使得计算机处理器执行上述技术和过程。该计算机可执行指令也例如在任何非暂态计算机可读存储介质内进行存储和/或传送，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、装置或设备获取指令并执行指令的其他系统使用或与其结合。个人电子设备600不限于图6B的部件和配置，而是可包括多种配置中的其他部件或附加部件。
如本文所用，术语“示能表示”是指在设备200、400和/或600(图2、图4和图6)的显示屏上显示的用户交互式图形用户界面对象。例如，图像(例如，图标)、按钮和文本(例如，超链接)各自构成示能表示。
如本文所用，术语“焦点选择器”是指用于指示用户正与之进行交互的用户界面的当前部分的输入元件。在包括光标或其他位置标记的一些具体实施中，光标充当“焦点选择器”，使得当光标在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)上方时在触敏表面(例如，图4中的触摸板455或图5B中的触敏表面551)上检测到输入(例如，按压输入)的情况下，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调节。在包括能够实现与触摸屏显示器上的用户界面元素的直接交互的触摸屏显示器(例如，图2A中的触敏显示器系统212或图5A中的触摸屏212)的一些具体实施中，触摸屏上的所检测到的接触充当“焦点选择器”，使得当在触摸屏显示器上在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)的位置处检测到输入(例如，由接触进行的按压输入)时，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调节。在一些具体实施中，焦点从用户界面的一个区域移动到用户界面的另一个区域，而无需光标的对应移动或触摸屏显示器上的接触的移动(例如，通过使用制表键或箭头键将焦点从一个按钮移动到另一个按钮)；在这些具体实施中，焦点选择器根据用户界面的不同区域之间的焦点移动而移动。不考虑焦点选择器所采取的具体形式，焦点选择器通常是由用户控制的以便递送与用户界面的用户预期的交互(例如，通过向设备指示用户界面的用户期望与其进行交互的元素)的用户界面元素(或触摸屏显示器上的接触)。例如，在触敏表面(例如，触摸板或触摸屏)上检测到按压输入时，焦点选择器(例如，光标、接触或选择框)在相应按钮上方的位置将指示用户期望激活相应按钮(而不是设备显示器上示出的其他用户界面元素)。
如说明书和权利要求中所使用的，接触的“特征强度”这一术语是指基于接触的一个或多个强度的接触的特征。在一些实施方案中，特征强度基于多个强度样本。特征强度任选地基于相对于预定义事件(例如，在检测到接触之后，在检测到接触抬离之前，在检测到接触开始移动之前或之后，在检测到接触结束之前，在检测到接触的强度增大之前或之后和/或在检测到接触的强度减小之前或之后)而言在预先确定的时间段(例如，0.05秒、0.1秒、0.2秒、0.5秒、1秒、2秒、5秒、10秒)期间采集的预定义数量的强度样本或一组强度样本。接触的特征强度任选地基于以下各项中的一者或多者：接触强度的最大值、接触强度的均值、接触强度的平均值、接触强度的前10％处的值、接触强度的半最大值、接触强度的90％最大值等。在一些实施方案中，在确定特征强度时使用接触的持续时间(例如，在特征强度是接触的强度在时间上的平均值时)。在一些实施方案中，将特征强度与一组一个或多个强度阈值进行比较，以确定用户是否已执行操作。例如，该组一个或多个强度阈值包括第一强度阈值和第二强度阈值。在该示例中，特征强度未超过第一阈值的接触导致第一操作，特征强度超过第一强度阈值但未超过第二强度阈值的接触导致第二操作，而特征强度超过第二阈值的接触导致第三操作。在一些实施方案中，使用特征强度与一个或多个阈值之间的比较来确定是否要执行一个或多个操作(例如，是执行相应操作还是放弃执行相应操作)，而不是用于确定执行第一操作还是第二操作。
在一些实施方案中，识别手势的一部分以用于确定特征强度。例如，触敏表面接收连续的轻扫接触，该连续的轻扫接触从起始位置过渡并到达结束位置，在该结束位置处，接触的强度增加。在该示例中，接触在结束位置处的特征强度仅基于连续轻扫接触的一部分，而不是整个轻扫接触(例如，仅轻扫接触在结束位置处的部分)。在一些实施方案中，在确定接触的特征强度之前向轻扫手势的强度应用平滑化算法。例如，平滑化算法任选地包括以下各项中的一种或多种：不加权滑动平均平滑化算法、三角平滑化算法、中值滤波器平滑化算法和/或指数平滑化算法。在一些情况下，这些平滑化算法消除了轻扫接触的强度中的窄的尖峰或凹陷，以实现确定特征强度的目的。
相对于一个或多个强度阈值诸如接触检测强度阈值、轻按压强度阈值、深按压强度阈值和/或一个或多个其他强度阈值来表征触敏表面上的接触的强度。在一些实施方案中，轻按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下设备将执行通常与点击物理鼠标或触摸板的按钮相关联的操作。在一些实施方案中，深按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该强度下设备将执行与通常与点击物理鼠标或触控板的按钮相关联的操作不同的操作。在一些实施方案中，当检测到特征强度低于轻按压强度阈值(例如，并且高于标称接触检测强度阈值，比标称接触检测强度阈值低的接触不再被检测到)的接触时，设备将根据接触在触敏表面上的移动来移动焦点选择器，而不执行与轻按压强度阈值或深按压强度阈值相关联的操作。一般来讲，除非另有陈述，否则这些强度阈值在不同组的用户界面附图之间是一致的。
接触特征强度从低于轻按压强度阈值的强度增大到介于轻按压强度阈值与深按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为“轻按压”输入。接触特征强度从低于深按压强度阈值的强度增大到高于深按压强度阈值的强度有时被称为“深按压”输入。接触特征强度从低于接触检测强度阈值的强度增大到介于接触检测强度阈值与轻按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为检测到触摸表面上的接触。接触特征强度从高于接触检测强度阈值的强度减小到低于接触检测强度阈值的强度有时被称为检测到接触从触摸表面抬离。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值为零。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值大于零。
在本文中所述的一些实施方案中，响应于检测到包括相应按压输入的手势或响应于检测到利用相应接触(或多个接触)执行的相应按压输入来执行一个或多个操作，其中至少部分地基于检测到该接触(或多个接触)的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值而检测到相应按压输入。在一些实施方案中，响应于检测到相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向下冲程”)来执行相应操作。在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)来执行相应操作。
在一些实施方案中，设备采用强度滞后以避免有时被称为“抖动”的意外输入，其中设备限定或选择与按压输入强度阈值具有预定义关系的滞后强度阈值(例如，滞后强度阈值比按压输入强度阈值低X个强度单位，或滞后强度阈值是按压输入强度阈值的75％、90％或某个合理比例)。因此，在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于对应于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触的强度随后减小到低于滞后强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)来执行相应操作。类似地，在一些实施方案中，仅在设备检测到接触强度从等于或低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到等于或高于按压输入强度阈值的强度并且任选地接触强度随后减小到等于或低于滞后强度的强度时才检测到按压输入，并且响应于检测到按压输入(例如，根据环境，接触强度增大或接触强度减小)来执行相应操作。
为了容易解释，任选地，响应于检测到以下各种情况中的任一种情况而触发对响应于与按压输入强度阈值相关联的按压输入或响应于包括按压输入的手势而执行的操作的描述：接触强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值、接触强度从低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值的强度、接触强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值、和/或接触强度减小到低于与按压输入强度阈值对应的滞后强度阈值。另外，在将操作描述为响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值而执行的示例中，任选地响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于对应于并且小于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值来执行操作。
3、数字助理系统
图7A示出根据各种示例的数字助理系统700的框图。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700在独立式计算机系统上实现。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700跨多个计算机分布。在一些示例中，数字助理的模块和功能中的一些被划分成服务器部分和客户端部分，其中客户端部分位于一个或多个用户设备(例如，设备104、设备122、设备200、设备400或设备600)上并通过一个或多个网络与服务器部分(例如，服务器系统108)通信，例如，如图1中所示。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700是图1中所示的服务器系统108(和/或DA服务器106)的具体实施。应当指出，数字助理系统700仅为数字助理系统的一个示例，且该数字助理系统700具有比所示更多或更少的部件、组合两个或更多个部件，或者可具有部件的不同配置或布局。图7A中所示的各种部件在硬件、用于由一个或多个处理器执行的软件指令、固件(包括一个或多个信号处理集成电路和/或专用集成电路)，或其组合中实现。
数字助理系统700包括存储器702、输入/输出(I/O)接口706、网络通信接口708，以及一个或多个处理器704。这些部件可通过一条或多条通信总线或信号线710彼此通信。
在一些示例中，存储器702包括非暂态计算机可读介质，诸如高速随机存取存储器和/或非易失性计算机可读存储介质(例如，一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储器设备)。
在一些示例中，I/O接口706将数字助理系统700的输入/输出设备716诸如显示器、键盘、触摸屏和麦克风耦接至用户界面模块722。I/O接口706，与用户界面模块722结合，接收用户输入(例如，语音输入、键盘输入、触摸输入等)并相应地对这些输入进行处理。在一些示例中，例如，当数字助理在独立式用户设备上实现时，数字助理系统700包括相对于图2A、图4、图6A至图6B中各自的设备200、设备400或设备600所描述的部件和I/O通信接口中的任一者。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700代表数字助理具体实施的服务器部分，并且可通过位于用户设备(例如，设备104、设备200、设备400或设备600)上的客户端侧部分与用户进行交互。
在一些示例中，网络通信接口708包括一个或多个有线通信端口712，以及/或者无线传输和接收电路714。一个或多个有线通信端口经由一个或多个有线接口例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线等接收和发送通信信号。无线电路714从通信网络及其他通信设备接收RF信号和/或光学信号以及将RF信号和/或光学信号发送至通信网络及其他通信设备。无线通信使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一种，诸如GSM、EDGE、CDMA、TDMA、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、VoIP、Wi-MAX、或任何其他合适的通信协议。网络通信接口708使数字助理系统700通过网络，诸如互联网、内联网和/或无线网络诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN)，与其他设备之间的通信成为可能。
在一些示例中，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质存储程序、模块、指令和数据结构，包括以下内容中的全部或其子集：操作系统718、通信模块720、用户界面模块722、一个或多个应用程序724和数字助理模块726。具体地讲，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质存储用于执行上述过程的指令。一个或多个处理器704执行这些程序、模块和指令，并从数据结构读取数据或将数据写到数据结构。
操作系统718(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、iOS、OS X、WINDOWS、或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、电源管理等)的各种软件组件和/或驱动器，并且有利于各种硬件、固件和软件组件之间的通信。
通信模块720促成数字助理系统700与其他设备之间通过网络通信接口708进行的通信。例如，通信模块720与电子设备诸如分别在图2A、图4、图6A至图6B中所示的设备200,400或600的RF电路208通信。通信模块720还包括各种部件，用于处理由无线电路714和/或有线通信端口712所接收的数据。
用户界面模块722经由I/O接口706接收来自用户(例如，来自键盘、触摸屏、指向设备、控制器和/或麦克风)的命令和/或输入，并在显示器上生成用户界面对象。用户界面模块722还准备输出(例如，语音、声音、动画、文本、图标、振动、触觉反馈、光照等)并将其经由I/O接口706(例如，通过显示器、音频通道、扬声器、触控板等)传送给用户。
应用程序724包括被配置为由所述一个或多个处理器704执行的程序和/或模块。例如，如果数字助理系统在独立式用户设备上实施，则应用程序724包括用户应用程序，诸如游戏、日历应用程序、导航应用程序或邮件应用程序。如果数字助理系统700在服务器上实现，则应用程序724包括例如资源管理应用程序、诊断应用程序、或调度应用程序。
存储器702还存储数字助理模块726(或数字助理的服务器部分)。在一些示例中，数字助理模块726包括以下子模块或者其子集或超集：输入/输出处理模块728、语音转文本(STT)处理模块730、自然语言处理模块732、对话流处理模块734、任务流处理模块736、服务处理模块738和语音合成模块740。这些模块中的每一者均具有对以下数字助理模块726的系统或数据与模型中的一者或多者或者其子集或超集的访问权限：知识本体760、词汇索引744、用户数据748、任务流模型754、服务模型756和ASR系统。
在一些示例中，使用在数字助理模块726上实现的处理模块、数据和模型，数字助理可执行以下内容中的至少一些：将语音输入转换为文本；识别从用户接收的自然语言输入中表达的用户的意图；主动引出并获取用于充分推断用户意图所需的信息(例如，通过消除字词、游戏、意向等的歧义)；确定用于满足推断出的意图的任务流；以及执行任务流以满足推断出的意图。
在一些示例中，如图7B中所示，I/O处理模块728通过图7A中的I/O设备716与用户进行交互或通过图7A中的网络通信接口708与用户设备(例如，设备104、200、400或600)进行交互，以获取用户输入(例如，语音输入)并提供对用户输入的响应(例如，作为语音输出)。I/O处理模块728随同接收到用户输入一起或在接收到用户输入之后不久任选地获得与来自用户设备的用户输入相关联的上下文信息。上下文信息包括特定于用户的数据、词汇，和/或与用户输入相关的偏好。在一些示例中，上下文信息还包括在接收到用户请求时用户设备的软件和硬件状态，和/或与在接收到用户请求时用户周围环境相关的信息。在一些示例中，I/O处理模块728还向用户发送与用户请求有关的跟进问题，并从用户接收回答。在用户请求被I/O处理模块728接收且用户请求包括语音输入时，I/O处理模块728将语音输入转发至STT处理模块730(或语音识别器)以进行语音文本转换。
STT处理模块730包括一个或多个ASR系统。一个或多个ASR系统可处理通过I/O处理模块728接收到的语音输入，以产生识别结果。每个ASR系统包括前端语音预处理器。前端语音预处理器从语音输入中提取代表性特征。例如，前端语音预处理器对语音输入执行傅里叶变换，以提取表征语音输入的光谱特征作为代表性多维向量的序列。另外，每个ASR系统包括一个或多个语音识别模型(例如，声学模型和/或语言模型)并且实现一个或多个语音识别引擎。语音识别模型的示例包括隐马尔可夫模型、高斯混合模型、深层神经网络模型、n元语言模型以及其他统计模型。语音识别引擎的示例包括基于动态时间规整的引擎和基于加权有限状态变换器(WFST)的引擎。使用一个或多个语音识别模型和一个或多个语音识别引擎来处理前端语音预处理器的所提取的代表性特征以产生中间识别结果(例如，音素、音素串和子字词)，并且最终产生文本识别结果(例如，字词、字词串、或符号序列)。在一些示例中，语音输入至少部分地由第三方服务处理或在用户的设备(例如，设备104、设备200、设备400或设备600)上处理，以产生识别结果。一旦STT处理模块730产生包含文本串(例如，字词，或字词的序列，或符号序列)的识别结果，识别结果即被传送至自然语言处理模块732以供意图推断。
有关语音转文本处理的更多细节在提交于2011年9月20日的名为“ConsolidatingSpeech Recognition Results”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号13/236,942中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730包括可识别字词的词汇和/或经由语音字母转换模块731访问该词汇。每个词汇字词与语音识别语音字母表中表示的字词的一个或多个候选发音相关联。具体地讲，可识别字词的词汇包括与多个候选发音相关联的字词。例如，该词汇包括与和/>的候选发音相关联的字词“tomato”。另外，词汇字词与基于来自用户的先前语音输入的自定义候选发音相关联。此类自定义候选发音存储在STT处理模块730中，并且经由设备上的用户配置文件与特定用户相关联。在一些示例中，字词的候选发音基于字词的拼写以及一个或多个语言学和/或语音学规则确定。在一些示例中，候选发音手动生成，例如，基于已知的标准发音而手动生成。
在一些示例中，基于候选发音的普遍性来对候选发音进行排名。例如，候选语音的排序高于/>因为前者是更常用的发音(例如，在所有用户中，对于特定地理区域的用户而言，或者对于任何其他合适的用户子集而言)。在一些示例中，基于候选发音是否为与用户相关联的自定义候选发音来对候选发音进行排序。例如，自定义候选发音的排名高于标准候选发音。这可用于识别具有偏离规范发音的独特发音的专有名词。在一些示例中，候选发音与一个或多个语音特征(诸如地理起源或国家)相关联。例如，候选发音/>与美国相关联，而候选发音/>与英国相关联。此外，候选发音的排序基于存储在设备上的用户配置文件中的用户的一个或多个特征(例如，地理起源、国家等)。例如，可从用户配置文件确定该用户与美国相关联。基于用户与美国相关联，候选发音(与美国相关联)可比候选发音/>(与英国相关联)排名更高。在一些示例中，经排序的候选发音中的一个可被选作预测发音(例如，最可能的发音)。
接收到语音输入时，STT处理模块730被用来(例如，使用声音模型)确定对应于该语音输入的音素，然后尝试(例如，使用语言模型)确定匹配该音素的字词。例如，如果STT处理模块730首先识别对应于该语音输入的一部分的音素序列那么它随后可基于词汇索引744确定该序列对应于字词“tomato”。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730使用模糊匹配技术来确定话语中的字词。因此，例如，STT处理模块730可确定音素序列对应于字词“tomato”，即使该特定音素序列不是该字词的候选音素序列。
数字助理的自然语言处理模块732(“自然语言处理器”)可取得由STT处理模块730生成的字词或符号的序列(“符号序列”)，并尝试将该符号序列与由数字助理所识别的一个或多个“可执行意图”相关联。“可执行意图”表示可由数字助理执行并且可具有在任务流模型754中实现的相关联的任务流的任务。相关联任务流是数字助理为了执行任务而采取的一系列经编程的动作和步骤。数字助理的能力范围取决于已在任务流模型754中实现并存储的任务流的数量和种类，或换言之，取决于数字助理所识别的“可执行意图”的数量和种类。然而，数字助理的有效性还取决于助理从以自然语言表达的用户请求中推断出正确的“一个或多个可执行意图”的能力。
在一些示例中，除从STT处理模块730获取的字词或符号的序列之外，自然语言处理模块732还(例如，从I/O处理模块728)接收与用户请求相关联的上下文信息。自然语言处理模块732任选地使用上下文信息来明确、补充和/或进一步限定在从STT处理模块730接收的符号序列中包含的信息。上下文信息包括例如用户偏好，用户设备的硬件和/或软件状态，在用户请求之前、期间或之后不久收集的传感器信息，数字助理与用户之间的先前交互(例如，对话)，等等。如本文所述，在一些示例中，上下文信息是动态的，并且随对话的时间、位置、内容、以及其他因素而变化。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理基于例如知识本体760。知识本体760为包含许多节点的分级结构，每个节点表示“可执行意图”或与“可执行意图”或其他“属性”中的一者或多者相关的“属性”。如上所述，“可执行意图”表示数字助理能够执行的任务，即，该任务为“可执行的”或可被进行的。“属性”代表与可执行意图或另一属性的子方面相关联的参数。知识本体760中可执行意图节点与属性节点之间的连接定义由属性节点表示的参数如何从属于由可执行意图节点表示的任务。
在一些示例中，知识本体760由可执行意图节点和属性节点组成。在知识本体760内，每个可执行意图节点直接连接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点连接至一个或多个属性节点。类似地，每个属性节点直接连接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点连接至一个或多个可执行意图节点。例如，如图7C所示，知识本体760包括“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”(针对预订)和“同行人数”均直接连接至可执行意图节点(即，“餐厅预订”节点)。
此外，属性节点“菜系”、“价格区间”、“电话号码”和“位置”是属性节点“餐厅”的子节点，并且均通过中间属性节点“餐厅”连接至“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。又如，如图7C所示，知识本体760还包括“设定提醒”节点(即，另一个可执行意图节点)。属性节点“日期/时间”(针对设定提醒)和“主题”(针对提醒)均连接至“设定提醒”节点。由于属性“日期/时间”与进行餐厅预订的任务和设定提醒的任务二者相关，因此属性节点“日期/时间”连接至知识本体760中的“餐厅预订”节点和“设定提醒”节点二者。
可执行意图节点连同其连接的概念节点一起，被描述为“域”。在本讨论中，每个域与相应的可执行意图相关联，并涉及与特定可执行意图相关联的一组节点(以及这些节点之间的关系)。例如，图7C中示出的知识本体760包括在知识本体760内的餐厅预订域762的示例以及提醒域764的示例。餐厅预订域包括可执行意图节点“餐厅预订”、属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”和“同行人数”以及子属性节点“菜系”、“价格区间”、“电话号码”和“位置”。提醒域764包括可执行意图节点“设定提醒”和属性节点“主题”和“日期/时间”。在一些示例中，知识本体760由多个域组成。每个域与一个或多个其他域共享一个或多个属性节点。例如，除了餐厅预订域762和提醒域764之外，“日期/时间”属性节点还与许多不同域(例如，行程安排域、旅行预订域、电影票域等)相关联。
尽管图7C示出知识本体760内的两个示例性域，但其他域包括例如“查找电影”、“发起电话呼叫”、“查找方向”、“安排会议”、“发送消息”以及“提供问题的回答”、“阅读列表”、“提供导航指令”、“提供针对任务的指令”等。“发送消息”域与“发送消息”可执行意图节点相关联，并且进一步包括属性节点诸如“一个或多个接收人”、“消息类型”和“消息正文”。属性节点“接收人”进一步例如由子属性节点诸如“接收人姓名”和“消息地址”来限定。
在一些示例中，知识本体760包括数字助理能够理解并对其起作用的所有域(以及因而可执行意图)。在一些示例中，知识本体760诸如通过添加或移除整个域或节点，或者通过修改知识本体760内的节点之间的关系进行修改。
在一些示例中，将与多个相关可执行意图相关联的节点群集在知识本体760中的“超级域”下。例如，“旅行”超级域包括与旅行相关的属性节点和可执行意图节点的群集。与旅行相关的可执行意图节点包括“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”、“寻找感兴趣的点”，等等。同一超级域(例如，“旅行”超级域)下的可执行意图节点具有多个共用的属性节点。例如，针对“机票预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”和“寻找感兴趣的点”的可执行意图节点共享属性节点“起始位置”、“目的地”、“出发日期/时间”、“到达日期/时间”和“同行人数”中的一者或多者。
