CN107491284B - 提供自动化状态报告的数字助理 - Google Patents

提供自动化状态报告的数字助理 Download PDF

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CN107491284B
CN107491284B CN201710386932.8A CN201710386932A CN107491284B CN 107491284 B CN107491284 B CN 107491284B CN 201710386932 A CN201710386932 A CN 201710386932A CN 107491284 B CN107491284 B CN 107491284B
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electronic devices
speech input
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CN107491284A (zh
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P·A·劳伦斯
C·维威麦伦
S·L·布克
J·J·穆尔
R·马拉尼
B·S·菲普斯
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Apple Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22—Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/011—Arrangements for interaction with the human body, e.g. for user immersion in virtual reality
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
    • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
    • G06F3/167—Audio in a user interface, e.g. using voice commands for navigating, audio feedback
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/30—Semantic analysis
    • G06F40/35—Discourse or dialogue representation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
    • G09B5/04—Electrically-operated educational appliances with audible presentation of the material to be studied
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/08—Speech classification or search
    • G10L15/18—Speech classification or search using natural language modelling
    • G10L15/1822—Parsing for meaning understanding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/26—Speech to text systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/28—Constructional details of speech recognition systems
    • G10L15/30—Distributed recognition, e.g. in client-server systems, for mobile phones or network applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L15/00—Speech recognition
    • G10L15/22—Procedures used during a speech recognition process, e.g. man-machine dialogue
    • G10L2015/225—Feedback of the input speech

Abstract

本公开提供了一种用于操作数字助理的系统和过程。在一个示例性过程中，从用户接收语音输入。基于该语音输入来确定用户意图。确定用户意图包括：基于语音输入来生成文本；执行文本的自然语言处理；并基于自然语言处理的结果来确定用户意图。根据用户意图来请求与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息。接收与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息。口头输出被生成并表示与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息。使得口头输出将被提供至用户。

Description

提供自动化状态报告的数字助理
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2016年六月10日提交的标题为“DIGITAL ASSISTANT PROVIDINGAUTOMATED STATUS REPORT”的美国临时专利申请62/348,660； 和2016年九月15日提交标题为“DIGITAL ASSISTANT PROVIDING AUTOMATED STATUS REPORT”的美国非临时专利申请的优先权15/266,926 的优先权；它们中每一个的内容据此以引用方式全文并入本文。
技术领域
本公开整体涉及数字助理，并且更具体地涉及提供与一个或多个 电子设备相关联的口头状态信息的数字助理。
背景技术
电子设备常常是由电池供电的。在某些情况下，用户可能希望知 道其电子设备的电池状态。为了知道电池状态，用户可能需要例如从 其口袋中取出电子设备，通过推动物理按钮来激活设备，并查找电池 状态指示符以获取电池状态信息。这个过程通常很麻烦并且有时如果 用户身体有缺陷则不可能实现。因此，希望设备具有基于用户的语音 输入来提供口头状态信息的能力。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种用于提供状态信息的一些技术要求用户手动操 控设备，使得在用户设备的显示器上显示状态信息。用户然后查看所显 示的状态信息。在某些情况下，显示状态信息对于用户而言是不够的或 不便的。例如，如果用户视觉受损或目盲，则其可能无法查看显示器上 的电池状态指示符。作为另一个示例，如果用户忙于其他活动(例如，骑自行车，开车或参加体育运动)，用户执行一系列步骤以获取所显示 的状态信息将不方便或不安全。在其他示例中，设备自身例如是耳机或 蓝牙扬声器，在不连接到辅助设备诸如电话或计算机的情况下不能够提 供电池状态。一些现有的语音识别设备不能够提供口头状态信息，更不 用说响应于请求状态信息的用户的语音输入而提供口头状态信息。因此，提供一种能够响应于用户的语音输入而提供口头状态信息的数字助 理是有利的。
本公开提供了一种用于操作数字助理的系统和过程。根据一个或多 个示例，一种方法包括在具有存储器和一个或多个处理器的用户设备处 从用户接收语音输入。该用户设备可操作为与一个或多个电子设备进行 通信。该方法还包括基于语音输入来确定用户意图。确定用户意图包括 基于语音输入来生成文本，执行文本的自然语言处理、以及基于自然语 言处理的结果来确定用户意图。该方法还包括根据用户意图来请求与一 个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息。该方法还 包括：接收与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态 信息；生成用于表示与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关 联的状态信息的口头输出；以及使得口头输出将被提供至用户。
用于执行这些功能的可执行指令任选地被包括在被配置用于由 一个或多个处理器执行的非暂态计算机可读存储介质或其他计算机 程序产品中。用于执行这些功能的可执行指令任选地被包括在被配置 用于由一个或多个处理器执行的暂态计算机可读存储介质或其他计 算机程序产品中。
附图说明
为了更好地理解各种所述实施方案，应结合以下附图参考下面的 具体实施方式，在附图中，类似的附图标号在所有附图中指示对应的 部件。
图1是示出了根据各种示例的用于实现数字助理的系统和环境的 框图。
图2A是示出了根据一些实施方案的实现数字助理的客户端侧部 分的便携式多功能设备的框图。
图2B是示出了根据各种示例的用于事件处理的示例性部件的框 图。
图3示出了根据各种示例的实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的便携 式多功能设备。
图4是根据各种示例的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能设 备的框图。
图5A示出了用于根据各种示例的便携式多功能设备上的应用程 序的菜单的示例性用户界面。
图5B示出了用于根据各种示例的具有与显示器分开的触敏表面 的多功能设备的示例性用户界面。
图6A示出了根据各种示例的个人电子设备。
图6B是示出了根据各种示例的个人电子设备的框图。
图7A是示出了根据各种示例的数字助理系统或其服务器部分的 框图。
图7B示出了根据各种示例的图7A中所示的数字助理的功能。
图7C示出了根据各种示例的知识本体的一部分。
图8A-图8I示出了根据各种示例的由数字助理提供口头状态信 息的功能。
图9A-图9B示出了根据各种示例的由数字助理提供口头状态信 息的功能。
图10A-图10E示出了根据各种示例的由数字助理提供口头状态 信息的功能。
图11A-图11F示出了根据各种示例的用于操作数字助理的示例 性过程的流程图。
图12示出了根据各种示例的电子设备的框图。
具体实施方式
在以下对本公开和实施方案的描述中将引用附图，在附图中以例示 的方式示出了可被实践的特定实施方案。应当理解，在不脱离本公开的 范围的情况下，可实践其他实施方案和示例并且可进行变更。
希望有一种用于提供口头状态信息的技术。如本文所述，出于各种 目的希望有一种用于提供一个或多个电子设备的口头状态信息的技术， 诸如使得视力受损的用户能够获取状态信息或使得能够进行免提和/或 免视操作以获取状态信息。通过允许用户使用一个或多个语音输入来操 作数字助理并从数字助理接收口头状态信息，此类技术是有利的。此外， 此类技术减轻了与获取一个或多个电子设备的状态信息相关联的繁琐 性或不便性。
尽管以下描述使用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种元素，但 这些元素不应受术语的限制。这些术语只是用于将一个元素与另一元素 区分开。例如，第一格式可以被命名为第二格式，并且类似地，第二格 式可以被命名为第一格式，而不脱离各种所描述的示例的范围。第一格 式和第二格式两者都是格式，并且在一些情况下，可以是独立且不同的 格式。
在本文中对各种所述的示例的描述中所使用的术语只是为了描述 特定示例的目的，而并非旨在进行限制。如在对各种所述示例的描述和 所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数形式“一个”(“a”“an”)和 “该”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另外明确地指示。还应当理解， 本文中所使用的术语“和/或”是指并且涵盖相关联地列出的项目中的 一个或多个项目的任何和全部可能的组合。还应当理解，术语“包括” (“includes”，“including”，“comprises”和/或“comprising”) 当在本说明书中使用时是指定存在所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、 元素和/或部件，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、 步骤、操作、元素、部件和/或其分组。
根据上下文，术语“如果”可被解释为意指“当...时”(“when” 或“upon”)或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地，根据上 下文，短语“如果确定...”或“如果检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]” 可被解释为意指“在确定...时”或“响应于确定...”或“在检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]时”或“响应于检测到[所陈述的条件或事件]”。
1.系统和环境
图1示出了根据各种示例的系统100的框图。在一些示例中，系统 100可实现数字助理。术语“数字助理”、“虚拟助理”、“智能自动 化助理”或“自动数字助理”可指解译口头和/或文本形式的自然语言 输入以推断用户意图并基于推断出的用户意图来执行动作的任何信息 处理系统。例如，为了进行推断出的用户意图，系统可执行以下内容中 的一个或多个内容：利用设计用于实现推断出的用户意图的步骤和参数 来识别任务流，将来自推断出的用户意图的具体要求输入到任务流中； 通过调用程序、方法、服务、API等来执行任务流；以及生成对用户的 听觉(例如，语音)和/或视觉形式的输出响应。
具体地，数字助理可能够接受至少部分地为自然语言命令、请求、 声明、讲述和/或询问形式的用户请求。通常，用户请求可寻求数字助 理作出信息性回答，或寻求数字助理执行任务。针对用户请求的令人满 意的响应可以是提供所请求的信息性回答、执行所请求的任务，或这两 者的组合。例如，用户可向数字助理提出问题诸如“我现在在哪里？”。 基于用户的当前位置，数字助理可回答“您在中央公园西门附近。”用 户还可请求执行任务，例如“请邀请我的朋友下周来参加我女朋友的生 日聚会。”作为响应，数字助理可通过讲出“好的，马上”来确认请求， 并然后代表用户将合适的日历邀请发送到用户的电子通讯录中列出的 用户朋友中的每个朋友。在执行所请求的任务期间，数字助理有时可在 很长时间段内在涉及信息的多次交换的持续对话中与用户进行交互。存 在与数字助理进行交互以请求信息或执行各种任务的许多其他方法。除 了提供言语响应并采取经编程的动作之外，数字助理还可提供其他视频 或音频形式(例如作为文本、提示、音乐、视频、动画等)的响应。
如图1中所示，在一些示例中，数字助理可根据客户端-服务器模 型来实施。数字助理可包括在用户设备104上执行的客户端侧部分102 (后文称作“DA客户端102”)，以及在服务器系统108上执行的服务 器侧部分106(后文称作“DA服务器106”)。DA客户端102可通过一 个或多个网络110来与DA服务器106进行通信。DA客户端102可提供 客户端侧功能诸如面向用户的输入和输出处理，并且与DA服务器106 进行通信。DA服务器106可为各自驻留在相应的用户设备104上的任意 数量的DA客户端102提供服务器侧功能。
在一些示例中，DA服务器106可包括面向客户端的I/O接口112、 一个或多个处理模块114、数据与模型116，以及至外部服务的I/O接口 118。面向客户端的I/O接口112可促进针对DA服务器106的面向客户 端的输入和输出处理。一个或多个处理模块114可利用数据和模型116 来处理语音输入并基于自然语言输入来确定用户的意图。此外，一个或 多个处理模块114基于推断的用户意图来进行任务的执行。在一些示例 中，DA服务器106可通过一个或多个网络110与外部服务120进行通信， 以完成任务或采集信息。至外部服务的I/O接口118可促进此类通信。
用户设备104可以是任何合适的电子设备。例如，用户设备可以是 便携式多功能设备(例如，下文参考图2A所述的设备200)、多功能设 备(例如，下文参考图4所述的设备400)、或个人电子设备(例如， 下文参考图6A-图6B所述的设备600)。便携式多功能设备可为例如还 包含其他功能诸如PDA和/或音乐播放器功能的移动电话。便携式多功 能设备的特定示例可包括购自Apple Inc.(Cupertino,California) 的
Figure BDA0001306602180000061
设备、iPod
Figure BDA0001306602180000062
设备和
Figure BDA0001306602180000063
设备。便携式多功能设备的 其他示例可包括但不限于膝上型电脑或平板电脑。此外，在一些示例中， 用户设备104可以是非便携式多功能设备。具体地，用户设备104可以 是台式计算机、游戏控制台、电视机、或电视机顶盒。在一些示例中， 用户设备104可包括触敏表面(例如触摸屏显示器和/或触摸板)。此 外，用户设备104可任选地包括一个或多个其他物理用户界面设备，诸 如物理键盘、鼠标、和/或操纵杆。下文更详细地描述电子设备诸如多 功能设备的各种示例。
一个或多个通信网络110的示例包括局域网(LAN)和广域网(WAN)， 例如互联网。一个或多个通信网络110可使用任何已知的网络协议(包 括各种有线或无线协议，诸如例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线、 全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境(EDGE)、码分多址(CDMA)、 时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、互联网语音协议(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、或 任何其他合适的通信协议)来实施。
服务器系统108可在计算机的一个或多个独立式数据处理设备或分 布式网络上实施。在一些示例中，服务器系统108还可采用第三方服务 提供方(例如，第三方云服务提供方)的各种虚拟设备和/或服务，以 提供服务器系统108的底层计算资源和/或基础结构资源。
在一些示例中，用户设备104可经由第二用户设备122来与DA服务 器106进行通信。第二用户设备122可与用户设备104类似或相同。例 如，第二用户设备122可与下文参考图2A、图4和图6A-图6B所述的设 备200,400或600类似。用户设备104可被配置为经由直接通信连接诸 如蓝牙、NFC、BTLE等或经由有线或无线网络诸如本地Wi-Fi网络而可 通信地耦接到第二用户设备122。在一些示例中，第二用户设备122可 被配置为在用户设备104和DA服务器106之间充当代理。例如，用户设 备104的DA客户端102可被配置为经由第二用户设备122来向DA服务 器106传输信息(例如，在用户设备104处接收的用户请求)。DA服务 器106可能够处理该信息并经由第二用户设备122来向用户设备104返 回相关的数据(例如，响应于用户请求的数据内容)。
在一些示例中，用户设备104可被配置为向第二用户设备122传输 对数据的简略请求，以减少从用户设备104传输的信息量。第二用户设 备122可被配置为确定补充信息，以添加到简略请求，从而生成用于向 DA服务器106传输的完整请求。这种系统架构可有利地允许具有有限通 信能力和/或有限电池功率的用户设备104(例如手表或类似的紧凑电子 设备)通过使用具有更大通信能力和/或电池功率的第二用户设备122 (例如移动电话、膝上型电脑、平板电脑等)作为DA服务器106的代理 来访问由DA服务器106提供的服务。虽然在图1中仅示出了两个用户设 备104和122，但应当理解，系统100可包括在被配置为与DA服务器系 统106进行通信的该代理中配置的任意数量和类型的用户设备。
尽管在图1中所示的数字助理可包括客户端侧部分(例如DA客户 端102)和服务器侧部分(例如DA服务器106)两者，但在一些示例中， 数字助理的功能被实现为被安装在用户设备上的独立式应用程序。此 外，数字助理的客户端部分与服务器部分之间的功能划分在不同的具体 实施中可变化。例如，在一些示例中，DA客户端可为仅提供面向用户的 输入和输出处理功能并且将数字助理的所有其他功能委派给后端服务 器的瘦客户端。
2.电子设备
现在将注意力转向用于实现数字助理的客户端侧部分的电子设备 的实施方案。图2A是示出了根据一些实施方案的具有触敏显示器系统 212的便携式多功能设备200的框图。触敏显示器212有时为了方便被 叫做“触摸屏”，并且有时可被称为或被叫做“触敏显示器系统”。设 备200包括存储器202(其任选地包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质)、 存储器控制器222、一个或多个处理单元(CPU)220、外围设备接口218、 RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、输入/输出(I/O) 子系统206、其他输入控制设备216、和外部端口224。设备200任选地 包括一个或多个光学传感器264。设备200任选地包括用于检测设备200 (例如，触敏表面，诸如设备200的触敏显示器系统212)上的接触的 强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器265。设备200任选地包括用于在设 备200上生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器267(例如，在触 敏表面诸如设备200的触敏显示器系统212或设备400的触摸板455上 生成触觉输出)。这些部件任选地通过一个或多个通信总线或信号线203 进行通信。
如在本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语触敏表面上的接触的 “强度”是指触敏表面上的接触(例如，手指接触)的力或压力(每单 位面积的力)，或是指触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物(代用物)。 接触的强度具有值范围，该值范围包括至少四个不同的值并且更典型地 包括上百个不同的值(例如至少256个)。接触的强度任选地使用各种方法和各种传感器或传感器的组合来确定(或测量)。例如，在触敏表 面下方或相邻于触敏表面的一个或多个力传感器任选地用于测量触敏 表面上的不同点处的力。在一些具体实施中，来自多个力传感器的力测 量被合并(例如，加权平均)，以确定估计的接触力。类似地，触笔的 压敏顶端任选地用于确定触笔在触敏表面上的压力。另选地，在触敏表 面上检测到的接触面积的尺寸和/或其变化、邻近接触的触敏表面的电 容和/或其变化，和/或邻近接触的触敏表面的电阻和/或其变化任选地 被用作触敏表面上的接触的力或压力的替代物。在一些具体实施中，接 触力或压力的替代测量直接用于确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度 阈值以与替代测量对应的单位来描述)。在一些具体实施中，接触力或 压力的替代物测量被转换成估计的力或压力，并且估计的力或压力用于 确定是否已超过强度阈值(例如，强度阈值是以压力的单位来测量的压 力阈值)。使用接触的强度作为用户输入的属性，从而允许用户访问用 户在实际面积有限的尺寸更小的设备上本来不可访问的附加设备功能， 该尺寸更小的设备用于(例如在触敏显示器上)显示示能表示和/或接 收用户输入(例如经由触敏显示器、触敏表面或物理控件/机械控件， 诸如旋钮或按钮)。