在一些示例中，知识本体760中的每个节点与跟由节点代表的属性或可执行意图有关的一组字词和/或短语相关联。与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语是所谓的与节点相关联的“词汇”。将与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语存储在与由节点所代表的属性或可执行意图相关联的词汇索引744中。例如，返回图7B，与“餐厅”属性的节点相关联的词汇包括字词诸如“美食”、“酒水”、“菜系”、“饥饿”、“吃”、“披萨”、“快餐”、“膳食”等。又如，与“发起电话呼叫”可执行意图的节点相关联的词汇包括字词和短语诸如“呼叫”、“打电话”、“拨打”、“与……通电话”、“呼叫该号码”、“打电话给”等。词汇索引744任选地包括不同语言的字词和短语。
自然语言处理模块732从STT处理模块730接收符号序列(例如，文本串)，并确定符号序列中的字词牵涉哪些节点。在一些示例中，如果发现符号序列中的字词或短语(经由词汇索引744)与知识本体760中的一个或多个节点相关联，则所述字词或短语“触发”或“激活”这些节点。基于已激活节点的数量和/或相对重要性，自然语言处理模块732选择可执行意图中的一个可执行意图作为用户意图使数字助理执行的任务。在一些示例中，选择具有最多“已触发”节点的域。在一些示例中，选择具有最高置信度(例如，基于其各个已触发节点的相对重要性)的域。在一些示例中，基于已触发节点的数量和重要性的组合来选择域。在一些示例中，在选择节点的过程中还考虑附加因素，诸如数字助理先前是否已正确解译来自用户的类似请求。
用户数据748包括特定于用户的信息，诸如特定于用户的词汇、用户偏好、用户地址、用户的默认语言和第二语言、用户的联系人列表，以及每位用户的其他短期或长期信息。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732使用特定于用户的信息来补充用户输入中所包含的信息以进一步限定用户意图。例如，针对用户请求“邀请我的朋友参加我的生日派对”，自然语言处理模块732能够访问用户数据748以确定“朋友”是哪些人以及“生日派对”将于何时何地举行，而不需要用户在其请求中明确地提供此类信息。
基于符号串搜索知识本体的其他细节在提交于2008年12月22日的名为“Methodand Apparatus for Searching Using An Active Ontology”的美国实用新型专利申请序列号12/341,743中有所描述，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，一旦自然语言处理模块732基于用户请求识别出可执行意图(或域)，自然语言处理模块732便生成结构化查询以表示所识别的可执行意图。在一些示例中，结构化查询包括针对可执行意图的域内的一个或多个节点的参数，并且所述参数中的至少一些参数填充有用户请求中指定的特定信息和要求。例如，用户说“帮我在寿司店预订晚上7点的座位。”在这种情况下，自然语言处理模块732能够基于用户输入将可执行意图正确地识别为“餐厅预订”。根据知识本体，“餐厅预订”域的结构化查询包括参数诸如{菜系}、{时间}、{日期}、{同行人数}等。在一些示例中，基于语音输入和使用STT处理模块730从语音输入得出的文本，自然语言处理模块732针对餐厅预订域生成部分结构化查询，其中部分结构化查询包括参数{菜系＝“寿司类”}以及{时间＝“晚上7点”}。然而，在该示例中，用户话语包含不足以完成与域相关联的结构化查询的信息。因此，基于当前可用信息，在结构化查询中未指定其他必要参数，诸如{同行人数}和{日期}。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732用所接收的上下文信息来填充结构化查询的一些参数。例如，在一些示例中，如果请求“附近的”寿司店，自然语言处理模块732用来自用户设备的GPS坐标来填充结构化查询中的{位置}参数。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732被配置为确定与使用具有已建立位置的设备执行任务相关联的用户意图(例如，可执行意图)。具体地讲，知识本体760包括与使用具有已建立位置的设备执行任务相关的域或节点。例如，知识本体760包括与控制与用户的家相关联的设备相关的“家庭”域、或与控制与用户的办公室相关联的设备相关的“办公室”域。词汇索引744包括与一个或多个已建立位置(例如，家庭、办公室、企业和公共机构)中的设备相关联的字词和短语。例如，字词和短语包括命令字词，诸如“设定”、“打开”、“锁定”、“激活”、“打印”、“开启”等。另外，字词和短语包括设备相关字词，诸如“门”、“恒温器”、“烤面包机”、“加湿器”等。在一些示例中，词汇索引包括查找表、模型或分类器，其使得自然语言处理模块732能够确定给定术语的一个或多个另选术语。例如，词汇索引744将术语“恒温器”映射到一个或多个另选术语，诸如“加热器”、“空调”、“A/C”、“HVAC”和“气候控制”。用户数据748包括一个或多个数据结构(例如，数据结构900)，每个数据结构表示具有相应已建立位置的一组设备。
为了确定与使用具有已建立位置的设备执行任务相关联的可执行意图，自然语言处理模块732被配置为确定一个或多个可能设备特征和对应于用户语音输入的一个或多个候选设备。自然语言处理模块732被进一步配置为确定一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个可能设备特征和实际设备特征所共有的重叠设备特征。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732被配置为确定用户语音输入中定义的一个或多个标准。基于识别用户语音输入中的条件术语(例如，“当......时”、“如果”、“一旦”、“在......时”等)来识别一个或多个标准。在一些示例中，确定一个或多个标准包括确定对应于用户语音输入中的模糊定性短语的定性标准。例如，自然语言处理模块732被配置为访问一个或多个知识来源以确定用户语音输入中的模糊定性短语“太热”对应于“大于90华氏度”的定性标准。例如，一个或多个知识来源可以包括将定性术语(例如，形容词)映射到可测量特征的特定值或范围的查找表。一个或多个知识来源存储在数字助理系统上(例如，在存储器702中)或远程系统上。在一些示例中，一个或多个标准与具有已建立位置的设备相关联。自然语言处理模块732被配置为使用知识本体760、词汇索引744以及存储在用户数据748中的一个或多个数据结构来确定与一个或多个标准相关联的设备。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732将所生成的结构化查询(包括任何已完成的参数)传送至任务流处理模块736(“任务流处理器”)。任务流处理模块736被配置为接收来自自然语言处理模块732的结构化查询，(必要时)完成结构化查询，以及执行“完成”用户最终请求所需的动作。在一些示例中，完成这些任务所必需的各种过程在任务流模型754中提供。在一些示例中，任务流模型754包括用于获取来自用户的附加信息的过程，以及用于执行与可执行意图相关联的动作的任务流。
如上所述，为了完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736需要发起与用户的附加对话，以便获取附加信息和/或弄清可能有歧义的话语。当有必要进行此类交互时，任务流处理模块736调用对话流处理模块734来参与同用户的对话。在一些示例中，对话流处理器模块734确定如何(和/或何时)向用户请求附加信息，并且接收和处理用户响应。通过I/O处理模块728将问题提供给用户并从用户接收回答。在一些示例中，对话处理模块734经由音频和/或视频输出向用户呈现对话输出，并接收经由口头或物理(例如，点击)响应的来自用户的输入。继续上述示例，在任务流处理模块736调用对话流处理模块734来确定针对与域“餐厅预订”相关联的结构化查询的“同行人数”和“日期”信息时，对话流处理模块734生成诸如“一行几位？”和“预订哪天？”之类的问题传递给用户。一旦收到来自用户的回答，对话流处理模块734就用缺失信息填充结构化查询，或将信息传递给任务流处理模块736以根据结构化查询完成缺失信息。
一旦任务流处理模块736已针对可执行意图完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736便开始执行与可执行意图相关联的最终任务。因此，任务流处理模块736根据结构化查询中包含的特定参数来执行任务流模型中的步骤和指令。例如，针对可执行意图“餐厅预订”的任务流模型包括用于联系餐厅并实际上请求在特定时间针对特定同行人数的预订的步骤和指令。例如，通过使用结构化查询诸如：{餐厅预订，餐厅＝ABC咖啡馆，日期＝2012/3/12，时间＝下午7点，同行人数＝5人}，任务流处理模块736可执行以下步骤：(1)登录到ABC咖啡馆的服务器或餐厅预订系统诸如(2)在网站上的表格中输入日期、时间和同行人数信息，(3)提交表格，以及(4)在用户日历中针对该预订制作日历条目。
在一些示例中，任务流处理模块736在服务处理模块738(“服务处理模块”)的辅助下完成用户输入中所请求的任务或者提供用户输入中所请求的信息性回答。例如，服务处理模块738代表任务流处理模块736发起电话呼叫、设定日历条目、调用地图搜索、调用用户设备上安装的其他用户应用程序或与所述其他应用程序进行交互，以及调用第三方服务(例如，餐厅预订门户网站、社交网站、银行门户网站等)或与第三方服务进行交互。在一些示例中，通过服务模型756中的相应服务模型指定每项服务所需的协议和应用程序编程接口(API)。服务处理模块738针对服务访问适当的服务模型，并依据服务模型根据该服务所需的协议和API生成针对该服务的请求。
例如，如果餐厅已启用在线预订服务，则餐厅提交服务模型，该服务模型指定进行预订的必要参数以及将必要参数的值传送至在线预订服务的API。在被任务流处理模块736请求时，服务处理模块738可使用存储在服务模型中的web地址来建立与在线预订服务的网络连接，并将预订的必要参数(例如，时间、日期、同行人数)以根据在线预订服务的API的格式发送至在线预订接口。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732、对话处理模块734以及任务流处理模块736被共同且反复地使用，以推断并限定用户的意图、获取信息以进一步明确并细化用户意图、并最终生成响应(即，输出至用户，或完成任务)以满足用户的意图。所生成的响应是至少部分地满足用户意图的对语音输入的对话响应。另外，在一些示例中，所生成的响应被输出为语音输出。在这些示例中，所生成的响应被发送到语音合成模块740(例如，语音合成器)，在语音合成模块中，可处理所生成的响应以将对话响应以语音形式合成。在其他示例中，所生成的响应是与满足语音输入中的用户请求相关的数据内容。
对于与使用一个或多个具有已建立位置的设备执行一个或多个任务相关联的可执行意图和结构化查询，服务处理模块738被配置为使得一个或多个具有已建立位置的设备执行一个或多个任务。例如，服务处理模块738被配置为(例如，经由网络110)向一个或多个具有已建立位置的设备提供指令或命令以使得所述一个或多个设备执行一个或多个任务。
语音合成模块740被配置为合成用于呈现给用户的语音输出。语音合成模块740基于数字助理提供的文本来合成语音输出。例如，所生成的对话响应是文本串的形式。语音合成模块740将文本串转换成可听语音输出。语音合成模块740使用任何适当语音合成技术，以便从文本生成语音输出，包括但不限于：拼接合成、单元选择合成、双音素合成、域特定合成、共振峰合成、发音合成、基于隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的合成，以及正弦波合成。在一些示例中，语音合成模块740被配置为基于对应于这些字词的音素串来合成各个字词。例如，音素串与所生成的对话响应中的字词相关联。音素串存储在与字词相关联的元数据中。语音合成模型740被配置为直接处理元数据中的音素串，以合成语音形式的字词。
在一些示例中，替代使用语音合成模块740(或除此之外)，在远程设备(例如，服务器系统108)上执行语音合成，并且将合成的语音发送至用户设备以输出给用户。例如，这可发生在一些具体实施中，其中在服务器系统处生成数字助理的输出。而且由于服务器系统通常比用户设备具有更强的处理能力或更多的资源，其有可能获得比客户端侧合成将实现的质量更高的语音输出。
有关数字助理的另外细节可见于提交于2011年1月10日的名称为“IntelligentAutomated Assistant”的美国实用新型专利申请号12/987,982和提交于2011年9月30日的名称为“Generating and Processing Task Items That Represent Tasks to Perform”的美国实用新型专利申请号13/251，088中，其全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
4、数字助理操作过程
图8示出了根据各种示例的操作数字助理的过程800。例如，过程800使用实现数字助理的一个或多个电子设备(例如，设备104,106,200,400或600)执行。在一些示例中，该过程在实现数字助理的客户端-服务器系统(例如，系统100)处执行。可通过任何方式在服务器(例如，DA服务器106)与客户端(例如，用户设备104)之间划分过程的框。在过程800中，一些框被任选地组合，一些框的顺序被任选地改变，并且一些框被任选地省略。在一些示例中，仅执行以下参考图8所述的特征或框的子集。
在框802处，接收表示用户请求的话语输入(例如，在麦克风213处或在I/O处理模块728处)。该话语输入是例如语音输入或文本输入。此外，该话语输入是例如自然语言的形式。在一些示例中，用户请求是对设备(例如，设备130,132,134或136)执行动作的请求。该设备是独立于且不同于接收或处理话语输入的电子设备(例如，设备104,106,200,400或600)的设备。在一些示例中，话语输入借以自然语言形式包含一个或多个模糊词语。一个或多个模糊词语例如各自具有不止一个可能解释。例如，话语输入是“将恒温器设定为60”。在该示例中，话语输入相对于限定用于执行所请求的动作的设备是模糊的。具体地讲，在已建立位置的上下文诸如用户的家中，可存在与术语“恒温器”相关联的若干个设备，诸如中央加热单元、卧室空间加热器或客厅空调单元。因此，关于用户在话语输入中提到的是哪个设备是模糊的。另外，在相同的示例中，话语输入相对于限定所请求的特定动作是模糊的。例如，已建立位置中的一个或多个设备能够调节温度和湿度。因此，话语输入对用户是否希望将设备温度调节为60华氏度或将设备湿度调节为60％相对湿度是模糊的。
在框804处，确定话语输入是否对应于与使用具有已建立位置(例如，用户的主住宅、用户的办公室、用户的度假屋等)的设备执行任务的可执行意图相关联的域。域是知识本体(例如，知识本体760)的域。在一个示例中，域是对应于控制已建立位置中的一个或多个设备的可执行意图的“自动化”域。例如使用自然语言处理(例如，利用自然语言处理模块732、词汇744和用户数据748)执行框804处的确定。例如，在“将恒温器设定为60”的示例中，可基于话语输入很可能对应于控制用户家中的设备的可执行意图的字词“设定”、“恒温器”和“60”来确定。在该示例中，可执行意图因此与“自动化”域相关联。
如图8所示，响应于确定话语输入对应于与使用具有已建立位置的设备执行任务的可执行意图相关联的域，执行框806。具体地讲，响应于确定话语输入对应于与使用具有已建立位置的设备执行任务的可执行意图相关联的域，自动执行框806而不需要来自用户的进一步输入。另选地，响应于确定话语输入不对应于与使用具有已建立位置的设备执行任务的可执行意图相关联的域，执行框805。具体地讲，在框805处，过程800放弃检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构。
在框806处，检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构。在一些示例中，从用户设备检索数据结构(例如，用户设备200的用户数据和模型231)。在其他示例中，从服务器(例如，DA服务器106的数据和模型116)检索数据结构。数据结构例如限定已建立位置中的多个区域之间的分级关系。数据结构进一步限定该组设备中的每个设备相对于多个区域的关系。
建立位置是与建立机构诸如商业组织、家庭或公共机构相关联的位置。例如，已建立位置与提供话语输入的用户(例如，用户的家庭、用户的工作地或用户的度假屋)相关联。在其他示例中，已建立位置与公共机构(例如，教堂、学校或图书馆)相关联。在其他示例中，已建立位置与商业(例如，商店、公司办公室、餐馆等)相关联。
在一些示例中，过程800确定要从多个数据结构中检索哪个数据结构。多个数据结构中的每个数据结构与相应的已建立位置相关联。过程800确定对应于话语输入的位置。例如，过程800在接收到话语输入时(例如，使用GPS模块235)确定用户设备的位置。然后基于该用户设备的位置识别已建立位置。例如，在一个示例中，确定用户设备的位置对应于用户家庭的位置。基于所确定的已建立位置，从多个数据结构识别和检索对应的数据结构。例如，识别和检索表示用户家中的设备的数据结构。
图9是根据各种示例的示出表示已建立位置的一组设备的示例性数据结构900的分级图。如图所示，数据结构900包括跨层级960-968以分级结构组织的多个节点902-950。节点902-950的组织限定如何使已建立位置的各种设备(例如，车库门、后门、中央恒温器、空间加热器和儿子的灯)与已建立位置的各种区域(例如，楼层1、楼层2、车库、客厅、主卧室和儿子的卧室)相关。具体地讲，层级960-964的节点限定如何组织已建立位置的各种区域。层级960的根节点表示已建立位置(例如，John家)，并且层级962的节点表示已建立位置的主区域(例如，楼层1和楼层2)。层级964的节点表示每个主区域内的子区域。在本示例中，子区域包括John家中的独立房间或起居区域(车库、客厅、主卧室和儿子的卧室)。虽然在本示例中，数据结构900包括用于主区域的一个层级(层级960)和用于子区域的一个层级(层级964)，但是应当认识到，在其他示例中，数据结构包括任何数量的层级用于组织已建立位置的各种区域。
层级966的节点限定与层级964的每个区域相关联的设备。例如，节点926和节点928指示存在与John家的车库相关联的车库门设备和后门设备。类似地，节点930指示恒温器与John家的客厅相关联。由节点908-914表示的设备与图1的设备130-136类似或相同。例如，由节点908-914表示的设备经由一个或多个网络(例如，网络110)通信地耦接到电子设备(例如，用户设备104)或服务器(例如，DA服务器106)。电子设备经由一个或多个网络提供命令，使得节点908-914的一个或多个设备执行由用户定义的动作。
层级968的节点限定与层级966的每个设备相关联的实际设备特征。例如，节点936指示车库门设备具有“位置”的实际设备特征。类似地，节点938指示后门设备具有“锁定”的实际设备特征。实际设备特征描述例如可使用电子设备(例如，设备104,200,400或600)控制的设备的实际功能或特征。例如，可通过控制车库门设备来改变车库门的“位置”，或者可通过控制后门设备来“锁定”或“解锁”后门。
数据结构900的每个节点包括一个或多个存储的属性。例如，如图9所示，用户定义标识符(ID)与层级960-966的每个节点相关联地存储。具体地讲，节点902包括描述已建立位置的用户定义的ID“John家”。类似地，节点904-914中的每个节点包括描述已建立位置的相应区域的用户定义的ID。例如，节点912包括用户定义的ID“主卧室”，并且节点914包括用户定义的ID“儿子的卧室”。此外，节点926-934中的每个节点包括描述相应设备的用户定义的ID。例如，节点930包括用户定义的ID“中央恒温器”，并且节点934包括用户定义的ID“儿子的灯”。在一些示例中，仅存储在用户设备(例如，用户设备104)上的数据结构包括用户定义的ID。存储在服务器(例如，DA服务器106)上的数据结构包括例如通用ID，诸如用于表示已建立位置中的区域的节点的通用ID“区域1”或“区域2”，以及用于表示设备的节点的“设备1”或“设备2”。在其他示例中，数据结构中的每个设备和每个区域相对于与所接收的话语输入相关联的临时会话密钥来识别。这是在数据结构存储在服务器上时保存用户信息的理想选择。
节点902-934中的每个节点还包存储属性(未示出)，所述存储属性定义了例如已建立位置中的每个区域的区域类型或已建立位置中的每个设备的设备类型。例如，“主卧室”(节点912)和“儿子的卧室”(节点914)各自具有的区域类型为“卧室”。类似地，“中央恒温器”(节点930)具有的设备类型为“恒温器”，并且“儿子的灯”(节点934)具有的设备类型为“光照”。区域类型和设备类型是基于标准区域类型和设备类型的列表的标准化描述。区域类型的其他示例包括“地下室”、“储藏室”、“阁楼”、“厨房”等。设备类型的其他示例包括“门锁”、“加湿器”、“音乐播放器”、“烤面包机”等。
节点926-934进一步包括指示每个设备相对于相关设备特征的操作状态的附加存储属性。例如，“车库门”(节点936)对于设备特征“位置”具有操作状态“打开”或“关闭”。在另一个示例中，“中央恒温器”(节点930)对于设备特征“温度”具有操作状态“73华氏度”，并且相对于设备特征“湿度”具有操作状态“60％”。操作状态的附加示例包括相对于设备特征“锁”的“锁定”或“解锁”(例如，对于门锁设备)，相对于设备特征“电源”的“开”或“关”(例如，对于音乐播放器设备)，以及相对于设备特征“亮度”的“75％”(例如，对于可调光照设备)。
基于从具有已建立位置的设备接收的用户输入和/或数据来创建数据结构(例如，使用设备104或设备200或服务器系统108)。例如，用户设备提供使用户能够输入用于创建数据结构的信息的用户界面。具体地讲，用户设备经由用户界面接收关于已建立位置中的各种区域和具有已建立位置的各种设备的信息。另外，用户设备接收将具有已建立位置的特定设备与已建立位置的一个或多个区域相关联的信息。例如，经由用户界面接收的用户输入在已建立位置中定义名为“主卧室”(例如，节点912)的区域和名为“空间加热器”的设备。用户输入进一步将“空间加热器”设备与“主卧室”区域相关联。在一些示例中，基于从已建立位置的各个设备接收到的数据来自动填充数据结构中的信息。例如，已建立位置的每个设备向用户设备传输与所述已建立位置的设备相关联的各种属性。具体地讲，将设备ID、设备特征、操作状态或设备类型传输到用户设备。然后，用户设备将该数据自动填充到相应的数据结构中。
在一些示例中，该用户设备的数字助理基于关于具有已建立位置的各种设备接收到的信息，自动提出对数据结构的添加或修改。所接收的信息例如包括限定具有设备ID“卧室1_灯”的建立位置的第一设备和具有设备ID“卧室1_收音机”的具有已建立位置的第二设备的设备信息。基于第一设备和第二设备的设备ID中的每一个的通用短语“卧室1”，过程800确定两个设备很可能与已建立位置中的共用区域“卧室1”相关联。除此之外或另选地，所接收的信息包括第一设备和第二设备的位置信息。例如，位置信息指示第一设备和第二设备设置在已建立位置的共用区域内。在另一示例中，位置信息指示第一设备和第二设备定位在已建立位置中隔开的阈值距离内。基于位置信息，相对于已建立位置的一个或多个区域来确定第一设备和第二设备之间的关系。例如，确定第一设备和第二设备与已建立位置的“卧室1”区域相关联。基于第一设备和第二设备之间所确定的关系向用户提供表明对数据结构进行修改的提示。例如，提供提示询问用户“您想创建包括设备‘卧室1_灯’和‘卧室1_收音机’的房间‘卧室1’吗？”。响应于所提供的提示来接收用户输入(例如，对用户界面按钮的选择)。用户输入确认由提示提出的修改。响应于接收用户输入，修改数据结构以相对于已建立位置定义第一设备和第二设备之间所确定的关系。例如，在数据结构中创建表示已建立位置中的区域“卧室1”的节点。此外，将表示设备“卧室1_灯”和“卧室1_收音机”的节点与表示区域“卧室1”的节点相关联。
应当理解，上述数据结构900是表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构的非限制性示例，并且鉴于上述描述，数据结构900的各种修改和变化是可能的。例如，数据结构可包括任意数量的嵌套层次的节点。在一些示例中，任选地移除数据结构900中的一个或多个层次的节点，和/或任选地添加附加层次的节点。在一个示例中，在数据结构900中任选地移除层级962的节点，并且层级964的节点直接嵌套在根节点902之下。在其他示例中，任选地将表示子区域的一个或多个附加层级的节点添加到数据结构900。具体地讲，任选地将表示子区域的一个或多个附加层级的节点包括在数据结构900的层级962和964之间或层级964和966之间。此外，应当认识到，在一些示例中，表示设备的节点不需要嵌套在表示主区域或子区域的节点之下。例如，在一些示例中，数据结构900中的节点926-934中的任一节点任选地直接嵌套在根节点960或层级962的节点之下。
在框808处，确定对应于话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征。具体地讲，解析和分析话语输入的字词以识别与话语输入中的字词和/或短语相关的可能设备特征。例如，使用自然语言处理模块(例如，自然语言处理模块732)，利用适当的模型和词汇(例如，词汇744)来执行框808。具体地讲，自然语言处理模块的机器学习分类器例如处理话语输入的字词且确定与字词相关联的可能设备特征。在一个示例中，话语输入是“打开门”。在该示例中，词语“打开”和“门”被确定为对应于“位置”和“锁定/解锁”的可能设备特征。
在一些示例中，最初单独分析话语输入的每个词语。例如，参考图10A，话语输入1002是“将恒温器设定为60％”。在该示例中，词语“设定”被确定为对应于包括“温度”、“湿度”、“亮度”、“体积”和“速度”的第一组可能设备特征1004。词语“恒温器”被确定为对应于包括“温度”和“湿度”的第二组可能设备特征1006。词语“60”被确定为对应于包括“温度”、“湿度”和“亮度”的第三组可能设备特征1008。词语“百分比”被确定为对应于包括“亮度”和“湿度”的第四组可能设备特征1010。
一个或多个可能设备特征是基于对应于话语输入中的单独词语的可能设备特征组(例如，1004，1006，1008,1010)确定的。例如，在框808处确定的一个或多个可能设备特征是可能设备特征的组合。在一些示例中，一个或多个可能设备特征是基于可能设备特征组中的每个可能设备特征的频率确定的。例如，一个或多个可能设备特征被确定为包括可能设备特征“湿度”，该可能设备特征具有跨可能设备特征组1004,1006，1008，1010的最大频率。
在一些示例中，一个或多个可能设备特征是基于可能设备特征(例如，1004,1006,1008,1010)组中的每个可能设备特征的普遍性确定的。普遍性是指由用户群体请求与设备特征相关联的动作的频率。例如，如果与“温度”相关的动作比与其他设备特征相关的动作被更频繁地请求，则在框808处确定一个或多个可能设备特征时，可能设备特征“温度”具有更大的权重。在其他示例中，基于话语输入中的每个词语的突出性来确定一个或多个可能设备特征。例如，词语“恒温器”在话语输入中的词语间具有最大的突出性，并且因此在框808处确定一个或多个可能设备特征时，可能设备特征组1006比其他可能设备特征组具有更大的权重。因此，在该示例中，一个或多个可能设备特征更有可能包括来自可能设备特征组1006的“温度”和“湿度”的可能设备特征。
在框810处，基于数据结构确定该组设备中的一个或多个候选设备。一个或多个候选设备对应于话语输入。在一些示例中，使用自然语言处理模块(例如，自然语言处理模块732)，基于合适的模型和词汇(例如，词汇744)执行框808。具体地讲，自然语言处理模块的机器学习分类器例如处理话语输入的字词且从最可能对应于话语输入的数据结构中的该组设备确定候选设备。例如，在话语输入为“将恒温器设定为60％”的情况下，话语输入中的字词“恒温器”被认为是与数据结构中的节点的各种属性和ID相关且与之相比较(例如，基于语义或语法相似性)来确定对应于话语输入的候选设备。具体地讲，基于话语输入中的字词“恒温器”，将设备“中央恒温器”(例如，节点930)和“小型取暖器”(例如，节点932)确定为一个或多个候选设备。
在另一示例中，话语输入是“将客厅设定为60％”。在该示例中，字词“客厅”被认为是与数据结构中的节点的各种属性和ID相关且与之相比较。在该示例中，话语输入中的“客厅”被确定为对应于在数据结构900中限定的“客厅”区域(例如，节点910)。因为“客厅”区域(例如，节点910)与数据结构900中的“中央恒温器”设备(例如，节点930)相关联，所以确定一个或多个候选设备包括“中央恒温器设备”。
在一些示例中，基于从话语输入中的一个或多个词语得出的一个或多个另选词语来确定一个或多个候选设备。返回话语输入示例“将恒温器设定为60％”，确定与“恒温器”相关联的一个或多个另选词语。具体地讲，“恒温器”被确定为与另选词语“加热器”、“A/C、“散热器”、“调节器”、“温度计”和“加湿器”相关联。在该示例中，另选词语用于搜索数据结构的节点以确定一个或多个候选设备。例如，具有用户限定的设备ID“John的加热器”和“办公室A/C”的设备是基于另选词语识别的，并且设备包括于在框808处确定的一个或多个候选设备中。
在一些示例中，一个或多个另选词语基于通常用于指代动作或设备的短语。例如，话语输入“打开门”通常可表达为“打开后面”、“打开后门”、“打开后锁”、“打开锁”、“打开门锁”或“打开门闩。”在该示例中，词语“门”被确定为与另选词语“后”、“后门”、“锁”、“门锁”、“后锁”、“后门锁”和“门闩”相关联。使用另选词语从数据结构识别候选设备。例如，与用户限定的ID相关联的设备或在数据结构中包含另选词语“后”、“锁”或“后门”的其他属性被识别为一个或多个候选设备且包括在一个或多个候选设备中。
使用查找表、模型或分类器确定一个或多个另选词语。具体地讲，查找表、模型或分类器将词语与一个或多个另选词语相关联。该关联是基于语义映射。在一些示例中，关联是用户限定的。例如，在框802处接收到话语输入之前，接收限定另选词语的用户输入。用户输入可例如包括陈述“‘电视机’可称为‘电视’。”的话语。基于用户输入，更新相关的查找表、模型或分类器，使得“电视机”与另选词语“电视”相关联，反之亦然。因此，一个或多个另选词语基于所接收的用户输入。
在一些示例中，使用检索到的上下文信息确定一个或多个候选设备。在一个示例中，话语输入是“打开John的灯”。过程800确定“灯”与数据结构中表示的光照设备相关联。然而，在数据结构中可表示有几种光照设备。在该示例中，检索到的上下文信息用于减少所识别的候选设备的数量。具体地讲，词语“John”被确定为与联系人信息相关联，并且作为响应，根据词语“John”搜索用户设备上的联系人信息。通过搜索联系人信息，检索到指示用户具有名为“John”的儿子的信息。因此，基于该检索到的联系人信息来确定一个或多个候选设备。具体地讲，过程800从数据结构识别出已建立位置包括与光照设备“儿子的灯”(例如，节点934)相关联的名为“儿子的卧室”的区域(例如，图9中的节点914)。因此，在该示例中，确定一个或多个候选设备包括儿子的卧室中的设备“儿子的灯”。
应认识到，在一些示例中，框808或810整合到框812中。例如，作为在框812处确定用户意图的一部分来执行框808或810。
在框812处，确定对应于话语输入的用户意图。用户意图是指用户在提供话语输入时的推断意图。例如，用户意图是上面参考图7B描述的可执行意图。在特定示例中，对应于话语输入“打开门”的推断用户意图是使用户的房屋的后门解锁。用户意图是基于框808的一个或多个可能设备特征和框810的一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征确定的。
在一些示例中，在框812处确定用户意图包括从一个或多个候选设备中确定一个设备。具体地讲，候选设备被缩减至用户最可能提及的设备。这是基于一个或多个可能设备特征和框810的一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征确定的。例如，确定在一个或多个可能设备特征与一个或多个实际设备特征之间共有的一个或多个重叠设备特征，并且设备是基于重叠设备特征确定的。
在图10B所示的示例中，基于话语输入“将恒温器设定为60％”，一个或多个候选设备被确定为包括“中央恒温器”(例如，节点930)和“小型取暖器”(例如，节点932)。根据数据结构900，候选设备“中央恒温器”的实际设备特征包括“温度”和“湿度”，并且候选设备“小型取暖器”的实际设备特征包括“温度”和“风扇速度”。另外，基于可能设备特征组1004-1010中的频繁最高的设备特征，对应于话语输入“将恒温器设定为60％”的一个或多个可能设备特征被确定为“湿度”(图10A)。因此，在该示例中，一个或多个可能设备特征和一个或多个实际设备特征之间共有的一个或多个重叠设备特征被确定为“湿度”。由于重叠设备特征“湿度”对应于“中央恒温器”(例如，节点930)的设备特征，而不是“小型取暖器”(例如，节点932)的任何设备特征，因此一个或多个候选设备被缩减为用户房屋的客厅中的“中央恒温器”(例如，节点930)。因此基于设备“中央恒温器”(例如，节点930)来确定用户意图。具体来说，基于设备“中央恒温器”、重叠设备特征“湿度”和话语输入中的字词“60％”，确定用户意图是将用户的客厅中的中央恒温器的湿度设定点编程为值60％。
在一些示例中，确定不止一个候选用户意图。例如，可能无法基于一个或多个重叠特征将候选设备缩减至到单个设备。在这样的一个示例中，基于话语输入“打开门”，确定一个或多个可能设备特征包括“位置”和“锁”。另外，基于数据结构900，分别具有实际设备特征“位置”和“锁”的候选设备“车库门”(例如节点926)和“后门”(例如，节点928)被确定为对应于该话语输入。在该示例中，一个或多个可能设备特征和一个或多个实际设备特征之间共有的重叠设备特征被确定为包括“位置”和“锁”。因此，无法基于这些重叠设备特征来缩减候选设备“车库门”(例如，节点926)和“后门”(例如，节点928)。具体地讲，基于候选设备“车库门”(例如，节点926)和“后门”(例如，节点928)、重叠设备特征“位置”和话语输入中的字词“打开”确定了两个用户意图。第一候选用户意图是激活车库门电机以使车库门升起而打开。第二候选用户意图是解锁车库的后门入口。在该示例中，需要附加信息才能消除用户意图的歧义。具体地讲，数字助理从第一候选用户意图和第二候选用户意图检索附加信息以确定单个用户意图。在一些示例中，数字助理响应于确定使用数据结构无法消除歧义的不止一个候选用户意图来自动检索附加信息。
在一些示例中，基于在接收到话语输入时用户的位置来消除用户意图的歧义。例如，确定用户相对于已建立位置中的区域的相对位置。然后基于所确定的相对位置确定用户意图。例如，继续“打开门”的话语输入，在接收到话语输入时确定用户比后门(例如，节点928)更靠近车库门(例如，节点926)。基于来自用户设备的位置数据(例如，GPS数据等)或来自设置在已建立位置或周围的各种传感器(例如，接近传感器、图像传感器、红外传感器、运动传感器等)的数据来确定用户的相对位置。例如，触发在车库门前方的运动传感器，并且因此，基于从运动传感器获得的数据确定用户在车库门前面的车道上、在房屋外面。因为用户比后门更靠近车库门，因此确定第一候选用户意图比第二候选用户意图更有可能。因此，用户意图被确定为激活车库门电机使车库门升起而打开。
在其他示例中，基于候选设备的操作状态来消除用户意图的歧义。具体地讲，获得一个或多个候选设备中的每一个的操作状态。在一些示例中，从数据结构获得操作状态。在一些示例中，具有已建立位置的设备将其操作状态(例如，周期性地或在操作状态发生改变时)传输到用户设备，并且在数据结构中更新操作状态。返回话语输入是“打开门”的示例，从数据结构获得车库门(例如，节点926)和后门(例如，节点928)的操作状态。操作状态指示例如车库门已经打开，但后门被锁上。因为车库门已经打开，所以确定在车库处解锁后门入口的第二候选用户意图比激活车库门电机以使车库门升起而打开的第一候选用户意图更有可能。因此，基于所获得的车库门和后门的操作状态，确定用户意图是在车库处解锁后门入口。
在其他示例中，基于与相应候选用户意图相关联的每个动作的突出性来消除用户意图的歧义。例如，确定与打开车库门相关联的第一突出性和与解锁后门相关联的第二突出性。在本示例中，第一突出性大于第二突出性，因为相较于请求打开车库门来说，更少用户会请求解锁后门。另外，车库门被认为是车库的一个比后门更显著的特征。然后，为候选用户意图排序。具体地讲，基于第一突出性大于第二突出性，激活车库门电机以使车库门升起而打开的第一候选用户意图的排序高于在车库处解锁后门的第二候选用户意图。由于第一候选用户意图具有较高排序，用户意图被确定为激活车库门电机以使车库门升起而打开。
在一些示例中，基于来自用户的附加信息来消除用户意图的歧义。例如，在用户设备上输出对话(例如，语音或文本)。该对话请求与该用户意图有关的用户进行澄清。例如，对话询问用户用户是希望“打开车库门”还是“解锁后门入口”。接收响应于该输出对话的用户输入。例如，用户输入是对经由用户设备的用户界面接收的“打开车库门”的用户意图的选择。基于用户输入，消除了用户意图在第一候选用户意图和第二候选用户意图之间的歧义。具体地讲，与用户的选择一致的是，用户意图被确定为激活车库门电机以使车库门升起而打开。应当理解，基于来自用户的附加信息消除歧义造成用户混乱，并且在某些情况下可能会对用户体验产生不利影响。因此，在一些示例中，仅当无法基于其他可用信息来源(例如，上下文信息、候选设备的操作状态、动作的突出性、用户的位置等)消除用户意图的歧义时，才提示用户将消除用户意图歧义的附加信息作为最后手段执行。例如，基于用户设备可访问的信息，确定两个或更多个候选用户意图是否消除了歧义。仅响应于基于用户设备可访问的信息确定两个或更多个候选用户意图无法消除歧义，输出请求附加信息的对话。
在框814处，提供使得一个或多个候选设备中的设备执行对应于用户意图的动作的指令。具体地讲，对于示例性话语输入“将恒温器设定为60％”，所提供的指令使得“中央恒温器”(例如，节点930)将其湿度设定点改变为60％。对于另一示例性话语输入“打开门”，所提供的指令使得车库门电机升起车库门而使其打开。在一些示例中，指令被直接传输到相应设备(例如，恒温器或车库门电机)以使得设备执行相关动作。在其他示例中，指令被传输到用户设备，并且指令使得用户设备向相应设备传输命令以执行相关动作。
在一些示例中，响应于接收到用户确认而提供指令。具体地讲，在提供指令之前，输出确认要执行的动作和执行该动作的设备的对话(例如，语音或文本)。例如，对话询问用户“您要将客厅恒温器的湿度设定为60％吗？”或“要打开车库门吗？”接收响应于该输出对话的用户输入。用户输入确认或拒绝该输出对话。在一个示例中，用户输入是语音输入“是”。响应于接收到确认输出对话的用户输入，提供指令。相反，响应于接收到拒绝输出对话的用户输入，过程800放弃提供指令。
在一些示例中，用户对用户设备进行编程以识别导致建立位置中的多个设备的操作状态以预先确定的方式设定的自定义命令。多个设备的这组预先确定的操作状态称为场景。例如，用户创建自定义场景命令“派对时间”，其中响应于接收到这个自定义命令，提供使得客厅音乐播放器开启、客厅灯调至15％的亮度和客厅迪斯科球开启的指令。这些客厅音乐播放器、客厅灯和客厅迪斯科球的这些预定义的操作状态与自定义场景命令“派对时间”相关联地存储。
在一些示例中，根据一个事件，数字助理检测用于设定多个设备的操作状态的一个或多个用户输入，然后提示用户创建对应自定义场景命令。例如，一个或多个用户输入由用户提供以例如开启厨房和客厅灯，将恒温器设定为75度且开启客厅电视机。在一些示例中，通过检测设备的操作状态中的一个或多个对应改变来检测一个或多个用户输入。另外，一个或多个用户输入与用户到家的事件相关联。例如，在检测到与用户到家相关的一个或多个事件之后，在预先确定的持续时间内检测一个或多个用户输入。一个或多个事件包括例如检测在车库中被激活的接近传感器或检测正在打开的后门入口。响应于检测到与事件相关联的一个或多个用户输入，提供提示。提示询问用户是否希望存储与自定义场景命令相关联的多个设备的相应操作状态。例如，提示是“我注意到，在到家后，你开启了厨房和客厅灯，将恒温器设定为75度，并开启了客厅电视机。你想用这些设备设定创建一个“到家”场景吗？”接收响应于该提示的用户输入。例如，用户确认或拒绝用于创建与多个设备的一组操作状态相关联的自定义场景命令的提示。响应于接收到确认该提示的用户输入，与自定义场景命令相关联地存储多个设备的相应操作状态，使得响应于接收到自定义场景命令，用户设备使得多个设备被设定为响应操作状态。相反，响应于接收到拒绝该提示的用户输入，过程800放弃与自定义场景命令相关联地存储多个设备的相应操作状态。
在一些示例中，数字助理与现有场景相关联地检测使得该组设备中的附加设备被设定为特定操作状态的用户输入，然后提示用户将现有场景修改为包括将附加设备设定为特定操作状态。例如，从用户接收到场景命令“派对时间”，并且响应于接收到场景命令，提供使得客厅音乐播放器打开、客厅灯调至15％的亮度和客厅迪斯科球开启的指令。然后，在接收到“派对时间”场景命令的预先确定的持续时间内，检测到使得客厅空调被设定为70度的用户输入。例如，检测到客厅空调的设定点改变为70度。响应于检测到用户输入，向用户提供提示。提示询问用户是否希望与自定义场景命令“派对时间”相关联地存储客厅空调设备的操作状态“70度”。例如，提示询问“您是否想在“派对时间”场景中添加将客厅空调设定为70度？”接收到响应于该提示的用户输入。用户输入确认或拒绝该提示。响应于接收到确认该提示的用户输入，客厅空调设备的操作状态“70度”与自定义“场景”命令相关联地存储。在存储后，响应于接收到自定义场景命令“派对时间”，(例如，由用户设备或服务器)提供使得客厅音乐播放器开启、客厅等调至15％的亮度、客厅迪斯科球开启、客厅的空调被设定为70度的指令。相反，响应于接收到拒绝该提示的用户输入，过程800放弃与自定义“场景”命令相关联地存储客厅空调设备的操作状态“70度”。
图11示出了根据各种示例的用于操作数字助理的过程1100。例如，过程1100使用实现数字助理的一个或多个电子设备(例如，设备104,106,200，400或600)执行。在一些示例中，该过程在实现数字助理的客户端-服务器系统(例如，系统100)处执行。可通过任何方式在服务器(例如，DA服务器106)与客户端(例如，用户设备104)之间划分该过程的框。在过程1100中，一些框被任选地组合，一些框的顺序被任选地改变，并且一些框被任选地省略。在一些示例中，仅执行以下参考图11所述的特征或框的子集。另外，普通技术人员将了解到，上述过程800的细节也以类似的方式适用于下述过程1100。例如，过程1100可选地包括上述过程800的特征中的一个或多个特征(反之亦然)。为了简洁起见，下面不再重复这些细节。
在框1102处，接收表示用户请求的话语输入。框1102与上述框802类似或完全相同。例如，话语输入是语音输入或文本输入，并且呈自然语言形式。在一些示例中，用户请求限定对具有已建立位置的设备(例如，设备130,132，134或136)执行动作的请求。另外，用户请求限定在执行动作之前需要满足的标准。在一些示例中，该标准与具有已建立位置的第二设备相关联。例如，话语输入是“在达到80度时关闭百叶窗”。
在框1104处，确定话语输入是否与具有已建立位置的设备有关。具体地讲，该确定包括确定话语输入是否正在请求具有已建立位置的设备执行动作。框1104与上述框804类似或完全相同。例如，确定话语输入是否对应于与可执行意图相关联的域，所述可执行意图是使用具有已建立位置的设备执行任务。如果话语输入被确定为对应于这个域，那么话语输入被确定为与具有已建立位置的设备相关。响应于确定话语输入与具有已建立位置的设备相关，执行框1106。相反，响应于确定话语输入与具有已建立位置的设备无关，执行框1105。具体地讲，在框1105处，过程1100放弃检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构。
在框1106，检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构。框1106与上述框806类似或完全相同。具体地讲，从用户设备检索数据结构(例如，用户设备200的用户数据和模型231)或从服务器检索数据结构(例如，DA服务器106的数据和模型116)。在一些示例中，数据结构限定已建立位置中的多个区域之间的分级关系。数据结构进一步限定该组设备中的每个设备相对于多个区域的关系。数据结构与参考图9描述的数据结构900类似或完全相同。
在框1108处，使用在框1106检索到的数据结构来确定对应于话语输入的用户意图。使用自然语言处理(例如，利用自然语言处理模块732、词汇744和用户数据748)执行框1108。用户意图与要由具有已建立位置的设备执行的动作相关联。确定用户意图因此包括基于话语输入和数据结构来确定要由设备执行的动作(例如，如框812所述)。例如，从“在达到80度时关闭百叶窗”的话语输入且基于数据结构，确定要由设备执行的动作是致动百叶窗使得百叶窗关闭。
确定要由设备执行的动作包括确定对应于话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征(例如，如框808所述)。例如，基于话语输入中的短语“关闭百叶窗”，确定一个或多个可能设备特征包括“位置”。确定要由设备执行的动作进一步包括基于数据结构来确定对应于话语输入的建立位置的一个或多个候选设备(例如，如框810所述)。例如，基于话语输入中的短语“关闭百叶窗”，确定一个或多个候选设备包括在数据结构中表示的具有操作状态“打开”的一个或多个“百叶窗”。然后，从一个或多个候选设备确定执行该动作的设备。例如，基于在一个或多个可能设备特征与一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征之间共有的一个或多个重叠设备特征，从一个或多个候选设备确定该设备(例如，如框812所述)。在需要消除多个动作或设备之间的歧义的示例中，检索附加信息(例如，上下文信息、候选设备的操作状态、动作的突出性，用户位置等)。如上文在框812中所讨论的，附加信息用于消除多个动作或设备之间的歧义，并且确定要由具有已建立位置的设备执行的预期动作。
要由具有已建立位置的设备执行的动作包括使得设备的至少一部分改变位置。具体地讲，该动作包括致动设备以使得设备的至少一部分改变位置。例如，基于“在达到80度时关闭百叶窗”的话语输入，动作被确定为包括致动百叶窗以使得百叶窗从打开位置改变为关闭位置。类似地，对于话语输入“在我进入房屋后关闭车库门”，动作被确定为包括致动车库电机以使得车库门从打开位置改变为关闭位置。
在一些示例中，要由设备执行的动作使得设备锁定或解锁。例如，基于“在园丁到达时打开门”的话语输入，确定动作包括解锁建立位置的侧门。对应于使得具有已建立位置的设备锁定或解锁的动作的其他示例话语输入包括“在我离开房屋时锁上保险箱”或“在我睡觉时锁上所有门窗”。
在一些示例中，要由设备执行的动作使得设备将被激活或去激活。例如，基于“在我离开房屋时打开安保装置”的话语输入，确定动作包括启动房屋安保装置。使得设备激活或去激活的其他示例性动作包括打开或关闭设备的电源，使得设备置于“活动”模式或“睡眠”模式，或者使得设备“设防”或“撤防”。
在一些示例中，要由设备执行的动作使得设备的设定点改变。例如，基于“在我回家时将恒温器设定为76”的话语输入，动作被确定为包括使得恒温器的温度设定点改变。使得设备的设定点改变的其他示例性动作包括设定加湿器的湿度或设定烤箱的温度。在其他示例中，要由设备执行的动作使得设备的参数值改变。例如，动作使得音乐播放器的音量级别改变为特定值(例如，1至10)，使得风扇的风扇速度改变为特定设置(例如，高、中、低)，使得喷洒站的喷洒持续时间改变为特定持续时间，或者使得窗户打开一定的百分比。在一些示例中，在话语输入中使用相对或有歧义的词语来限定该动作。例如，在话语输入“随着火车经过使电视机的声音越来越大”中，“越来越大”一词是有歧义的相对词语。过程1100可以确定对应于具有相对或有歧义的词语的这种话语输入的明确动作。具体地讲，在本示例中，过程1100可以确定动作包括使电视机的音量级别相对于当前音量级别或相对于检测到的环境噪声水平增加预先确定的量。
在一些示例中，用户意图与在执行动作之前满足的标准相关联。在这些示例中，确定用户意图进一步包括基于话语输入和数据结构来确定要在执行动作之前要满足的标准。例如，返回“在达到80度时关闭百叶窗”的话语输入，基于话语输入和数据结构确定要在关闭百叶窗之前满足的标准是在建立位置的特定温度传感器处检测到温度值等于或大于80华氏度。
该标准与建立位置的第二设备的设备特征相关联。例如，话语输入“在达到80度时关闭百叶窗”的标准与已建立位置的温度传感器的设备特征“温度”相关联。确定用户意图包括基于话语输入和数据结构来确定与标准相关联的第二设备的设备特征。以与上文在框808-812所述的类似的方式确定第二设备。具体地讲，从话语输入的限定标准的部分确定一个或多个第二可能设备特征和一个或多个第二候选设备。然后，基于一个或多个第二可能设备特征与一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征共有的一个或多个第二重叠设备特征确定第二设备(例如，如框812所述)。另外，在一些示例中，当确定第二设备时，考虑第二设备相对于执行动作的设备的关系。例如，如果存在无法基于数据结构而消除歧义的两个恒温器，则第二设备被确定为定位在更靠近百叶窗的位置或与百叶窗相相同的区域相关联的恒温器。
在一些示例中，该标准与第二设备的操作状态相关联。具体地讲，该标准包括第二设备的操作状态为参考操作状态的要求。例如，话语输入为“当车库门打开时将恒温器设为72度”。在该示例中，该标准为检测到车库门具有操作状态“打开”。更具体地讲，该标准包括第二设备的操作状态从第二参考操作状态转变为第三参考操作状态的要求。例如，该标准包括检测到车库门的操作状态从“关闭”操作状态转变为“打开”操作状态。在另一个示例中，其中话语输入为“在打开电视的同时打开客厅灯”，该标准包括检测到电视的操作状态从“关闭”操作状态转变为“打开”操作状态。
在一些示例中，该标准包括表示实际设备特征的实际值大于、等于或小于阈值的要求。例如，话语输入为“当温度降到低于68度时关闭窗户”。在该示例中，该标准与具有已建立位置的温度传感器的设备特征“温度”相关联。具体地讲，该标准包括检测到表示电子温度计的设备特征“温度”的实际值(例如，温度读数)小于阈值68度。
在一些示例中，该标准是在话语输入中使用一个或多个相对的或有歧义的词语来限定的。使用一个或多个相对的或有歧义的词语来限定该标准的话语示例包括“当外面阳光明媚时关闭百叶窗”、“当冷时打开加热器”、“当变得嘈杂时加大电视音量”。确切地，在这些示例中，该标准是在话语输入中使用相对的或有歧义的词语诸如“阳光明媚”、“冷”和“嘈杂”来限定的。如以下更详细论述，过程1100可以根据话语输入确定明确的标准，而不管是否在话语输入中使用了相对的或有歧义的词语来限定该标准。
在一些示例中，确定用户意图包括基于话语输入而确定与该标准相关联的阈值。具体地讲，该阈值在话语输入中是有歧义的并且因此可能需要根据话语输入来解释定量的阈值。例如，话语输入为“当太热时打开厨房风扇”。在该示例中，基于字词“当太热时”，该标准被确定为检测到电子温度计的温度超过阈值。该阈值是基于短语“太热”和一个或多个知识来源而确定的。确切地，来自一个或多个知识来源的信息是根据短语“太热”而检索的。例如，知识来源可以提供已建立位置的历史温度分布并且因此阈值被确定为温度分布的预定百分比数(例如，80％或90％)。在另一个示例中，知识来源使词语“热”与对应设备特征的数字阈值相关联。例如，“热”与大于在具有已建立位置的电子温度计处所测量的90度相关联。类似地，对于其中基于有歧义的形容词来限定标准的其他示例性话语输入来说，知识来源为相应的设备特征提供一个对应的阈值。例如，基于知识来源，标准“当天黑时”与小于0.2勒克斯相关联，并且标准“当嘈杂时”与大于90分贝相关联。
应当认识到，该标准可以与具有已建立位置的任何传感器的任何设备特征相关联。例如，该传感器是具有已建立位置的独立传感器(例如，独立电子温度计、独立光传感器、独立运动传感器等)或集成在具有已建立位置的设备中的传感器(例如，中心加热器所用的恒温器的温度计、夜灯的光电二极管等)。例如，该标准与已建立位置的湿度传感器的设备特征“湿度”相关联。具体地讲，话语输入为“当开始下雨时关闭浴室窗户”或“当变得太干时打开加湿器”。如上所述，有歧义的标准“太干”或“开始下雨”的对应定量值是基于一个或多个知识来源而确定的。例如，“太干”被确定为对应于检测到相对湿度小于预定阈值(例如，25％)的标准。类似地，“开始下雨”被确定为对应于在湿度传感器处检测到相对湿度等于100％或在具有已建立位置的水分传感器处检测到水分含量大于预定阈值(例如，50％)的标准。
在一些示例中，该标准与具有已建立位置的亮度传感器(例如，光传感器、光电二极管)的设备特征“亮度”相关联。具体地讲，话语输入为“当天变黑时打开客厅灯”、“在有阳光直射的情况下关闭百叶窗”或“当变得太亮时将遮光物降下一半”。在这些示例中，确定有歧义的标准“黑”、“直射阳光”或“太亮”的对应定量值。例如，“黑”被确定为对应于在具有已建立位置的亮度传感器处检测到亮度小于预定值(例如，0.2勒克斯)的标准。类似地，“直射阳光”或“太亮”对应于检测到亮度大于第二预定值(例如，25000勒克斯)的标准。