如本说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，术语“触觉输出”是指将由 用户利用用户的触感检测到的设备相对于设备的先前位置的物理位移、 设备的部件(例如，触敏表面)相对于设备的另一个部件(例如，外壳) 的物理位移、或部件相对于设备的质心的位移。例如，在设备或设备的 部件与用户对触摸敏感的表面(例如，手指、手掌或用户手部的其他部分)接触的情况下，通过物理位移生成的触觉输出将由用户解释为触感， 该触感与设备或设备的部件的物理特征的所感知的变化对应。例如，触 敏表面(例如，触敏显示器或触控板)的移动任选地由用户解释为对物 理致动按钮的“按下点击”或“松开点击”。在一些情况下，用户将感 觉到触感，诸如“按下点击”或“松开点击”，即使在通过用户的移动 而物理地被按压(例如，被移位)的与触敏表面相关联的物理致动按钮 没有移动时。作为另一个示例，即使在触敏表面的光滑度无变化时，触 敏表面的移动也将任选地由用户解释为或感测为触敏表面的“粗糙度”。 虽然由用户对触摸的此类解释将受到用户的个体化感官知觉的限制，但 是存在触摸的许多感官知觉是大多数用户共有的。因此，当触觉输出被 描述为与用户的特定感官知觉(例如“松开点击”、“按下点击”、“粗 糙度”)对应时，除非另外陈述，否则所生成的触觉输出与设备或其部 件的物理位移对应，该物理位移将生成典型(或普通)用户的所描述的 感官知觉。
应当理解，设备200仅是便携式多功能设备的一个示例，并且设备 200任选地具有比所示出的更多或更少的部件，任选地组合两个或更多 个部件，或者任选地具有这些部件的不同配置或布置。图2A中所示的 各种部件以硬件、软件或硬件与软件两者的组合来实现，其包括一个或 多个信号处理电路和/或专用集成电路。
存储器202可包括一个或多个计算机可读存储介质。该计算机可读 存储介质可以是有形的和非暂态的。存储器202可包括高速随机存取存 储器并且还可包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、闪 存存储器设备、或其他非易失性固态存储器设备。存储器控制器222可 控制由设备200的其他部件来访问存储器202。
在一些示例中，存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质可被用于 存储指令(例如，如下所述用于执行过程1200的方面)，以供指令执 行系统、装置或设备(诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可 从指令执行系统、装置或设备获取指令并执行指令的其他系统)使用或 与其结合。在其他示例中，指令(例如，用于执行下文所述的过程1200 的各个方面)可被存储在服务器系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质 (未示出)上或可在存储器202的非暂态计算机可读存储介质和服务器 系统108的非暂态计算机可读存储介质之间划分。在本文档的上下文中， “非暂态计算机可读存储介质”可以是可包括或存储程序以供指令执行 系统、装置和设备使用或与其连接的任何介质。
外围设备接口218可被用于将设备的输入外围设备和输出外围设备 耦接到CPU220和存储器202。一个或多个处理器220运行或执行被存 储在存储器202中的各种软件程序和/或指令集，以执行设备200的各种 功能并处理数据。在一些实施方案中，外围设备接口218、CPU 220和 存储器控制器222可在单个芯片诸如芯片204上实现。在一些其他实施方案中，它们可在单独的芯片上实现。
RF(射频)电路208接收和发送也被叫做电磁信号的RF信号。RF 电路208将电信号转换为电磁信号/将电磁信号转换为电信号，并且经 由电磁信号来与通信网络以及其他通信设备进行通信。RF电路208任选 地包括用于执行这些功能的熟知的电路，包括但不限于天线系统、RF收 发器、一个或多个放大器、调谐器、一个或多个振荡器、数字信号处理 器、编解码芯片组、用户身份模块(SIM)卡、存储器等等。RF电路208 任选地通过无线通信来与网络以及其他设备进行通信，该网络为诸如互 联网(也被称为万维网(WWW))、内联网和/或无线网络(诸如蜂窝电话 网络、无线局域网(LAN)和/或城域网(MAN))。RF电路208任选地包括 用于检测近场通信(NFC)场的熟知的电路，诸如通过近程通信无线电部 件来进行检测。无线通信任选地使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任 一者，包括但不限于全球移动通信系统(GSM)、增强型数据GSM环境 (EDGE)、高速下行链路分组接入(HSDPA)、高速上行链路分组接入 (HSUPA)、演进、纯数据(EV-DO)、HSPA、HSPA+、双单元HSPA(DC-HSPDA)、 长期演进(LTE)、近场通信(NFC)、宽带码分多址(W-CDMA)、码分多址 (CDMA)、时分多址(TDMA)、蓝牙、蓝牙低功耗、无线保真(Wi-Fi)(例 如，IEEE 802.11a、IEEE 802.11b、IEEE 802.11g、IEEE802.11n和/ 或IEEE 802.11ac)、互联网语音协议(VoIP)、Wi-MAX、电子邮件协议 (例如，互联网消息访问协议(IMAP)和/或邮局协议(POP))、即时消息 (例如，可扩展消息处理和存在协议(XMPP)、用于即时消息和存在利用 扩展的会话发起协议(SIMPLE)、即时消息和存在服务(IMPS))，和/或 短消息服务(SMS)，或者包括在本文档提交日期时还未开发出的通信协议的任何其他合适的通信协议。
音频电路210、扬声器211和麦克风213提供用户和设备200之间 的音频接口。音频电路210从外围设备接口218接收音频数据，将音频 数据转换为电信号，并将电信号传输到扬声器211。扬声器211将电信 号转换为人类可听见的声波。音频电路210还接收由麦克风213根据声 波转换的电信号。音频电路210将电信号转换为音频数据，并将音频数 据传输到外围设备接口218以用于处理。音频数据可由外围设备接口218 从存储器202和/或RF电路208进行检索和/或被传输至存储器202和/ 或RF电路208。在一些实施方案中，音频电路210还包括耳麦插孔(例 如图3中的312)。耳麦插孔提供音频电路210和可移除的音频输入/输 出外围设备之间的接口，该可移除的音频输入/输出外围设备诸如仅输 出的耳机或者具有输出(例如单耳耳机或双耳耳机)和输入(例如麦克 风)两者的耳麦。
I/O子系统206将设备200上的输入/输出外围设备诸如触摸屏212 和其他输入控制设备216耦接到外围设备接口218。I/O子系统206任选 地包括显示控制器256、光学传感器控制器258、强度传感器控制器259、 触觉反馈控制器261、以及用于其他输入或控制设备的一个或多个输入 控制器260。该一个或多个输入控制器260从其他输入控制设备216接收电信号/将电信号发送到其他输入控制设备216。其他输入控制设备 216任选地包括物理按钮(例如下压按钮、摇臂按钮等)、拨号盘、滑 动开关、操纵杆、点击轮等等。在一些另选的实施方案中，一个或多个 输入控制器260任选地耦接到以下各项中的任一者(或不耦接到以下各 项中的任一者)：键盘、红外端口、USB端口、以及指针设备诸如鼠标。 一个或多个按钮(例如，图3中的308)任选地包括用于扬声器211和/ 或麦克风213的音量控制的增大/减小按钮。一个或多个按钮任选地包 括下压按钮(例如图3中的306)。
快速按下下压按钮可解除触摸屏212的锁定或者开始使用触摸屏上 的手势来对设备进行解锁的过程，如于2005年12月23日提交的名称为 “Unlocking a Device byPerforming Gestures on an Unlock Image” 的美国专利申请11/322,549即美国专利No.7,657,849中所述的，上述 美国专利申请全文以引用方式并入本文。更长地按下下压按钮(例如 306)可使设备200开机或关机。用户能够对一个或多个按钮的功能进 行自定义。触摸屏212用于实现虚拟按钮或软按钮以及一个或多个软键 盘。
触敏显示器212提供设备和用户之间的输入接口和输出接口。显示 控制器256从触摸屏212接收电信号和/或将电信号发送至触摸屏212。 触摸屏212向用户显示视觉输出。该视觉输出可包括图形、文本、图标、 视频及它们的任意组合(统称为“图形”)。在一些实施方案中，一些 视觉输出或全部的视觉输出可对应于用户界面对象。
触摸屏212具有基于触觉和/或触感接触来接受来自用户的输入的 触敏表面、传感器、或传感器组。触摸屏212和显示控制器256(与存 储器202中的任何相关联的模块和/或指令集一起)检测触摸屏212上的 接触(和该接触的任何移动或中断)，并且将所检测到的接触转换为与 被显示在触摸屏212上的用户界面对象(例如一个或多个软键、图标、 网页或图像)的交互。在一个示例性实施方案中，触摸屏212和用户之 间的接触点对应于用户的手指。
触摸屏212可使用LCD(液晶显示器)技术、LPD(发光聚合物显示 器)技术、或LED(发光二极管)技术，但是在其他实施方案中可使用 其他显示技术。触摸屏212和显示控制器256可使用现在已知的或以后 将开发出的多种触摸感测技术中的任何触摸感测技术以及其他接近传 感器阵列或用于确定与触摸屏212的一个或多个接触点的其他元件来检 测接触及其任何移动或中断，该多种触摸感测技术包括但不限于电容性 技术、电阻性技术、红外技术和表面声波技术。在一个示例性实施方案 中，使用投射式互电容感测技术，诸如在Apple Inc.(Cupertino, California)的
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和iPod
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中发现的技术。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器可类似于以下美国专利 中所述的多点触敏触摸板：6,323,846(Westerman等人)、6,570,557 (Westerman等人)和/或6,677,932(Westerman)；和/或美国专利公开2002/0015024A1，这些专利申请中的每个专利申请全文以引用方式并入 本文。然而，触摸屏212显示来自设备200的视觉输出，而触敏触摸板 不提供视觉输出。
触摸屏212的一些实施方案中的触敏显示器可如在以下专利申请中 那样进行描述：(1)于2006年5月2日提交的名称为“Multipoint Touch Surface Controller”的美国专利申请No.11/381,313；(2)于2004年 5月6日提交的名称为“Multipoint Touchscreen”的美国专利申请No. 10/840,862；(3)于2004年7月30日提交的名称为“Gestures For TouchSensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请No.10/903,964；(4)于 2005年1月31日提交的名称为“Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请No.11/048,264；(5)于2005年1月18日提 交的名称为“Mode-Based Graphical User Interfaces ForTouch Sensitive Input Devices”的美国专利申请No.11/038,590；(6)于 2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User Interface”的美国专利申请No.11/228,758； (7)于2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Operation Of AComputer With A Touch Screen Interface”的美国专利申请No.11/228,700；(8)于 2005年9月16日提交的名称为“Activating Virtual Keys Of A Touch-Screen VirtualKeyboard”的美国专利申请No.11/228,737； 以及(9)于2006年3月3日提交的名称为“Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device”的美国专利申请No.11/367,749。所有这些专利申请全文以引 用方式并入本文。
触摸屏212可具有超过100dpi的视频分辨率。在一些实施方案中， 触摸屏具有约160dpi的视频分辨率。用户可使用任何合适的对象或附 加物诸如触笔、手指等等来与触摸屏212接触。在一些实施方案中，将 用户界面设计用于主要与基于手指的接触和手势一起工作，由于手指在 触摸屏上的接触面积较大，因此这可能不如基于触笔的输入那样精确。在一些实施方案中，设备将基于手指的粗略输入转化为精确的指针/光 标位置或命令，以用于执行用户所期望的动作。
在一些实施方案中，除了触摸屏之外，设备200可包括用于激活或 去激活特定功能的触摸板(未示出)。在一些实施方案中，触摸板是设 备的触敏区域，该触敏区域与触摸屏不同，其不显示视觉输出。触摸板 可以是与触摸屏212分开的触敏表面，或者是由触摸屏形成的触敏表面 的延伸部分。
设备200还包括用于为各种部件供电的电力系统262。电力系统262 可包括电力管理系统、一个或多个电源(例如电池、交流电(AC))、再 充电系统、电力故障检测电路、功率变换器或逆变器、电源状态指示符 (例如，发光二极管(LED))和与便携式设备中的电力的生成、管理和 分配相关联的任何其他部件。
设备200也可包括一个或多个光学传感器264。图2A示出了耦接到 I/O子系统206中的光学传感器控制器258的光学传感器。光学传感器 264可包括电荷耦合器件(CCD)或互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)光电晶 体管。光学传感器264从环境接收通过一个或多个透镜而投射的光，并 且将光转换为表示图像的数据。结合成像模块243(也称为相机模块)， 光学传感器264可捕获静态图像或视频。在一些实施方案中，光学传感 器位于设备200的与设备的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对的后部 上，使得触摸屏显示器可被用作用于静态图像和/或视频图像采集的取 景器。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器位于设备的前部，使得在用户在 触摸屏显示器上查看其他视频会议参与者时可获取该用户的图像，以用 于视频会议。在一些实施方案中，光学传感器264的位置可由用户改变 (例如通过旋转设备外壳中的透镜和传感器)，使得单个光学传感器264 可与触摸屏显示器一起使用，以用于视频会议和静态图像和/或视频图 像采集两者。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个接触强度传感器265。图2A示出 了耦接到I/O子系统206中的强度传感器控制器259的接触强度传感器。 接触强度传感器265任选地包括一个或多个压阻应变仪、电容式力传感 器、电气力传感器、压电力传感器、光学力传感器、电容式触敏表面、 或其他强度传感器(例如，用于测量触敏表面上的接触的力(或压力) 的传感器)。接触强度传感器265从环境接收接触强度信息(例如，压 力信息或压力信息的代用物)。在一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度 传感器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并置排列或邻近。在 一些实施方案中，至少一个接触强度传感器位于设备200的与位于设备 200的前部上的触摸屏显示器212相背对的后部上。
设备200还可包括一个或多个接近传感器266。图2A示出了耦接到 外围设备接口218的接近传感器266。另选地，接近传感器266可耦接 到I/O子系统206中的输入控制器260。接近传感器266可如以下美国 专利申请中所述的那样执行：No.11/241,839，名称为“Proximity Detector In Handheld Device”；No.11/240,788，名称为“ProximityDetector In Handheld Device”；No.11/620,702，名称为“Using Ambient Light SensorTo Augment Proximity Sensor Output”；No.11/586,862， 名称为“Automated ResponseTo And Sensing Of User Activity In Portable Devices”；以及No.11/638,251，名称为“Methods And Systems For Automatic Configuration Of Peripherals”，这些美国专利申请 全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，当多功能设备被置于用 户的耳朵附近时(例如，当用户正在进行电话呼叫时)，接近传感器关 闭并且禁用触摸屏212。
设备200任选地还包括一个或多个触觉输出发生器267。图2A示出 了耦接到I/O子系统206中的触觉反馈控制器261的触觉输出发生器。 触觉输出发生器267任选地包括一个或多个电声设备诸如扬声器或其他 音频部件；和/或用于将能量转换成线性运动的机电设备诸如电机、螺 线管、电活性聚合物、压电致动器、静电致动器或其他触觉输出生成部 件(例如，用于将电信号转换成设备上的触觉输出的部件)。接触强度 传感器265从触觉反馈模块233接收触觉反馈生成指令，并且在设备200 上生成能够由设备200的用户感觉到的触觉输出。在一些实施方案中， 至少一个触觉输出发生器与触敏表面(例如，触敏显示器系统212)并 置排列或邻近，并且任选地通过竖直地(例如，向设备200的表面内/ 外)或侧向地(例如，在与设备200的表面相同的平面中向后和向前) 移动触敏表面来生成触觉输出。在一些实施方案中，至少一个触觉输出 发生器传感器位于设备200的与位于设备200的前部上的触摸屏显示器 212相背对的后部上。
设备200还可包括一个或多个加速度计268。图2A示出了耦接到外 围设备接口218的加速度计268。另选地，加速度计268可耦接到I/O 子系统206中的输入控制器260。加速度计268可如以下美国专利公开 中所述的那样执行：No.20050190059，名称为“Acceleration-based Theft Detection System for Portable Electronic Devices”(和No. 20060017692，名称为“Methods And Apparatuses For Operating A PortableDevice Based On An Accelerometer”，这两个美国专利公 开均全文以引用方式并入本文。在一些实施方案中，信息基于对从一个 或多个加速度计接收的数据的分析而在触摸屏显示器上以纵向视图或 横向视图被显示。设备200任选地除了一个或多个加速度计268之外还 包括磁力仪(未示出)和GPS(或GLONASS或其他全球导航系统)接收 器(未示出)，以用于获取关于设备200的位置和取向(例如，纵向或 横向)的信息。
在一些实施方案中，被存储在存储器202中的软件部件包括操作系 统226、通信模块(或指令集)228、接触/运动模块(或指令集)230、 图形模块(或指令集)232、文本输入模块(或指令集)234、全球定位 系统(GPS)模块(或指令集)235、数字助理客户端模块229、以及应用 程序(或指令集)236。此外，存储器202可存储数据和模型诸如用户 数据和模型231。此外，在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或470 (图4)存储设备/全局内部状态257，如图2A和图4中所示的。设备/ 全局内部状态257包括以下各项中的一者或多者：活动应用程序状态， 该活动应用程序状态用于指示哪些应用程序(如果有的话)当前是活动 的；显示状态，该显示状态用于指示什么应用程序、视图或其他信息占 据触摸屏显示器212的各个区域；传感器状态，该传感器状态包括从设 备的各个传感器和输入控制设备216获取的信息；以及关于设备位置和 /或姿态的位置信息。
操作系统226(例如Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、iOS、WINDOWS、 或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务(例 如存储器管理、存储设备控制、功率管理等)的各种软件部件和/或驱 动程序，并且促进各种硬件部件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块228促进通过一个或多个外部端口224来与其他设备进行 通信，并且还包括用于处理由RF电路208和/或外部端口224所接收的 数据的各种软件部件。外部端口224(例如通用串行总线(USB)、火线等) 适于直接耦接到其他设备，或间接地通过网络(例如互联网、无线LAN 等)进行耦接。在一些实施方案中，外部端口是与
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(Apple Inc.的商标)设备上所使用的30针连接器相同的或类似的和/或与其兼容的 多针(例如，30针)连接器。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测与触摸屏212(结合显示控制器256) 和其他触敏设备(例如，触摸板或物理点击轮)的接触。接触/运动模 块230包括各种软件部件以用于执行与接触检测相关的各种操作，诸如 确定是否已发生接触(例如，检测手指按下事件)、确定接触强度(例 如，接触的力或压力，或者接触的力或压力的替代物)、确定是否存在 接触的移动并跟踪在触敏表面上的移动(例如，检测一个或多个手指拖 动事件)，以及确定接触是否已停止(例如，检测手指抬起事件或者接 触断开)。接触/运动模块230从触敏表面接收接触数据。确定接触点 的移动任选地包括确定接触点的速率(量值)、速度(量值和方向)和 /或加速度(量值和/或方向的改变)，该接触点的移动由一系列接触数 据来表示。这些操作任选地被应用于单点接触(例如，单指接触)或者 多点同时接触(例如，“多点触摸”/多个手指接触)。在一些实施方 案中，接触/运动模块230和显示控制器256检测触摸板上的接触。
在一些实施方案中，接触/运动模块230使用一组一个或多个强度 阈值来确定操作是否已由用户执行(例如，确定用户是否已“点击”图 标)。在一些实施方案中，根据软件参数来确定强度阈值的至少一个子 集(例如，强度阈值不是由特定物理致动器的激活阈值来确定的，并且 可在不改变设备200的物理硬件的情况下被调节)。例如，在不改变触 控板或触摸屏显示器硬件的情况下，触控板或触摸屏的鼠标“点击”阈 值可被设置为预定义的阈值的大范围中的任一个阈值。另外，在一些具 体实施中，向设备的用户提供用于调节一组强度阈值中的一个或多个强 度阈值(例如，通过调节各个强度阈值和/或通过利用对“强度”参数 的系统级点击来一次调节多个强度阈值)的软件设置。
接触/运动模块230任选地检测用户的手势输入。触敏表面上的不 同手势具有不同的接触图案(例如，所检测到的接触的不同运动、时间 和/或强度)。因此，任选地通过检测特定接触图案来检测手势。例如， 检测手指轻击手势包括检测手指按下事件，然后在与手指按下事件相同 的位置(或基本上相同的位置)处(例如，在图标的位置处)检测手指 抬起(抬离)事件。作为另一个示例，在触敏表面上检测手指轻扫手势 包括检测手指按下事件，然后检测一个或多个手指拖动事件，并且随后 检测手指抬起(抬离)事件。
图形模块232包括用于在触摸屏212或其他显示器上呈现和显示图 形的各种已知的软件部件，包括用于改变所显示的图形的视觉冲击(例 如亮度、透明度、饱和度、对比度或其他视觉特征)的部件。如本文所 用，术语“图形”包括可被显示给用户的任何对象，包括但不限于文本、 网页、图标(诸如包括软按键的用户界面对象)、数字图像、视频、动 画等。