在一些示例中，该标准与具有已建立位置的空气质量传感器的设备特征“空气质量”相关联。空气质量传感器可以例如是测量空气中的颗粒的尺寸和浓度的颗粒传感器或用于测量一种或多种特定气体(例如，一氧化碳、臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、丙酮、醇类等)的浓度的气体传感器。具有与具有已建立位置的空气质量传感器的设备特征“空气质量”相关联的标准的示例性话语输入包括“当空气质量不安全时打开空气过滤器”或“当检测到危险性气体时关闭窗户”。在这些示例中，该标准是检测到(例如，在具有已建立位置的空气质量传感器处)空气中的颗粒水平或特定气体的浓度水平超过预定阈值。
在一些示例中，该标准与已建立位置处的认证传感器的认证特征相关联。认证特征是例如声纹、密码、指纹、个人标识号码等。认证设备是被配置为获得或接收认证数据的设备(例如，相机、电容触摸传感器、麦克风、小键盘、安全控制台等)。例如，话语输入为“当保姆到达时打开门”或“当John到达时打开门”。在这些示例中，该标准包括与认证设备的认证特征相关联的置信度值大于或等于预定阈值的要求。例如，保姆或John在具有已建立位置的前门处与认证设备进行交互以提供认证数据(例如，语音样本、指纹、密码、面部图像等)。对认证数据进行处理并将其与参考认证数据(例如，参考声纹、参考指纹、参考密码等)进行比较以确定置信度值。具体地讲，该置信度值表示从认证设备接收的认证数据与参考认证数据匹配的概率。在这些示例中，用于将门打开或开锁的标准是获得大于或等于预定阈值的置信度值。
在一些示例中，该标准是使用所检索的上下文信息来确定的。具体地讲，话语输入使用一个或多个相对的或有歧义的词语来定义该标准并且确定该标准要求例如利用上下文信息来消除这一个或多个相对的或有歧义的词语的歧义。例如，在一个示例中，话语输入为“当她到达时打开门”。在该示例中，话语输入限定了用于使用有歧义的词语“她”来打开门的标准。因此，确定该标准要求使用例如上下文信息来消除词语“她”的歧义。在一个示例中，在接收到话语输入之前，接收到保姆的陈述她将在15分钟内到达的文本消息。确切地，当电子设备显示保姆的文本消息时，从用户接收到话语输入“当她到达时打开前门”。在该示例中，来自保姆的文本消息是可以用于消除该话语输入中的词语“她”的歧义的上下文信息。具体地讲，基于该文本消息，确定“她”是指保姆。因此，在该示例中，基于话语输入和文本消息，该标准被确定为包括在与用户房屋的前门相关联的认证设备处接收到对应于保姆的认证数据。
在一些示例中，该标准包括该动作已在预定时间段内执行少于预定次数这一要求。例如，话语输入为“允许Owen一周内三次访问TV”。在该示例中，该标准要求确认识别为Owen的个体在当前周内访问TV少于三次。在另一示例中，话语输入为“允许保姆在每天下午3点至4点之间进入一次”。在该示例中，该标准包括对于识别为保姆的个体来说，前门在这一天下午3点至4点之间开锁少于一次这一确定。应当认识到，在这些示例中，该标准进一步包括确认个体的身份(例如，“Owen”和“保姆”)。具体地讲，个体的身份(例如，Owen或保姆)是基于从个体接收的认证数据来确认的。例如，可以确定，在下午3点至4点之间从前门的个体接收的认证数据对应于保姆。如果确定对于保姆来说，前门在这一天下午3点至4点之间少于一次开锁，那么将前门开锁。
在一些示例中，该标准包括在电子设备上指出的时间等于参考时间或在参考时间之后或在参考时间范围内的要求。该参考时间是关于小时和分钟或关于特定日期的。在一些示例中，该参考时间为绝对时间。例如，话语输入为“在下午7点时打开门厅灯”。在该示例中，该标准包括检测到当前时间为下午7点。在另一示例中，话语输入为“在下午7点之后关闭车库门”。在该示例中，该标准为检测到当前时间是在下午7点以后。在又一示例中，话语输入为“在下午10点至上午7点打开夜灯”。在该示例中，该标准为检测到当前时间是在下午10点至上午7点范围内。
在一些示例中，确定用户意图包括根据话语输入确定参考时间。具体地讲，对于话语输入“在圣诞前夜打开圣诞灯”来说，执行数据库搜索以确定“圣诞前夜”是指12月24日。另外，作出打开灯的动作是通常在晚上执行的一个动作这一确定。基于该确定，确定参考时间是在12月24日的傍晚(例如，下午5点)。在其他示例中，话语输入为“在春节禁用喷洒装置”或“在下一个满月期间关闭门厅灯”。在这些示例中，获得对应于“春节”和“下一个满月”的相关日期并且因此基于该相关日期确定参考时间。
在一些示例中，话语输入指定相对时间而不是绝对时间。例如，话语输入为“在圣诞节之前的两周打开圣诞灯”。在该示例中，过程1100首先确定对应于“圣诞节”(12月25日)的初始参考时间并且随后确定与话语输入中的初始参考时间相关联的持续时间(例如，两周)。因此，与该标准相关联的参考时间是基于初始参考时间和持续时间而确定的。确切地，该参考时间被确定为12月11日，这是圣诞节(12月25日)之前两周。在该示例中，话语输入中的所确定的标准因此检测到当前时间为参考时间12月11日。
在一些示例中，用户意图与在执行动作之前满足的不止一个标准相关联。例如，话语输入“允许John在每天下午3点至5点之间打开电视一次”包括三个标准：成功认证请求者为“John”这一认证标准；在下午3点至5点的时间范围内这一时间标准；以及John已在这一天的下午3点至5点的时间范围内打开电视少于一次这一频率标准。在另一示例中，话语输入“让房屋清洁员在上午9点至10点之间进入”包括多个认证标准，该多个认证标准包括：由接近传感器检测到有人站在前门；基于前门在认证设备处接收的认证数据而成功地认证这个人；以及从与房屋清洁员相关联的设备处接收到文本消息。
在一些示例中，用户意图与第一标准和第二标准相关联并且满足第二标准要求第一标准得到满足。例如，话语输入为“在我离开房屋后的15分钟打开喷洒装置”。在该示例中，话语输入定义两个标准。第一标准要求检测到用户离开房屋(例如，使用运动传感器和/或基于车库门的打开和关闭)。第二标准要求当前时间为参考时间，该参考时间为检测到用户离开房屋的时间之后15分钟。在该示例中，在第一标准没有得到满足的情况下无法满足第二标准，由于第二标准是基于正得到满足的相对于第一标准的参考标准的。
虽然以上描述的示例主要涉及由具有已建立位置的设备执行的动作，但应当认识到，在一些示例中，用户意图与由与具有已建立位置的该组设备分开的设备所执行的动作相关联。具体地讲，该设备可能并不以数据结构表示。例如，用户意图与由用户设备(例如，用户设备104)或服务器(例如，DA服务器106)执行的动作相关联。在一个这样的示例中，该动作包括提供与该标准相关联的通知。例如，基于话语输入“当前门打开时告诉我”，所确定的用户意图与检测到前门正打开这一标准相关联。在确定该标准得到满足时由用户设备执行的动作包括在用户设备处提供通知(例如，文本或语音)。该通知指出前门已打开。对应于由用户设备执行的动作的话语输入的其他示例包括“当保姆到达时发短信告诉她进入密码”、“当家用报警器被触发时提醒我”、“当有人打开电视时告诉我”、“当烟雾报警器发出声音时呼叫消防部门”。在这些示例中，该标准与具有已建立位置的设备相关联，而该动作将由用户设备执行。
在框1110处，所确定的动作和所确定的用于执行该动作的设备是联系所确定的标准而存储的。例如，指令是基于所确定的动作、设备和标准而存储的。具体地讲，这些指令致使用户设备连续地或周期性地监视与该标准相关联的数据以确定该标准是否得到满足。与该标准相关联的数据为例如用户设备的数据、具有已建立位置的传感器的数据或指出已建立位置处的设备的操作状态的数据。在一些示例中，与该标准相关联的数据由该设备主动地检索。在一些示例中，该设备被动地接收与该标准相关联的数据并分析该数据以确定该标准是否得到满足。
所存储的指令还致使用户设备响应于确定该标准得到满足而执行任务。例如，这些指令致使用户设备发射致使该动作由该设备执行的命令。该动作因此由该设备根据确定该标准得到满足来执行。
在框1112处，接收与该标准相关联的数据。如上所述，该数据是从具有已建立位置的设备接收的。具体地讲，返回示例性话语输入“当达到80度时关闭百叶窗”，所接收的数据是从具有已建立位置的恒温器处获得的温度数据。该温度数据由恒温器周期性地发送并且由用户设备接收。在一些示例中，用户设备主动地检索从恒温器获得的温度数据。在其他示例中，该数据是数据生成的或是从用户设备获得的(例如，时间数据、电子邮件数据、消息数据、位置数据、传感器数据等)。在其他示例中，该数据是从数据结构中检索的(例如，操作状态，诸如接通/断开、锁定/解锁、打开/关闭等)。
在框1114处，从框1112的所接收数据来确定该标准是否得到满足。具体地讲，分析所接收的数据以确定该标准是否得到满足。例如，所接收的数据表明恒温器正检测到84度的温度。基于话语输入“当达到80度时关闭百叶窗”，该标准是检测到恒温器的温度等于或大于80度的参考温度。在该示例中，根据所接收的数据，确定该标准已得到满足。
响应于确定该标准已得到满足，执行框1116。相反地，响应于确定该标准已得到满足，过程1100回到框1112，在该框处，接收与该标准相关联的新的数据或更新的数据。过程1100因此响应于确定该标准已得到满足而放弃执行框1116。
在框1116处，提供致使该组设备中的该设备执行该动作的指令。返回示例性话语输入“当达到80度时关闭百叶窗”，提供致使百叶窗关闭的指令。框1116与上述框814类似或完全相同。
5、电子设备
图12示出了根据各种所述示例的原理进行配置的电子设备1200的功能框图。该设备的功能块可以任选地由执行各种所述示例的原理的硬件、软件或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图12中所述的功能块可以任选地被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述示例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合、分离或进一步限定。
如图12所示，电子设备1200包括：触摸屏显示器单元1202，该触摸屏显示器单元被配置为显示图形用户界面并且从用户接收输入(例如，文本输入)；音频输入单元1204，该音频输入单元被配置为从用户接收音频输入(例如，语音输入)；以及通信单元1206，该通信单元被配置为发送和接收信息。电子设备1200进一步包括处理单元1208，该处理单元耦接至触摸屏显示器单元1202、音频输入单元1204和通信单元1206。在一些示例中，处理单元1208包括接收单元1210、确定单元1212、检索单元1214、提供单元1216、获取单元1218、修改单元1220、输出单元1222、检测单元1224和存储单元1226。
根据一些实施方案，处理单元1208被配置为(例如，利用接收单元1212并且经由触摸屏显示器单元1202或音频输入单元)接收表示用户请求的话语输入(例如，框802的话语输入)。处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1212)确定对应于话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征(例如，框808的可能设备特征)。处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用检索单元1214)检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构(例如，框806的数据结构)。处理单元1208被进一步配置为基于数据结构而(例如，利用确定单元1212)从该组设备中确定一个或多个候选设备(例如，框810的候选设备)。该一个或多个候选设备对应于话语输入。处理单元1208被进一步配置为基于一个或多个可能设备特征和一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征，(例如，利用确定单元1212)确定对应于话语输入的用户意图(例如，框812的用户意图)。处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用提供单元1216和通信单元1206)提供致使一个或多个候选设备中的设备执行对应于用户意图的动作的指令(例如，框814的指令)。
在一些示例中，确定用户意图进一步包括确定对应于话语输入的一个或多个候选用户意图(例如，框812的候选用户意图)，以及基于一个或多个可能设备特征和一个或多个实际设备特征而从一个或多个候选用户意图中确定用户意图。
在一些示例中，确定用户意图进一步包括基于一个或多个可能设备特征和一个或多个实际设备特征而从一个或多个候选设备中确定设备(例如，框812的设备)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1212)确定在一个或多个可能设备特征与一个或多个实际设备特征之间共同的一个或多个重叠设备特征(例如，框812的重叠设备特征)。该用户意图是基于一个或多个重叠设备特征来确定的。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1212)确定用户相对于已建立位置中的区域的相对位置(例如，框812)。话语输入与用户相关联并且用户意图是基于相对位置确定的。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用获取单元1218)获得一个或多个候选设备各自的操作状态(例如，框812)。用户意图是基于一个或多个候选设备中每一个候选设备的操作状态确定的。
在一些示例中，确定用户意图进一步包括：基于一个或多个可能设备特征和一个或多个实际设备特征而确定对应于话语输入的第一候选用户意图和对应于话语输入的第二候选用户意图；确定与第一候选用户意图相关联的第一动作的第一突出性和与第二候选用户意图相关联的第二动作的第二突出性；以及将第一用户意图和第二用户意图基于第一突出性和第二突出性排序(例如，框812)。该用户意图是基于该排序来确定的。
在一些示例中，确定用户意图进一步包括基于一个或多个可能设备特征和一个或多个实际设备特征，确定对应于话语输入的两个或更多个候选用户意图以及确定该两个或更多个候选用户意图是否能够消除歧义(例如，框812)。确定用户意图进一步包括响应于确定该两个或更多个候选用户意图不能消除歧义，输出请求附加信息的对话(例如，框812)。确定用户意图进一步包括接收响应于输出对话的用户输入以及基于用户输入而将这两个或更多个候选用户意图消除歧义以确定用户意图(例如，框812)。
在一些示例中，确定一个或多个可能设备特征进一步包括确定对应于话语输入中的第一词语的一个或多个第二可能设备特征以及确定对应于话语输入中的第二词语的一个或多个第三可能设备特征，其中该一个或多个可能设备特征是基于一个或多个第二可能设备特征和一个或多个第三可能设备特征确定的(例如，框808)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1212)确定话语输入是否对应于域(例如，框804)，该域与基于具有已建立位置的设备执行任务的可执行意图相关联。检索表示具有已建立位置的该组设备的数据结构是响应于确定话语输入对应于域来执行的。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为基于话语输入中的词语(例如，利用检索单元1214)检索联系人信息，其中该组设备的一个或多个候选设备是基于所检索的联系人信息而确定的(例如，框810)。
在一些示例中，确定该组设备中的一个或多个候选设备进一步包括确定与话语输入中的第二词语相关联的一个或多个另选词语，其中一个或多个候选设备是基于一个或多个另选词语而确定的(例如，框810)。
在一些示例中，一个或多个另选词语中的另选词语是基于在接收话语输入之前在电子设备处接收的第二用户输入的(例如，框810)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1212)确定对应于话语输入的位置。处理单元1208被进一步配置为基于该位置，(例如，利用确定单元1212)从多个已建立位置中确定已建立位置(例如，框806)。
在一些示例中，数据结构定义已建立位置中的多个区域之间的分级关系以及该组设备中的每个设备与这多个区域之间的关系(例如，框806)。
在一些示例中，该组设备中的每个设备和多个区域中的每个区域是在数据结构中相对于与所接收的话语输入相关联的临时会话密钥而识别的(例如，框806)。
在一些示例中，数据结构定义与该组设备中的每个设备相关联的一个或多个实际设备特征(例如，框806)。在一些示例中，数据结构定义该组设备中的每个设备的操作状态(例如，框806)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1210)接收已建立位置中的第一设备的第一属性和已建立位置中的第二设备的第二属性。处理单元1208被进一步配置为基于第一属性和第二属性而相对于已建立位置(例如，利用确定单元1212)确定第一设备与第二设备之间的关系。处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用提供单元1216)提供基于所确定的关系修改数据结构的提示。处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1210并且经由触摸屏显示器单元1202或音频输入单元1204)接收响应于该提示的第三用户输入。处理单元1208被进一步配置为响应于接收到该第三用户输入，(例如，利用修改单元1220)修改数据结构以相对于已建立位置定义第一设备与第二设备之间的所确定的关系(例如，框806)。
在一些示例中，话语输入呈自然语言形式，并且话语输入相对于定义该动作是有歧义的(例如，框802)。在一些示例中，话语输入呈自然语言形式，并且话语输入相对于定义用于执行该动作的该设备是有歧义的(例如，框802)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为在提供指令之前，(例如，输出单元1222)输出确认该动作已执行并且该设备执行该动作的第二会话(例如，框814)。处理单元1208被进一步配置为在提供指令之前，(例如，利用接收单元1210并且经由触摸屏显示器单元1202或音频输入单元1204)接收响应于该第二输出会话的第四用户输入(例如，框814)。这些指令是响应于接收到第四用户输入而提供的。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为根据一个事件，(例如，利用检测单元1224)检测致使该组设备中的多个设备被设置为相应操作状态的一个或多个用户输入。处理单元1208被进一步配置为响应于检测到一个或多个用户输入，根据自定义命令(例如，利用提供单元1216)提供存储多个设备的相应操作状态的第二提示。处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1210并且经由触摸屏显示器单元1202或音频输入单元1204)接收响应于该第二提示的用户输入。处理单元1208被配置为响应于接收到第五用户输入，根据自定义命令(例如，利用存储单元)存储多个设备的相应操作状态，其中响应于接收到该自定义命令，该电子设备致使多个设备被设置为相应的操作状态(例如，框814)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1208被进一步配置为根据该组设备中正被设置为第二相应操作状态的第二多个设备，(例如，利用检测单元1224)检测致使该组设备中的第三设备被设置为第三操作状态的第六用户输入，其中第二多个设备的第二相应操作状态是根据第二自定义命令而存储的。处理单元1208被进一步配置为响应于检测到第六用户输入，根据第二自定义命令(例如，利用提供单元1216)提供存储第三设备的第三操作状态的第三提示。处理单元1208被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1210并且经由触摸屏显示器单元1202或音频输入单元1204)接收响应于该第三提示的第七用户输入。处理单元1208被进一步配置为响应于接收到该第七用户输入，根据第二自定义命令存储第三设备的第三操作状态，其中响应于在根据第二自定义命令存储第三设备的第三操作状态之后接收到第二自定义命令，该电子设备致使第二多个设备被设置为第二相应操作状态并且第三设备被设置为第三操作状态(例如，框814)。
以上参考图8描述的操作任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B、图7A和图12描绘的部件来实现。例如，过程800的操作可以由以下各项中的一者或多者来实现：操作系统718；应用程序模块724；I/O处理模块728；STT处理模块730；自然语言处理模块732；任务流处理模块736；服务处理模块738；或处理器220,410,704。本领域人员会清楚地知道如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
图13示出了根据各种所述示例的原理进行配置的电子设备13200的功能框图。该设备的功能块可以任选地由执行各种所述示例的原理的硬件、软件或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图13中所述的功能块可以任选地被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述示例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合、分离或进一步限定。
如图13所示，电子设备1300包括：触摸屏显示器单元1302，该触摸屏显示器单元被配置为显示图形用户界面并且从用户接收输入(例如，文本输入)；音频输入单元1304，该音频输入单元被配置为从用户接收音频输入(例如，语音输入)；以及通信单元1306，该通信单元被配置为发送和接收信息。电子设备1300进一步包括处理单元1308，该处理单元耦接至触摸屏显示器单元1302、音频输入单元1304和通信单元1306。在一些示例中，处理单元1308包括接收单元1310、确定单元1312、检索单元1314、提供单元1316和存储单元1318。
根据一些实施方案，处理单元1308被配置为(例如，利用接收单元1310并且经由触摸屏显示器单元1302或音频输入单元1304)接收表示用户请求的话语输入(例如，块1102的话语输入)。处理单元1708被进一步配置为(例如，利用确定单元1312)确定话语输入是否与具有已建立位置的设备相关(例如，块1104)。处理单元1308被进一步配置为响应于确定话语输入与具有已建立位置的设备相关，(例如，利用检索单元1314)检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构(例如，块1106的数据结构)。处理单元1308被进一步配置为使用数据结构，(例如，利用确定单元1312)确定对应于话语输入的用户意图(例如，块1108的用户意图)。该用户意图与将由该组设备中的设备执行的动作和在执行该动作之前满足的标准相关联。处理单元1308被进一步配置为(例如，利用存储单元1318)存储与该标准关联的动作和设备，其中该动作由该设备根据确定该标准得到满足来执行(例如，块1110)。
在一些示例中，该标准与该组设备中的第二设备的实际设备特征相关联(例如，块1108)。
在一些示例中，确定用户意图进一步包括1)基于话语输入和数据结构确定第二设备的实际设备特征(例如，块1108)；以及2)基于数据结构和话语输入确定该组设备中的第二设备(例如，块1108)。
在一些示例中，该标准包括表示实际设备特征的实际值大于、等于或小于阈值(例如，块1108的阈值)的要求。
在一些示例中，确定用户意图进一步包括基于话语输入来确定阈值(例如，块1108)。
在一些示例中，实际设备特征为湿度，并且第二设备包括湿度传感器(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，实际设备特征为温度，并且第二设备包括温度传感器(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，实际设备特征为亮度，并且第二设备包括亮度传感器(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，实际设备特征为空气质量，并且第二设备包括空气质量传感器(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，实际设备特征为认证特征，并且第二设备包括认证设备(例如，块1108)。
在一些示例中，该标准包括置信度值大于或等于阈值的要求(例如，块1108)。该置信度值表示从认证设备接收的认证数据与参考认证数据匹配的概率。
在一些示例中，该标准与该组设备中第三设备的操作状态相关联(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，该标准包括第三设备的操作状态等于参考操作状态的要求(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，该标准包括第三设备的操作状态从第二参考操作状态转变为第三参考操作状态的要求(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，该标准包括动作已在预定时间段内执行少于预定次数的要求(例如，块1108)。
在一些示例中，该标准包括电子设备1300的时间等于或大于参考时间的要求(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，确定用户意图进一步包括根据话语输入确定参考时间(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，确定参考时间进一步包括1)根据话语输入确定第二参考时间(例如，块1108)；以及2)确定与参考时间相关联的持续时间，其中参考时间是基于第二参考时间和持续时间而确定的(例如，块1108)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1308被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1310并且经由通信单元1306)接收与该标准相关联的数据(例如，块1112的数据)。处理单元1308被进一步配置为根据所接收的数据(例如，利用确定单元1312)确定该标准是否已得到满足(例如，块1114)。处理单元1308被进一步配置为响应于确定该标准已得到满足，(例如，利用提供单元1316)提供致使该组设备中的该设备执行该动作的指令(例如，块1116的指令)。
在一些示例中，用户意图与在执行动作之前满足的第二标准相关联(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，满足第二标准要求该标准得到满足(例如，块1108)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1308被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1310并且经由通信单元1306)接收与第二标准相关联的第二数据(例如，块1112)。处理单元1308被进一步配置为根据所接收的第二数据(例如，利用确定单元1312)确定第二标准是否得到满足(例如，块1114)，其中这些指令是响应于确定第二标准得到满足而提供的(例如，块1116)。
在一些示例中，该动作包括提供与该标准相关联的通知(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，由该设备执行该动作致使该设备的一部分改变位置(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，由该设备执行该动作致使设备锁定或解锁(例如，块1108)。在一些示例中，由该设备执行该动作致使该设备被激活或去激活(例如，块1108)在一些示例中，由该设备执行该动作致使该设备的设定点改变(例如，块1108)。
在一些示例中，处理单元1308被进一步配置为响应于确定该标准得到满足，(例如，利用提供单元1316)提供使用该设备执行该动作的提示(例如，块1116)。处理单元1308被进一步配置为(例如，利用接收单元1310)接收响应于该提示的用户输入(例如，块1116)。处理单元1308被进一步配置为响应于接收到该用户输入，(例如，利用提供单元1316)提供致使该设备执行该动作的指令(例如，块1116)。
以上参考图11描述的操作任选地由图1至图4、图6A至图6B、图7A和图13描绘的部件来实现。例如，过程1100的操作由以下各项中的一者或多者来实现：操作系统718；应用程序模块724；I/O处理模块728；STT处理模块730；自然语言处理模块732；任务流处理模块736；服务处理模块738；或处理器220,410,704。本领域人员会清楚地知道如何基于在图1至图4、图6A至图6B和图7A中所描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
根据一些具体实施，提供一种计算机可读存储介质(例如，非暂态计算机可读存储介质)，该计算机可读存储介质存储供电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所述方法或过程中的任一个的指令。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括用于执行本文所述的方法和过程中的任一个的装置。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括处理单元，该处理单元被配置为执行本文所述的方法和过程中的任一个。
根据一些具体实施，提供了一种电子设备(例如，便携式电子设备)，该电子设备包括一个或多个处理器和存储用以由一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序的存储器，该一个或多个程序包括用于执行本文所描述的方法和过程中的任一个的指令。
示例性方法、非暂态计算机可读存储介质、系统和电子设备在以下各项中给出：
1.一种用于操作数字助理的方法，所述方法包括：
在具有处理器和存储器的电子设备处：
接收表示用户请求的话语输入；
确定对应于所述话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征；
检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构；
基于所述数据结构，从所述一组设备中确定一个或多个候选设备，所述一个或多个候选设备对应于所述话语输入；
基于所述一个或多个可能设备特征和所述一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征，确定对应于所述话语输入的用户意图；以及
提供指令，所述指令致使所述一个或多个候选设备中的设备执行对应于所述用户意图的动作。
2.根据项目1所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括：
确定对应于所述话语输入的一个或多个候选用户意图；以及
基于所述一个或多个可能设备特征和所述一个或多个实际设备特征，从所述一个或多个候选用户意图中确定所述用户意图。
3.根据项目1至2中任一项所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括：
基于所述一个或多个可能设备特征和所述一个或多个实际设备特征，从所述一个或多个候选设备中确定所述设备。
4.根据项目1至3中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定在所述一个或多个可能设备特征与所述一个或多个实际设备特征之间共同的一个或多个重叠设备特征，其中基于所述一个或多个重叠设备特征确定所述用户意图。
5.根据项目1至4中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定用户相对于所述已建立位置中的区域的相对位置，其中所述话语输入与所述用户相关联，并且其中基于所述相对位置确定所述用户意图。
6.根据项目1至5中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
获取所述一个或多个候选设备中每一个候选设备的操作状态，其中基于所述一个或多个候选设备中每一个候选设备的所述操作状态确定所述用户意图。
7.根据项目1至6中任一项所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括：
基于所述一个或多个可能设备特征和所述一个或多个实际设备特征，确定对应于所述话语输入的第一候选用户意图和对应于所述话语输入的第二候选用户意图；
确定与所述第一候选用户意图相关联的第一动作的第一突出性和与所述第二候选用户意图相关联的第二动作的第二突出性；以及
基于所述第一突出性和所述第二突出性，将所述第一用户意图和所述第二用户意图排序，其中基于所述排序确定所述用户意图。
8.根据项目1至7中任一项所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括：
基于所述一个或多个可能设备特征和所述一个或多个实际设备特征，确定对应于所述话语输入的两个或更多个候选用户意图；
确定所述两个或更多个候选用户意图是否能够消除歧义；
响应于确定所述两个或更多个候选用户意图不能消除歧义，输出请求附加信息的对话；
接收响应于所述输出对话的用户输入；以及
基于所述用户输入将所述两个或更多个候选用户意图消除歧义，以确定所述用户意图。
9.根据项目1至8中任一项所述的方法，其中确定所述一个或多个可能设备特征还包括：
确定对应于所述话语输入中的第一词语的一个或多个第二可能设备特征；
确定对应于所述话语输入中的第二词语的一个或多个第三可能设备特征，其中基于所述一个或多个第二可能设备特征和所述一个或多个第三可能设备特征确定所述一个或多个可能设备特征。
10.根据项目1至9中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定所述话语输入是否对应于域，所述域与基于具有所述已建立位置的设备执行任务的可执行意图相关联，其中响应于确定所述话语输入对应于所述域，执行对表示具有所述已建立位置的所述一组设备的所述数据结构的检索。
11.根据项目1至10中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
基于所述话语输入中的词语来检索联系人信息，其中基于所检索的联系人信息确定所述一组设备中的所述一个或多个候选设备。
12.根据项目1至11中任一项所述的方法，其中确定所述一组设备中的所述一个或多个候选设备还包括：
确定与所述话语输入中的第二词语相关联的一个或多个另选词语，其中基于所述一个或多个另选词语确定所述一个或多个候选设备。
13.根据项目12所述的方法，其中所述一个或多个另选词语中的另选词语基于接收所述话语输入之前在所述电子设备处接收的第二用户输入。
14.根据项目1至13中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
确定对应于所述话语输入的位置；以及
基于所述位置，从多个已建立位置中确定所述已建立位置。
15.根据项目1至14中任一项所述的方法，其中所述数据结构限定：
所述已建立位置中的多个区域之间的分级关系；和
所述一组设备中的每个设备与所述多个区域之间的关系。
16.根据项目15所述的方法，其中在所述数据结构中相对于与所接收的话语输入相关联的临时会话密钥来识别所述一组设备中的每个设备和所述多个区域中的每个区域。
17.根据项目1至16中任一项所述的方法，其中所述数据结构限定与所述一组设备中的每个设备相关联的一个或多个实际设备特征。
18.根据项目1至17中任一项所述的方法，其中所述数据结构限定所述一组设备中每个设备的操作状态。
19.根据项目1至18中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
接收在所述已建立位置的第一设备的第一属性和在所述已建立位置的第二设备的第二属性；
基于所述第一属性和所述第二属性，相对于所述已建立位置确定所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的关系；
基于所确定的关系提供修改所述数据结构的提示；
接收响应于所述提示的第三用户输入；以及
响应于接收到所述第三用户输入，修改所述数据结构，以相对于所述已建立位置定义所述第一设备与所述第二设备之间的所确定的关系。
20.根据项目1至19中任一项所述的方法，其中所述话语输入呈自然语言形式，并且其中所述话语输入相对于限定所述动作是有歧义的。
21.根据项目1至20中任一项所述的方法，其中所述话语输入呈自然语言形式，并且其中所述话语输入相对于限定用于执行所述动作的所述设备是有歧义的。
22.根据项目1至21中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
在提供所述指令之前：
输出第二对话，所述第二对话确认要执行的所述动作和执行所述动作的所述设备；以及
接收响应于所述第二输出对话的第四用户输入，其中响应于接收到所述第四用户输入提供所述指令。
23.根据项目1至22中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
与事件相关联地检测致使所述一组设备中的多个设备被设置为相应操作状态的一个或多个用户输入；
响应于检测到所述一个或多个用户输入，与自定义命令相关联地提供存储所述多个设备的所述相应操作状态的第二提示；
接收响应于所述第二提示的第五用户输入；以及
响应于接收到所述第五用户输入，与所述自定义命令相关联地存储所述多个设备的所述相应操作状态，其中响应于接收到所述自定义命令，所述电子设备致使所述多个设备被设置为所述相应操作状态。
24.根据项目1至23中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
与所述一组设备中正被设置为第二相应操作状态的第二多个设备相关联地检测致使所述一组设备中的第三设备被设置为第三操作状态的第六用户输入，其中与第二自定义命令相关联地存储所述第二多个设备的所述第二相应操作状态；
响应于检测到所述第六用户输入，与所述第二自定义命令相关联地提供存储所述第三设备的所述第三操作状态的第三提示；
接收响应于所述第三提示的第七用户输入；以及
响应于接收到所述第七用户输入，与所述第二自定义命令相关联地存储所述第三设备的所述第三操作状态，其中响应于在与所述第二自定义命令相关联地存储所述第三设备的所述第三操作状态之后接收到所述第二自定义命令，所述电子设备致使所述第二多个设备被设置为所述第二相应操作状态并且所述第三设备被设置为所述第三操作状态。
25.一种用于操作数字助理的方法，所述方法包括：
在具有处理器和存储器的电子设备处：
接收表示用户请求的话语输入；
确定所述话语输入是否与具有已建立位置的设备相关；
响应于确定所述话语输入与具有已建立位置的设备相关，检索表示具有所述已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构；
使用所述数据结构确定对应于所述话语输入的用户意图，所述用户意图与将由所述一组设备中的设备执行的动作和在执行所述动作之前要满足的标准相关联；以及
与所述标准相关联地存储所述动作和所述设备，其中所述动作根据确定所述标准得到满足而由所述设备执行。
26.根据项目25所述的方法，其中所述标准与所述一组设备中的第二设备的实际设备特征相关联。
27.根据项目26所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括：
基于所述话语输入和数据结构，确定所述第二设备的所述实际设备特征；以及
基于所述数据结构和所述话语输入，从所述一组设备中确定所述第二设备。
28.根据项目26至27中任一项所述的方法，其中所述标准包括表
示所述实际设备特征的实际值大于、等于或小于阈值的要求。
29.根据项目28所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括基于所述话语输入确定所述阈值。
30.根据项目26至29中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特征为湿度，并且其中所述第二设备包括湿度传感器。
31.根据项目26至29中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特征为温度，并且其中所述第二设备包括温度传感器。
32.根据项目26至29中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特征为亮度，并且其中所述第二设备包括亮度传感器。
33.根据项目26至29中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特
征为空气质量，并且其中所述第二设备包括空气质量传感器。
34.根据项目26至29中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特征为认证特征，并且其中所述第二设备包括认证设备。
35.根据项目34所述的方法，其中所述标准包括置信度值大于或等于阈值的要求，并且其中所述置信度值表示从所述认证设备接收的认证数据与参考认证数据匹配的概率。
36.根据项目25至35中任一项所述的方法，其中所述标准与所述一组设备中第三设备的操作状态相关联。
37.根据项目36所述的方法，其中所述标准包括所述第三设备的所述操作状态等于参考操作状态的要求。
38.根据项目36所述的方法，其中所述标准包括所述第三设备的所述操作状态从第二参考操作状态转变为第三参考操作状态的要求。
39.根据项目25至38中任一项所述的方法，其中所述标准包括所述动作已在预定时间段内执行少于预定次数的要求。
40.根据项目25至39中任一项所述的方法，其中所述标准包括所述电子设备的时间等于或大于参考时间的要求。
41.根据项目40所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括从所述话语输入确定所述参考时间。
42.根据项目40至41中任一项所述的方法，其中确定所述参考时间还包括：
从所述话语输入确定第二参考时间；以及
确定与所述参考时间相关联的持续时间，其中基于所述第二参考时间和所述持续时间确定所述参考时间。
43.根据项目25至42中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
接收与所述标准相关联的数据；
根据所接收的数据确定所述标准是否得到满足；以及
响应于确定所述标准得到满足，提供致使所述一组设备中的所述设备执行所述动作的指令。
44.根据项目25至43中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户意图与在执行所述动作之前要满足的第二标准相关联。
45.根据项目44所述的方法，其中满足所述第二标准要求所述标准得到满足。
46.根据项目44至45中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
接收与所述第二标准相关联的第二数据；以及
从所接收的第二数据确定所述第二标准是否得到满足，其中响应于确定所述第二标准得到满足来提供所述指令。
47.根据项目25至46中任一项所述的方法，其中所述动作包括提供与所述标准相关联的通知。
48.根据项目25至47中任一项所述的方法，其中由所述设备执行所述动作致使所述设备的一部分改变位置。
49.根据项目25至47中任一项所述的方法，其中由所述设备执行所述动作致使设备锁定或解锁。
50.根据项目25至47中任一项所述的方法，其中由所述设备执行所述动作致使所述设备被激活或去激活。
51.根据项目25至47中任一项所述的方法，其中由所述设备执行所述动作致使所述设备的设定点改变。
52.根据项目25至51中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
响应于确定所述标准得到满足，提供使用所述设备执行所述动作的提示；
接收响应于所述提示的用户输入；以及
响应于接收到所述用户输入，提供致使所述设备执行所述动作的指令。
53.一种存储一个或多个程序的计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，致使所述电子设备执行根据项目1至52中任一项所述的方法。
54.一种电子设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；和
存储一个或多个程序的存储器，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，致使所述
一个或多个处理器执行根据项目1至52中任一项所述的方法。
55.一种电子设备，包括：
用于执行根据项目1至52中任一项所述的方法的装置。
56.一种存储一个或多个程序的计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，致使所述电子设备：
接收表示用户请求的话语输入；
确定对应于所述话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征；
检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构；
基于所述数据结构，从所述一组设备中确定一个或多个候选设备，所述一个或多个候选设备对应于所述话语输入；
基于所述一个或多个可能设备特征和所述一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征，确定对应于所述话语输入的用户意图；以及
提供指令，所述指令致使所述一个或多个候选设备中的设备执行对应于所述用户意图的动作。
57.一种系统，包括：
一个或多个处理器；和
存储一个或多个程序的存储器，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，致使所述一个或多个处理器：
接收表示用户请求的话语输入；
确定对应于所述话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征；
检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构；
基于所述数据结构，从所述一组设备中确定一个或多个候选设备，所述一个或多个候选设备对应于所述话语输入；
基于所述一个或多个可能设备特征和所述一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征，确定对应于所述话语输入的用户意图；以及
提供指令，所述指令致使所述一个或多个候选设备中的设备执行对应于所述用户意图的动作。
58.一种电子设备，包括：
处理单元，所述处理单元被配置为：
接收表示用户请求的话语输入；
确定对应于所述话语输入的一个或多个可能设备特征；
检索表示具有已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构；
基于所述数据结构，从所述一组设备中确定一个或多个候选设备，所述一个或多个候选设备对应于所述话语输入；
基于所述一个或多个可能设备特征和所述一个或多个候选设备的一个或多个实际设备特征，确定对应于所述话语输入的用户意图；以及
提供指令，所述指令致使所述一个或多个候选设备中的设备执行对应于所述用户意图的动作。
59.一种存储一个或多个程序的计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，致使所述电子设备：
接收表示用户请求的话语输入；
确定所述话语输入是否与具有已建立位置的设备相关；
响应于确定所述话语输入与具有已建立位置的设备相关，检索表示具有所述已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构；
使用所述数据结构确定对应于所述话语输入的用户意图，所述用户意图与将由所述一组设备中的设备执行的动作和在执行所述动作之前要满足的标准相关联；以及
与所述标准相关联地存储所述动作和所述设备，其中所述动作根据确定所述标准得到满足而由所述设备执行。
60.一种系统，包括：
一个或多个处理器；和
存储一个或多个程序的存储器，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，致使所述一个或多个处理器：
接收表示用户请求的话语输入；
确定所述话语输入是否与具有已建立位置的设备相关；
响应于确定所述话语输入与具有已建立位置的设备相关，检索表示具有所述已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构；
使用所述数据结构确定对应于所述话语输入的用户意图，所述用户意图与将由所述一组设备中的设备执行的动作和在执行所述动作之前要满足的标准相关联；以及与所述标准相关联地存储所述动作和所述设备，其中所述动作根据确定所述标准得到满足而由所述设备执行。
61.一种电子设备，包括：
处理器单元，所述处理器单元被配置为：
接收表示用户请求的话语输入；
确定所述话语输入是否与具有已建立位置的设备相关；
响应于确定所述话语输入与具有已建立位置的设备相关，检索表示具有所述已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构；
使用所述数据结构确定对应于所述话语输入的用户意图，所述用户意图与将由所述一组设备中的设备执行的动作和在执行所述动作之前要满足的标准相关联；以及与所述标准相关联地存储所述动作和所述设备，其中所述动作根据确定所述标准得到满足而由所述设备执行。
出于解释的目的，前面的描述是通过参考具体实施方案来描述的。然而，上面的例示性论述并非旨在是穷尽的或将本发明限制为所公开的精确形式。根据以上教导内容，很多修改形式和变型形式都是可能的。选择并描述这些实施方案是为了最好地解释这些技术的原理及其实际应用。本领域的其他技术人员由此能够最好地利用这些技术以及具有适合于所预期的特定用途的各种修改的各种实施方案。
虽然参照附图对本公开以及示例进行了全面的描述，但应当注意，各种变化和修改对于本领域内的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。应当理解，此类变化和修改被认为被包括在由权利要求书所限定的本公开和示例的范围内。
如上所述，本发明技术的一个方面在于采集和使用得自各种来源的数据，以改进向用户递送其可能感兴趣的启发内容或任何其他内容。本公开预期，在一些实例中，这些所采集的数据可包括唯一地识别或可用于联系或定位特定人员的个人信息数据。此类个人信息数据可包括人口数据、基于位置的数据、电话号码、电子邮件地址、家庭地址、个人设备的设备特征或任何其他识别信息。
本公开认识到在本发明技术中使用此类个人信息数据可用于使用户受益。例如，该个人信息数据可用于递送用户较感兴趣的目标内容。因此，使用此类个人信息数据使得能够对所递送的内容进行有计划的控制。此外，本公开还预期个人信息数据有益于用户的其他用途。
本公开还预期负责此类个人信息数据的收集、分析、公开、发送、存储或其他用途的实体将遵守已确立的政策和/或实践。具体地，此类实体应当实行并坚持使用被公认为满足或超出对维护个人信息数据的秘密性和安全性的行业要求的政策和实践。例如，来自用户的个人信息应当被收集用于实体的合法且合理的用途，并且不在这些合法使用之外共享或出售。另外，此类收集应当仅在用户知情同意之后进行。另外，此类实体应采取任何所需的步骤，以保障和保护对此类个人信息数据的访问，并且确保能够访问个人信息数据的其他人遵守他们的政策和程序。另外，这种实体可使其本身经受第三方评估以证明其遵守广泛接受的政策和实践。
不管前述情况如何，本公开还预期用户选择性地阻止使用或访问个人信息数据的实施方案。即本公开预期可提供硬件元件和/或软件元件，以防止或阻止对此类个人信息数据的访问。例如，就广告递送服务而言，本发明的技术可被配置为在注册服务期间允许用户选择“加入”或“退出”参与对个人信息数据的收集。又如，用户可选择不为目标内容递送服务提供位置信息。再如，用户可选择不提供精确的位置信息，但准许传输位置区域信息。
因此，虽然本公开广泛地覆盖了使用个人信息数据来实现一个或多个各种所公开的实施方案，但本公开还预期各种实施方案也可在无需访问此类个人信息数据的情况下被实现。即，本发明技术的各种实施方案不会由于缺少此类个人信息数据的全部或一部分而无法正常进行。例如，可通过基于非个人信息数据或绝对最低限度的个人信息诸如与用户相关联的设备所请求的内容、对内容递送服务可用的其他非个人信息或公开可用信息来推断偏好，从而选择内容并递送给用户。
附录
用于家庭自动化的智能助理
申请人
Ryan M.ORR、Garett R.NELL和Benjamin L.BRUMBUGH
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求提交于2014年5月30日的名称为“INTELLIGENT ASSISTANT FORHOME AUTOMATION”的美国临时申请序列号62/005,893以及提交于2014年9月30日的名称为“INTELLIGENT ASSISTANT FOR HOME AUTOMATION”的美国非临时申请序列号14/503,105的优先权，所述申请出于所有目的据此全文以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本申请整体涉及自然语言处理，更具体地讲，涉及使用具有自然语言处理的虚拟助理来控制电子设备。