在一些实施方案中，图形模块232存储用于表示待使用的图形的数 据。每个图形任选地被分配有对应的代码。图形模块232从应用程序等 接收指定待显示的图形的一个或多个代码，在必要的情况下还接收坐标 数据和其他图形属性数据，然后生成屏幕图像数据，以输出至显示控制 器256。
触觉反馈模块233包括用于生成指令的各种软件部件，该指令由一 个或多个触觉输出发生器267使用，以便响应于用户与设备200的交互 而在设备200上的一个或多个位置处产生触觉输出。
可作为图形模块232的部件的文本输入模块234提供用于在多种应 用程序(例如联系人237、电子邮件240、即时消息241、浏览器247和 需要文本输入的任何其他应用程序)中输入文本的软键盘。
GPS模块235确定设备的位置并提供了在各种应用程序中使用的这 种信息(例如，提供至用于基于位置的拨号的电话238，提供至相机243 作为图片/视频元数据，以及提供至提供基于位置的服务诸如天气桌面 小程序、当地黄页桌面小程序和地图/导航桌面小程序的应用程序)。
数字助理客户端模块229可包括各种客户端侧数字助理指令，以提 供数字助理的客户端侧功能。例如，数字助理客户端模块229可能够通 过便携式多功能设备200的各种用户界面(例如麦克风213、加速度计 268、触敏显示器系统212、一个或多个光学传感器229、其他输入控制 设备216等)来接受声音输入(例如语音输入)、文本输入、触摸输入 和/或手势输入。数字助理客户端模块229还可能够通过便携式多功能 设备200的各种输出接口(例如扬声器211、触敏显示器系统212、一个 或多个触觉输出发生器267等)来提供音频(例如语音输出)、视觉和 /或触觉形式的输出。例如，可将输出提供为语音、声音、提示、文本 消息、菜单、图形、视频、动画、振动、和/或以上两者或更多者的组 合。在操作期间，数字助理客户端模块229可使用RF电路208来与DA 服务器106进行通信。
用户数据和模型231可包括与用户相关联的各种数据(例如特定于 用户的词汇数据、用户偏好数据、用户指定的名称发音、来自用户电子 通信录的数据、待办事项列表、购物列表等)，以提供数字助理的客户 端侧功能。此外，用户数据和模型231可包括用于处理用户输入和确定 用户意图的各种模型(例如语音识别模型、统计语言模型、自然语言处 理模型、知识本体、任务流模型、服务模型等)。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可利用便携式多功能设备 200的各种传感器、子系统和外围设备来从便携式多功能设备200的周 围环境采集附加信息，以建立与用户、当前用户交互、和/或当前用户 输入相关联的上下文。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可将上 下文信息或其子集与用户输入一起提供至DA服务器106，以帮助推断用户的意图。在一些示例中，数字助理还可使用上下文信息来确定如何准 备输出并将其传送至用户。上下文信息可被称为上下文数据。
在一些示例中，伴随用户输入的上下文信息可包括传感器信息，例 如照明、环境噪声、环境温度、周围环境的图像或视频等。在一些示例 中，上下文信息还可包括设备的物理状态，例如设备取向、设备位置、 设备温度、功率电平、速度、加速度、运动模式、蜂窝信号强度等。在 一些示例中，与DA服务器106的软件状态相关的信息(例如运行过程、 已安装程序、过去和当前的网络活动、后台服务、错误日志、资源使用 等)和与便携式多功能设备200的软件状态相关的信息可作为与用户输 入相关联的上下文信息而被提供至DA服务器106。
在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229可响应于来自DA服务器 106的请求而选择性地提供被存储在便携式多功能设备200上的信息(例 如，用户数据231)。在一些示例中，数字助理客户端模块229还可在 由DA服务器106进行请求时引出来自用户的经由自然语言对话或其他 用户界面的附加输入。数字助理客户端模块229可将该附加输入传送到DA服务器106，以帮助DA服务器106进行意图推断和/或满足在用户请 求中表达的用户意图。
下文参考图7A-图7C描述了数字助理的更详细描述。应当认识到， 数字助理客户端模块229可包括下述数字助理模块726的任意数量的子 模块。
应用程序236可包括以下模块(或指令集)或者其子集或超集：
·联系人模块237(有时叫做通讯录或联系人列表)；
·电话模块238；
·视频会议模块239；
·电子邮件客户端模块240；
·即时消息(IM)模块241；
·健身支持模块242；
·用于静态图像和/或视频图像的相机模块243；
·图像管理模块244；
·视频播放器模块；
·音乐播放器模块；
·浏览器模块247；
·日历模块248；
·桌面小程序模块249，其可包括以下各项中的一者或多者：天气 桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序 249-3、闹钟桌面小程序249-4、词典桌面小程序249-5和由用户 获取的其他桌面小程序以及用户创建的桌面小程序249-6；
·用于形成用户创建的桌面小程序249-6的桌面小程序创建器模块 250；
·搜索模块251；
·视频和音乐播放器模块252，其合并视频播放器模块和音乐播放 器模块；
·记事本模块253；
·地图模块254；和/或
·在线视频模块255。
可被存储在存储器202中的其他应用程序236的示例包括其他文字 处理应用程序、其他图像编辑应用程序、绘图应用程序、呈现应用程序、 支持JAVA的应用程序、加密、数字权益管理、语音识别、和语音复制。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块 232和文本输入模块234，联系人模块237可用于管理地址簿或联系人列 表(例如，被存储在存储器202或存储器470中的联系人模块237的应 用程序内部状态292中)，包括：将一个或多个姓名添加到地址簿；从 地址簿删除一个或多个姓名；使一个或多个电话号码、一个或多个电子 邮件地址、一个或多个物理地址或其他信息与姓名相关联；使图像与姓 名相关联；对姓名归类和分类；提供电话号码或电子邮件地址以发起和 /或促进通过电话238、视频会议模块239、电子邮件240或IM 241进行 通信；等等。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏 212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和文本输入模 块234，电话模块238可用于输入与电话号码对应的字符序列、访问联 系人模块237中的一个或多个电话号码、修改已输入的电话号码、拨打 相应的电话号码、进行会话、以及当会话完成时断开或挂断。如上所述， 无线通信可使用多个通信标准、协议和技术中的任一者。
结合RF电路208、音频电路210、扬声器211、麦克风213、触摸屏 212、显示控制器256、光学传感器264、光学传感器控制器258、接触/ 运动模块230、图形模块232、文本输入模块234、联系人模块237和电 话模块238，视频会议模块239包括根据用户指令来发起、进行和终止 用户与一个或多个其他参与方之间的视频会议的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、 图形模块232和文本输入模块234，电子邮件客户端模块240包括响应 于用户指令来创建、发送、接收和管理电子邮件的可执行指令。结合图 像管理模块244，电子邮件客户端模块240使得非常容易创建和发送具 有由相机模块243拍摄的静态图像或视频图像的电子邮件。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、 图形模块232和文本输入模块234，即时消息模块241包括用于以下操 作的可执行指令：输入与即时消息对应的字符序列、修改先前输入的字 符、传输相应即时消息(例如，使用短消息服务(SMS)或多媒体消息服 务(MMS)协议以用于基于电话的即时消息或者使用XMPP、SIMPLE或IMPS 以用于基于互联网的即时消息)、接收即时消息以及查看所接收的即时 消息。在一些实施方案中，所传输的和/或所接收的即时消息可包括图 形、照片、音频文件、视频文件、和/或在MMS和/或增强型消息服务(EMS) 中支持的其他附件。如本文所用，“即时消息”是指基于电话的消息(例 如，使用SMS或MMS发送的消息)和基于互联网的消息(例如，使用XMPP、SIMPLE、或IMPS发送的消息)两者。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、 图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235、地图模块254和音乐 播放器模块，健身支持模块242包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：创建 健身(例如具有时间、距离、和/或卡路里燃烧目标)；与健身传感器 (移动设备)进行通信；接收健身传感器数据；校准用于监视健身的传 感器；选择健身音乐并进行播放；以及显示、存储和传输健身数据。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、一个或多个光学传感器264、光 学传感器控制器258、接触/运动模块230、图形模块232和图像管理模 块244，相机模块243包括用于以下操作的可执行指令：捕获静态图像 或视频(包括视频流)并且将它们存储到存储器202中、修改静态图像 或视频的特征、或从存储器202删除静态图像或视频。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块 232、文本输入模块234和相机模块243，图像管理模块244包括用于排 列、修改(例如，编辑)、或以其他方式操控、加标签、删除、呈现(例 如，在数字幻灯片或相册中)，以及存储静态图像和/或视频图像的可 执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、 图形模块232和文本输入模块234，浏览器模块247包括用于根据用户 指令来浏览互联网(包括搜索、链接至、接收和显示网页或其部分，以 及链接至网页的附件和其他文件)的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、 图形模块232、文本输入模块234、电子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模 块247，日历模块248包括用于根据用户指令来创建、显示、修改和存 储日历以及与日历相关联的数据(例如日历条目、待办事项等)的可执 行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、 图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序模块 249是可由用户下载并使用的微型应用程序(例如，天气桌面小程序249-1、股市桌面小程序249-2、计算器桌面小程序249-3、闹钟桌面小 程序249-4和词典桌面小程序249-5)或由用户创建的微型应用程序(例 如，用户创建的桌面小程序249-6)。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序 包括HTML(超文本标记语言)文件、CSS(层叠样式表)文件和JavaScript 文件。在一些实施方案中，桌面小程序包括XML(可扩展标记语言)文 件和JavaScript文件(例如，Yahoo！桌面小程序)。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、 图形模块232、文本输入模块234和浏览器模块247，桌面小程序创建器 模块250可被用户用于创建桌面小程序(例如，将网页的用户指定部分 转到桌面小程序中)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块 232和文本输入模块234，搜索模块251包括用于根据用户指令来搜索存 储器202中的匹配一个或多个搜索条件(例如，一个或多个用户指定的 搜索词)的文本、音乐、声音、图像、视频和/或其他文件的可执行指 令。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块 232、音频电路210、扬声器211、RF电路208和浏览器模块247，视频 和音乐播放器模块252包括允许用户下载和回放以一种或多种文件格式 (诸如MP3或AAC文件)存储的所记录的音乐和其他声音文件的可执行 指令，以及用于显示、呈现或以其他方式回放视频(例如，在触摸屏212 上或在经由外部端口224连接的外部显示器上)的可执行指令。在一些 实施方案中，设备200任选地包括MP3播放器，诸如iPod(Apple Inc. 的商标)的功能性。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块 232和文本输入模块234，记事本模块253包括根据用户指令来创建和管 理记事本、待办事项等的可执行指令。
结合RF电路208、触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、 图形模块232、文本输入模块234、GPS模块235和浏览器模块247，地 图模块254可用于根据用户指令来接收、显示、修改和存储地图以及与 地图相关联的数据(例如，驾驶方向、与特定位置处或附近的商店及其 他兴趣点有关的数据、以及其他基于位置的数据)。
结合触摸屏212、显示控制器256、接触/运动模块230、图形模块 232、音频电路210、扬声器211、RF电路208、文本输入模块234、电 子邮件客户端模块240和浏览器模块247，在线视频模块255包括指令， 该指令允许用户访问、浏览、接收(例如，通过流式传输和/或下载)、 回放(例如在触摸屏上或在经由外部端口224所连接的外部显示器上)、 发送具有至特定在线视频的链接的电子邮件，以及以其他方式管理一种 或多种文件格式诸如H.264的在线视频。在一些实施方案中，使用即时 消息模块241而不是电子邮件客户端模块240来发送至特定在线视频的 链接。在线视频应用程序的附加描述可在于2007年6月20日提交的名 称为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and Graphical UserInterface for Playing Online Videos”的美国临时专利申请No. 60/936,562和于2007年12月31日提交的名称为“Portable Multifunction Device,Method,and GraphicalUser Interface for Playing Online Videos”的美国专利申请No.11/968,067中找到，这两个专利申请的内容全文以引用方式并入本文。
上述每个模块和应用程序对应于用于执行上述一种或多种功能以 及在该专利申请中所述的方法(例如，本文所述的计算机实现的方法和 其他信息处理方法)的可执行指令集。这些模块(例如，指令集)不必 被实现为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，并因此在各种实施方案中可组 合或以其他方式重新布置这些模块的各种子集。例如，视频播放器模块可与音乐播放器模块组合成单个模块(例如，图2A中的视频和音乐播 放器模块252)。在一些实施方案中，存储器202可存储上文识别的模 块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器202可存储上文没有描述的附加模 块和数据结构。
在一些实施方案中，设备200是唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触摸板来 执行设备上的预定义的一组功能的操作的设备。通过使用触摸屏和/或 触摸板作为用于设备200的操作的主要输入控制设备，可减少设备200 上的物理输入控制设备(诸如下压按钮、拨号盘等等)的数量。
唯一地通过触摸屏和/或触摸板执行的该预定义的一组功能任选地 包括在用户界面之间进行导航。在一些实施方案中，触摸板当由用户触 摸时将设备200从被显示在设备200上的任何用户界面导航到主菜单、 home菜单或根菜单。在此类实施方案中，使用触摸板来实现“菜单按钮”。 在一些其他实施方案中，菜单按钮是物理下压按钮或者其他物理输入控 制设备，而不是触摸板。
图2B是示出了根据一些实施方案的用于事件处理的示例性部件的 框图。在一些实施方案中，存储器202(图2A)或存储器470(图4)包 括事件分类器270(例如，在操作系统226中)以及相应的应用程序236-1 (例如，前述应用程序237-251、255、480-490中的任一个应用程序)。
事件分类器270接收事件信息并确定要将事件信息递送到的应用程 序236-1和应用程序236-1的应用程序视图291。事件分类器270包括 事件监视器271和事件分配器模块274。在一些实施方案中，应用程序 236-1包括应用程序内部状态292，该应用程序内部状态指示当应用程 序是活动的或正在执行时被显示在触敏显示器212上的一个或多个当前 应用程序视图。在一些实施方案中，设备/全局内部状态257被事件分 类器270用于确定哪个(哪些)应用程序当前是活动的，并且应用程序 内部状态292被事件分类器270用于确定要将事件信息递送到的应用程 序视图291。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序内部状态292包括附加信息，诸如以 下各项中的一者或多者：当应用程序236-1恢复执行时将被使用的恢复 信息、指示正被应用程序236-1显示的信息或准备好用于被应用程序 236-1显示的信息的用户界面状态信息、用于使得用户能够返回到应用 程序236-1的前一状态或视图的状态队列、以及用户采取的先前动作的重复/撤销队列。
事件监视器271从外围设备接口218接收事件信息。事件信息包括 关于子事件(例如，触敏显示器212上的用户触摸，作为多点触摸手势 的一部分)的信息。外围设备接口218传输其从I/O子系统206或传感 器(诸如接近传感器266、一个或多个加速度计268、和/或麦克风213 (通过音频电路210))接收的信息。外围设备接口218从I/O子系统 206接收的信息包括来自触敏显示器212或触敏表面的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件监视器271以预先确定的间隔来将请求发 送至外围设备接口218。作为响应，外围设备接口218传输事件信息。 在其他实施方案中，外围设备接口218仅当存在显著事件(例如，接收 到高于预先确定的噪声阈值的输入和/或接收到超过预先确定的持续时 间的输入)时才传输事件信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件分类器270还包括命中视图确定模块272 和/或活动事件识别器确定模块273。
当触敏显示器212显示多于一个视图时，命中视图确定模块272提 供用于确定子事件已在一个或多个视图内的什么地方发生的软件过程。 视图由用户可在显示器上查看的控件和其他元素组成。
与应用程序相关联的用户界面的另一方面是一组视图，本文中其有 时也被称为应用程序视图或用户界面窗口，在其中显示信息并且发生基 于触摸的手势。在其中检测到触摸的(相应应用程序的)应用程序视图 可对应于应用的程序化或视图分级结构内的程序化水平。例如，在其中 检测到触摸的最低水平视图可被叫做命中视图，并且被识别为正确输入 的那组事件可至少部分地基于开始基于触摸的手势的初始触摸的命中 视图来确定。
点击视图确定模块272接收与基于接触的手势的子事件相关的信 息。当应用具有在分级结构中组织的多个视图时，命中视图确定模块272 将命中视图识别为应对子事件进行处理的分级结构中的最低视图。在大 多数情况下，命中视图是发起子事件(例如，形成事件或潜在事件的子 事件序列中的第一子事件)在其中发生的最低水平视图。一旦命中视图被命中视图确定模块272识别，命中视图便通常接收与其被识别为命中 视图所针对的同一触摸或输入源相关的所有子事件。
活动事件识别器确定模块273确定视图分级结构内的哪个或哪些视 图应接收特定子事件序列。在一些实施方案中，活动事件识别器确定模 块273确定仅命中视图才应接收特定子事件序列。在其他实施方案中， 活动事件识别器确定模块273确定包括子事件的物理位置的所有视图是 活跃参与的视图，并且因此确定所有活跃参与的视图应接收特定子事件 序列。在其他实施方案中，即使触摸子事件完全被局限到与一个特定视 图相关联的区域，分级结构中的更高的视图将仍然保持为活跃参与的视 图。
事件分配器模块274将事件信息分配到事件识别器(例如，事件识 别器280)。在包括活动事件识别器确定模块273的实施方案中，事件 分配器模块274将事件信息递送到由活动事件识别器确定模块273确定 的事件识别器。在一些实施方案中，事件分配器模块274在事件队列中 存储事件信息，该事件信息由相应事件接收器282进行检索。
在一些实施方案中，操作系统226包括事件分类器270。另选地， 应用程序236-1包括事件分类器270。在其他实施方案中，事件分类器 270是独立的模块，或者是被存储在存储器202中的另一个模块(诸如 接触/运动模块230)的一部分。
在一些实施方案中，应用程序236-1包括多个事件处理程序290和 一个或多个应用程序视图291，其中每个应用程序视图包括用于处理发 生在应用程序的用户界面的相应视图内的触摸事件的指令。应用程序 236-1的每个应用程序视图291包括一个或多个事件识别器280。通常， 相应应用程序视图291包括多个事件识别器280。在其他实施方案中， 一个或多个事件识别器280是独立模块的一部分，该独立模块诸如用户 界面工具包(未示出)或应用程序236-1从中继承方法和其他属性的更 高水平的对象。在一些实施方案中，相应事件处理程序290包括以下各 项中的一者或多者：数据更新器276、对象更新器277、GUI更新器278 和/或从事件分类器270所接收的事件数据279。事件处理程序290可利 用或调用数据更新器276、对象更新器277或GUI更新器278，以更新应 用程序内部状态292。另选地，应用程序视图291中的一个或多个应用 程序视图包括一个或多个相应事件处理程序290。另外，在一些实施方 案中，数据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278中的一者或 多者被包括在相应应用程序视图291中。
相应的事件识别器280从事件分类器270接收事件信息(例如，事 件数据279)，并且从事件信息识别事件。事件识别器280包括事件接 收器282和事件比较器284。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280还至 少包括以下各项的子集：元数据283和事件递送指令288(其可包括子 事件递送指令)。
事件接收器282从事件分类器270接收事件信息。事件信息包括关 于子事件(例如触摸或触摸移动)的信息。根据子事件，事件信息还包 括附加信息，诸如子事件的位置。当子事件涉及触摸的运动时，事件信 息还可包括子事件的速率和方向。在一些实施方案中，事件包括设备从 一个取向旋转到另一个取向(例如，从纵向取向旋转到横向取向，或反 之亦然)，并且事件信息包括关于设备的当前取向(也被称为设备姿态) 的对应信息。