背景技术
可使用在诸如移动电话、平板电脑、膝上型计算机、台式计算机等计算设备上运行的软件应用来远程控制的家庭电子设备已经越来越流行。例如，许多制造商生产可由移动电话上运行的软件应用控制以调节灯泡的亮度和/或颜色的灯泡。还可使用具有类似控制的其他设备例如门锁、恒温器等。
尽管这些设备可向用户提供更高水平的控制和便利，但是随着家庭中远程受控设备的数量和远程受控设备的类型数量的增加，管理这些设备变得非常困难。例如，典型家庭可包括放置在家庭各个房间中的40个至50个灯泡。使用常规软件应用，给予每个灯泡一个唯一标识符，并且试图控制这些设备之一的用户必须从图形用户界面内的可用设备列表中选择适当的标识符。记住特定灯泡的正确标识符并且从40个至50个标识符的列表中查找该标识符可能是一个困难且耗时的过程。不同的制造商通常提供必须用于控制其相应设备的不同软件应用，这也增加了管理和控制大量远程受控设备的难度。因此，用户必须定位并打开一个软件应用以开启/关闭相应的灯泡，然后必须定位并打开另一个软件应用以设置其恒温器的温度。
发明内容
本发明提供了使用虚拟助理来控制电子设备的系统和过程。在一个示例过程中，用户能够以自然语言形式向用户设备说出输入以控制一个或多个电子设备。用户设备可将用户语音传输到服务器以转换为文本表示。服务器可基于该文本表示来识别一个或多个电子设备以及将由一个或多个电子设备执行的适当命令。所识别的一个或多个设备和要执行的命令可被传输返回到用户设备，该用户设备可将命令转发到适当的一个或多个电子设备以供执行。响应于接收到命令，一个或多个电子设备可执行命令并将其当前状态传输到用户设备。
附图说明
图1示出了根据各种实施例的其中虚拟助理可用于控制电子设备的示例性环境。
图2示出了根据各种实施例的其中虚拟助理可用于远程控制电子设备的示例性环境。
图3示出了根据各种实施例的示例性用户设备。
图4示出了根据各种实施例的用于存储与电子设备相关联的信息的多个条目的视觉表示。
图5示出了根据各种实施例的使用虚拟助理来控制电子设备的示例性过程，其中虚拟助理是使用客户端-服务器模型来实施的。
图6示出了根据各种实施例的使用虚拟助理来远程控制电子设备的示例性过程，其中虚拟助理是使用客户端-服务器模型来实施的。
图7示出了根据各种实施例的在独立用户设备上使用虚拟助理来控制电子设备的示例性过程。
图8示出了根据各种实施例的将电子设备的状态存储为配置的示例性过程。
图9示出了根据各种实施例的使用先前存储的配置来设置电子设备的状态的示例性过程。
图10示出了根据各种实施例的被配置成控制电子设备的电子设备的功能框图。
图11示出了根据各种实施例的被配置成将电子设备的状态存储为配置的电子设备的功能框图。
图12示出了根据各种实施例的被配置成将电子设备的状态存储为配置的电子设备的功能框图。
图13示出了根据各种实施例的被配置成控制电子设备的电子设备的功能框图。
图14示出了根据各种实施例的被配置成将电子设备的状态存储为配置的电子设备的功能框图。
图15示出了根据各种实施例的被配置成将电子设备的状态存储为配置的电子设备的功能框图。
具体实施方式
在以下对示例的描述中将引用附图，在附图中以例示的方式示出了可被实施的特定示例。应当理解，在不脱离各个示例的范围的情况下，可使用其他示例并且可作出结构性变更。
智能自动化助理(或虚拟助理)在用户与电子设备之间提供直观的界面。这些助理可以允许用户使用语音形式和/或文本形式的自然语言与设备或系统交互。例如，用户可通过以自然语言形式向与电子设备相关联的虚拟助理提供语音用户输入来访问电子设备的服务。虚拟助理可对语音用户输入执行自然语言处理，以推断用户意图并将用户意图实施到任务中。然后可通过执行电子设备的一个或多个功能来执行任务，并且能够以自然语言形式将相关输出返回给用户。
这涉及使用虚拟助理来控制电子设备的系统和过程。在一个示例过程中，用户能够以自然语言形式向用户设备说出输入以控制一个或多个电子设备。用户设备可将用户语音传输到服务器以转换为文本表示。服务器可基于该文本表示来识别一个或多个电子设备以及将由一个或多个电子设备执行的适当命令。所识别的一个或多个设备和要执行的命令可被传输返回到用户设备，该用户设备可将命令转发到适当的一个或多个电子设备以供执行。响应于接收到命令，一个或多个电子设备可执行命令并将其当前状态传输到用户设备。
系统概述
图1示出了根据各种实施例的用于实施虚拟助理以控制电子设备的示例性系统100。术语“虚拟助理”、“数字助理”、“智能自动化助理”或“自动数字助理”可以是指解译语音形式和/或文本形式的自然语言输入以推断用户意图，并基于推断出的用户意图来执行动作的任何信息处理系统。例如，为了进行推断出的用户意图，该系统可执行以下内容中的一个或多个：通过设计用以实施所推断出的用户意图的步骤和参数来识别任务流；将来自推断出的用户意图的具体要求输入到任务流中；通过调用程序、方法、服务、API等来执行任务流；以及生成对用户的听觉形式(例如语音)和/或视觉形式的输出响应。
虚拟助理可以能够接受至少部分地为自然语言命令、请求、声明、讲述和/或询问的形式的用户请求。通常，用户请求要么寻求数字助理作出信息性回答，要么寻求虚拟助理执行任务。针对用户请求的令人满意的响应可包括提供所请求的信息性回答、执行所请求的任务，或这两者的组合。例如，用户可向虚拟助理提出诸如“我现在在哪里？”之类的问题。基于用户的当前位置，虚拟助理可回答“你在中央公园。”用户还可请求执行任务，例如“请提醒我今天下午4点打电话给妈妈”。作为响应，虚拟助理可确认该请求，然后在用户的电子时间表中创建适当的提醒项目。在执行所请求的任务期间，虚拟助理可有时在很长时间段内在涉及多次信息交换的持续对话中与用户进行交互。存在与虚拟助理进行交互以请求信息或执行各种任务的许多其他方法。除提供言语响应并采取经编程的动作之外，虚拟助理还可提供其他视频或音频形式(例如，作为文本、警报、音乐、视频、动画等)的响应。
虚拟助理的示例在提交于2011年1月10日的名称为“Intelligent AutomatedAssistant”的申请人的美国实用新型专利申请序列号12/987,982中有所描述，该申请的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
如图1所示，在一些实施例中，可根据客户端-服务器模型来实施虚拟助理。虚拟助理可包括在用户设备102上执行的客户端侧部分，以及在服务器系统110上执行的服务器侧部分。用户设备102可包括任何电子设备，诸如移动电话、平板电脑、便携式媒体播放器、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、PDA、电视机、电视机顶盒、可穿戴电子设备等，并且可通过一个或多个网络108来与服务器系统110通信，所述网络可包括因特网、内联网或任何其他有线或无线公共或专用网络。在用户设备102上执行的客户端侧部分可提供客户端侧功能，诸如面向用户的输入和输出处理以及与服务器系统110的通信。服务器系统110可为驻留在相应用户设备102上的任何数量的客户端提供服务器侧功能。
服务器系统110可包括一个或多个虚拟助理服务器114，其可包括面向客户端的I/O接口122、一个或多个处理模块118、数据与模型存储器120以及到外部服务的I/O接口116。面向客户端的I/O接口122可促进虚拟助理服务器114的面向客户端的输入和输出处理。一个或多个处理模块118可利用数据与模型存储器120基于自然语言输入来确定用户的意图，并基于推断出的用户意图来进行任务执行。另外，数据与模型存储器120可存储与能够由用户设备102和/或服务器系统110控制的与一个或多个电子设备(例如电子设备128、130和132)相关联的唯一标识符、状态、类型、位置和任何其他相关信息。在一些实施例中，虚拟助理服务器114可通过网络108与诸如电话服务、日历服务、信息服务、消息服务、导航服务等外部服务124来通信，以进行任务完成或信息获取。到外部服务的I/O接口116可促进此类通信。
服务器系统110可在计算机的一个或多个独立式数据处理设备或分布式网络上实施。在一些实施例中，服务器系统110可采用第三方服务提供方(例如第三方云服务提供方)的各种虚拟设备和/或服务来提供服务器系统110的潜在计算资源和/或基础结构资源。
用户设备102还可经由一个或多个网络126耦接至电子设备128、130和132。电子设备128、130和132可包括任何类型的遥控电子设备，诸如灯泡(例如具有二进制开启/关闭状态、数字可调光状态、颜色状态等)、车库门(例如具有二进制打开/闭合状态)、门锁(例如具有二进制锁定/解锁状态)、恒温器(例如具有一个或多个数字温度状态，如高温、低温、基于时间的温度等)、电源插座(例如具有二进制接通/断开状态)、开关(例如具有二进制接通/断开状态)等。网络126可包括WiFi网络或任何其他有线或无线公共或专用本地网络。除此之外或作为替代，用户设备102可被耦接以使用例如蓝牙、BTLE、视线、对等网络或另外的基于无线电的通信或其他无线通信直接与电子设备128、130或132通信。因此，在例示的实施例中，用户设备102可位于电子设备128、130和132附近，使得该用户设备与这些电子设备可直接通信或通过相同的本地网络通信。例如，用户设备102以及电子设备128、130和132可位于相同的家庭或建筑物内，并且网络126可包括家庭或建筑物的WiFi网络。如下文参考图5、图8和图9更详细的讨论，用户设备102可响应于由用户向用户设备102提供的自然语言语音输入而发出命令，以控制电子设备128、130和132中的任一个。
虽然仅示出了三个电子设备128、130和132，但是应当理解，系统100可包括任何数量的电子设备。另外，虽然虚拟助理的功能在图1中被示为包括客户端侧部分和服务器侧部分，但在一些实施例中，虚拟助理的功能可被实施为安装在用户设备上的独立应用程序。此外，虚拟助理的客户端部分与服务器部分之间的功能划分可在不同的实施例中有所不同。例如，在一些实施例中，在用户设备102上执行的客户端可以是仅提供面向用户的输入和输出处理功能且将虚拟助理的所有其他功能委派给后端服务器的瘦客户端。
图2示出了根据各种实施例的用于实施虚拟助理以远程控制电子设备的另一个示例性系统200。与系统100类似，系统200可包括通过网络108通信耦接在一起的用户设备102、服务器系统110和外部服务124。然而，与系统100相反，用户设备102可不耦接至电子设备128、130和132。替代地，系统200可包括第二用户设备134，该第二用户设备被耦接以经由网络108与用户设备102和/或服务器系统110通信并且被耦接以经由网络126与电子设备128、130和132通信。该配置可表示用户和用户设备102远离电子设备128、130和132的情况(例如，用户和用户设备102在用户的办公室，而电子设备128、130和132在用户的家里)。
第二用户设备134可包括任何类型的电子设备，诸如移动电话、平板电脑、便携式媒体播放器、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、PDA、电视机、电视机顶盒、可穿戴电子设备等，并且可被配置成从用户设备102和/或服务器系统110接收命令并向电子设备128、130和132发出命令。如下文参考图6更详细的讨论，第二用户设备134可响应于由用户向用户设备102提供的自然语言语音输入而发出命令，以控制电子设备128、130和132中的任一个。
用户设备
图3是根据各种实施例的用户设备102(或第二用户设备134)的框图。如图所示，用户设备102可包括存储器接口302、一个或多个处理器304以及外围设备接口306。用户设备102中的各种部件可通过一条或多条通信总线或信号线耦接在一起。用户设备102还可包括耦接至外围设备接口306的各种传感器、子系统以及外围设备。传感器、子系统以及外围设备采集信息并且/或者促进用户设备102的各种功能。
例如，用户设备102可包括运动传感器310、光传感器312以及接近传感器314，这些传感器耦接至外围设备接口306以促进取向、照明和接近感测功能。一个或多个其他传感器316，诸如定位系统(例如GPS接收器)、温度传感器、生物计量传感器、陀螺仪、指南针、加速度计等，也连接至外围设备接口306，以促进相关功能。
在一些实施例中，可利用相机子系统320和光学传感器322来促进相机功能，诸如拍摄照片和记录视频剪辑。可通过一个或多个有线和/或无线通信子系统324来促进通信功能，该有线和/或无线通信子系统可包括各种通信端口、射频接收器与发射器和/或光学(如红外)接收器与发射器。可将音频子系统326耦接到扬声器328和麦克风330以促进支持语音的功能，诸如语音识别、语音复制、数字记录和电话功能。
在一些实施例中，用户设备102还可包括耦接至外围设备接口306的I/O子系统340。I/O子系统340可包括触摸屏控制器342和/或其他输入控制器344。触摸屏控制器342可耦接至触摸屏346。触摸屏346和触摸屏控制器342例如可使用多种触摸灵敏度技术中的任一种来检测接触和移动或它们的间断，所述多种触摸灵敏度技术诸如电容技术、电阻技术、红外技术以及表面声波技术、接近传感器阵列等。可将其他输入控制器344耦接到其他输入/控制设备348，例如一个或多个按钮、摇臂开关、拇指滚轮、红外端口、USB端口和/或指针设备(如触笔)。
在一些实施例中，用户设备102还可包括耦接至存储器350的存储器接口302。存储器350可包括任何电子、磁性、光学、电磁、红外或半导体系统、装置或设备、便携式计算机磁盘(磁性)、随机存取存储器(RAM)(磁性)、只读存储器(ROM)(磁性)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(EPROM)(磁性)、便携式光盘诸如CD、CD-R、CD-RW、DVD、DVD-R或DVD-RW，或闪存存储器诸如紧凑型闪存卡、安全数字卡、USB存储设备、记忆棒等。在一些实施例中，存储器350的非暂态计算机可读存储介质可用于存储供指令执行系统、装置或设备使用或与指令执行系统、装置或设备结合使用的(例如用于执行下文所述的过程500、600、700、800或900中的一些或全部的)指令，所述指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统，或者可从指令执行系统、装置或设备提取指令并执行指令的其他系统。在其他实施例中，(例如用于执行下文所述的过程500、600、700、800或900的)指令可被存储在服务器系统110的非暂态计算机可读存储介质上，或者可在存储器350的非暂态计算机可读存储介质与服务器系统110的非暂态计算机可读存储介质之间被划分。在本文的上下文中，“非暂态计算机可读存储介质”可以是可包含或存储程序以供指令执行系统、装置和设备使用或与其结合的任何介质。
在一些实施例中，存储器350可存储操作系统352、通信模块354、图形用户界面模块356、传感器处理模块358、电话模块360和应用程序362。操作系统352可包括用于处理基础系统服务以及用于执行硬件相关任务的指令。通信模块354可促进与一个或多个附加设备、一个或多个计算机和/或一个或多个服务器进行通信。图形用户界面模块356可促进图形用户界面处理。传感器处理模块358可促进与传感器相关的处理和功能。电话模块360可促进与电话相关的过程和功能。应用模块362可促进用户应用程序的各种功能，诸如电子消息传送、网页浏览、媒体处理、导航、成像和/或其他过程和功能。
存储器350还可存储客户端侧虚拟助理指令(例如，在虚拟助理客户端模块364中)以及各种用户数据366(例如，特定于用户的词汇数据、偏好数据，和/或其他数据诸如用户的电子通讯录、待办事项列表、购物清单等)以提供虚拟助理的客户端侧功能。
在各种实施例中，虚拟助理客户端模块364可以能够通过用户设备102的各种用户界面(例如I/O子系统340、音频子系统326等)来接受声音输入(例如语音输入)、文本输入、触摸输入和/或手势输入。虚拟助理客户端模块364还可以能够提供音频(例如语音输出)、视频和/或触觉形式的输出。例如，可将输出提供为语音、声音、警报、文本消息、菜单、图形、视频、动画、振动、和/或以上两者或更多者的组合。在操作期间，虚拟助理客户端模块364可使用通信子系统324来与虚拟助理服务器通信。
在一些实施例中，虚拟助理客户端模块364可利用各种传感器、子系统和外围设备来从用户设备102的周围环境采集附加信息以建立与用户、当前用户交互和/或当前用户输入相关联的上下文。在一些实施例中，虚拟助理客户端模块364可将上下文信息或其子集与用户输入一起提供至虚拟助理服务器以帮助推断用户的意图。虚拟助理还可使用上下文信息来确定如何准备输出并将其传送至用户。
在一些实施例中，伴随用户输入的上下文信息可包括传感器信息，诸如照明、环境噪声、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频、到另一个对象的距离等。上下文信息还可包括与用户设备102的物理状态(例如设备取向、设备位置、设备温度、功率电平、速度、加速度、运动模式、蜂窝信号强度等)或者用户设备102的软件状态(例如运行过程、已安装程序、过去和当前的网络活动、后台服务、错误日志、资源使用等)相关联的信息。这些类型的上下文信息中的任一种可作为与用户输入相关联的上下文信息提供给虚拟助理服务器114。
在一些实施例中，虚拟助理客户端模块364可响应于来自虚拟助理服务器114的请求而选择性地提供存储在用户设备102上的信息(例如用户数据366)。虚拟助理客户端模块364还可在虚拟助理服务器114请求时引出来自用户经由自然语言对话或其他用户界面的附加输入。虚拟助理客户端模块364可将所述附加输入传送至虚拟助理服务器114，以帮助虚拟助理服务器114进行意图推断和/或满足在用户请求中表达的用户意图。
存储器350还可存储电子设备数据370，该电子设备数据可包括与能够由用户设备102和/或服务器系统110控制的电子设备(例如电子设备128、130和132)中的一者或多者相关联的唯一标识符、状态、类型、位置和任何其他相关信息。图4示出了可被存储在用于七个不同电子设备的电子设备数据370中的条目的视觉表示。如图所示，每个条目包括电子设备的唯一名称、类型和状态。虚拟助理服务器114的数据与模型存储器120可包括用于电子设备的类似或相同的条目，所述条目可与存储器350的电子设备数据370的电子设备条目分开保存。
重新参照图3，存储器350还可包括(例如在守护进程模块368中的)用于创建和更新电子设备数据370中的电子设备的条目、与系统100的电子设备通信以及用于与服务器系统110通信的指令。例如，为了将电子设备添加到系统100，与电子设备相关联的软件应用可与执行守护进程模块368的处理器304通信，以向用户设备102提供电子设备的唯一名称、类型、状态、位置等。软件应用可允许用户以任何期望的方式输入唯一名称。例如，可在应用程序中提供具有公共名称和/或自由格式文本字段的下拉框，以允许用户命名特定设备。电子设备的类型、状态和/或位置可由软件应用通过与电子设备通信来预先确定或确定。执行守护进程模块368的处理器304可将该信息存储为电子设备数据370中的条目，并且还可将该信息传输到服务器系统110以存储在数据与模型存储器120中。另外，当由处理器304执行时，守护进程模块368可经由网络从服务器系统110接收要提供给电子设备128、130和132的命令，并可将这些命令传输到适当的电子设备。执行守护进程模块368的处理器304还可从电子设备128、130和132接收状态更新、更新电子设备数据370中的相应条目以反映设备的更新状态，并且将状态更新传输到服务器系统110，以允许服务器系统110更新数据与模型存储器120中的相应条目，从而反映设备的更新状态。
另外，守护进程模块368可包括用于管理其他设备和软件应用访问电子设备数据370的指令。例如，当由处理器304执行时，守护进程模块368可准许服务器系统110访问所有电子设备数据370，但是可限制其他设备或软件应用仅访问电子设备数据370的一部分。当用户设备102用于控制由不同制造商制造的电子设备时，这可能是有用的。在这些情况下，来自每个制造商的设备或软件应用可使用API来与守护进程模块368通信，并且守护进程模块368可限制所述设备或软件应用仅访问电子设备数据370中与它们各自的电子设备对应的那部分。例如，公司X可制造能够由用户设备102控制的灯泡，并且公司Y可制造能够由用户设备102控制的恒温器。守护进程模块368可促进用户设备102与灯泡和恒温器中每一者之间的通信，从而允许用户设备102向电子设备发出命令并且接收与电子设备相关联的状态信息，以用于更新电子设备数据370。然而，守护进程模块368可将灯泡(以及在用户设备102上运行的相关软件应用)对电子设备数据370中信息的访问仅限于访问与灯泡(以及可能由公司X制造的任何其他电子设备)相关联的信息。类似地，守护进程模块368可将恒温器(以及在用户设备102上运行的相关软件应用)对电子设备数据370中信息的访问仅限于访问与恒温器(以及可能由公司Y制造的任何其他电子设备)相关联的信息。然而，守护进程模块368可准许服务器系统110访问电子设备数据370中的所有信息。
在各种实施例中，存储器350可包括另外的指令或更少的指令。此外，可在硬件和/或固件中，包括在一个或多个信号处理和/或专用集成电路中，执行用户设备102的各种功能。
电子设备的本地控制
图5示出了使用虚拟助理来控制电子设备的示例性过程500。在一些实施例中，可使用与图1所示的系统100类似或相同的系统执行过程500。在这些实施例中，过程500的框可由用户设备102和服务器系统110两者执行。具体地，图5的左侧的框可由用户设备102执行，而图5的右侧的框可由服务器系统110执行。
在框502处，可在用户设备处接收包括用户语音的音频输入。在一些实施例中，用户设备(例如用户设备102)可经由麦克风(例如麦克风330)接收包括用户语音的音频输入。麦克风可将音频输入转换为模拟表示或数字表示，并将音频数据提供给一个或多个处理器(例如处理器304)。
在框504处，可将与在框502处接收的音频输入对应的数据传输到一个或多个服务器以供处理。例如，用户设备102可经由网络108将对应于音频输入的数据传输到服务器系统110的虚拟助理服务器114。
在框506处，与在框504处由用户设备传输的音频输入对应的数据可被一个或多个服务器接收。例如，服务器系统110的虚拟助理服务器114可经由网络108接收对应于由用户设备102传输的音频输入的数据。
在框508处，可对与音频输入对应的数据执行语音到文本转换，以将用户语音转换为用户语音的文本表示。可使用任何已知的语音到文本转换方法来转换用户语音。
在框510处，可至少部分地基于在框508处生成的文本表示来识别一个或多个电子设备。在一些实施例中，框510可包括：处理用户输入的文本表示以确定用户意图，从而向一个或多个电子设备发出命令。如上所述，服务器系统110可包括一个或多个数据与模型存储器120，该数据与模型存储器可存储唯一标识符、状态、类型、位置，以及与可使用系统100控制的电子设备相关联的任何其他相关信息。因此，框510可包括：识别具有在数据与模型存储器120中存储的相关联信息的电子设备中的一个或多个。
可通过任意种方式来识别一个或多个电子设备。在一些实施例中，可通过解析文本表示来识别一个或多个电子设备，以识别与系统100支持的对应于电子设备的名词集合中的任一者。例如，该名词集合可包括在电子设备数据370以及数据与模型存储器120中存储的电子设备的唯一名称、电子设备的可能类型及其同义词(例如车库门、恒温器、发光体、可调发光体、开关、可更换颜色的灯、灯泡、灯、锁、插座、管座等)、可能的设备状态类别(例如音量、温度、亮度、颜色等)等。
为了说明，使用图4的示例性电子设备条目，该名词集合可包括七个电子设备的唯一名称(例如“车库门”、“楼上恒温器”、“楼下恒温器”、“客厅灯1”、“客厅灯2”、“前门”和“烤面包机插座”)、电子设备的可能类型及其同义词(例如“车库门”、“恒温器”、“发光体”、“灯泡”、“灯”、“锁”、“插座”、“管座”等)，以及可能的设备状态类别(例如温度)。因此，如果在框508处生成的用户语音的文本表示包括“锁定前门”，则可使用处理模块118以及数据与模型存储器120来处理文本表示，以搜索该名词集合中的任一者。作为搜索的结果，可确定该文本表示包括唯一名称“前门”，并且在框510处识别的电子设备可包括该设备。应当理解，取决于用户语音的文本表示，可在框510处识别多于一个电子设备。例如，如果在框508处生成的用户语音的文本表示改为包括“关闭所有灯泡”，则可使用处理模块118以及数据与模型存储器120来处理文本表示，以搜索该名词集合中的任一者。作为搜索的结果，可确定的是，文本表示包括可能的设备类型“发光体”的同义词“灯泡”，并且来自用户的指令是关闭所有这些类型的设备。因此，在框510处识别的电子设备可包括“客厅灯1”和“客厅灯2”。
在一些实施例中，可能难以仅使用上述名词集合来识别适当的电子设备。例如，包括“打开发光体”的文本表示可产生与“客厅灯1”和“客厅灯2”两者的类型匹配。在这些实施例中，框510还可包括：使用从用户设备102接收的上下文信息(例如，被接收作为与框506处的音频输入对应的数据的一部分)，以消除潜在的匹配电子设备之间的歧义。可使用任何类型的上下文信息，诸如传感器信息(例如照明、环境噪声、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频、到另一对象的距离等)、与用户设备102的物理状态(例如设备取向、设备位置、设备温度、功率电平、速度、加速度、运动模式、蜂窝信号强度等)、用户设备102的软件状态(例如运行进程、过去的和现在的网络活动、后台服务、错误日志、资源使用等)等相关联的信息。例如，继续上文提供的“打开发光体”实施例，当在框502处用户设备102接收到音频输入时，可在框504和框506处将用户设备102的位置和取向提供给服务器系统110。该上下文信息可用于确定用户设备102的位置和/或在接收到用户语音时用户设备102所指向的方向。当与存储在数据与模型存储器120中的“客厅灯1”和“客厅灯2”的已知位置相比较时，可在框510处选择最近的发光体或用户设备102所指向的发光体作为电子设备。可在框510处以类似的方式使用其他类型的上下文信息来通过识别上下文信息以消除潜在的匹配电子设备之间的歧义，所述上下文信息使得一个或多个潜在的匹配电子设备或多或少可能已被用户语音的文本表示引用。