事件比较器284将事件信息与预定义的事件或子事件定义进行比 较，并且基于该比较来确定一个事件或子事件，或确定或更新事件或子 事件的状态。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284包括事件定义286。 事件定义286包含事件的定义(例如，预定义的子事件序列)，例如事 件1(287-1)、事件2(287-2)，以及其他事件。在一些实施方案中， 事件287中的子事件包括例如触摸开始、触摸结束、触摸移动、触摸取 消、和多点触摸。在一个示例中，事件1(287-1)的定义是在显示对象 上的双击。例如，双击包括所显示的对象上的预先确定时长的第一次触 摸(触摸开始)、预先确定时长的第一次抬起(触摸结束)、所显示的 对象上的预先确定时长的第二次触摸(触摸开始)以及预先确定时长的 第二次抬起(触摸结束)。在另一个示例中，事件2(287-2)的定义是 所显示对象上的拖动。例如，拖动包括所显示的对象上的预先确定时长 的触摸(或接触)、触摸在触敏显示器212上的移动、以及触摸的抬起 (触摸结束)。在一些实施方案中，事件还包括用于一个或多个相关联 的事件处理程序290的信息。
在一些实施方案中，事件定义287包括用于相应用户界面对象的事 件的定义。在一些实施方案中，事件比较器284执行命中测试以确定哪 个用户界面对象与子事件相关联。例如，在应用程序视图(其中在触摸 显示器212上显示三个用户界面对象)中，当在触敏显示器212上检测 到触摸时，事件比较器284执行命中测试，以确定这三个用户界面对象中的哪一个用户界面对象与触摸(子事件)相关联。如果每个显示对象 与相应的事件处理程序290相关联，则事件比较器使用该命中测试的结 果以确定哪个事件处理程序290应当被激活。例如，事件比较器284选 择与子事件和触发该命中测试的对象相关联的事件处理程序。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件(287)的定义还包括延迟动作，该延 迟动作延迟事件信息的递送，直到已确定子事件序列是否确实对应于或 不对应于事件识别器的事件类型。
当相应事件识别器280确定子事件序列不与事件定义286中的任何 事件匹配时，该相应事件识别器280进入事件不可能、事件失败或事件 结束状态，在此之后忽略基于触摸的手势的后续子事件。在这种情况下， 对于命中视图保持活动的其他事件识别器(如果有的话)继续跟踪和处 理正在进行的基于触摸的手势的子事件。
在一些实施方案中，相应事件识别器280包括具有指示事件递送系 统应该如何执行对活跃参与的事件识别器的子事件递送的可配置属性、 标志和/或列表的元数据283。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括用于 指示事件识别器可彼此如何交互或如何被启用以进行交互的可配置属 性、标志和/或列表。在一些实施方案中，元数据283包括用于指示子 事件是否被递送到视图或程序化分级结构中的不同层级的可配置属性、 标记和/或列表。
在一些实施方案中，当事件的一个或多个特定子事件被识别时，相 应事件识别器280激活与事件相关联的事件处理程序290。在一些实施 方案中，相应事件识别器280将与该事件相关联的事件信息递送到事件 处理程序290。激活事件处理程序290不同于将子事件发送(和延期发 送)到相应的命中视图。在一些实施方案中，事件识别器280抛出与所 识别的事件相关联的标志，并且与该标志相关联的事件处理程序290获 取该标志并执行预定义的过程。
在一些实施方案中，事件递送指令288包括递送关于子事件的事件 信息而不激活事件处理程序的子事件递送指令。相反，子事件递送指令 将事件信息递送到与子事件串相关联的事件处理程序或递送到活跃参 与的视图。与子事件序列或与活跃参与的视图相关联的事件处理程序接 收事件信息并执行预先确定的过程。
在一些实施方案中，数据更新器276创建并更新在应用程序236-1 中使用的数据。例如，数据更新器276对联系人模块237中所使用的电 话号码进行更新，或者对视频播放器模块中所使用的视频文件进行存 储。在一些实施方案中，对象更新器277创建和更新在应用程序236-1 中使用的对象。例如，对象更新器277创建新用户界面对象或更新用户 界面对象的位置。GUI更新器278更新GUI。例如，GUI更新器278准备 显示信息，并且将显示信息发送到图形模块232以用于显示在触敏显示 器上。
在一些实施方案中，一个或多个事件处理程序290包括数据更新器 276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278，或者具有对数据更新器276、 对象更新器277和GUI更新器278的访问权限。在一些实施方案中，数 据更新器276、对象更新器277和GUI更新器278被包括在相应应用程 序236-1或应用程序视图291的单个模块中。在其他实施方案中，它们 被包括在两个或更多个软件模块中。
应当理解，关于触敏显示器上的用户触摸的事件处理的上述论述还 适用于利用输入设备来操作多功能设备200的其他形式的用户输入，并 不是所有用户输入都是在触摸屏上发起的。例如，任选地与单次或多次 键盘按压或保持结合的鼠标移动和鼠标按钮按压；触摸板上的接触移 动，诸如轻击、拖动、滚动等；触笔输入；设备的移动；口头指令；所检测到的眼睛移动；生物特征输入；和/或作为与子事件对应的输入的 用于定义要识别的事件的其任意的组合。
图3示出了根据一些实施方案的具有触摸屏212的便携式多功能设 备200。触摸屏任选地在用户界面(UI)300内显示一个或多个图形。在 该实施方案中以及在下文中描述的其他实施方案中，用户能够通过例如 利用一个或多个手指302(在附图中没有按比例绘制)或者利用一个或 多个触笔303(在附图中没有按比例绘制)在图形上作出手势来选择这 些图形中的一个或多个图形。在一些实施方案中，当用户中断与一个或 多个图形的接触时，将发生对一个或多个图形的选择。在一些实施方案 中，手势任选地包括一次或多次轻击、一次或多次轻扫(从左向右、从 右向左、向上和/或向下)和/或已与设备200发生接触的手指的滚动(从 右向左、从左向右、向上和/或向下)。在一些具体实施中或在一些情 况下，不经意地与图形接触不会选择图形。例如，当与选择对应的手势 是轻击时，在应用程序图标上方轻扫的轻扫手势不会任选地选择相应应 用程序。
设备200还可包括一个或多个物理按钮，诸如“home”按钮或菜单 按钮304。如前所述，菜单按钮304可被用于导航到可在设备200上执 行的应用程序集中的任何应用程序236。另选地，在一些实施方案中， 菜单按钮被实现为被显示在触摸屏212上的GUI中的软键。
在一些实施方案中，设备200包括触摸屏212、菜单按钮304、用 于使设备通电/断电和用于锁定设备的下压按钮306、一个或多个音量调 节按钮308、用户身份模块(SIM)卡槽310、耳麦插孔312、和对接/充电 外部端口224。下压按钮306被任选地用于：通过按下按钮并使按钮在 下压状态保持预先确定的时间间隔来使设备通电/断电；通过按下按钮 并在经过预先确定的时间间隔之前释放按钮来锁定设备；和/或对设备 进行解锁或发起解锁过程。在另选的实施方案中，设备200还通过麦克 风213来接受用于激活或去激活一些功能的言语输入。设备200还任选 地包括用于检测触摸屏212上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感 器265，和/或用于为设备200的用户生成触觉输出的一个或多个触觉输 出发生器267。
图4是根据一些实施方案的具有显示器和触敏表面的示例性多功能 设备的框图。设备400不必是便携式的。在一些实施方案中，设备400 是膝上型电脑、台式计算机、平板电脑、多媒体播放器设备、导航设备、 教育设备(诸如儿童学习玩具)、游戏系统或控制设备(例如，家用控 制器或工业用控制器)。设备400通常包括一个或多个处理单元(CPU) 410、一个或多个网络或其他通信接口460、存储器470和用于使这些部 件互连的一个或多个通信总线420。通信总线420任选地包括使系统部 件互连并且控制系统部件之间的通信的电路(有时叫做芯片组)。设备 400包括具有显示器440的输入/输出(I/O)接口430，该显示器通常是触 摸屏显示器。I/O接口430还任选地包括键盘和/或鼠标(或其他指向设 备)450和触摸板455、用于在设备400上生成触觉输出的触觉输出发生 器457(例如，类似于以上参考图2A所述的一个或多个触觉输出发生器 267)、传感器459(例如，光学传感器、加速度传感器、接近传感器、 触敏传感器、和/或类似于以上参考图2A所述的一个或多个接触强度传感器265的接触强度传感器)。存储器470包括高速随机存取存储器， 诸如DRAM、SRAM、DDRRAM或其他随机存取固态存储器设备，并且任选 地包括非易失性存储器，诸如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、光盘存储设备、 闪存存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器470任选地包括 远离一个或多个CPU 410定位的一个或多个存储设备。在一些实施方案 中，存储器470存储与在便携式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202 中所存储的程序、模块和数据结构类似的程序、模块和数据结构，或它 们的子集。此外，存储器470任选地存储在便携式多功能设备200的存 储器202中不存在的附加程序、模块和数据结构。例如，设备400的存储器470任选地存储绘图模块480、呈现模块482、文字处理模块484、 网站创建模块486、盘编辑模块488、和/或电子表格模块490，而便携 式多功能设备200(图2A)的存储器202任选地不存储这些模块。
图4中的上述元素中的每个元素可被存储在一个或多个前面提到的 存储器设备中。上述模块中的每个模块对应于用于执行上述功能的指令 集。上述模块或程序(例如，指令集)不必被实现为单独的软件程序、 过程或模块，并且因此这些模块的各种子集可在各种实施方案中被组合 或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施方案中，存储器470可存储上述模 块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器470可存储上文没有描述的附加模 块和数据结构。
现在将注意力转到可在例如便携式多功能设备200上实现的用户界 面的实施方案。
图5A示出了根据一些实施方案的便携式多功能设备200上的应用 程序的菜单的示例性用户界面。类似的用户界面可在设备400上实现。 在一些实施方案中，用户界面500包括以下元素或者其子集或超集：
用于一个或多个无线通信(诸如蜂窝信号和Wi-Fi信号)的一个或 多个信号强度指示符502；
·时间504；
·蓝牙指示符505；
·电池状态指示符506；
·具有常用应用程序图标的托盘508，诸如：
○电话模块238的被标记为“电话”的图标516，该图标516任 选地包括未接来电或语音留言的数量的指示符514；
○电子邮件客户端模块240的被标记为“邮件”的图标518，该 图标518任选地包括未读电子邮件的数量的指示符510；
○浏览器模块247的被标记为“浏览器”的图标520；和
○视频和音乐播放器模块252(也称为iPod(Apple Inc.的商标) 模块252)的被标记为“iPod”的图标522；以及
·其他应用程序的图标，图标诸如：
○IM模块241的被标记为“消息”的图标524；
○日历模块248的被标记为“日历”的图标526；
○图像管理模块244的被标记为“照片”的图标528；
○相机模块243的被标记为“相机”的图标530；
○在线视频模块255的被标记为“在线视频”的图标532；
○股市桌面小程序249-2的被标记为“股市”的图标534；
○地图模块254的被标记为“地图”的图标536；
○天气桌面小程序249-1的被标记为“天气”的图标538；
○闹钟桌面小程序249-4的被标记为“时钟”的图标540；
○健身支持模块242的被标记为“健身支持”的图标542；
○记事本模块253的被标记为“记事本”的图标544；以及
○用提供对设备200及其于设置应用程序或模块的被标记为“设 置”的图标546，该图标546各种应用程序236的设置的访问。
应当指出的是，图5A中示出的图标标签仅是示例性的。例如，视 频和音乐播放器模块252的图标522可任选地被标记为“音乐”或“音 乐播放器”。其他标签任选地用于各种应用程序图标。在一些实施方案 中，相应应用程序图标的标签包括与该相应应用程序图标对应的应用程 序的名称。在一些实施方案中，特定应用程序图标的标签不同于与该特 定应用程序图标对应的应用程序的名称。
图5B示出了具有与显示器550(例如，触摸屏显示器212)分开的 触敏表面551(例如，图4的平板电脑或触摸板455)的设备(例如，图 4的设备400)上的示例性用户界面。设备400还任选地包括用于检测触 敏表面551上的接触的强度的一个或多个接触强度传感器(例如，传感 器457中的一个或多个传感器)，和/或用于为设备400的用户生成触觉 输出的一个或多个触觉输出发生器459。
尽管将参考触摸屏显示器212(其中组合了触敏表面和显示器)上 的输入给出随后的示例中的一些示例，但是在一些实施方案中，设备检 测与显示器分开的触敏表面上的输入，如图5B中所示。在一些实施方 案中，触敏表面(例如，图5B中的551)具有与显示器(例如，550) 上的主轴(例如，图5B中的553)对应的主轴(例如，图5B中的552)。 根据这些实施方案，设备检测在与显示器上的相应位置对应的位置(例 如，在图5B中，560对应于568并且562对应于570)处的与触敏表面 551的接触(例如，图5B中的560和562)。这样，在触敏表面(例如， 图5B中的551)与多功能设备的显示器(图5B中的550)分开时，由设 备在触敏表面上检测到的用户输入(例如，接触560和562、以及它们 的移动)被该设备用于操控显示器上的用户界面。应当理解，类似的方 法任选地用于本文所述的其他用户界面。
另外，虽然主要是参考手指输入(例如，手指接触、单指轻击手势、 手指轻扫手势)来给出下面的示例，但是应当理解的是，在一些实施方 案中，这些手指输入中的一个或多个手指输入由来自另一输入设备的输 入(例如，基于鼠标的输入或触笔输入)替代。例如，轻扫手势任选地 由鼠标点击(例如，而不是接触)，之后是光标沿着轻扫的路径的移动 (例如，而不是接触的移动)来替代。作为另一个示例，轻击手势任选 地由在光标位于轻击手势的位置上方时的鼠标点击(例如，而不是对接 触的检测，之后是终止检测接触)来替代。类似地，当同时检测到多个 用户输入时，应当理解的是，多个计算机鼠标任选地被同时使用，或鼠 标和手指接触任选地被同时使用。
图6A示出了示例性个人电子设备600。设备600包括主体602。在 一些实施方案中，设备600可包括针对设备200和400(例如，图2A- 图4)所述的特征部中的一些或全部特征。在一些实施方案中，设备600 具有在下文中被称为触摸屏604的触敏显示屏604。作为触摸屏604的 替代或补充，设备600具有显示器和触敏表面。与设备200和400的情 况一样，在一些实施方案中，触摸屏604(或触敏表面)可具有用于检 测所施加的接触(例如，触摸)的强度的一个或多个强度传感器。触摸 屏604(或触敏表面)的一个或多个强度传感器可提供表示触摸的强度 的输出数据。设备600的用户界面可基于触摸强度来对触摸作出响应， 这意味着不同强度的触摸可调用设备600上的不同的用户界面操作。
例如，可在如下相关专利申请中找到用于检测和处理触摸强度的技 术：于2013年5月8日提交的名称为“Device,Method,and Graphical User Interface for DisplayingUser Interface Objects Corresponding to an Application”的国际专利申请No. PCT/US2013/040061的，以及于2013年11月11日提交的名称为“Device, Method,and GraphicalUser Interface for Transitioning Between Touch Input to Display OutputRelationships”的国际专利申请No. PCT/US2013/069483，这两个专利申请中的每个专利申请全文以引用方 式并入本文。
在一些实施方案中，设备600具有一个或多个输入机构606和608。 输入机构606和608(如果包括的话)可以是物理形式的。物理输入机 构的示例包括下压按钮和可旋转机构。在一些实施方案中，设备600具 有一个或多个附接机构。此类附接机构(如果包括的话)可允许将设备 600与例如帽子、眼镜、耳环、项链、衬衣、夹克、手镯、表带、手链、 裤子、皮带、鞋子、钱包、背包等附接。这些附接机构可允许用户穿戴 设备600。
图6B示出了示例性个人电子设备600。在一些实施方案中，设备 600可包括参考图2A、图2B和图4所述的部件中的一些或全部部件。设 备600具有将I/O部分614与一个或多个计算机处理器616和存储器618 操作性地耦接的总线612。I/O部分614可连接到可具有触敏部件622 并且任选地还具有触摸强度敏感部件624的显示器604。此外，I/O部分 614可与通信单元630连接，以用于使用Wi-Fi、蓝牙、近场通信(NFC)、 蜂窝和/或其他无线通信技术来接收应用程序和操作系统数据。设备600 可包括输入机构606和/或608。例如，输入机构606可以是可旋转输入 设备、或者可按压输入设备以及可旋转输入设备。在一些示例中，输入机构608可以是按钮。
在一些示例中，输入机构608可以是麦克风。个人电子设备600可 包括各种传感器，诸如GPS传感器632、加速度计634、定向传感器640 (例如，罗盘)、陀螺仪636、运动传感器638和/或其组合，所有这些 设备均可操作地连接到I/O部分614。
个人电子设备600的存储器618可以是用于存储计算机可执行指令 的非暂态计算机可读存储介质，该指令当由一个或多个计算机处理器 616执行时例如可使得计算机处理器执行包括过程1200(图12)的下述 技术。该计算机可执行指令也可在任何非暂态计算机可读存储介质内进 行存储和/或传送，以供指令执行系统、装置或设备诸如基于计算机的系统、包含处理器的系统或可从指令执行系统、装置或设备取指令并执 行指令的其他系统使用或与其结合。个人电子设备600不限于图6B的 部件和配置，而是可包括多种配置中的其他部件或附加部件。
如本文所用，术语“示能表示”是指可在设备200,400和/或600 (图2、图4和图6)的显示屏上显示的用户交互式图形用户界面对象。 例如，图像(例如，图标)、按钮和文本(例如，链接)可各自构成示 能表示。
如本文所用，术语“焦点选择器”是指用于指示用户正与其进行交 互的用户界面的当前部分的输入元素。在包括光标或其他位置标记的一 些具体实施中，光标充当“焦点选择器”，使得当光标在特定用户界面 元素(例如，按钮、窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)上方时在触敏表 面(例如，图4中的触摸板455或图5B中的触敏表面551)上检测到输 入(例如，按压输入)时，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而 被调节。在包括能够实现与触摸屏显示器上的用户界面元素的直接交互 的触摸屏显示器(例如，图2A中的触敏显示器系统212或图5A中的触 摸屏212)的一些具体实施中，触摸屏上的所检测到的接触充当“焦点 选择器”，使得当在触摸屏显示器上在特定用户界面元素(例如，按钮、 窗口、滑块或其他用户界面元素)的位置处检测到输入(例如，由接触 进行的按压输入)时，该特定用户界面元素根据所检测到的输入而被调 节。在一些具体实施中，焦点从用户界面的一个区域移动到用户界面的 另一个区域，而无需光标的对应移动或触摸屏显示器上的接触的移动(例如，通过使用制表键或箭头键来将焦点从一个按钮移动到另一个按 钮)；在这些具体实施中，焦点选择器根据用户界面的不同区域之间的 焦点移动而移动。不考虑焦点选择器所采取的具体形式，焦点选择器通 常是由用户控制的以便递送与用户界面的用户预期的交互(例如，通过 向设备指示用户界面的用户期望与其进行交互的元素)的用户界面元素(或触摸屏显示器上的接触)。例如，在触敏表面(例如，触摸板或触 摸屏)上检测到按压输入时，焦点选择器(例如，光标、接触或选择框) 在相应按钮上方的位置将指示用户期望激活相应按钮(而不是设备显示 器上示出的其他用户界面元素)。
如说明书和权利要求书中所使用的，接触的“特征强度”这一术语 是指基于接触的一个或多个强度的接触的特征。在一些实施方案中，特 征强度基于多个强度样本。特征强度任选地基于相对于预定义事件(例 如，在检测到接触之后，在检测到接触抬起之前，在检测到接触开始移 动之前或之后，在检测到接触结束之前，在检测到接触的强度增大之前或之后和/或在检测到接触的强度减小之前或之后)而言在预先确定的 时间段(例如，0.05秒、0.1秒、0.2秒、0.5秒、1秒、2秒、5秒、 10秒)期间采集的预定义数量的强度样本或一组强度样本。接触的特征 强度任选地基于以下各项中的一者或多者：接触强度的最大值、接触强 度的均值、接触强度的平均值、接触强度的前10％处的值、接触强度的 半最大值、接触强度的90％最大值等。在一些实施方案中，在确定特征 强度时使用接触的持续时间(例如，在特征强度是接触的强度在时间上 的平均值时)。在一些实施方案中，将特征强度与一组一个或多个强度 阈值进行比较，以确定用户是否已执行操作。例如，该组一个或多个强 度阈值可包括第一强度阈值和第二强度阈值。在该示例中，特征强度未 超过第一阈值的接触导致第一操作，特征强度超过第一强度阈值但未超 过第二强度阈值的接触导致第二操作，并且特征强度超过第二阈值的接 触导致第三操作。在一些实施方案中，使用特征强度与一个或多个阈值 之间的比较来确定是否要执行一个或多个操作(例如，是执行相应操作 还是放弃执行相应操作)，而不是用于确定执行第一操作还是第二操作。
在一些实施方案中，识别手势的一部分以用于确定特征强度。例如， 触敏表面可接收连续的轻扫接触，该连续的轻扫接触从起始位置过渡并 到达结束位置，在该结束位置处，接触的强度增加。在该示例中，接触 在结束位置处的特征强度可仅基于连续轻扫接触的一部分，而不是整个 轻扫接触(例如，仅结束位置处的轻扫接触部分)。在一些实施方案中， 可在确定接触的特征强度之前向轻扫手势的强度应用平滑化算法。例 如，该平滑化算法任选地包括以下各项中的一者或多者：不加权滑动平 均平滑化算法、三角平滑化算法、中值滤波器平滑化算法、和/或指数 平滑化算法。在一些情况下，这些平滑化算法消除了轻扫接触的强度中 的窄的尖峰或凹陷，以实现确定特征强度的目的。
可相对于一个或多个强度阈值诸如接触检测强度阈值、轻按压强度 阈值、深按压强度阈值和/或一个或多个其他强度阈值来表征触敏表面 上的接触的强度。在一些实施方案中，轻按压强度阈值对应于这样的强 度：在该强度下设备将执行通常与点击物理鼠标的按钮或触控板相关联 的操作。在一些实施方案中，深按压强度阈值对应于这样的强度：在该 强度下设备将执行与通常与点击物理鼠标或触控板的按钮相关联的操 作不同的操作。在一些实施方案中，当检测到特征强度低于轻按压强度 阈值(例如，并且高于标称接触检测强度阈值，比标称接触检测强度阈 值低的接触不再被检测到)的接触时，设备将根据接触在触敏表面上的 移动来移动焦点选择器，而不执行与轻按压强度阈值或深按压强度阈值 相关联的操作。一般来讲，除非另有陈述，否则这些强度阈值在不同组 的用户界面附图之间是一致的。
接触的特征强度从低于轻按压强度阈值的强度增大到介于轻按压 强度阈值与深按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为“轻按压”输入。接 触的特征强度从低于深按压强度阈值的强度增大到高于深按压强度阈 值的强度有时被称为“深按压”输入。接触的特征强度从低于接触检测 强度阈值的强度增大到介于接触检测强度阈值与轻按压强度阈值之间的强度有时被称为检测到触摸表面上的接触。接触的特征强度从高于接 触检测强度阈值的强度减小到低于接触检测强度阈值的强度有时被称 为检测到接触从触摸表面抬起。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值 为零。在一些实施方案中，接触检测强度阈值大于零。
在本文中所述的一些实施方案中，响应于检测到包括相应按压输入 的手势或响应于检测到利用相应接触(或多个接触)执行的相应按压输 入来执行一个或多个操作，其中至少部分地基于检测到该接触(或多个 接触)的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值而检测到相应按压输入。在 一些实施方案中，响应于检测到相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强 度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向下冲程”)来执行相应操作。在一 些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度 阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入强度阈值，并且响应于 检测到相应接触的强度随后减小到低于按压输入阈值(例如，相应按压 输入的“向上冲程”)来执行相应操作。
在一些实施方案中，设备采用强度滞后以避免有时被称为“抖动” 的意外输入，其中设备限定或选择与按压输入强度阈值具有预定义关系 的滞后强度阈值(例如，滞后强度阈值比按压输入强度阈值低X个强度 单位，或滞后强度阈值是按压输入强度阈值的75％、90％或某个合理比 例)。因此，在一些实施方案中，按压输入包括相应接触的强度增大到高于按压输入强度阈值以及该接触的强度随后减小到低于对应于按压 输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值，并且响应于检测到相应接触的强度随后 减小到低于滞后强度阈值(例如，相应按压输入的“向上冲程”)来执 行相应操作。类似地，在一些实施方案中，仅在设备检测到接触强度从 等于或低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到等于或高于按压输入强度阈值 的强度并且任选地接触强度随后减小到等于或低于滞后强度的强度时 才检测到按压输入，并且响应于检测到按压输入(例如，根据环境，接 触强度增大或接触强度减小)来执行相应操作。
为了容易解释，任选地，响应于检测到以下各种情况中的任一种情 况而触发对响应于与按压输入强度阈值相关联的按压输入或响应于包 括按压输入的手势而执行的操作的描述：接触强度增大到高于按压输入 强度阈值、接触强度从低于滞后强度阈值的强度增大到高于按压输入强 度阈值的强度、接触强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值，和/或接触强 度减小到低于与按压输入强度阈值对应的滞后强度阈值。另外，在将操 作描述为响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于按压输入强度阈值而执 行的示例中，任选地响应于检测到接触的强度减小到低于对应于并且小 于按压输入强度阈值的滞后强度阈值来执行操作。
3.数字助理系统
图7A示出了根据各种示例的数字助理系统700的框图。在一些示 例中，数字助理系统700可在独立式计算机系统上实施。在一些示例中， 数字助理系统700可跨多个计算机分布。在一些示例中，数字助理的模 块和功能中的一些被划分成服务器部分和客户端部分，其中客户端部分 位于一个或多个用户设备(例如，设备104,122,200,400或600)上 并通过一个或多个网络与服务器部分(例如，服务器系统108)进行通 信，例如如图1中所示的。在一些示例中，数字助理系统700可以是图 1中所示的服务器系统108(和/或DA服务器106)的具体实施。应当指 出的是，数字助理系统700仅为数字助理系统的一个示例，并且该数字 助理系统700可具有比示出更多或更少的部件、可组合两个或更多个部 件，或可具有部件的不同配置或布局。图7A中所示的各种部件可在硬 件、用于由一个或多个处理器执行的软件指令、固件(包括一个或多个 信号处理集成电路和/或专用集成电路)，或它们的组合中实现。
数字助理系统700可包括存储器702、一个或多个处理器704、输 入/输出(I/O)接口706、以及网络通信接口708。这些部件可通过一条 或多条通信总线或信号线710彼此通信。
在一些示例中，存储器702可包括非暂态计算机可读介质，诸如高 速随机存取存储器和/或非易失性计算机可读存储介质(例如，一个或 多个磁盘存储设备、闪存存储器设备、或其他非易失性固态存储器设 备)。
在一些示例中，I/O接口706可将数字助理系统700的输入/输出设 备716诸如显示器、键盘、触摸屏和麦克风耦接到用户界面模块722。 与用户界面模块722结合的I/O接口706可接收用户输入(例如，语音 输入、键盘输入、触摸输入等)并相应地对这些输入进行处理。在一些 示例中，例如当数字助理在独立式用户设备上实施时，数字助理系统700 可包括相对于图2A、图4、图6A-图6B中的用户设备200,400或600 所描述的部件和I/O通信接口中的任一者。在一些示例中，数字助理系 统700可表示数字助理具体实施的服务器部分，并且通过位于用户设备 (例如，设备104,200,400或600)上的客户端侧部分与用户进行交互。
在一些示例中，网络通信接口708可包括一个或多个有线通信端口 712和/或无线传输和接收电路714。一个或多个有线通信端口可经由一 个或多个有线接口例如以太网、通用串行总线(USB)、火线等来接收和 发送通信信号。无线电路714可从通信网络以及其他通信设备接收RF 信号和/或光学信号并且将RF信号和/或光学信号发送至通信网络以及其他通信设备。无线通信可使用多种通信标准、协议和技术中的任一者， 诸如GSM、EDGE、CDMA、TDMA、蓝牙、Wi-Fi、VoIP、Wi-MAX或任何其 他合适的通信协议。网络通信接口708可使数字助理系统700通过网络 诸如互联网、内联网和/或无线网络诸如蜂窝电话网络、无线局域网(LAN) 和/或城域网(MAN)与其他设备之间的通信成为可能。
在一些示例中，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可读存储介质可 存储程序、模块、指令和数据结构，其包括以下内容中的全部或其子集： 操作系统718、通信模块720、用户界面模块722、一个或多个应用程序 724和数字助理模块726。具体地，存储器702或存储器702的计算机可 读存储介质可存储用于执行过程1200的下述指令。一个或多个处理器704可执行这些程序、模块和指令，并从数据结构读取数据或将数据写 到数据结构。
操作系统718(例如，Darwin、RTXC、LINUX、UNIX、OS X、WINDOWS， 或嵌入式操作系统诸如VxWorks)可包括用于控制和管理一般系统任务 (例如，存储器管理、存储设备控制、电源管理等)的各种软件部件和 /或驱动器，并且促进各种硬件、固件和软件部件之间的通信。
通信模块720可促进数字助理系统700与其他设备之间的通过网络 通信接口708进行的通信。例如，通信模块720可与诸如分别在图2A、 图4、图6A-图6B中示出的设备200,400和600的电子设备的RF电路208进行通信。通信模块720还可包括用于处理由无线电路714和/或有 线通信端口712所接收的数据的各种部件。
用户界面模块722可经由I/O接口706从用户(例如，来自键盘、 触摸屏、指向设备、控制器和/或麦克风)接收命令和/或输入，并在显 示器上生成用户界面对象。用户界面模块722还可准备输出(例如，语 音、声音、动画、文本、图标、振动、触觉反馈、光照等)并将其经由 I/O接口706(例如，通过显示器、音频通道、扬声器和触摸板等)传 送至用户。
应用程序724可包括被配置为由一个或多个处理器704执行的程序 和/或模块。例如，如果数字助理系统在独立式用户设备上实施，则应 用程序724可包括用户应用程序，诸如游戏、日历应用程序、导航应用 程序、或电子邮件应用程序。如果数字助理系统700在服务器上实施， 则应用程序724可包括例如资源管理应用程序、诊断应用程序或调度应 用程序。
存储器702还可存储数字助理模块726(或数字助理的服务器部分)。 在一些示例中，数字助理模块726可包括以下子模块或其子集或超集： 输入/输出处理模块728、语音到文本(STT)处理模块730、自然语言处 理模块732、对话流处理模块734、任务流处理模块736、服务处理模块 738、和语音合成模块740。这些模块中的每个模块具有对以下系统或数字助理模块726的数据和模型中的一者或多者或其子集或超集的访问权 限：知识本体760、词汇索引744、用户数据748、任务流模型754、服 务模型756、和ASR系统。
在一些示例中，使用在数字助理模块726中实施的处理模块、数据 和模型，数字助理可执行以下操作中的至少一些操作：将语音输入转换 为文本；识别从用户接收的自然语言输入中表达的用户的意图；积极地 引出并获取用于充分推断用户的意图所需的信息(例如，通过对字词、 游戏、意向等进行消歧)；确定用于实现推断出的意图的任务流；以及 执行任务流以实现推断出的意图。
在一些示例中，如图7B中所示，I/O处理模块728可通过图7A中 的I/O设备716与用户进行交互或通过图7A中的网络通信接口708与用 户设备(例如，设备104,200,400或600)交进行互以获取用户输入 (例如，语音输入)并且提供对用户输入的响应(例如，作为语音输出)。I/O处理模块728可连同接收到用户输入一起或在接收到用户输入之后 不久任选地获取与来自用户设备的用户输入相关联的上下文信息。该上 下文信息包括特定于用户的数据、词汇、和/或与用户输入相关的偏好。 在一些示例中，该上下文信息还包括在接收到用户请求时用户设备的软 件状态和硬件状态，和/或与在接收到用户请求时用户的周围环境相关 的信息。在一些示例中，I/O处理模块728还可向用户发送与用户请求 有关的跟进问题，并从用户接收回答。在用户请求被I/O处理模块728 接收并且用户请求可包括语音输入时，I/O处理模块728可将语音输入 转发至STT处理模块730(或语音识别器)以进行语音到文本转换。
STT处理模块730可包括一个或多个ASR系统。该一个或多个ASR 系统可处理通过I/O处理模块728接收的语音输入，以产生识别结果。 每个ASR系统可包括前端语音预处理器。该前端语音预处理器可从语音 输入提取表示特征。例如，前端语音预处理器可对语音输入执行傅里叶 变换，以提取将语音输入表征为表示性多维矢量的序列的频谱特征。此外，每个ASR系统可包括一个或多个语音识别模型(例如，声音模型和 /或语言模型)，并且可实施一个或多个语音识别引擎。语音识别模型 的示例可包括隐马尔科夫模型、高斯-混合模型、深度神经网络模型、n 元语言模型、和其他统计模型。语音识别引擎的示例可包括基于动态时 间翘曲的引擎和基于加权有限状态换能器(WFST)的引擎一种或多种语 音识别模型和一种或多种语音识别引擎可用于处理前端语音预处理器 的经提取的表示性特征，以产生中间识别结果(例如，音素、音素串和 子字词)，并最终产生文本识别结果(例如，字词、字词串或令牌序列)。 在一些示例中，可至少部分地由第三方服务或在用户的设备(例如，设 备104,200,400或600)上处理语音输入，以产生识别结果。一旦STT 处理模型730产生包含文本串的识别结果(例如，字词或字词序列或令 牌序列)，便可将识别结果传送到自然语言处理模块732以进行意图推 断。
有关语音到文本处理的更多细节在于2011年9月20日提交的名称 为“Consolidating Speech Recognition Results”的美国实用新型专 利申请No.13/236,942中有所描述，其整个公开内容以引用方式并入 本文。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730可包括和/或可经由语音字母表转 化模块731来访问可识别字词的词汇表。每个词汇表字词可与在语音识 别语音字母表中表示的字词的一个或多个候选发音相关联。具体地，可 识别字词的词汇表可包括与多个候选发音相关联的字词。例如，词汇表 可包括与候选发音
Figure BDA0001306602180000433
和
Figure BDA0001306602180000432
相关联的字词 “tomato”。此外，词汇表字词可与基于来自用户的先前语音输入的定 制候选发音相关联。此类定制候选发音可被存储在STT处理模块730中， 并可经由设备上的用户的概况而与特定用户相关联。在一些示例中，可 基于字词的拼写以及一条或多条语言学和/或语音学规则来确定字词的 候选发音。在一些示例中，可手动例如基于已知的规范发音来生成候选 发音。
在一些示例中，可基于候选发音的常见性来对候选发音排序。例如， 可将候选发音
Figure BDA0001306602180000434
排得比
Figure BDA0001306602180000435
更高，因为前者 是更常用的发音(例如，在所有用户中，对于在特定地理区域的用户而 言，或对于任何其他合适的用户子集而言)。在一些示例中，可基于候 选发音是否是与用户相关联的定制候选发音来对候选发音排序。例如， 可将定制候选发音排得比规范候选发音更高。这对于识别具有偏离规范 发音的独特发音的合适的名词可能有用。在一些示例中，候选发音可与 一个或多个语音特征诸如地理起源、民族、或种族相关联。例如，候选 发音
Figure BDA0001306602180000436
可能与美国相关联，而候选发音
Figure BDA0001306602180000437
可能与英国相关联。此外，候选发音的排序可基于被存储在设备上的用 户概况中的用户的一个或多个特征(例如，地理起源、民族、种族等)。 例如，其可从用户与美国相关联的用户概况确定。基于用户与美国相关 联，可以将候选发音
Figure BDA0001306602180000438
(与美国相关联)排得比候选发 音
Figure BDA0001306602180000439
(与英国相关联)更高。在一些示例中，可选择经排 序的候选发音中的一个经排序的候选发音作为预测发音(例如，最可能 的发音)。
在接收到语音输入时，STT处理模块730可用于(例如，使用声学 模型)确定与语音输入对应的音素，并且然后尝试(例如，使用语言模 型)确定匹配该音素的字词。例如，如果STT处理模块730可首先识与 语音输入的一部分对应的音素序列
Figure BDA00013066021800004310
则其然后可基于 词汇表索引744来确定该序列对应于字词“tomato”。
在一些示例中，STT处理模块730可使用近似的匹配技术来确定语 音输入中的字词。因此，例如，即使特定音素序列不是针对该字词的候 选音素序列中的一个候选音素序列，STT处理模块730也可确定音素序 列
Figure BDA0001306602180000441
对应于字词“tomato”。
数字助理的自然语言处理模块732(“自然语言处理器”)可取得 由STT处理模块730生成的字词或令牌的序列(“令牌序列”)，并尝 试将该令牌序列与由数字助理所识别的一个或多个“可执行意图”相关 联。“可执行意图”可表示可由数字助理执行并且具有在任务流模型754 中实施的相关联任务流的任务。相关联任务流可以是数字助理为了执行 任务而采取的一系列经编程的动作和步骤。数字助理的能力范围可取决 于已在任务流模型754中实施并存储的任务流的数量和种类，或换句话 讲，取决于数字助理所识别的“可执行意图”的数量和种类。然而，数 字助理的有效性还可取决于助理从以自然语言表达的用户请求中推断 出正确的“一个或多个可执行意图”的能力。
在一些示例中，除从STT处理模块730获取的字词或令牌的序列之 外，自然语言处理模块732还可例如从I/O处理模块728接收与用户请 求相关联的上下文信息。自然语言处理模块732可任选地使用上下文信 息来明确、补充和/或进一步限定在从STT处理模块730接收的被包含在 令牌序列中的信息。上下文信息可包括例如用户偏好，用户设备的硬件状态和/或软件状态，在用户请求之前、期间或之后不久收集的传感器 信息，数字助理与用户之间的先前交互(例如，对话)，等等。如本文 所述，上下文信息可以是动态的，并且可随对话的时间、位置、内容、 以及其他因素而变化。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理可基于例如知识本体760。知识本体 760可以是包含许多节点的分级结构，每个节点表示“可执行意图”或 与“可执行意图”或其他“属性”中的一者或多者相关的“属性”。如 上所述，“可执行意图”可表示数字助理能够执行的任务，即该任务为 “可执行的”或可被执行的。“属性”可表示与可执行意图或另一属性 的子方面相关联的参数。知识本体760中的可执行意图节点与属性节点 之间的联系可限定由属性节点表示的参数如何与由可执行意图节点表 示的任务相关联。
在一些示例中，知识本体760可由可执行意图节点和属性节点组成。 在知识本体760内，每个可执行意图节点可直接链接至或通过一个或多 个中间属性节点链接至一个或多个属性节点。类似地，每个属性节点可 直接链接至或通过一个或多个中间属性节点链接至一个或多个可执行 意图节点。例如，如图7C所示，知识本体760可包括“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”(针对 预订)和“同行人数”均可直接链接至可执行意图节点(即，“餐厅预 订”节点)。
此外，属性节点“菜系”、“价格范围”、“电话号码”和“位置” 可为属性节点“餐厅”的子节点，并且可通过中间属性节点“餐厅”各 自链接至“餐厅预订”节点(即，可执行意图节点)。作为另一个示例， 如图7C所示，知识本体760还可包括“设置提醒”节点(即，另一可执 行意图节点)。属性节点“日期/时间”(针对设置提醒)和“主题” (针对提醒)可各自链接至“设置提醒”节点。由于属性“日期/时间” 与进行餐厅预订的任务和设置提醒的任务两者相关，因此属性节点“日 期/时间”可链接至知识本体760中的“餐厅预订”节点和“设置提醒” 节点两者。
可执行意图节点连同其链接的概念节点一起可被描述为“域”。在 本论述中，每个域可与相应的可执行意图相关联，并涉及与特定可执行 意图相关联的一组节点(以及这些节点之间的关系)。例如，图7C中 示出的知识本体760可包括知识本体760内的餐厅预订域762的示例以 及提醒域764的示例。餐厅预订域包括可执行意图节点“餐厅预订”、 属性节点“餐厅”、“日期/时间”和“同行人数”以及子属性节点“菜 系”、“价格范围”、“电话号码”和“位置”。提醒域764可包括可 执行意图节点“设置提醒”以及属性节点“主题”和“日期/时间”。 在一些示例中，知识本体760由很多域组成。每个域可与一个或多个其 他域共享一个或多个属性节点。例如，除了餐厅预订域762和提醒域764 之外，“日期/时间”属性节点还可与许多不同域(例如，行程安排域、 旅行预订域、电影票域等)相关联。
尽管图7C示出了知识本体760内的两个示例域，但其他域可包括 例如“查找电影”、“发起电话呼叫”、“查找方向”、“安排会议”、 “发送消息”以及“提供问题的回答”、“阅读列表”、“提供导航指 令”、“提供针对任务的指令”等。“发送消息”域可与“发送消息” 可执行意图节点相关联，并且还可包括属性节点诸如“一个或多个接收 人”、“消息类型”和“消息正文”。属性节点“接收人”可进一步例 如由子属性节点诸如“接收人姓名”和“消息地址”来限定。
在一些示例中，知识本体760可包括数字助理能够理解并对其起作 用的所有域(以及因而可执行意图)。在一些示例中，知识本体760可 诸如通过添加或移除整个域或节点或者通过修改知识本体760内的节点 之间的关系而被修改。
在一些示例中，可将与多个相关可执行意图相关联的节点群集在知 识本体760中的“超级域”下。例如，“旅行”超级域可包括与旅行有 关的属性节点和可执行意图节点的群集。与旅行有关的可执行意图节点 可包括“航班预订”、“酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”、 “寻找兴趣点”，等等。同一超级域(例如，“旅行”超级域)下的可 执行意图节点可具有多个共用的属性节点。例如，针对“机票预订”、 “酒店预订”、“汽车租赁”、“路线规划”和“寻找兴趣点”的可执 行意图节点可共享属性节点“起始位置”、“目的地”、“出发日期/ 时间”、“到达日期/时间”和“同行人数”中的一者或多者。
在一些示例中，知识本体760中的每个节点可与和由节点表示的属 性或可执行意图有关的一组字词和/或短语相关联。与每个节点相关联 的相应组的字词和/或短语可以是与节点相关联的所谓的“词汇”。可 将与每个节点相关联的相应组的字词和/或短语存储在与由节点所表示 的属性或可执行意图相关联的词汇索引744中。例如，返回图7B，与“餐厅”属性的节点相关联的词汇可包括字词诸如“美食”、“酒水”、“菜 系”、“饥饿”、“吃”、“披萨”、“快餐”、“膳食”等。对于另 一个示例，与“发起电话呼叫”可执行意图的节点相关联的词汇可包括 字词和短语诸如“呼叫”、“打电话”、“拨打”、“与...通电话”、 “呼叫该号码”、“打电话给”等。词汇索引744可任选地包括不同语 言的字词和短语。
自然语言处理模块732可从STT处理模块730接收令牌序列(例如， 文本串)，并确定令牌序列中的牵涉哪些节点。在一些示例中，如果发 现令牌序列中的字词或短语与知识本体760中的一个或多个节点相关联 (经由词汇索引744)，则该字词或短语可“触发”或“激活”这些节 点。基于已激活节点的数量和/或相对重要性，自然语言处理模块732 可选择可执行意图中的一个可执行意图作为用户意图使数字助理执行 的任务。在一些示例中，可选择具有最多“已触发”节点的域。在一些 示例中，可选择具有最高置信度值(例如，基于其各个已触发节点的相 对重要性)的域。在一些示例中，可基于已触发节点的数量和重要性的组合来选择域。在一些示例中，在选择节点的过程中还考虑附加因素， 诸如数字助理先前是否已正确解译来自用户的类似请求。
用户数据748可包括特定于用户的信息，诸如特定于用户的词汇、 用户偏好、用户地址、用户的默认语言和第二语言、用户的联系人列表、 以及针对每位用户的其他短期信息或长期信息。在一些示例中，自然语 言处理模块732可使用特定于用户的信息来补充被包含用在户输入中的 信息，以进一步限定用户意图。例如，针对用户请求“邀请我的朋友参加我的生日派对”，自然语言处理模块732可能够访问用户数据748， 以确定“朋友”是哪些人以及“生日派对”将于何时何地举行，而无需 用户在其请求中明确地提供此类信息。
基于令牌串搜索知识本体的其他细节在于2008年12月22日提交的 名称为“Method and Apparatus for Searching Using An Active Ontology”的美国实用新型专利申请No.12/341,743中有所描述，其 整个公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
在一些示例中，一旦自然语言处理模块732基于用户请求识别出可 执行意图(或域)，自然语言处理模块732便可生成结构化查询以表示 所识别的可执行意图。在一些示例中，结构化查询可包括域内de针对 可执行意图的一个或多个节点的参数，并且该参数中的至少一些参数填 充有在用户请求中指定的特定信息和要求。例如，用户可以说“帮我在 寿司店预订晚上7点的座位。”在这种情况下，自然语言处理模块732 可能够基于用户输入将来可执行意图正确地识别为“餐厅预订”。根据 知识本体，“餐厅预订”域的结构化查询可包括参数诸如{菜系}、{时 间}、{日期}、{同行人数}等。在一些示例中，基于语音输入和使用STT 处理模块730从语音输入导出的文本，自然语言处理模块732可针对餐 厅预订域来生成部分结构化查询，其中该部分结构化查询包括参数{菜 系＝“寿司类”}以及{时间＝“晚上7点”}。然而，在该示例中，用户 语音输入包含不足以完成与域相关联的结构化查询的信息。因此，基于 当前可用的信息，在结构化查询中可能未指定其他必要的参数，诸如{同 行人数}和{日期}。在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可利用所接 收的上下文信息来填充结构化查询的一些参数。例如，在一些示例中， 如果用户请求“附近的”寿司店，则自然语言处理模块732可利用来自 用户设备的GPS坐标来填充结构化查询中的{位置}参数。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732可将生成的结构化查询(包 括任何已完成的参数)传送至任务流处理模块736(“任务流处理器”)。 任务流处理模块736可被配置为从自然语言处理模块732接收结构化查 询，完成结构化查询(必要时)，以及执行“完成”用户最终请求所需 的动作。在一些示例中，完成这些任务所必需的各种过程可在任务流模 型754中提供。在一些示例中，任务流模型754可包括用于获取来自用 户的附加信息的过程，以及用于执行与可执行意图相关联的动作的任务 流。