在其他实施例中，与用户输入的文本表示中的状态相关联的字词可附加地或替代地用于消除潜在的匹配电子设备之间的歧义或者用于识别适当的电子设备。例如，包括“将其转到68”的文本表示可不使用上述名词集合来产生任何匹配。因此，在这些实施例中，框510还可包括：解析文本表示以识别与对应于系统100所支持的电子设备的状态相关联的字词集合中的任一个。例如，与状态相关联的字词集合可包括电子设备的可能状态及其同义词(例如，打开、闭合的、闭合、关断、开启、关闭、有源、无源、锁定、锁定的、颜色等)、状态值的类型(例如，二进制、浮点等)、对设备状态的查询、与特定类型的状态相关联的形容词(例如，更暖、更冷、更亮、更暗、颜色等)等。当用于解析“将其转到68”时，可确定文本表示包括浮点值“68”。与图4所示的条目相比时，可确定仅“楼上恒温器”和“楼下恒温器”接受了状态浮点值。为了消除这两个恒温器之间的歧义，可使用上下文信息(例如，用户设备102的位置)选择更靠近用户设备102的恒温器作为在框510处所识别的电子设备。类似地，如果文本表示改为包括“使其更亮”，则与状态相关联的字词集合可用于确定文本表示包括字词“更亮”，所述“更亮”是描述具有“发光体”类型的设备的状态的形容词。为了消除这两个发光体之间的歧义，可使用上下文信息(例如，用户设备102的位置)选择更接近用户设备102的发光体作为在框510处所识别的电子设备。
在框512处，可识别将由在框510处所识别的一个或多个电子设备中的每个电子设备执行的命令。可以任意种方式识别要执行的命令。在一些实施例中，可通过解析用户语音的文本表示以识别与状态相关联的字词集合中的任一个(例如，电子设备的可能状态及其同义词、状态值的类型、对设备状态的查询、与特定类型的状态相关联的形容词)，从而识别要执行的命令。然后，可使用所识别的状态或操作识别将由在框510处所识别的一个或多个电子设备中的每个电子设备执行的命令。例如，如果用户语音的文本表示包括“锁定前门”，则可确定文本表示包括来自状态集合的“锁定”状态。因此，可在框512处生成和识别向“锁定”状态转变的命令，作为将由在框510处所识别的电子设备“前门”执行的命令。尽管在上述实施例中识别了用于单个电子设备的单个命令，但是应当理解，如果在框510处识别出多个电子设备，则可识别多个命令。例如，文本表示“开启所有发光体”可使得在框512处识别针对“客厅灯1”和“客厅灯2”中的每一个转变到“开启”状态的命令。
在一些实施例中，当用户语音的文本表示包括与特定类型的状态(例如更暖、更冷、更亮、更暗等)相关联的形容词之一时，框512可包括：识别用于将在框510处所识别的电子设备的状态设置为相对于其当前值的值的命令。例如，如果文本表示包括“使其变暖”，则在框514处所识别的命令可以是将在框510处所识别的恒温器的温度增加预先确定的量的命令。该命令可以是相对于电子设备的当前值将状态值改变一定量的命令，而不是将状态值转变为特定值(例如，使用在数据与模型存储器120中存储的恒温器状态来确定的)的命令，这是因为电子设备的实际状态可能不同于在数据与模型存储器120中存储的状态。
在一些实施例中，当用户语音的文本表示包括对设备状态的查询时，框512可包括：识别用于使用户设备102查询所识别的电子设备的指令。例如，如果文本表示包括“车库门是否闭合？”，则在框514处所识别的命令可以是用于查询电子设备“车库门”的状态的命令。
在框514处，可将在框510处所识别的一个或多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的标识以及待由在框512处所识别的一个或多个电子设备执行的命令传输到用户设备。例如，服务器系统110可经由网络108将与在框510处所识别的每个电子设备相关联的唯一标识符以及待由一个或多个电子设备执行的命令传输到用户设备102。
在一些实施例中，还可在框514处将在框508处所生成的用户语音的文本表示传输到用户设备。在这些实施例中，框510和框514也可在用户设备上执行。所传输的文本表示可由用户设备用来识别一个或多个电子设备和/或识别电子设备数据370中的待由一个或多个电子设备执行的一个或多个命令。这可能例如在用户设备中的电子设备数据370与一个或多个服务器上的数据相比更新的情况下是期望的。在这种情况下，用户设备可识别电子设备和/或在一个或多个服务器的数据中未包括的命令。
在其他实施例中，可在框510和/或框512处在一个或多个服务器中解析文本表示，以确定可适于识别一个或多个电子设备和/或识别待由所述一个或多个电子设备执行的一个或多个命令的关键字或术语。在这些实施例中，还可在框514处将所解析的关键字或术语传输到用户设备。所传输的关键字或术语可由用户设备用来识别一个或多个电子设备和/或识别电子设备数据370中的待由一个或多个电子设备执行的一个或多个命令。这可能例如在用户设备中的电子设备数据370与一个或多个服务器上的数据相比更新的情况下是期望的。在这种情况下，用户设备可识别电子设备和/或在一个或多个服务器的数据中未包括的命令。
在框516处，可由用户设备接收一个或多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的标识以及由一个或多个服务器传输的命令。例如，用户设备102可在框514处经由网络108接收由服务器系统110传输的唯一标识符和命令。
在框518处，用户设备可将在框516处接收的命令传输到与在框516处接收的标识符相关联的电子设备。例如，如果用户设备102在框516处接收到与电子设备128(例如，“前门”)相关联的标识符以及用于将电子设备转变为“锁定”状态的命令，则用户设备102可经由网络126将该命令传输到电子设备128以将电子设备转变为“锁定”状态。如果用户设备102在框516处接收到另外的标识符和命令，则用户设备102还可在框518处将这些命令进一步传输到所识别的电子设备。
在一些实施例中，电子设备的实际状态可能不同于在用户设备102(例如，存储器350)和/或服务器系统110(例如，数据与模型存储器120)中所存储的电子设备状态。例如，在没有使用系统100的虚拟助理的情况下，门锁可能已经被手动打开或关闭。因此，在一些实施例中，可执行框518，而不管在用户设备102和/或服务器系统110中所存储的电子设备状态如何。例如，即使用户设备102和/或服务器系统110中的相应条目指示门已经被锁定，将门锁状态设置为“锁定”的命令仍然可被传输到门锁。此外，可在不先查询电子设备(例如，在框516与框518之间)以确定其实际状态的情况下执行框518，以便减少向电子设备发出命令所需的时间量。例如，可在不先查询门锁状态的情况下将门锁状态设置为“锁定”的命令传输到门锁，由此使传输对门锁的命令所需的时间减少了与将查询发送至门锁以及接收门锁状态所需的时间对应的量。
在框520处，在每个电子设备(在框518处向该电子设备发送了命令)执行它们各自的命令之后，用户设备可接收每个电子设备的当前状态。例如，用户设备102可在电子设备128执行将电子设备状态设置为“锁定”的命令之后接收电子设备的更新状态。在该实施例中，返回到用户设备102的当前状态可以是“锁定”状态。如果在框518处将命令发送到多于一个电子设备，则框520还可包括接收那些电子设备的当前状态。在一些实施例中，框520还可包括：基于所接收的当前状态更新电子设备数据370中的电子设备状态。例如，用户设备102可将电子设备数据370中的电子设备128状态更新为“锁定”。在一些实施例中，框520还可包括：基于所传输的命令和所接收的电子设备当前状态，输出在框518处传输到电子设备的命令的结果的音频指示或视觉指示。例如，如果传输到电子设备128的命令是将设备状态转变为“锁定”的命令并且在框520处接收的电子设备128的当前状态是“锁定”，则结果的指示可以是电子设备128成功地转变为“锁定”状态。或者，如果所接收的电子设备当前状态(例如，“解锁”)不同于在命令中指示的期望状态(例如，“锁定”)，则未成功转变为“锁定”状态的指示可以被呈现给用户。当前状态还可包括错误状态，诸如设备的未确定状态或不可用状态。
在框522处，用户设备可将在框520处接收的电子设备当前状态传输到一个或多个服务器。例如，用户设备102可将在框520处接收的电子设备当前状态传输到服务器系统110。如果在框520处接收到多于一个电子设备的当前状态，则框522还可包括：将这些当前状态传输到服务器系统110。
在框524处，一个或多个服务器可接收在框522处由用户设备传输的电子设备当前状态。例如，在框522处，服务器系统110可接收由用户设备102传输的电子设备当前状态。如果用户设备102传输了多于一个当前状态，则框524还可包括接收那些当前状态。在一些实施例中，框524还可包括：基于所接收的当前状态更新数据与模型存储器120中的电子设备状态。例如，服务器系统110可将数据与模型存储器120中的电子设备128状态更新为“锁定”。
在一些实施例中，过程500还可包括：响应于确定已经满足预先确定的条件，生成与电子设备中的一个或多个电子设备的当前状态相关联的通知。例如，响应于当一个或多个电子设备处于预先确定的状态(例如，“前门”被解锁)时用户设备102的位置离开预先确定的区域(例如，与用户的家对应的区域)，可经由用户设备102向用户呈现用于指示用户忘记锁定门的通知。可响应于其他预先确定的条件而生成其他类似的通知。
使用过程500，由用户设备实现的虚拟助理可接收自然语言命令以设置状态或查询任何数量的电子设备。自然语言命令可以任何期望的方式指代电子设备，并且不需要包括电子设备的唯一标识符或电子设备的类型。
电子设备的远程控制
图6示出了使用虚拟助理远程控制电子设备的示例性过程600。在一些实施例中，过程600可类似于过程500，不同之处在于，可使用与图2所示的系统200类似或相同的系统执行过程600。例如，可由远离受控的电子设备(例如，电子设备128、130和132)定位的用户设备(例如，用户设备102)来执行过程600，并且第二用户设备(例如，第二用户设备134)可替代地用于控制电子设备。因此，过程600的各部分可由用户设备102、服务器系统110和第二用户设备134中的每一个来执行。具体地讲，图6左侧的块可由用户设备102执行，图6中间的框可由服务器系统110执行，并且图6右侧的框可由第二用户设备134执行。
过程600的框可与过程500的相同编号的框相似或相同，不同之处在于，过程600的框516、518、520和522可替代地由第二用户设备(例如，第二用户设备134)执行。另外，作为结果，在框514处一个或多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的标识以及待由电子设备执行的命令可替代地被传输到第二用户设备，并且在框524处可替代地从第二用户设备接收电子设备的当前状态。
在一些实施例中，过程600还可包括：由一个或多个服务器将在框524处接收的电子设备当前状态传输到在框502处接收音频输入的用户设备。除此之外或作为替代，该过程可包括：在框518处传输有关向电子设备传输的命令成功的指示。例如，可生成视觉输出或音频输出，用于向用户通知由电子设备执行命令成功、部分成功或失败。成功的确定可取决于传输到电子设备的命令以及在框524处接收的设备当前状态。
电子设备的独立控制
图7示出了使用虚拟助理来控制电子设备的示例性过程700。在一些实施例中，过程700可类似于过程500，不同之处在于，可使用独立用户设备执行过程700，该独立用户设备可执行用户设备102和服务器系统110两者的功能。结果，过程700的所有框可由用户设备(例如，用户设备102)执行。
过程700的框可与过程500的相同编号的框相似或相同，不同之处在于，框508、510和512可替代地由用户设备(例如，用户设备102)执行。另外，作为结果，不需要执行与用于在用户设备102与服务器系统110之间进行通信的功能对应的框(例如框504、506、514、516、522和524)。
存储电子设备的配置
图8示出了使用虚拟助理将多个电子设备的状态存储为配置的示例性过程800。该配置可表示所存储的多个电子设备的状态集合，可在语音用户输入中引用该状态集合以使多个电子设备转变为在配置中定义的状态。例如，用户可创建“睡眠”配置，其中所有发光体的状态被设置为关闭，恒温器的状态被设置为72℉，所有门的状态被设置为锁定，并且车库门被设置为闭合。因此，当用户即将要睡觉时，用户可向用户设备102提供用于引用所存储的配置(例如，“我要睡觉”)的命令，并且系统100可基于睡眠配置中存储的状态来设置电子设备的状态。在一些实施例中，可使用与图1所示的系统100类似或相同的系统执行过程800。在这些实施例中，过程800的框可由用户设备102和服务器系统110两者执行。具体地讲，图8的左侧的框可由用户设备102执行，而右侧的框可由服务器系统110执行。
在框802处，可以与过程500的框502相似或相同的方式在用户设备处接收包括用户语音的音频输入。在框804处，可将与在框802处接收的音频输入对应的数据传输到一个或多个服务器，以便通过与过程500的框504相似或相同的方式来进行处理。
在框806处，可由一个或多个服务器以与过程500的框506类似或相同的方式接收与在框804处由用户设备传输的音频输入对应的数据。在框808处，可对与音频输入对应的数据执行语音到文本转换，从而以与过程500的框508类似或相同的方式将用户语音转换为用户语音的文本表示。
在框810处，可以确定用户语音的文本表示代表用户想要将系统100的电子设备的状态存储为配置的意图。例如，服务器系统110的一个或多个处理模块118可利用数据与模型存储器120基于自然语言输入来确定用户的意图。在一些实施例中，这可包括：解析可能与存储诸如“保存”、“存储”、“名称”、“保持”、“配置”、“场景”及它们的同义词等配置相关的字词的文本表示。例如，如果文本表示包括“将此配置存储为睡眠”，则可在框810处确定用户打算将电子设备的状态存储为“睡眠”配置。诸如“将此场景保存为工作”等其他文本表示可类似地导致在框810处确定用户打算将电子设备的状态存储为“工作”配置。
在框812处，响应于确定用户语音的文本表示代表用户将系统100的电子设备的状态存储为配置的意图，一个或多个服务器可向用户设备传输指令以查询电子设备的状态。例如，服务器系统110可经由网络108向用户设备102传输指令以查询电子设备128、130和132的状态。
在框814处，可由用户设备接收用于查询由一个或多个服务器传输的电子设备状态的指令。例如，用户设备102可经由网络108从服务器系统110接收用于查询电子设备128、130和132的状态的指令。
在框816处，用户设备可向每个电子设备传输针对它们当前状态的查询。例如，用户设备102可经由网络126向电子设备128、130和132中的每个电子设备传输命令，指示它们返回其当前状态。
在框818处，用户设备可响应于在框516处传输的查询而接收每个电子设备的当前状态(或者能够传输其当前状态的所有电子设备的当前状态)。例如，响应于在框816处发送到每个设备的查询，用户设备102可经由网络126接收电子设备128、130和132的当前状态。在一些实施例中，框818还可包括：基于所接收的当前状态更新电子设备数据370中的电子设备状态。当前状态还可包括错误状态，诸如设备的未确定状态或不可用状态。
在框820处，用户设备可将在框818处接收的电子设备当前状态传输到一个或多个服务器。例如，用户设备102可将在框818处接收的电子设备当前状态传输到服务器系统110。
在框822处，一个或多个服务器可接收在框820处由用户设备传输的电子设备当前状态。例如，服务器系统110可经由网络126从用户设备102接收电子设备128、130和132的当前状态。
在框824处，一个或多个服务器可将在框822处接收的电子设备当前状态存储为配置。在一些实施例中，可基于在文本表示中所提供的并且在框810处所识别的名称，向配置分配唯一的标识符，诸如“睡眠”、“早晨”、“工作”等。例如，服务器系统110可响应于在框802处接收的包括“将此配置命名为睡眠”的用户语音，将电子设备128、130和132的当前状态存储为模型与数据存储器120中的“睡眠”配置。
使用所存储的配置控制电子设备
图9示出了使用虚拟助理利用先前存储的配置(例如，使用过程800创建的配置)设置多个电子设备的状态的示例性过程900。在一些实施例中，可使用与图1所示的系统100类似或相同的系统执行过程900。在这些实施例中，过程900的框可由用户设备102和服务器系统110两者执行。具体地讲，图9的左侧的框可由用户设备102执行，而右侧的框可由服务器系统110执行。
在框902处，可以与过程500的框502相似或相同的方式在用户设备处接收包括用户语音的音频输入。在框904处，可将与在框902处接收的音频输入对应的数据传输到一个或多个服务器，以便通过与过程500的框504相似或相同的方式来进行处理。
在框906处，可由一个或多个服务器以与过程500的框506类似或相同的方式接收与在框904处由用户设备传输的音频输入对应的数据。在框908处，可对音频输入的用户语音执行语音到文本转换，从而以与过程500的框508类似或相同的方式将用户语音转换为用户语音的文本表示。
在框910处，可以确定用户语音的文本表示代表用户想要基于所存储的配置来设置系统100的电子设备状态的意图。例如，服务器系统110的一个或多个处理模块118可利用数据与模型存储器120基于自然语言输入来确定用户的意图。在一些实施例中，这可包括：解析可能与使用所存储的配置相关的字词的文本表示，诸如与所存储的配置“设置”、“配置”、“场景”及它们的同义词等相关联的唯一标识符。例如，如果文本表示包括“我要睡觉”，则可在框910处确定用户打算基于“睡眠”配置来设置电子设备的状态。诸如“夜间模式”、“设置为睡眠”等其他文本表示可类似地导致在框910处确定用户打算基于“睡眠”配置来设置电子设备的状态。
在框912处，可由一个或多个服务器将命令传输到用户设备，所述命令用以基于在框910处识别的配置来设置系统100的电子设备状态。还可传输与该命令相关联的标识，以识别哪些设备要执行每个命令。例如，服务器系统110可传输与电子设备相关联的唯一标识符以及待由这些电子设备执行的命令，以使电子设备处于由所存储的配置指定的状态。
在框914处，用户设备可接收用于设置由服务器传输的系统100的电子设备状态的命令。例如，用户设备102可在框912处经由网络108接收由服务器系统110传输的命令。
在框916处，用户设备可将在框914处接收的命令传输到与该命令相关联的电子设备。例如，用户设备102可经由网络126向电子设备128、130和132传输命令，以使电子设备处于由所存储的配置指定的状态。
在一些实施例中，电子设备的实际状态可能不同于在用户设备102(例如，存储器350)和/或服务器系统110(例如，数据与模型存储器120)中所存储的电子设备状态。因此，在一些实施例中并且与过程500类似，可执行框916，而不管存储在用户设备102和/或服务器系统110中的电子设备的状态如何，并且没有首先查询电子设备(例如，在框914与框916之间)以确定它们的实际状态，以便减少向电子设备发出命令所需的时间量。
在框918处，用户设备可在框916处由电子设备执行由用户设备传输的命令之后接收电子设备的更新状态。例如，用户设备102可在电子设备128、130和132执行命令以将它们的状态设置为由所存储的配置指定的状态之后接收所述电子设备的更新状态。在一些实施例中，框920还可包括：基于所接收的当前状态来更新电子设备数据370中的电子设备状态。例如，用户设备102可将电子设备数据370中的电子设备128状态更新为“锁定”。在一些实施例中，类似于框520，框918还可包括：基于所传输的命令和所接收的电子设备当前状态，输出在框916处传输到电子设备的命令的结果的音频指示或视觉指示。更新状态还可包括错误状态，诸如设备的未确定状态或不可用状态。
在框920处，用户设备可将在框918处接收的电子设备更新状态传输到一个或多个服务器。例如，用户设备102可将在框918处接收的电子设备更新状态传输到服务器系统110。
在框922处，一个或多个服务器可接收在框920处由用户设备传输的电子设备更新状态。例如，在框920处，服务器系统110可接收由用户设备102传输的电子设备更新状态。在一些实施例中，框922还可包括：基于所接收的更新状态更新数据与模型存储器120中的电子设备状态。
在一些实施例中，除此之外或作为替代，响应于确定已经满足预先确定的条件，可使用所存储的配置来配置电子设备的状态。例如，响应于用户设备102的位置进入预先确定的区域(例如，与用户的家对应的区域)，可向电子设备发送命令以使电子设备转变为由所存储的配置(例如，“家庭”配置)指定的状态。类似地，响应于用户设备102的位置离开预先确定的区域(例如，与用户的家对应的区域)，可在预先确定的时间窗口期间(例如，在工作日的早上8点到9点之间)，向电子设备发送命令以使电子设备转变为由所存储的另一个配置(例如，“工作”配置)指定的状态。可创建其他类似的预先确定的条件以使系统100基于所存储的配置来配置电子设备。
电子设备
根据一些实施例，图10示出了根据各种所述实施例的原理所配置的电子设备1000的功能框图。该设备的功能块可由执行各种所述实施例的原理的硬件、软件或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图10中所述的功能块可被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述示例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合或分离或进一步限定。
如图10所示，电子设备1000可包括配置用于显示用户界面和接收触摸输入的触摸屏显示单元1002以及被配置用于接收声音输入的声音接收单元1004。在一些实施例中，电子设备1000可包括被配置用于生成声音的扬声器单元1006。电子设备1000还可包括耦接至触摸屏显示单元1002和声音接收单元1004(并且任选地耦接至扬声器单元1006)的处理单元1008。在一些实施例中，处理单元1008可包括音频输入接收单元1010、音频输入传输单元1012、标识与命令接收单元1014、标识与命令传输单元1016、状态接收单元1018、状态传输单元1020、状态更新单元1022、指示输出单元1024、第二标识与命令接收单元1026、第二标识与命令传输单元1028、第二状态接收单元1030、第二状态传输单元1032和通知传输单元1034。
处理单元1008可被配置成(例如，使用音频输入接收单元1010)接收包含用户语音的音频输入。处理单元1008还可被配置成(例如，使用音频输入传输单元1012)将与音频输入对应的数据传输到一个或多个服务器。处理单元1008还可被配置成(例如，使用标识与命令接收单元1014)从一个或多个服务器接收：由一个或多个服务器基于与音频输入对应的数据所确定的第一电子设备的标识、以及由一个或多个服务器基于与音频输入对应的数据所确定的待由第一电子设备执行的第一命令。第一命令可(例如，使用标识与命令传输单元1016)传输到第一电子设备。在向第一电子设备传输第一命令之后，可(例如，使用状态接收单元1018)从第一电子设备接收第一电子设备的当前状态。第一电子设备的当前状态可(例如，使用状态传输单元1020)传输到一个或多个服务器。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括灯泡。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置灯的开启/关闭状态、可调光状态或颜色状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置灯泡的开启/关闭状态、可调光状态或颜色状态的第一命令之后的灯泡的开启/关闭状态、可调光状态或颜色状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括开关。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置开关的接通/断开状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置开关的接通/断开状态的第一命令之后的开关的接通/断开状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括电源插座。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置电源插座的有源/无源状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置电源插座的有源/无源状态的命令之后的电源插座的有源/无源状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括门锁。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置门锁的锁定/解锁状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置门锁的锁定/解锁状态的命令之后的门锁的锁定/解锁状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括车库门。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置车库门的打开/闭合状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置车库门的打开/闭合状态的命令之后的车库门的打开/闭合状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括恒温器。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置恒温器的温度设定数值的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置恒温器的温度设定数值的第一命令之后的恒温器的温度设定数值。
在一些实施例中，第一命令包括对第一电子设备的当前状态的查询。
在一些实施例中，第一命令可(例如，使用标识与命令传输单元1016)通过本地无线网络传输到第一电子设备。
在一些实施例中，第一命令可通过蓝牙、视线、对等网络或WiFi通信直接传输到第一电子设备。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1008可被配置成不包括：在从一个或多个服务器接收第一命令以及将第一命令传输到第一电子设备之间查询第一电子设备以获知第一电子设备的状态。
在一些实施例中，电子设备1000还可包括用于存储多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的状态的数据库单元1034，所述多个电子设备包括第一电子设备。在其他实施例中，处理单元1008还可被配置成至少部分地基于从第一电子设备接收到的第一电子设备的当前状态(例如，使用状态更新单元1022)更新在数据库单元1034中所存储的第一电子设备的状态。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1008还可被配置成基于第一命令以及从第一电子设备接收到的第一电子设备的当前状态(例如，使用指示输出单元1024)输出第一命令的结果的指示。