如上所述，为了完成结构化查询，任务流处理模块736可能需要发 起与用户的附加对话，以便获取附加信息和/或对可能含糊的语音输入 消歧。考虑到此类交互的必要性，任务流处理模块736可调用对话流处 理模块734来参与和用户的对话。在一些示例中，对话流处理模块734 可确定如何(和/或何时)向用户请求附加信息，并且接收和处理用户 响应。通过I/O处理模块728可将问题提供至用户并从用户接收回答。 在一些示例中，对话流处理模块734可经由音频和/或视觉输出来向用 户呈现对话输出，并经由口头或物理(例如，点击)响应来从用户接收 输入。继续上述示例，在任务流处理模块736调用对话流处理模块734 来确定针对与域“餐厅预订”相关联的结构化查询的“同行人数”和“日 期”信息时，对话流处理模块734可生成问题诸如“一行几位？”和“预 订哪天？”，以传送至用户。一旦接收到来自用户的回答，对话流处理 模块734便可利用缺失信息来填充结构化查询，或将信息传送至任务流 处理模块736以根据结构化查询来完成缺失信息。
一旦任务流处理模块736已针对可执行意图完成结构化查询，任务 流处理模块736便可着手执行与可执行意图相关联的最终任务。因此， 任务流处理模块736可根据被包含在结构化查询中的特定参数来执行任 务流模型中的步骤和指令。例如，针对可执行意图“餐厅预订”的任务 流模型可包括用于联系餐厅并实际上请求在特定时间针对特定同行人数的预订的步骤和指令。例如，通过使用结构化查询诸如：{餐厅预订， 餐厅＝ABC咖啡馆，日期＝2012年3月12日，时间＝下午7点，同行人数 ＝5人}，任务流处理模块736可执行以下步骤：(1)登录到ABC咖啡馆的 服务器或餐厅预订系统诸如
Figure BDA0001306602180000491
(2)在网站上的表格中输入日 期、时间和同行人数信息，(3)提交表格，以及(4)在用户日历中针对该 预订制作日历条目。
在一些示例中，任务流处理模块736可采用服务处理模块738(“服 务处理模块”)的辅助来完成在用户输入中所请求的任务或者提供在用 户输入中所请求的信息性回答。例如，服务处理模块738可代表任务流 处理模块736发起电话呼叫、设置日历条目、调用地图搜索、调用用户 设备上安装的其他用户应用程序或与该其他用户应用程序进行交互，以及调用第三方服务(例如，餐厅预订门户网站、社交网站、银行门户网 站等)或与第三方服务进行交互。在一些示例中，可通过服务模型756 中的相应服务模型来指定每项服务所需的协议和应用编程接口(API)。 服务处理模块738可针对服务来访问合适的服务模型，并依据服务模型 根据该服务所需的协议和API来生成对该服务的请求。
例如，如果餐厅已启用在线预订服务，则餐厅可提交服务模型，该 服务模型指定进行预订的必要参数并且将必要参数的值传送至在线预 订服务的API。在被任务流处理模块736请求时，服务处理模块738可 使用被存储在服务模型中的Web地址来建立与在线预订服务的网络连 接，并将预订的必要参数(例如，时间、日期、同行人数)以根据在线 预订服务的API的格式发送到在线预订界面。
在一些示例中，自然语言处理模块732、对话流处理器模块734以 及任务流处理模块736可共同且反复地使用以推断并限定用户的意图、 获取信息以进一步明确并提炼用户意图、并最终生成响应(即，输出至 用户，或完成任务)以满足用户的意图。所生成的响应可以是至少部分 满足用户意图的对语音输入的对话响应。此外，在一些示例中，所生成 的响应可被输出作为语音输出。在这些示例中，可将所生成的响应发送 到语音合成模块740(例如，语音合成器)，在此处可对其进行处理以 合成语音形式的对话响应。在其他示例中，所生成的响应可以是与满足 语音输入中的用户请求相关的数据内容。
语音合成模块740可被配置为合成语音输出以向用户呈现。语音合 成模块740基于由数字助理提供的文本来合成语音输出。例如，所生成 的对话响应可以是文本串形式。语音合成模块740可将文本串转换成可 听的语音输出。语音合成模块740可使用任何合适的语音合成技术，以 便从文本生成语音输出，该任何合适的语音合成技术包括但不限于级联 合成、单元选择合成、双音合成、特定于域的合成、格式合成、音节合 成、基于隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)的合成和正弦波合成。在一些示例中， 语音合成模块740可被配置为基于对应于字词的音素串来合成个体字 词。例如，音素串可与所生成的对话响应中的字词相关联。音素串可被 存储在与字词相关联的元数据中。语音合成模型740可被配置为直接处 理元数据中的音素串，以合成语音形式的字词。
在一些示例中，并非(或除了)使用语音合成模块740，可在远程 设备(例如，服务器系统108)上进行合成，并可将合成的语音发送到 用户设备以向用户输出。例如，在用于数字助理的输出在服务器系统处 形成的一些具体实施中，可能发生这种情况。并且因为服务器系统一般 比用户设备具有更多的处理能力或资源，所以可实际比利用客户端侧合 成获取更高质量的语音输出。
有关数字助理的更多细节可在于2011年1月10日提交的名称为 “IntelligentAutomated Assistant”的美国实用新型专利申请No. 12/987,982，以及于2011年9月30日提交的名称为“Generating and Processing Task Items That Represent Tasks toPerform”的美国 实用新型专利申请No.13/251,088中找到，其整个公开内容以引用方 式并入本文。
4.数字助理的示例性功能
图8A-图8I、图9A-图9B和图10A-图10E示出了设备800提供口头 状态信息的功能。在一些示例中，设备800可根据各种示例来实施数字 助理系统(例如，数字助理系统700)。在一些示例中，设备800、服 务器(例如，服务器108)或其组合可实现数字助理系统(例如，数字 助理系统700)。参考图8A-图8I、图9A-图9B和图10A-图10E，在一 些示例中，设备800的数字助理可从用户810接收一个或多个语音输入， 诸如824A-I、924A-B、1024A-D和1036。用户810可提供各种语音输入， 例如以用于获取与一个或多个电子设备相关联的口头状态信息。一个或 多个电子设备可包括设备800(例如，智能电话)、手表830、耳麦840、 平板电脑850、耳麦外壳(未示出)、电视机顶盒(未示出)、膝上型 电脑、台式计算机等。例如，可使用设备104,200或400来实现设备 800。
在一些实施方案中，一个或多个电子设备的状态信息可包括电池状 态信息、连接状态信息、操作模式状态信息、位置状态信息、设备配置 状态信息等中的至少一者。电池状态信息可指示电子设备的电池电量。 例如，电池状态信息可指示电池供电的设备(例如，耳麦、智能电话、 平板电脑等)，一个或多个辅助性电池组，用于为设备等供电的一个或 多个支架的电池剩余电量的百分比。连接状态信息可指示电子设备的有 线连接或无线连接。在一些示例中，连接状态信息可指示电子设备的 Wi-Fi连接、蓝牙连接、蜂窝连接、个人热点连接等。例如，连接状态 信息可指示Wi-Fi连接当前在设备800上未启用。操作模式状态信息可 指示电子设备的当前操作模式。例如，操作模式状态信息可指示电子设 备当前工作于其中启用所有功能或常用功能的正常模式，工作于其中禁 用Wi-Fi连接和蜂窝连接的飞行模式，或工作于其中禁用来电/消息提 示能力的请勿打扰模式。位置状态信息可指示电子设备的当前位置(例 如，GPS坐标)。设备配置状态信息可指示当前配置状态，诸如蓝牙配对状态、屏幕亮度配置状态、音响水平配置状态等。尽管下述系统和过 程使用电池状态信息作为示例，但应当理解，所述系统和过程可用于或 适于向用户提供其他类型的状态信息。
参考图8A-图8I、图9A-图9B和图10A-图10E，设备800可直接从 用户810或间接地通过可通信地连接到设备800的另一电子设备来接收 语音输入。例如，设备800(例如，智能电话)可经由设备800的麦克 风直接从用户810接收语音输入。设备800还可通过例如耳麦840、手 表830、平板电脑850等间接地接收语音输入。例如，用户810可在用 户的耳朵周围带上耳麦840并且向耳麦840讲话。耳麦840从用户810 接收语音输入并经由例如耳麦840和设备800之间的蓝牙连接来向设备 800传输该语音输入或其表示。类似地，用户810可向手表830讲话， 该手表可向设备800传输该语音输入或其表示。
参考图8A-图8I、图9A-图9B和图10A-图10E，一个或多个电子设 备(例如，设备800、手表830、耳麦840、平板电脑850等)中的任何 一者可以是调用设备。调用设备直接从用户810接收语音输入。例如， 如果耳麦840直接从用户810接收语音输入，则耳麦840可以是调用设 备。在一些示例中，调用设备可以是设备800或可通信地连接到设备800 的电子设备诸如手表830和平板电脑850。
参考图8A-图8I、图9A-图9B和图10A-图10E，响应于直接从用户 810或间接通过另一电子设备接收语音输入，设备800可基于该语音输 入来确定用户意图。如上所述，在一些示例中，设备800可经由I/O处 理模块(例如，图7B中所示的I/O处理模块728)、STT处理模块(例 如，图7B中所示的STT处理模块730)和自然语言处理模块(例如，图 7B中所示的自然语言处理模块732)来接收语音输入。如前所述，I/O 处理模块可向STT处理模块(或语音识别器)转发语音输入，以进行语 音到文本的转换。可基于语音输入来生成语音到文本的转换。如上所述， STT处理模块可生成字词或令牌的序列(“令牌序列”)并向自然语言 处理模块提供该令牌序列。该自然语言处理模块执行文本的自然语言处 理并基于自然语言处理的结果来确定用户意图。例如，该自然语言处理 模块可尝试使令牌序列与数字助理可识别的一个或多个可执行意图相 关联。下文参考图8A-图8I、图9A-图9B和图10A-图10E更详细地提供 了用户意图确定的各种示例。
参考图8A，在一些示例中，为了确定用户意图，设备800可确定语 音输入是否包括识别一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一 个或多个引用。引用可包括特别识别电子设备的一个或多个字词或短 语。例如，用户810可能希望获取其手表的状态信息并从而提供语音输 入824A。语音输入824A可包括例如“我手表上剩余多少电池电量？” 在语音输入824A中，短语“我的手表”是引用。类似地，引用可包括 “我的平板电脑”、“我的智能电话”、“我妻子的平板电脑”等。
在一些示例中，根据确定语音输入824A包括一个或多个引用(例 如，“我的手表”)，设备800可基于一个或多个引用来确定用户意图。 例如，基于被包括在语音输入824A中的引用“我的手表”，设备800 能可确定用户意图是获取其手表，而不是其他电子设备的状态信息。
如图8A中所示，在一些实施方案中，在确定用户意图之后，设备 800可根据用户意图来请求与一个或多个电子设备相关联的状态信息。 如上所述，设备800可包括任务流处理模块(例如，图7B中所示的任务 流处理模块736)、服务处理模块(例如，图7B中所示的服务处理模块 738)和对话处理模块(例如，图7B中所示的对话处理模块734)。设 备800的这些模块中的一个或多个模块可促进请求状态信息。例如，如 图8A所示，基于语音输入824A，设备800可确定用户的意图是获取其 手表的状态信息。根据用户意图，设备800可识别一个或多个电子设备 中的至少一个电子设备，以获取状态信息。在一些示例中，设备800可 识别可通信地连接到设备800的电子设备中的至少一个电子设备是否对 应于将要请求其状态信息的设备，如用户意图中所示的。例如，如果用 户意图是获取其手表的电池状态信息，设备800可检测到手表830可通 信地连接(例如，经由蓝牙连接)到设备800并且是将要请求其状态信 息的电子设备。
在一些示例中，在识别将要请求其状态信息的一个或多个电子设备 之后，设备800可向将要请求其状态信息的所识别的设备传送对状态信 息的请求。例如，在识别手表830之后，设备800可经由有线连接或无 线连接(例如，蓝牙连接)来向手表830传输请求，以获取状态信息。 在接收到请求之后，手表830获取所请求的状态信息(例如，当前剩余 的电池电量百分比)，并将其传输回到设备800。
如图8A所示，设备800从手表830接收状态信息，并生成用于表示 状态信息的口头输入。如上所述，设备800可包括语音合成模块(例如， 图7B中所示的语音合成模块740)。语音合成模块可进行处理，以合成 语音形式的所接收的状态信息。例如，在图8A中，设备800可合成手表 830提供的状态信息，以生成口头输出。该口头输出可包括手表830的 所请求的状态信息的音频表示，诸如“处于88％”，从而指示手表830 当前的剩余电池电量为88％。在一些实施方案中，可由设备800向用户 提供口头输出。
参考图8B，在一些示例中，语音输入可包括识别多个电子设备的引 用。例如，用户810可能希望获取其手表及其耳麦的状态信息。用户810 因此可提供语音输入824B，包括例如“我手表和我耳麦上的电池电量如 何？短语“我的手表”和“我的耳麦”为引用。
在一些示例中，根据确定语音输入824B包括多个引用(例如，“我 的手表”和“我的耳麦”)，设备800可基于多个引用来确定用户意图。 例如，基于被包括在语音输入824B中的引用“我的手表”和“我的耳 麦”，设备800可确定用户意图是获取其手表和耳麦，而不是其他电子 设备的状态信息。
如图8B中所示，在一些实施方案中，在确定用户意图之后，设备 800可根据用户意图来请求与一个或多个电子设备相关联的状态信息。 在一些示例中，根据用户意图，设备800可识别可通信连接到设备800 的电子设备是否对应于将要请求其状态信息的设备。例如，设备800可 检测到手表830、耳麦840和平板电脑850全部可通信地连接到(例如， 经由蓝牙连接)设备800。设备800可进一步识别手表830和耳麦840 对应于将要请求其状态信息的设备，而不是平板电脑850。
在一些示例中，在识别将要请求其状态信息的多个电子设备之后， 设备800可向将要请求其状态信息的所识别的设备(例如，手表830和 耳麦840)中的每个所识别的设备传送对状态信息的请求。在接收到请 求之后，手表830和耳麦840获取所请求的状态信息(例如，当前剩余 的电池电量百分比)，并将其传输回到设备800。在一些示例中，耳麦 840可包括左耳塞和右耳塞。耳麦840还可与用于对耳塞进行充电的外 壳相关联。作为结果，耳麦840的状态信息可包括耳麦840的总体状态、 左耳塞的状态、右耳塞的状态、外壳的状态、或它们的组合。
如图8B所示，设备800可从手表830或耳麦840接收状态信息。例 如，设备800可接收耳麦840的总体电池状态；左耳塞和右耳塞的电池 状态；与耳麦840相关联的外壳的电池状态；或它们的组合。基于所接 收的状态信息，设备800可生成用于表示状态信息的口头输出。例如， 在图8B中，设备800可对由手表830和耳麦840提供的状态信息进行合 成，以生成口头输出828B，该口头输出包括状态信息的音频表示，诸如 “您的手表处在88％，您的耳麦处在45％”，从而指示手表830的剩余电 池电量处于88％，耳麦840的剩余电池电量处于45％。
如图8B所示，在一些实施方案中，设备800可以与被包括在语音 输入中的引用的次序对应的次序来生成口头输出。例如，在语音输入 824B中，引用的次序使得引用“我的手表”后面是引用“我的耳麦”。 对应地，可以次序来生成口头输出828B，使得手表830的状态信息之后 跟着耳麦840的状态信息。例如，口头输出828B包括状态信息的音频表 示，诸如“您的手表处在88％，您的耳麦处在45％。”
如上所述，在一些示例中，为了确定用户意图，设备800可确定语 音输入是否包括识别一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一 个或多个引用。参考图8C和图8D，在一些示例中，设备800可确定语 音输入不包括任何引用。相反，语音输入可包括不特定识别将要请求其 状态信息的一个或多个电子设备的信息。例如，如图8C所示，用户810 可提供语音输入824C，例如包括“电池电量如何？”如图8D中所示， 用户810可提供语音输入824D，例如包括“我的电池电量是多少？”。 因此，语音输入824C和824D包括没有识别将要请求其状态信息的至少 一个电子设备的引用的信息。
参考图8C和图8D，在一些示例中，根据确定语音输入包括没有识 别将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备的引用的信息，设备800可 基于语音输入的表达来确定用户意图。在一些示例中，为了确定用户意 图，设备800可确定语音输入是包括单数形式的表达还是包括复数形式 的表达。例如，在图8C中，语音输入824C包括“电池电量如何？”因 此，设备800可基于单数动词“is”和单数名词“level”的指示来确 定语音输入824C包括单数形式的表达。作为另一个示例，在图8D中， 语音输入824D包括“我的电池电量如何？”。因此，设备800可基于复 数动词“are”和复数名词“levels”的指示来确定语音输入824D包括 复数形式的表达。
参考图8C，在一些实施方案中，根据确定语音输入包括单数形式的 表达，设备800可从一个或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的单 个电子设备。在一些示例中，设备800可基于上下文信息诸如预先确定 的配置、用户偏好、特定于用户的数据等来确定单个电子设备。例如， 上下文信息可指示如果语音输入包括单数形式的表达，则将要请求其状态信息的单个电子设备是调用设备。如上所述，调用设备直接从用户810 接收语音输入。调用设备可以是设备800自身(例如，智能电话)或可 通信地连接到设备800(例如，耳麦840)的电子设备。例如，如果调 用设备是设备800自身，则设备800可确定将要请求其状态信息的单个 电子设备是其自身。作为另一个示例，用户可频繁检查手表830的状态， 因此上下文信息可指示如果语音输入包括单数形式的表达，则将要请求 其状态信息的单个电子设备是手表830。根据上下文信息，设备800可 确定将要请求其状态信息的单个电子设备是手表830。
与上述那些类似，在一些实施方案中，在确定将要请求其状态信息 的单个电子设备之后，设备800可请求与单个电子设备相关联的状态信 息(例如，电池状态信息)，接收状态信息，并生成用于表示状态信息 的口头输出。在一些示例中，设备800可向用户810提供口头输出。例 如，设备800可提供包括状态信息诸如“您的电话处在88％”的音频表 示的口头输出828C。
参考图8D，在一些实施方案中，根据确定语音输入包括复数形式的 表达，设备800可确定将要请求其状态信息的多个电子设备。例如，设 备800可基于上下文信息诸如预先确定的配置、用户偏好、特定于用户 的数据等来确定多个电子设备。例如，上下文信息可指示将要请求其状 态信息的多个电子设备包括调用设备。如上所述，调用设备可以是例如设备800自身(例如，智能电话)或可通信地连接到设备800(例如， 耳麦840)的电子设备。在一些示例中，上下文信息还可指示将要请求 其状态信息的多个电子设备包括可通信地连接到调用设备的一个电子 设备。例如，上下文信息可指示将要请求其状态信息的多个电子设备包 括调用设备和用户810当前操作或未操作的一个其他电子设备。在一些 示例中，上下文信息可指示将要请求其状态信息的多个电子设备包括可 通信地连接到设备800的所有电子设备。因此，例如，如图8D所示，如 果语音输入824D包括复数形式的表达，则设备800可确定将要请求所有 电子设备(例如，手表830、耳麦840和平板电脑850)和自身的状态信息。
与上述那些类似，在一些实施方案中，在确定将要请求其状态信息 的多个电子设备之后，设备800可请求与多个电子设备相关联的状态信 息(例如，电池状态信息)，接收状态信息，并生成用于表示状态信息 的口头输出。在一些示例中，设备800可向用户810提供口头输出。例 如，设备800可提供包括状态信息诸如“您的电话处在35，耳麦处在92， 手表处在88，并且平板电脑处在92”的音频表示的口头输出828D。
如上所述，在一些示例中，为了确定用户意图，设备800可确定语 音输入是否包括识别一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一 个或多个引用。参考图8E和图8F，设备800可确定语音输入不包括一 个或多个引用。相反，语音输入可包括不特定识别将要请求其状态信息 的一个或多个电子设备的信息。例如，如图8E所示，用户810可提供语 音输入824E诸如“这个设备上的电池电量是多少？”如图8F所示，用 户810可提供语音输入824F诸如“每个设备都充电了？”因此，语音输 入824E和824F包括没有识别一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设 备的引用的信息。
参考图8E和图8F，在一些实施方案中，根据确定语音输入包括不 识别将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备的信息，设备800可基于 被包括在语音输入中的一个或多个关键字来确定用户意图。在一些示例 中，关键字可用于推断用户意图。关键字可不包括识别特定电子设备的 引用。关键字可包括例如关键字“这个”、“那个”、“全部”、“每 个”、“任何对象”等。例如，如图8E所示，语音输入824E在表达“这 个上的电池电量如何？”内包括关键字“这个”。作为另一个示例，如 图8F所示，语音输入824F在表达“每个设备都充电了？”内包括关键 字“每个”。作为另一个示例，语音输入还可包括表达诸如“我全部电 池电量如何？”或“电池上有任何对象电量低吗？”。
在一些实施方案中，参考图8E和图8F，设备800可确定语音输入 是否包括一个或多个关键字。例如，设备800可确定语音输入824E和 824F两者包括至少一个关键字(例如，字词“这个”或“每个”)。根 据确定语音输入包括一个或多个关键字，设备800可从一个或多个电子 设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备。在一些示例中，设 备800可基于上下文信息诸如预先确定的配置、用户偏好、特定于用户 的数据等来确定至少一个电子设备。例如，基于上下文信息，设备800 可确定关键字“这个”对应于调用设备(例如，接收语音输入824E的 电子设备)或用户810当前正在操作的电子设备。如图8E所示，设备 800可确定语音输入824E中的关键字“这个”对应于设备800自身，其 可以是调用设备。
作为另一个示例，基于上下文信息，设备800可确定关键字“每个” 对应于所有电子设备。如图8F所示，设备800可确定语音输入824F中 的关键字“每个”对应于可通信地连接到设备800的所有电子设备(例 如，手表830，耳麦840和平板电脑850)、以及设备800自身。
在一些实施方案中，基于一个或多个关键字，设备800可确定将要 请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备。例如，如图8E所示，基于对关 键字“这个”对应于调用设备(例如，设备800自身)的确定，设备800 可确定将要请求其自身的状态信息。作为另一个示例，如图8F所示， 基于对关键字“每个”对应于所有电子设备(例如，设备800自身、手 表830、耳麦840和平板电脑850)的确定，设备800可确定将要请求所 有电子设备的状态信息。
与上述那些类似，在一些实施方案中，在确定将要请求其状态信息 的至少一个电子设备之后，设备800可请求与至少一个电子设备相关联 的状态信息(例如，电池状态信息)，接收状态信息，并生成用于表示 状态信息的口头输出。例如，在图8E中，设备800可生成包括状态信息 诸如“您的电话在88％”的音频表示的口头输出828E。作为另一个示例，在图8F中，设备800可生成包括状态信息诸如“您的平板电脑和电话可 使用充电器，它们都低于30％。您的手表和耳麦都高于80％。”的音频 表示的口头输出828F。“Your watch andheadset are both above 80％.”
在一些实施方案中，设备800可使用一个或多个改述的响应来生成 口头输出。如图8F所示，并非逐个提供包括每个设备的状态信息的音 频表示的口头输出，而是设备800可使用改述的响应来生成口头输出。 例如，并非提供“您的平板电脑处于30％，您的电话处于30％，您的手 表处于55％，并且您的耳麦处于88％；”设备800可提供改述的响应诸如“您的平板电脑和电话可使用充电器，它们都低于30％。您的手表和耳 麦都高于80％。”使用改述的响应的口头输出可通过不同形式提供相同 或类似的状态信息。结果，口头输出可避免冗长、更简洁、更有效、并 且富含信息。作为另一个示例，设备800可接收语音输入诸如“我的手 表和耳麦上的电池电量如何？”作为响应，设备800可使用改述的响应 诸如“都处在100％”或“都可使用充电器”来提供口头输出。
在一些实施方案中，设备800可基于上下文信息来生成口头输出。 上下文信息可包括例如将要请求其状态信息的电子设备的总数。在一些 示例中，设备800可确定将要请求其状态信息的电子设备的总数是否满 足第一阈值。根据确定电子设备的总数(例如，大于等于4)满足第一 阈值，设备800可生成具有第一格式的音频表示。例如，具有第一格式的音频表示可包括改述的响应，而不是逐个列出每个电子设备的状态信 息。例如，如图8F所示，设备800确定用户意图是请求所有电子设备的 状态信息。上下文信息指示，有4个将要请求其状态信息的设备(例如， 设备800自身，诸如智能电话、手表830、耳麦840、和平板电脑850)。 设备800因此可确定将要请求其状态信息的电子设备的总数满足第一阈 值(例如，等于4)。结果，设备800可生成具有第一格式的音频表示。 例如，口头输出828F可包括具有改述的响应诸如“您的平板电脑和电 话可使用充电器，它们都低于30％。您的手表和您的耳麦都高于80％” 的音频表示。在一些示例中，设备800可向用户810提供口头输出828F。
参考图8G，在一些示例中，根据确定电子设备的总数不满足第一阈 值(例如，小于4)，设备800可生成具有第二格式的音频表示。具有 第二格式的音频表示不可使用改述的响应。例如，具有第二格式的音频 表示可逐个包括每个电子设备的状态信息的列表。如图8G所示，设备 800可确定用户意图是请求所有设备的状态信息。上下文信息指示，总 共有3个将要请求其状态信息的设备(例如，设备800自身，诸如智能 电话、手表830、和耳麦840)。设备800因此可确定将要请求其状态信 息的电子设备的总数不满足第一阈值(例如，少于4个)。结果，设备 800可生成具有第二格式的音频表示。例如，口头输出828G可包括每个 设备的状态信息的音频表示，诸如“您的电话处在28％，您的手表处在 55％，并且您的耳麦处在88％”。在一些示例中，设备800可向用户810 提供口头输出828G。
如前所述，在一些实施方案中，为了请求一个或多个电子设备的状 态信息，设备800可识别将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备。参 考图8H，在一些实施方案中，设备800可基于上下文信息来识别至少一 个电子设备。类似于图8F，图8H示出，用户810提供语音输入824H， 包括例如“每个都充电了？”设备800可基于被包括在语音输入824H 中的关键字“每个”来确定用户意图例如是请求针对所有电子设备的状 态信息。在确定用户意图之后，设备800以识别将要请求其状态信息的 电子设备。在一些实施方案中，对电子设备的识别可以基于上下文信息。 上下文信息可包括例如：一个或多个电子设备的可检测性和/或一个或 多个电子设备的可用性。电子设备的可检测性指示电子设备是否可由例 如设备800检测。如图8G所示，耳麦840的蓝牙连接可能被禁用或丢失， 或者耳麦840可位于可检测范围之外。作为结果，耳麦840可能不被设 备800检测到。电子设备的可用性指示电子设备是否可用于对状态信息 的请求作出响应。例如，平板电脑850可被配置为不共享其位置信息(例 如，禁用的GPS位置)。结果，平板电脑850可能无法对位置状态信息 作出响应。
如图8H所示，如果上下文信息指示耳麦840不可检测和/或不可用， 设备800可根据确定将要请求所有设备的状态信息而识别其他电子设备 (例如，手表830、平板电脑850和设备800自身，诸如智能电话)。 设备800向所识别的电子设备传送请求，接收状态信息，并生成口头输 出828H。口头输出828G可指示音频表示，从而指示耳麦840的状态不 可检测和/或不可用。例如，音频表示可包括“您的平板电脑和电话可 使用充电器，它们都低于30％。您的手表处于55％，并且我没看到任何 连接的耳麦”。在一些示例中，设备800可向用户810提供口头输出828G。
如上所述，语音输入可包括不识别至少一个电子设备的信息。在一 些实施方案中，如上所述，语音输入(例如，语音输入824C)可包括没 有识别任何特定电子设备的引用的信息(例如，“电池电量如何？”)。 在一些实施方案中，语音输入可包括除识别至少一个电子设备的一个或 多个引用之外的信息。例如，参考图8I，语音输入824I可包括“我的 手表和其他设备的电池电量如何？”如上所述，短语“我的手表”是识 别特定电子设备(例如，手表830)的引用。除了短语“我的手表”之 外，语音输入824I还包括另一短语“其他设备”，这是不识别特定电 子设备的信息。
如图8I所示，在一些示例中，设备800可基于语音输入824I来确 定用户意图。例如，设备800可基于被包括在语音输入824I中的一个或 多个引用(例如，“我的手表”)，基于被包括在语音输入中的表达(例 如，复数动词“are”和复数名词“levels”(“电量”))，基于一 个或多个关键字(例如，“其他设备”)或基于其组合来确定用户意图。 在图8I中，设备800可确定用户意图例如是请求包括用户的手表的针对 所有设备的状态信息。基于对用户意图的确定，设备800可识别将要请 求其状态信息的电子设备。例如，设备800可识别手表830、耳麦840、 平板电脑850和设备800自身，诸如智能电话。设备800向所识别的电 子设备传送请求，并从它们接收状态信息。设备800然后可生成包括状 态信息诸如“您的手表处在35，耳麦处在92，电话处在88，并且平板 电脑处在92”的音频表示的口头输出828I。在一些示例中，设备800 可向用户810提供口头输出828I。
参考图9A，在一些实施方案中，设备800可基于调用设备的类型来 生成口头输出。如上所述，可在设备800(例如，智能电话)处或另一 个设备处(例如，耳麦840)处接收语音输入。调用设备直接从用户接 收用户输入。如图9A所示，在一些示例中，耳麦840可直接从用户810 接收语音输入924A，并且因此耳麦840为调用设备。例如，耳麦840可 接收语音输入924A，包括“我的耳麦的电池电量如何？”耳麦840可向 设备800传输语音输入924A或其表示(例如，语音输入924A的音频记 录)。设备800可基于例如识别“我的耳麦”的引用来确定用户意图是 请求耳麦840的状态信息。因此，设备800可从耳麦840请求状态信息 并且生成口头输出928A。在一些示例中，如果调用设备是耳麦(例如， 耳麦840)，则口头输出可包括更详细的状态信息，诸如左耳塞的状态、 右耳塞的状态、与耳麦相关联的外壳的状态、或其组合。例如，如图9A 所示，口头输出928A可包括状态信息诸如“您的左耳塞处在35％。您的右耳塞处在65％，并且您的外壳处在70％”的音频表示。在一些示例中， 设备800可使得耳麦840向用户810提供口头输出928A。
参考图9B，在一些实施方案中，如果调用设备不是耳麦，则口头输 出可包括不太详细的状态信息。在图9B中，用户810可提供语音输入 924B(例如，“我的耳麦电池电量如何？”)。在图9B中，设备800 直接从用户810接收语音输入924B，因此其为调用设备。设备800可基 于例如识别“我的耳麦”的引用来确定用户意图是请求耳麦840的状态 信息。因此，设备800可从耳麦840请求状态信息并且生成口头输出 928B。在一些示例中，如果调用设备是除耳麦之外的设备，口头输出可 包括不太详细的状态信息(例如，耳麦的总体状态)。例如，如图9B 中所示，口头输出928B可包括状态信息诸如“您的耳塞处在55％”的音 频表示。在一些示例中，设备800可向用户810提供口头输出928B。
参考图10A-图10D，在一些实施方案中，设备800可基于从电子设 备接收的状态信息来生成口头输出。如上所述，一个或多个电子设备的 状态信息可包括电池状态信息、连接状态信息、操作模式状态信息、位 置状态信息、设备配置状态信息等中的至少一者。如图10A-图10D所示， 设备800可接收语音输入1024诸如“我的手表上的电池电量如何？”基 于语音输入1024，设备800可确定用户意图是请求用户手表的电池状态 信息。设备800可请求手表1030的电池状态信息并基于从手表1030接 收的电池状态信息来生成口头输出1028A-1028D。口头输出1028A-1028D 可包括手表1030的不同电池状态信息的不同音频表示。
如图10A所示，设备800接收的电池状态信息可指示电池电量处于 100％。因此，设备800可生成包括电池状态信息诸如“其处于100％，满 格！”的音频表示的口头输出1028A。如图10B中所示，设备800接收 的电池状态信息可指示手表1030的电池电量处于90％。因此，设备800 可生成其包括电池状态信息诸如“您精神饱满，准备出发！电量处在90％” 的音频表示的口头输出1028A。“It’s at 90％.”如图10C中所示，设 备800接收的电池状态信息可指示手表1030的电池电量处于5％。因此， 设备800可生成包括电池状态信息诸如“其处于5％。希望您带上充电器” 的音频表示的口头输出1028C。“May the charge be withyou.”如图 10D中所示，设备800接收的状态信息可指示手表1030的电池电量处于 1％。因此，设备800可以生成包括电池状态信息诸如“您只剩1％了。那 么，[暂停]需要和您谈谈了”的音频表示的口头输出1028D。“Wel l, [pause]it was nice talking with you.”应当理解，图10A-图10D 中所示的电池电量为示例，设备800可基于各种状态信息(例如，不同的电池百分比)来生成不同的口头输出。
参考图10E，在一些实施方案中，设备800可基于对状态信息是否 满足第二阈值的确定来生成口头输出。如图10E所示，设备800可接收 语音输入1036，例如包括“每个都充电了？”基于语音输入1036，设 备800可确定用户意图是请求所有电子设备的状态信息。设备800可请 求所有电子设备的状态信息并基于从每个电子设备接收的状态信息来 生成口头输出1038。例如，从手表830和耳麦840接收的状态信息可指 示其电池电量高于80％。从平板电脑850和设备800自身(例如，智能 电话)接收的状态信息可指示其电池电量低于30％。在一些示例中，第 二阈值可以是电子设备剩余电池电量的阈值百分比。例如，第二阈值可为30％。使用第二阈值，设备800可确定平板电脑850和设备800的状 态信息满足第二阈值(例如，平板电脑850和设备800的剩余电池电量 均低于第二阈值30％)。作为结果，设备800可在口头输出1038中包括 平板电脑850和设备800的状态信息的音频表示。此外，设备800可确 定手表830和耳麦840的状态信息不满足第二阈值(例如，手表830和 耳麦840的剩余电池电量均高于第二阈值的30％)。作为结果，在一些 示例中，设备800可以从口头输出1038排除手表830和耳麦840的状态 信息的音频表示。在一些示例中，设备800可在口头输出1038中包括替 代手表830和耳麦840的状态信息的替代信息的音频表示。如图10E中 所示，口头输出1038可包括例如“您的平板电脑和电话可以使用充电 器，它们都低于30％。其他每个设备看起来都很好”。
5.用于提供表示状态信息的口头输出的过程。
图11A-图11F示出了根据一些实施方案的用于操作数字助理的示例 性过程1100的流程图。可使用一个或多个设备104,108,200,400,600 或800(图1、图2A、图4、图6A-图6B、图8A-图8I、图9A-图9B或 图10A-图10E)来执行过程1100。过程1100中的一些操作任选地被组合 或拆分，和/或一些操作的次序任选地被改变。
参考图11A，在框1102处，接收语音输入。在框1104处，在调用 设备处从用户接收语音输入。调用设备可包括用户设备或可通信地连接 到该用户设备的电子设备。用户设备可操作为与一个或多个电子设备进 行通信。
在框1106处，基于语音输入来确定用户意图。在框1107处，基于 语音输入来生成文本。在框1109处，对文本进行自然语言处理。在框 1110处，基于自然语言处理的结果来确定用户意图。
在框1112处，确定语音输入是否包括识别一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用。在框1113处，语音输入包括 除识别一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用 之外的信息。在框1115处，语音输入包括没有识别一个或多个电子设 备中的至少一个电子设备的引用的信息。
在框1116处，根据确定语音输入包括识别一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用，基于一个或多个引用来确定用 户意图。
参考图11B，在框1118处，根据确定语音输入包括不识别一个或多 个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的信息，基于语音输入的表达或被包 括在语音输入中的一个或多个关键字的至少一者来确定用户意图。
在框1120处，确定语音输入是包括单数形式的表达还是包括复数 形式的表达。在框1122处，根据确定语音输入包括单数形式的表达， 从一个或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的单个电子设备。在框1123处，将要请求其状态信息的单个电子设备包括调用设备。调用设备 从用户接收语音输入。
在框1124处，根据确定语音输入包括复数形式的表达，从一个或 多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至少两个电子设备。在框1126 处，将要请求其状态信息的至少两个电子设备包括调用设备。调用设备 从用户接收语音输入。
参考图11C，在框1128处，确定语音输入是否包括一个或多个关键 字。在框1130处，根据确定语音输入包括一个或多个关键字，从一个 或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备。在框 1132处，将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备包括调用设备。调用 设备从用户接收语音输入。
在框1134处，根据用户意图来请求与一个或多个电子设备中的至 少一个相关联的状态信息。在框1135处，与一个或多个电子设备中的 至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息包括电池状态信息、连接状态信 息、操作模式状态信息、位置状态信息、或设备配置状态信息中的至少 一者。
在框1136处，基于对用户意图的确定，识别将要请求其状态信息 的一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备。在框1137处，识别将 要请求其状态信息的一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备进一 步基于上下文信息。上下文信息指示一个或多个电子设备的可检测性或 一个或多个电子设备的可用性中的至少一者。在框1138处，向将要请 求其状态信息的一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备传送对状 态信息的请求。
参考图11D，在框1140处，接收与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一 个电子设备相关联的状态信息。在框1142处，该状态信息包括可通信 地连接到用户设备的耳麦的电池状态。在框1143处，接收与一个或多 个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息包括接收以下各 项中的至少一者：耳麦的总体电池状态、耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池 状态、和与耳麦相关联的外壳的电池状态。
在框1144处，生成用于表示与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个 电子设备相关联的状态信息的口头输出。在框1146处，以与语音输入 中的识别一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引 用的次序对应的次序生成口头输出。在框1148处，使用改述的响应来 生成口头输出。
在框1150处，基于调用设备的类型来生成口头输出。调用设备从 用户接收语音输入。在框1152处，该调用设备是耳麦，并且基于调用 设备的类型来生成口头输出包括生成以下各项中的至少一者的音频表 示：耳麦的总体电池状态、耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池状态、和与耳 麦相关联的外壳的电池状态。
参考图11E，在框1154处，基于上下文信息来生成口头输出。在框 1156处，确定一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的总数是否满 足第一阈值。在框1158处，根据确定一个或多个电子设备中的至少一 个电子设备的总数满足第一阈值，生成具有第一格式的音频表示。在框 1160处，根据确定一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的总数不满足第一阈值，生成具有第二格式的音频表示。
在框1162处，基于与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备 相关联的状态信息来生成口头输出。在框1164处，针对一个或多个电 子设备中的至少一个电子设备中的每个电子设备来确定状态信息是否 满足第二阈值。在框1166处，根据确定状态信息满足第二阈值，包括 与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息的音 频表示。在框1168处，根据确定状态信息不满足第二阈值，执行以下 各项中的至少一者：排除与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备 相关联的状态信息的音频表示，以及包括替代状态信息的替代信息的音 频表示。
参考图11F，在框1170处，根据与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一 个电子设备相关联的电池状态信息来生成口头输出。
在框1174处，使得口头输出被提供至用户。在框1176处，使得口 头输出被提供至用户设备处的用户。在框1178处，使得口头输出被提 供至可通信地连接到用户设备的电子设备处的用户。
6.电子设备
图12示出了根据各种所述示例(包括参考图8A-图8I、图9A-图9B 和图10A-图10E所述的那些)的原理进行配置的电子设备1200的功能 框图。设备的功能块可任选地由执行各种所述示例的原理的硬件、软件， 或硬件和软件的组合来实现。本领域的技术人员应当理解，图12中所 述的功能块可任选地被组合或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述示例的原理。因此，本文的描述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组 合、分离或进一步限定。
如图12所示，电子设备1200可包括麦克风1202和处理单元1208。 在一些示例中，处理单元1208包括接收单元1210、确定单元1212、生 成单元1214、执行单元1216、请求单元1218、使得单元1220和任选的 识别单元1222、通信单元1224、包括单元1226、和排除单元1228。
在一些示例中，该处理单元1208被配置为接收语音输入(例如， 利用接收单元1210)；以及基于语音输入来确定用户意图(例如，利用 确定单元1212)。确定用户意图包括基于语音输入来生成文本(例如， 利用生成单元1214)，执行文本的自然语音处(例如，利用执行单元 1216)理基于自然语言处理的结果来确定用户意图，以及(例如，利用 确定单元1212)。
在一些示例中，该处理单元1208被进一步配置为根据用户意图来 请求与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息 (例如，利用请求单元1218)；接收与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一 个电子设备相关联的状态信息(例如，利用接收单元1210)；生成用于 表示与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息的口头输出(例如，利用生成单元1214)；以及使得口头输出被提供至 用户(例如，利用使得单元1220)。
在一些示例中，与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个相关联的状态 信息包括电池状态信息、连接状态信息、操作模式状态信息、位置状态 信息、或设备配置状态信息中的至少一者。
在一些示例中，接收语音输入包括在调用设备处从用户接收语音输 入(例如，利用接收单元1210)。该调用设备包括用户设备或可通信地 连接到该用户设备的电子设备。
在一些示例中，确定用户意图包括确定语音输入是否包括识别一个 或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用(例如，利用 确定单元1212)。
在一些示例中，根据确定语音输入包括识别一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用，该处理单元1208被配置为基 于一个或多个引用来确定用户意图(例如，利用确定单元1212)。
在一些示例中，根据确定语音输入包括不识别一个或多个电子设备 中的至少一个电子设备的信息，该处理单元1208被配置为基于语音输 入的表达或被包括在语音输入中的一个或多个关键字的至少一者来确 定用户意图(例如，利用确定单元1212)。
在一些示例中，语音输入包括除识别一个或多个电子设备中的至少 一个电子设备的一个或多个引用之外的信息。
在一些示例中，语音输入包括没有识别一个或多个电子设备中的至 少一个电子设备的引用的信息。
在一些示例中，基于语音输入的表达或被包括在语音输入中的一个 或多个关键字中的至少一者来确定用户意图包括确定语音输入是包括 单数形式的表达还是包括复数形式的表达(例如，利用确定单元1212)。
在一些示例中，根据确定语音输入包括单数形式的表达，该处理单 元1208被配置为从一个或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的单 个电子设备。
在一些示例中，根据确定语音输入包括复数形式的表达，该处理单 元1208被配置为从一个或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至 少两个电子设备。
在一些示例中，将要请求其状态信息的单个电子设备包括调用设 备。调用设备从用户接收语音输入。
在一些示例中，将要请求其状态信息的至少两个电子设备包括调用 设备。调用设备从用户接收语音输入。
在一些示例中，基于语音输入的表达或被包括在语音输入中的一个 或多个关键字中的至少一者来确定用户意图包括确定语音输入是否包 括一个或多个关键字(例如，利用确定单元1212)。
在一些示例中，根据确定语音输入包括一个或多个关键字，该处理 单元1208被配置为从一个或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的 至少一个电子设备(例如，利用确定单元1212)。
在一些示例中，将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备包括调用 设备。调用设备从用户接收语音输入。
在一些示例中，请求与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备 相关联的状态信息包括基于对用户意图的确定来识别将要请求其状态 信息的一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备(例如，利用识别单 元1222)；以及向将要请求其状态信息的一个或多个电子设备中的至少 一个电子设备传送对状态信息的请求(例如，利用通信单元1224)。
在一些示例中，识别将要请求其状态信息的一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备进一步基于上下文信息。该上下文信息指示一个或 多个电子设备的可检测性或一个或多个电子设备的可用性中的至少一 者。
在一些示例中，该状态信息包括可通信地连接到用户设备的耳麦的 电池状态。
在一些示例中，接收与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备 相关联的状态信息包括接收以下各项中的至少一者：耳麦的总体电池状 态、耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池状态、和与耳麦相关联的外壳的电池 状态。
在一些示例中，生成用于表示与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个 电子设备相关联的状态信息的口头输出包括以与语音输入中的识别一 个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用的次序对 应的次序来生成所述口头输出(例如，利用生成单元1214)。
在一些示例中，生成用于表示与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个 电子设备相关联的状态信息的口头输出包括使用改述的响应来生成口 头输出(例如，利用生成单元1214)。
在一些示例中，生成用于表示与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个 电子设备相关联的状态信息的口头输出包括基于调用设备的类型来生 成口头输出(例如，利用生成单元1214)。调用设备从用户接收语音输 入。
在一些示例中，生成用于表示与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个 电子设备相关联的状态信息的口头输出包括基于上下文信息来生成口 头输出(例如，利用生成单元1214)。
在一些示例中，生成用于表示与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个 电子设备相关联的状态信息的口头输出包括基于与一个或多个电子设 备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息来生成口头输出(例如，利 用生成单元1214)。
在一些示例中，调用设备是耳麦。基于调用设备的类型来生成口头 输出包括生成以下各项中的至少一者的音频表示(例如，利用生成单元1214)：耳麦的总体电池状态、耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池状态、和 与耳麦相关联的外壳的电池状态。
在一些示例中，基于上下文信息来生成口头输出包括确定一个或多 个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的总数是否满足第一阈值(例如，利 用确定单元1212)。
在一些示例中，根据确定一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设 备的总数满足第一阈值，该处理单元1208被配置为生成具有第一格式 的音频表示(例如，利用生成单元1214)。
在一些示例中，根据确定一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设 备的总数不满足第一阈值，该处理单元1208被配置为生成具有第二格 式的音频表示。
在一些示例中，基于与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备 相关联的状态信息来生成口头输出包括(例如，利用确定单元1212)针 对一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备中的每个电子设备来确 定状态信息是否满足第二阈值。
在一些示例中，根据确定状态信息满足第二阈值，该处理单元1208 被配置为包括与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的 状态信息的音频表示(例如，利用包括单元1226)。
在一些示例中，根据确定状态信息不满足第二阈值，该处理单元 1208被进一步配置为执行以下各项中的至少一者(例如，利用执行单元 1216)：(例如，利用排除单元1228)排除与一个或多个电子设备中的 至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息的音频表示，以及(例如，利用包 括单元1226)包括替代状态信息的替代信息的音频表示。
在一些示例中，基于与一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备 相关联的状态信息来生成口头输出包括：根据与一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备相关联的电池状态信息来生成口头输出(例如，利 用生成单元1214)。
在一些示例中，使得口头输出被提供至用户包括使得口头输出被提 供至用户设备处的用户(例如，利用使令单元1220)。
在一些示例中，使得口头输出被提供至用户包括使得口头输出被提 供至可通信地连接到用户设备的电子设备处的用户(例如，利用使令单 元1220)。
以上相对于图12描述的操作任选地由图1、图2A、图4、图6A-图 6B或图7A-图7B中描绘的部件来实施。例如，任选地由一个或多个处 理器220来实施接收操作1210、确定操作1212、生成操作1214、和执 行操作1216。本领域的技术人员会清楚地知道可如何基于图1、图2A、 图4、图6A-图6B或图7A-图7B中描绘的部件来实现其他过程。
本领域的技术人员应当理解，图12中所述的功能块任选地被组合 或被分离为子块，以便实现各种所述实施方案的原理。因此，本文的描 述任选地支持本文所述的功能块的任何可能的组合或分离或进一步限 定。例如，处理单元1208可具有与处理单元1208操作性地耦接以使得 能够进行操作的相关联的“控制器”单元。该控制器单元未在图12中 单独示出，而被理解成在设计具有处理单元1208的设备诸如设备1200 的本领域普通技术人员掌握之内。作为另一个示例，在一些实施方案中， 一个或多个单元诸如接收单元1210可以是处理单元1208外部的硬件单 元。因此，本文中的描述任选地支持本文所述功能块的组合、分离和/ 或进一步限定。
示例性方法、非暂态计算机可读存储介质、系统和电子设备提出于 下列项目中：
1.一种用于操作数字助理的方法，包括：
在具有存储器和一个或多个处理器的用户设备处，所述用户 设备可操作为与一个或多个电子设备进行通信：
接收语音输入；
基于所述语音输入来确定用户意图，其中确定所述用户意图 包括：
基于所述语音输入来生成文本，
执行所述文本的自然语言处理，以及
基于所述自然语言处理的结果来确定所述用户意图；
根据所述用户意图来请求与所述一个或多个电子设备中的至 少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息；
接收与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备 相关联的所述状态信息；
生成用于表示与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个 电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的口头输出；以及
使得所述口头输出将被提供至所述用户。
2.根据项目1所述的方法，其中与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所 述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息包括以下各项中的至 少一者：电池状态信息、连接状态信息、操作模式状态信息、位 置状态信息、或设备配置状态信息。
3.根据项目1至2中任一项所述的方法，其中接收语音输入包括：
在调用设备处从用户接收所述语音输入，其中所述调用设备包括所 述用户设备或可通信地连接到所述用户设备的电子设备。
4.根据项目1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中确定所述用户意图包 括：
确定所述语音输入是否包括识别所述一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用；