在一些实施例中，电子设备1000可包括移动电话、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、平板计算机、便携式媒体播放器、电视机、电视机顶盒或可穿戴电子设备。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1008还可被配置成(例如，使用第二标识与命令接收单元1026)从一个或多个服务器接收：由一个或多个服务器基于与音频输入对应的数据所确定的第二电子设备的标识、以及由一个或多个服务器基于与音频输入对应的数据所确定的待由第二电子设备执行的第二命令。处理单元1008还可被配置成(例如，使用第二标识与命令传输单元1028)向第二电子设备传输第二命令，以及在将第二命令传输到第二电子设备之后，(例如，使用第二状态接收单元1030)从第二电子设备接收第二电子设备的当前状态。处理单元1008还可被配置成(例如，使用第二状态传输单元1032)将第二电子设备的当前状态传输到一个或多个服务器。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1008还可被配置成响应于确定已经满足预先确定的条件，(例如，使用通知传输单元1036)传输与第一电子设备的当前状态相关联的通知。
根据一些实施例，图11示出了根据各种所述实施例的原理所配置的电子设备1100的功能框图。该设备的功能块可由执行各种所述实施例的原理的硬件、软件或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图11中所述的功能块可被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述示例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合或分离或进一步限定。
如图11所示，电子设备1100可包括配置用于显示用户界面和接收触摸输入的触摸屏显示单元1102以及被配置用于接收声音输入的声音接收单元1104。在一些实施例中，电子设备1100可包括被配置用于生成声音的扬声器单元1106。电子设备1100还可包括耦接至触摸屏显示单元1102和声音接收单元1104(并且任选地耦接至扬声器单元1106)的处理单元1108。在一些实施例中，处理单元1108可包括音频输入接收单元1110、音频输入传输单元1112、指令接收单元1114、查询传输单元1116、状态接收单元1118和状态传输单元1120。
处理单元1108可被配置成(例如，使用音频输入接收单元1110)接收包含用户语音的音频输入。处理单元1108还可被配置成(例如，使用音频输入传输单元1112)将与音频输入对应的数据传输到一个或多个服务器。处理单元1108还可被配置成(例如，使用指令接收单元1114)从一个或多个服务器接收用于查询多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的状态的指令，其中每个电子设备的状态由一个或多个服务器基于与音频输入对应的数据而确定。状态查询可(例如，使用查询传输单元1116)传输到多个电子设备中的每个电子设备，并且可从所述多个电子设备(例如，使用状态接收单元1118)接收多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的当前状态。多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的当前状态可(例如，使用状态传输单元1120)传输到一个或多个服务器以存储为配置。
根据一些实施例，图12示出了根据各种所述实施例的原理所配置的电子设备1200的功能框图。该设备的功能块可由执行各种所述实施例的原理的硬件、软件或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图12中所述的功能块可被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述示例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合或分离或进一步限定。
如图12所示，电子设备1200可包括配置用于显示用户界面和接收触摸输入的触摸屏显示单元1202以及被配置用于接收声音输入的声音接收单元1204。在一些实施例中，电子设备1200可包括被配置用于生成声音的扬声器单元1206。电子设备1200还可包括耦接至触摸屏显示单元1202和声音接收单元1204(并且任选地耦接至扬声器单元1206)的处理单元1208。在一些实施例中，处理单元1208可包括音频输入接收单元1210、音频输入传输单元1212、指令接收单元1214、查询传输单元1216、状态接收单元1218和状态传输单元1220。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1208还可被配置成(例如，使用音频输入接收单元1210)接收包括用户语音的音频输入，(例如，使用音频输入传输单元1212)将与音频输入对应的数据传输到一个或多个服务器，以及(例如，使用命令接收单元1214)从一个或多个服务器接收用于设置由一个或多个服务器基于所存储的配置确定的多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的状态的多个命令。处理单元1208还可被配置成(例如，使用命令传输单元1216)将多个命令传输到多个电子设备。处理单元1208还可被配置成(例如，使用状态接收单元1218)从多个电子设备接收多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的更新状态，以及(例如，使用状态传输单元1220)将多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的更新状态传输到一个或多个服务器。
如图13所示，电子设备1300可包括配置用于显示用户界面和接收触摸输入的触摸屏显示单元1302以及被配置用于接收声音输入的声音接收单元1304。在一些实施例中，电子设备1300可包括被配置用于生成声音的扬声器单元1306。电子设备1300还可包括耦接至触摸屏显示单元1302和声音接收单元1304(并且任选地耦接至扬声器单元1306)的处理单元1308。在一些实施例中，处理单元1308可包括音频输入接收单元1310、语音到文本转换单元1312、电子设备识别单元1314、命令识别单元1316、标识与命令传输单元1318、状态接收单元1320、状态更新单元1322、上下文信息接收单元1324、指示传输单元1326、第二电子设备识别单元1328、第二命令识别单元1330、第二标识与命令传输单元1332、以及第二状态接收单元1336。
处理单元1308可被配置成(例如，使用音频输入接收单元1310)接收与包含用户语音的音频输入对应的数据。处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用语音到文本转换单元1312)对与音频输入对应的数据执行语音到文本转换以生成用户语音的文本表示。处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用电子设备识别单元1314)基于用户语音的文本表示识别第一电子设备。处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用命令识别单元1316)基于用户语音的文本表示识别待由第一电子设备执行的第一命令。处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用标识与命令传输单元1318)向用户设备传输第一电子设备的标识以及第一命令。处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用状态接收单元1320)接收第一电子设备的当前状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括灯泡。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置灯的开启/关闭状态、可调光状态或颜色状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置灯泡的开启/关闭状态、可调光状态或颜色状态的第一命令之后的灯泡的开启/关闭状态、可调光状态或颜色状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括电源插座。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置电源插座的有源/无源状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置电源插座的有源/无源状态的命令之后的电源插座的有源/无源状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括开关。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置开关的接通/断开状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置开关的接通/断开状态的命令之后的电源插座的接通/断开状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括门锁。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置门锁的锁定/解锁状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置门锁的锁定/解锁状态的命令之后的门锁的锁定/解锁状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括车库门。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置车库门的打开/闭合状态的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置车库门的打开/闭合状态的命令之后的车库门的打开/闭合状态。
在一些实施例中，第一电子设备包括恒温器。在其他实施例中，第一命令包括用于设置恒温器的温度设定数值的命令。在其他实施例中，第一电子设备的当前状态包括：在传输用于设置恒温器的温度设定数值的第一命令之后的恒温器的温度设定数值。
在一些实施例中，第一命令包括对第一电子设备的当前状态的查询。
在一些实施例中，电子设备1300还包括用于存储多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的名称、类型和状态的数据库单元1334，所述多个电子设备包括第一电子设备。在其他实施例中，处理单元1308还可被配置成基于第一电子设备的当前状态(例如，使用状态更新单元1322)更新在数据库单元1334中所存储的第一电子设备的状态。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用上下文信息接收单元1324)从用户设备接收与音频输入对应的数据内的上下文信息。在其他实施例中，处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用电子设备识别单元1314)基于上下文信息识别第一电子设备。在其他实施例中，处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用命令识别单元1316)基于上下文信息识别第一命令。在一些实施例中，上下文信息包括当用户设备接收到音频输入时用户设备的取向或者当用户设备接收到音频输入时用户设备的位置。
在一些实施例中，用户语音的文本表示不包括第一电子设备的名称。在其他实施例中，用户语音的文本表示不包括第一电子设备的类型。
在一些实施例中，电子设备1300包括移动电话、台式计算机、膝上型计算机、平板计算机、便携式媒体播放器、电视机、电视机顶盒或可穿戴电子设备。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用标识与命令传输单元1318)向用户设备传输第一命令和第一电子设备的标识，以及(例如，使用状态接收单元1320)从用户设备接收第一电子设备的当前状态。
在其他实施例中，处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用标识与命令传输单元1318)向第二用户设备传输第一命令和第一电子设备的标识，以及(例如，使用状态接收单元1320)从第二用户设备接收第一电子设备的当前状态。
在其他实施例中，处理单元1308还可被配置成基于第一命令和第一电子设备的当前状态向第二用户设备(例如，使用指示传输单元1326)传输第一命令的结果的指示。
在其他实施例中，处理单元1308还可被配置成(例如，使用第二电子设备识别单元1328)基于用户语音的文本表示识别第二电子设备，(例如，使用第二命令识别单元1330)基于用户语音的文本表示识别待由第二电子设备执行的第二命令，(例如，使用第二标识与命令传输单元1332)传输第二电子设备的标识和第二命令，以及(例如，使用第二状态接收单元1336)接收第二电子设备的当前状态。
如图14所示，电子设备1400可包括配置用于显示用户界面和接收触摸输入的触摸屏显示单元1402以及被配置用于接收声音输入的声音接收单元1404。在一些实施例中，电子设备1400可包括被配置用于生成声音的扬声器单元1406。电子设备1400还可包括耦接至触摸屏显示单元1402和声音接收单元1404(并且任选地耦接至扬声器单元1406)的处理单元1408。在一些实施例中，处理单元1408可包括音频输入接收单元1410、语音到文本转换单元1412、确定单元1414、指令传输单元1416、状态接收单元1418、配置存储单元1420、第二音频输入接收单元1422、第二语音到文本转换单元1424、第二确定单元1426、命令传输单元1428和第二状态接收单元1430。
处理单元1408可被配置成(例如，使用音频输入接收单元1410)从用户设备接收与包括用户语音的音频输入对应的数据。处理单元1408还可被配置成(例如，使用语音到文本转换单元1412)对与音频输入对应的数据执行语音到文本转换以生成用户语音的文本表示。处理单元1408还可被配置成(例如，使用确定单元1414)确定用户语音的文本表示代表用户想要将多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的状态存储为配置的意图。处理单元1408还可被配置成(例如，使用指令传输单元1416)传输用于查询多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的状态的指令。处理单元1408还可被配置成(例如，使用状态接收单元1418)接收多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的当前状态。处理单元1408还可被配置成(例如，使用配置存储单元1420)将所接收的多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的当前状态存储为配置。
如图15所示，电子设备1500可包括配置用于显示用户界面和接收触摸输入的触摸屏显示单元1502以及被配置用于接收声音输入的声音接收单元1504。在一些实施例中，电子设备1500可包括被配置用于生成声音的扬声器单元1506。电子设备1500还可包括耦接至触摸屏显示单元1502和声音接收单元1504(并且任选地耦接至扬声器单元1506)的处理单元1508。在一些实施例中，处理单元1408可包括音频输入接收单元1510、语音到文本转换单元1512、确定单元1514、指令传输单元1516、状态接收单元1518、配置存储单元1520、第二音频输入接收单元1522、第二语音到文本转换单元1524、第二确定单元1526、命令传输单元1528和第二状态接收单元1530。
在一些实施例中，处理单元1508还可被配置成(例如，使用音频输入接收单元1510)接收与包括用户语音的音频输入对应的数据，(例如，使用语音到文本转换单元1512)对与音频输入对应的数据执行语音到文本转换以生成用户语音的文本表示，(例如，使用确定单元1514)确定用户语音的文本表示代表用户想要基于配置来改变多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的状态的意图，(例如，使用命令传输单元1516)传输多个命令以基于配置来设置多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的状态，以及(例如，使用状态接收单元1518)接收多个电子设备中的每个电子设备的更新状态。
如上所述，本发明技术的一个方面在于采集和使用得自各种来源的数据，以改进向用户递送其可能感兴趣的启发内容或任何其他内容。本公开预期，在一些实例中，这些所采集的数据可包括唯一地标识或可用于联系或定位特定人员的个人信息数据。此类个人信息数据可包括人口数据、基于位置的数据、电话号码、电子邮件地址、家庭地址或任何其他识别信息。
本公开认识到在本发明技术中使用此类个人信息数据可用于使用户受益。例如，所述个人信息数据可用于递送用户较感兴趣的目标内容。因此，使用此类个人信息数据使得能够对所递送的内容进行有计划的控制。此外，本公开还预期个人信息数据有益于用户的其他用途。
本公开还预期负责此类个人信息数据的收集、分析、公开、传输、存储或其他用途的实体将遵守已确立的政策和/或实践。具体地，此类实体应当实行并坚持使用被公认为满足或超出对维护个人信息数据的秘密性和安全性的行业要求的政策和实践。例如，来自用户的个人信息应当被收集用于实体的合法且合理的用途，并且不在这些合法使用之外共享或出售。另外，此类收集应当仅在用户知情同意之后进行。另外，此类实体应采取任何所需的步骤，以保障和保护对此类个人信息数据的访问，并且确保能够访问个人信息数据的其他人遵守他们的政策和程序。另外，这种实体可使其本身经受第三方评估以证明其遵守广泛接受的政策和实践。
不管前述情况如何，本公开还预期用户选择性地阻止使用或访问个人信息数据的实施例。也就是说，本公开预期可提供硬件元件和/或软件元件，以防止或阻止对此类个人信息数据的访问。例如，就广告递送服务而言，本发明的技术可被配置为在注册服务期间允许用户选择“加入”或“退出”参与对个人信息数据的收集。又如，用户可选择不为目标内容递送服务提供位置信息。再如，用户可选择不提供精确的位置信息，但准许传输位置区域信息。
因此，虽然本公开广泛地覆盖了使用个人信息数据来实现一个或多个各种所公开的实施例，但本公开还预期各种实施例也可在无需访问此类个人信息数据的情况下被实现。也就是说，本发明技术的各种实施例不会由于缺少此类个人信息数据的全部或一部分而无法正常进行。例如，可通过基于非个人信息数据或绝对最低限度的个人信息(例如，与用户相关联的设备所请求的内容、对内容递送服务可用的其他非个人信息或公开可用信息)来推断偏好，从而选择内容并递送给用户。
虽然参照附图对实施例进行了全面的描述，但应注意，各种变化和修改对于本领域内的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。应当理解，此类变化和修改被认为包括在由所附权利要求所限定的各种实施例的范围内。
Claims (30)
1.一种用于操作数字助理的方法，所述方法包括：
在具有处理器和存储器的电子设备处：
接收表示用户请求的话语输入，其中所述话语输入使用一个或多个模糊词语来定义标准；
确定所述话语输入是否与具有已建立位置的设备相关，其中所述标准与所述已建立位置相关联；
响应于确定所述话语输入与具有已建立位置的设备相关，检索表示具有所述已建立位置的一组设备的数据结构；
使用所述数据结构和所述话语输入确定用户意图，所述用户意图与基于在所述话语输入中包括的、所述一组设备中的第二设备的特征由所述一组设备中的第一设备执行的动作相对应，其中确定所述用户意图包括确定与至少部分地基于与所述已建立位置相关联的历史数据的分布来定义所述标准的所述一个或多个模糊词语相对应的一个或多个定量阈值；以及
与所述第二设备相关联地存储所述动作和所述第一设备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述标准与所述一组设备中的所述第二设备的实际设备特征相关联。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括：
基于所述话语输入和所述数据结构，确定所述第二设备的所述实际设备特征；以及
基于所述数据结构和所述话语输入，从所述一组设备中确定所述第二设备。
4.根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述标准包括表示所述实际设备特征的实际值大于、等于或小于阈值的要求。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括基于所述话语输入确定所述阈值。
6.根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特征为湿度，并且其中所述第二设备包括湿度传感器。
7.根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特征为温度，并且其中所述第二设备包括温度传感器。
8.根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特征为亮度，并且其中所述第二设备包括亮度传感器。
9.根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特征为空气质量，并且其中所述第二设备包括空气质量传感器。
10.根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述实际设备特征为认证特征，并且其中所述第二设备包括认证设备。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述标准包括置信度值大于或等于阈值的要求，并且其中所述置信度值表示从所述认证设备接收到的认证数据与参考认证数据匹配的概率。
12.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述标准与所述一组设备中的第三设备的操作状态相关联。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述标准包括所述第三设备的所述操作状态等于参考操作状态的要求。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其中所述标准包括所述第三设备的所述操作状态从第二参考操作状态转变为第三参考操作状态的要求。
15.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述标准包括所述动作在预定时间段内已被执行少于预定次数的要求。
16.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述标准包括所述电子设备的时间等于或大于参考时间的要求。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图还包括从所述话语输入确定所述参考时间。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中确定所述参考时间还包括：
从所述话语输入确定第二参考时间；以及
确定与所述参考时间相关联的持续时间，其中基于所述第二参考时间和所述持续时间确定所述参考时间。
19.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，还包括：
接收与所述标准相关联的数据；
根据所接收的数据确定所述标准是否得到满足；以及
响应于确定所述标准得到满足，提供致使所述一组设备中的所述设备执行所述动作的指令。
20.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述用户意图与在执行所述动作之前要满足的第二标准相关联。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中满足所述第二标准要求所述标准得到满足。
22.根据权利要求20所述的方法，还包括：
接收与所述第二标准相关联的第二数据；以及
根据所接收的第二数据确定所述第二标准是否得到满足，其中响应于确定所述第二标准得到满足来提供致使所述一组设备中的所述第一设备执行所述动作的指令。
23.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中所述动作包括提供与所述标准相关联的通知。
24.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中由所述设备执行所述动作致使所述设备的一部分改变位置。
25.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中由所述设备执行所述动作致使设备锁定或解锁。
26.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中由所述设备执行所述动作致使所述设备被激活或去激活。
27.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中由所述设备执行所述动作致使所述设备的设定点改变。
28.根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
响应于确定所述标准得到满足，提供使用所述设备执行所述动作的提示；
接收响应于所述提示的用户输入；以及
响应于接收到所述用户输入，提供致使所述设备执行所述动作的指令。
29.一种存储一个或多个程序的计算机可读存储介质，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由电子设备的一个或多个处理器执行时，致使所述电子设备执行根据权利要求1至28中任一项所述的方法。
30.一种电子设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；和
存储器，所述存储器存储一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时，致使所述一个或多个处理器执行根据权利要求1至28中任一项所述的方法。
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| EP4116862A1 (en) | 2023-01-11 |
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