根据确定所述语音输入包括识别所述一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用，基于所述一个或多个引 用来确定所述用户意图；以及
根据确定所述语音输入包括不识别所述一个或多个电子设备中的 至少一个电子设备的信息，基于所述语音输入的表达或被包括在所述语 音输入中的一个或多个关键字的至少一者来确定所述用户意图。
5.根据项目4所述的方法，其中所述语音输入包括除识别所述一个 或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的所述一个或多个引用之 外的所述信息。
6.根据项目4所述的方法，其中所述语音输入包括没有识别所述一 个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的引用的所述信息。
7.根据项目4至6中任一项所述的方法，其中基于所述语音输入的 表达或被包括在所述语音输入中的一个或多个关键字的至少一者 来确定所述用户意图包括：
确定所述语音输入是包括单数形式的表达还是包括复数形式 的表达；
根据确定所述语音输入包括单数形式的表达，从所述一个或 多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的单个电子设备；以及
根据确定所述语音输入包括复数形式的表达，从所述一个或 多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至少两个电子设备。
8.根据项目7所述的方法，其中将要请求其所述状态信息的所述单 个电子设备包括调用设备，其中所述调用设备从所述用户接收所 述语音输入。
9.根据项目7所述的方法，其中将要请求其所述状态信息的所述至 少两个电子设备包括调用设备，其中所述调用设备从所述用户接 收所述语音输入。
10.根据项目4至9中任一项所述的方法，其中基于所述语音输入的 表达或被包括在所述语音输入中的一个或多个关键字的至少一者 来确定所述用户意图包括：
确定所述语音输入是否包括一个或多个关键字；以及
根据确定所述语音输入包括一个或多个关键字，从所述一个 或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备。
11.根据项目10所述的方法，其中将要请求其所述状态信息的所述至 少一个电子设备包括调用设备，其中所述调用设备从所述用户接 收所述语音输入。
12.根据项目1至11中任一项所述的方法，其中请求与所述一个或多 个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息包括：
基于对所述用户意图的所述确定来识别将要请求其所述状态 信息的所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备；以 及
向将要请求其所述状态信息的所述一个或多个电子设备中的 所述至少一个电子设备传送对所述状态信息的请求。
13.根据项目12所述的方法，其中识别将要请求其所述状态信息的所 述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备进一步基于上 下文信息，
其中所述上下文信息指示所述一个或多个电子设备的可检测 性或所述一个或多个电子设备的可用性中的至少一者。
14.根据项目1至13中任一项所述的方法，其中所述状态信息包括可 通信地连接到所述用户设备的耳麦的电池状态。
15.根据项目14所述的方法，其中接收与所述一个或多个电子设备中 的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息包括接收以下各 项中的至少一者：
所述耳麦的总体电池状态，
所述耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池状态；和
与所述耳麦相关联的外壳的电池状态。
16.根据项目1至15中任一项所述的方法，其中生成用于表示与所述 一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状 态信息的所述口头输出包括以下各项中的至少一者：
以与所述语音输入中的识别所述一个或多个电子设备中的所 述至少一个电子设备的所述一个或多个引用的次序对应的次序来 生成所述口头输出；
使用改述的响应来生成所述口头输出；
基于调用设备的类型来生成所述口头输出，其中所述调用设 备从所述用户接收所述语音输入；
基于上下文信息来生成所述口头输出；以及
基于与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备 相关联的所述状态信息来生成所述口头输出。
17.根据项目16所述的方法，其中所述调用设备为耳麦，并且其中基 于所述调用设备的所述类型来生成所述口头输出包括生成以下各 项中的至少一者的音频表示：
所述耳麦的总体电池状态，
所述耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池状态；和
与所述耳麦相关联的外壳的电池状态。
18.根据项目16至17中任一项所述的方法，其中基于上下文信息来 生成所述口头输出包括：
确定所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备的 总数是否满足第一阈值；
根据确定所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设 备的所述总数满足所述第一阈值，生成具有第一格式的音频表示； 以及
根据确定所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设 备的所述总数不满足所述第一阈值，生成具有第二格式的音频表 示。
19.根据项目16至18中任一项所述的方法，其中基于与所述一个或 多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息 来生成所述口头输出包括：
针对所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备中 的每个电子设备来确定所述状态信息是否满足第二阈值；
根据确定所述状态信息满足所述第二阈值，包括与所述一个 或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的 音频表示；以及
根据确定所述状态信息不满足所述第二阈值，执行以下各项 中的至少一者：
排除与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子 设备相关联的所述状态信息的所述音频表示；以及
包括替代所述状态信息的替代信息的音频表示。
20.根据项目16至19中任一项所述的方法，其中基于与所述一个或 多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息来生 成所述口头输出包括：
根据与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备 相关联的电池状态信息来生成所述口头输出。
21.根据项目1至20中任一项所述的方法，其中使得所述口头输出将 被提供至所述用户包括：
使得所述口头输出被提供至所述用户设备处的所述用户。
22.根据项目1至21中任一项所述的方法，其中使得所述口头输出将 被提供至所述用户包括：
使得所述口头输出将被提供至可通信地连接到所述用户设备 的电子设备处的所述用户。
23.一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述非暂态计算机可读存储介 质包括由用户设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序， 所述用户设备可操作为与一个或多个电子设备进行通信，所述一 个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处理器执 行时使得所述用户设备：
接收语音输入；
基于所述语音输入来确定用户意图，其中确定所述用户意图 包括：
基于所述语音输入来生成文本，
执行所述文本的自然语言处理，以及
基于所述自然语言处理的结果来确定所述用户意图；
根据所述用户意图来请求与所述一个或多个电子设备中的至 少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息；
接收与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子 设备相关联的所述状态信息；
生成用于表示与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少 一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的口头输出；以及
使得所述口头输出将被提供至所述用户。
24.一种用户设备，所述用户设备可操作为与一个或多个电子设备进 行通信，所述用户设备包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；和
被存储在所述存储器中的一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个 程序包括用于进行以下操作的指令：
接收语音输入；
基于所述语音输入来确定用户意图，其中确定所述用户意图 包括：
基于所述语音输入来生成文本，
执行所述文本的自然语言处理，以及
基于所述自然语言处理的结果来确定所述用户意图；
根据所述用户意图来请求与所述一个或多个电子设备中的至 少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息；
接收与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备 相关联的所述状态信息；
生成用于表示与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个 电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的口头输出；以及
使得所述口头输出将被提供至所述用户。
25.一种用户设备，所述用户设备可操作为与一个或多个电子设备进 行通信，所述用户设备包括：
用于接收语音输入的装置；
用于基于所述语音输入来确定用户意图的装置，其中确定所 述用户意图包括：
基于所述语音输入来生成文本，
执行所述文本的自然语言处理，以及
基于所述自然语言处理的结果来确定所述用户意图；
用于根据所述用户意图来请求与所述一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息的装置；
用于接收与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子 设备相关联的所述状态信息的装置；
用于生成用于表示与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少 一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的口头输出的装置；和
用于使得所述口头输出将被提供至所述用户的装置。
26.一种用户设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；和
被存储在所述存储器中的一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个 程序包括用于执行根据项目1至22中任一项所述的方法的指令。
27.一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，所述非暂态计算机可读存储介 质包括由用户设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序， 所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处 理器执行时使得所述用户设备执行根据项目1至22中任一项所述 的方法。
28.一种用户设备，包括：
用于执行根据项目1至22所述的方法中的任一方法的装置。
29.一种用户设备，所述用户设备可操作为与一个或多个电子设备进 行通信，所述用户设备包括：
接收单元，所述接收单元被配置为接收语音输入；
处理单元，所述处理单元被配置为：
基于所述语音输入来确定用户意图，其中确定所述用户 意图包括：
基于所述语音输入来生成文本，
执行所述文本的自然语言处理，以及
基于所述自然语言处理的结果来确定所述用户意图；
根据所述用户意图来请求与所述一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息；
所述接收单元被进一步配置为接收与所述一个或多个电子设 备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息；以及
所述处理单元被进一步配置为：
生成用于表示与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少 一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的音频输出；以及
使得所述音频输出将被提供至所述用户。
30.根据项目29所述的用户设备，其中与所述一个或多个电子设备中 的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息包括以下各项中 的至少一者：电池状态信息、连接状态信息、操作模式状态信息、 位置状态信息、或设备配置状态信息。
31.根据项目29至30中任一项所述的用户设备，其中接收语音输入 包括：
在调用设备处从用户接收所述语音输入，其中所述调用设备 包括所述用户设备或可通信地连接到所述用户设备的电子设备。
32.根据项目29至31中任一项所述的用户设备，其中确定所述用户 意图包括：
确定所述语音输入是否包括识别所述一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用；
根据确定所述语音输入包括识别所述一个或多个电子设备中 的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用，基于所述一个或多个引 用来确定所述用户意图；以及
根据确定所述语音输入包括不识别所述一个或多个电子设备 中的至少一个电子设备的信息，基于所述语音输入的表达或被包 括在所述语音输入中的一个或多个关键字的至少一者来确定所述 用户意图。
33.根据项目32所述的用户设备，其中所述语音输入包括除识别所述 一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的所述一个或多个引 用之外的所述信息。
34.根据项目32所述的用户设备，其中所述语音输入包括没有识别所 述一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的引用的所述信 息。
35.根据项目32至34中任一项所述的用户设备，其中基于所述语音 输入的表达或被包括在所述语音输入中的一个或多个关键字的至 少一者来确定所述用户意图包括：
确定所述语音输入是包括单数形式的表达还是包括复数形式 的表达；
根据确定所述语音输入包括单数形式的表达，从所述一个或 多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的单个电子设备；以及
根据确定所述语音输入包括复数形式的表达，从所述一个或 多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至少两个电子设备。
36.根据项目35所述的用户设备，其中将要请求其所述状态信息的所 述单个电子设备包括调用设备，其中所述调用设备从所述用户接 收所述语音输入。
37.根据项目35所述的用户设备，其中将要请求其所述状态信息的所 述至少两个电子设备包括调用设备，其中所述调用设备从所述用 户接收所述语音输入。
38.根据项目32至37中任一项所述的用户设备，其中基于所述语音 输入的表达或被包括在所述语音输入中的一个或多个关键字的至 少一者来确定所述用户意图包括：
确定所述语音输入是否包括一个或多个关键字；以及
根据确定所述语音输入包括一个或多个关键字，从所述一个 或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备。
39.根据项目38所述的用户设备，其中将要请求其所述状态信息的所 述至少一个电子设备包括调用设备，其中所述调用设备从所述用 户接收所述语音输入。
40.根据项目29至39中任一项所述的用户设备，其中请求与所述一 个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息 包括：
基于对所述用户意图的所述确定来识别将要请求其所述状态 信息的所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备；以 及
向将要请求其所述状态信息的所述一个或多个电子设备中的 所述至少一个电子设备传送对所述状态信息的请求。
41.根据项目40所述的用户设备，其中识别将要请求其所述状态信息 的所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备进一步基 于上下文信息，
其中所述上下文信息指示所述一个或多个电子设备的可检测 性或所述一个或多个电子设备的可用性中的至少一者。
42.根据项目29至41中任一项所述的用户设备，其中所述状态信息 包括可通信地连接到所述用户设备的耳麦的电池状态。
43.根据项目42所述的用户设备，其中接收与所述一个或多个电子设 备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息包括接收以 下各项中的至少一者：
所述耳麦的总体电池状态，
所述耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池状态；和
与所述耳麦相关联的外壳的电池状态。
44.根据项目29至43中任一项所述的用户设备，其中生成用于表示 与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的 所述状态信息的所述口头输出包括以下各项中的至少一者：
以与所述语音输入中的识别所述一个或多个电子设备中的所 述至少一个电子设备的所述一个或多个引用的次序对应的次序来 生成所述口头输出；
使用改述的响应来生成所述口头输出；
基于调用设备的类型来生成所述口头输出，其中所述调用设 备从所述用户接收所述语音输入；
基于上下文信息来生成所述口头输出；以及基于上下文信息 来生成所述口头输出；以及
基于与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备 相关联的所述状态信息来生成所述口头输出。
45.根据项目44所述的用户设备，其中所述调用设备为耳麦，并且其 中基于所述调用设备的所述类型来生成所述口头输出包括生成以 下各项中的至少一者的音频表示：
所述耳麦的总体电池状态，
所述耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池状态；和
与所述耳麦相关联的外壳的电池状态。
46.根据项目44至45中任一项所述的用户设备，其中基于上下文信 息来生成所述口头输出包括：
确定所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备的 总数是否满足第一阈值；
根据确定所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设 备的所述总数满足所述第一阈值，生成具有第一格式的音频表示； 以及
根据确定所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设 备的所述总数不满足所述第一阈值，生成具有第二格式的音频表 示。
47.根据项目44至46中任一项所述的用户设备，其中基于与所述一 个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态 信息来生成所述口头输出包括：
针对所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备中 的每个电子设备来确定所述状态信息是否满足第二阈值；
根据确定所述状态信息满足所述第二阈值，包括与所述一个 或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的 音频表示；以及
根据确定所述状态信息不满足所述第二阈值，执行以下各项 中的至少一者：
排除与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子 设备相关联的所述状态信息的所述音频表示；以及
包括替代所述状态信息的替代信息的音频表示。
48.根据项目44至47中任一项所述的用户设备，其中基于与所述一 个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息 来生成所述口头输出包括：
根据与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备 相关联的电池状态信息来生成所述口头输出。
49.根据项目29至48中任一项所述的用户设备，其中使得所述口头 输出将被提供至所述用户包括：
使得所述口头输出被提供至所述用户设备处的所述用户。
50.根据项目29至49中任一项所述的用户设备，其中使得所述口头 输出将被提供至所述用户包括：
使得所述口头输出将被提供至可通信地连接到所述用户设备 的电子设备处的所述用户。
出于解释的目的，前面的描述是通过参考具体实施方案来描述的。 然而，上面的例示性论述并非旨在是穷尽的或将本发明限制为所公开的 精确形式。根据以上教导内容，很多修改形式和变型形式都是可能的。 选择并描述这些实施方案是为了最好地解释这些技术的原理及其实际 应用。本领域的其他技术人员由此能够最好地利用这些技术以及具有适 合于所设想的特定用途的各种修改的各种实施方案。
虽然参照附图对本公开以及示例进行了全面的描述，但应当注 意，各种变化和修改对于本领域内的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。 应当理解，此类变化和修改被理解为被包括在由权利要求书所限定的 本公开和示例的范围内。

Claims (23)

1.一种用于操作数字助理的方法，包括：
在具有存储器和一个或多个处理器的用户设备处，所述用户设备可操作为与一个或多个电子设备进行通信：
接收语音输入；
基于所述语音输入,确定用户意图以获取与所述一个或多个电子设备相关联的状态信息，其中确定所述用户意图以获取与所述一个或多个电子设备相关联的状态信息包括：
基于所述语音输入来生成文本；
执行所述文本的自然语言处理；
基于所述自然语言处理的结果来确定所述语音输入是否包括识别所述一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用；
根据确定所述语音输入包括识别所述一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用，基于所述一个或多个引用来确定所述用户意图；以及
根据确定所述语音输入不包括识别所述一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的一个或多个引用，基于所述语音输入的表达以及被包括在所述语音输入中的一个或多个关键字来确定所述用户意图；根据所述用户意图来请求与所述一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息；
接收与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息；
基于上下文信息生成用于表示与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的口头输出，其中基于所述上下文信息来生成所述口头输出包括：
确定所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备的总数是否满足第一阈值；
根据确定所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备的所述总数满足所述第一阈值，生成具有第一格式的音频表示；以及
根据确定所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备的所述总数不满足所述第一阈值，生成具有第二格式的音频表示；以及
使得所述口头输出将被提供至所述用户。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息包括以下各项中的至少一者：电池状态信息、连接状态信息、操作模式状态信息、位置状态信息、或设备配置状态信息。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法，其中接收语音输入包括：
在调用设备处从用户接收所述语音输入，其中所述调用设备包括所述用户设备或可通信地连接到所述用户设备的电子设备。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述语音输入包括除识别所述一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的所述一个或多个引用之外的所述信息。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述语音输入包括没有识别所述一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备的引用的所述信息。
6.根据权利要求1-2和5中任一项所述的方法，其中基于所述语音输入的表达以及被包括在所述语音输入中的一个或多个关键字来确定所述用户意图包括：
确定所述语音输入是包括单数形式的表达还是包括复数形式的表达；
根据确定所述语音输入包括单数形式的表达，从所述一个或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的单个电子设备；以及
根据确定所述语音输入包括复数形式的表达，从所述一个或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至少两个电子设备。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中将要请求其所述状态信息的所述单个电子设备包括调用设备，其中所述调用设备从所述用户接收所述语音输入。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中将要请求其所述状态信息的所述至少两个电子设备包括调用设备，其中所述调用设备从所述用户接收所述语音输入。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中基于所述语音输入的表达以及被包括在所述语音输入中的一个或多个关键字来确定所述用户意图包括：
确定所述语音输入是否包括一个或多个关键字；以及
根据确定所述语音输入包括一个或多个关键字，从所述一个或多个电子设备确定将要请求其状态信息的至少一个电子设备。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中将要请求其所述状态信息的所述至少一个电子设备包括调用设备，其中所述调用设备从所述用户接收所述语音输入。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中请求与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息包括：
基于对所述用户意图的所述确定来识别将要请求其所述状态信息的所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备；以及
向将要请求其所述状态信息的所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备传送对所述状态信息的请求。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中识别将要请求其所述状态信息的所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备进一步基于上下文信息，
其中所述上下文信息指示所述一个或多个电子设备的可检测性或所述一个或多个电子设备的可用性中的至少一者。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述状态信息包括可通信地连接到所述用户设备的耳麦的电池状态。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中接收与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息包括接收以下各项中的至少一者：
所述耳麦的总体电池状态，
所述耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池状态；和
与所述耳麦相关联的外壳的电池状态。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中生成用于表示与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的所述口头输出包括以下各项中的至少一者：
以与所述语音输入中的识别所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备的所述一个或多个引用的次序对应的次序来生成所述口头输出；
使用改述的响应来生成所述口头输出；
基于调用设备的类型来生成所述口头输出，其中所述调用设备从所述用户接收所述语音输入；
基于上下文信息来生成所述口头输出；以及
基于与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息来生成所述口头输出。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述调用设备为耳麦，并且其中基于所述调用设备的所述类型来生成所述口头输出包括生成以下各项中的至少一者的音频表示：
所述耳麦的总体电池状态，
所述耳麦的左耳塞和右耳塞的电池状态；和
与所述耳麦相关联的外壳的电池状态。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中基于与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息来生成所述口头输出包括：
针对所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备中的每个电子设备来确定所述状态信息是否满足第二阈值；
根据确定所述状态信息满足所述第二阈值，包括与所述一个或多个电子设备中的至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的音频表示；以及
根据确定所述状态信息不满足所述第二阈值，执行以下各项中的至少一者：
排除与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的所述状态信息的所述音频表示；以及
包括替代所述状态信息的替代信息的音频表示。
18.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中基于与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的状态信息来生成所述口头输出包括：
根据与所述一个或多个电子设备中的所述至少一个电子设备相关联的电池状态信息来生成所述口头输出。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使得所述口头输出将被提供至所述用户包括：
使得所述口头输出被提供至所述用户设备处的所述用户。
20.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使得所述口头输出将被提供至所述用户包括：
使得所述口头输出将被提供至可通信地连接到所述用户设备的电子设备处的所述用户。
21.一种用户设备，包括：
一个或多个处理器；
存储器；和
被存储在所述存储器中的一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序包括用于执行根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的方法的指令。
22.一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质包括由用户设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序包括指令，所述指令当由所述一个或多个处理器执行时使得所述用户设备执行根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的方法。
23.一种用户设备，包括：
用于执行根据权利要求1至20所述的方法中的任一方法的装置。
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