WO2016204024A1 - 表示装置 - Google Patents

表示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016204024A1
WO2016204024A1 PCT/JP2016/066900 JP2016066900W WO2016204024A1 WO 2016204024 A1 WO2016204024 A1 WO 2016204024A1 JP 2016066900 W JP2016066900 W JP 2016066900W WO 2016204024 A1 WO2016204024 A1 WO 2016204024A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
display device
light emitting
resin
wiring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/066900
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高岸 敏哉
Original Assignee
ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 filed Critical ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社
Priority to US15/580,942 priority Critical patent/US11247439B2/en
Publication of WO2016204024A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016204024A1/ja

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Definitions

  • the present technology relates to a display device including, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) as a light emitting element.
  • a display device including, for example, a light emitting diode (LED) as a light emitting element.
  • LED light emitting diode
  • ion migration may occur in the live parts of the conductive pattern due to the intrusion of moisture from the outside, and there is a possibility that a short circuit may occur between the wirings.
  • a method for suppressing the occurrence of ion migration moisture from the outside using a resin material with a small amount of residual ions bonded to a wiring (for example, copper (Cu) wiring), which increases a wiring interval, decreases a voltage between wirings, or the like. It is conceivable to provide a member that suppresses the intrusion. Among these, the wiring interval, the applied voltage, and the resin material are difficult to change because they are determined from other factors in designing the device. For this reason, a method of providing a member that suppresses intrusion of moisture from the outside is used. Specifically, an inorganic barrier layer is vapor-deposited on an insulating layer or a film having an inorganic barrier layer formed thereon is used. Intrusion of moisture is suppressed by bonding to the substrate.
  • a wiring for example, copper (Cu) wiring
  • the printed wiring board is composed of, for example, an insulating base material and an organic resin material such as an epoxy resin.
  • an inorganic barrier layer is provided on a substrate (organic substrate) containing such an organic resin material, moisture intrusion from the surface of the inorganic barrier layer is suppressed, but moisture contained in the organic substrate or organic resin There is a problem in that the interface between the organic substrate having weak adhesion and the inorganic barrier layer is peeled off by the gas generated from the material, and voids are generated.
  • a display device includes a substrate, a wiring and a light emitting unit provided over the substrate, an insulating layer provided over the entire surface of the substrate, and an entire surface of the insulating layer. And a sealing layer including a resin material having a larger oxygen permeability than the water vapor permeability.
  • a sealing layer including a resin material having a larger oxygen permeability than the water vapor permeability is provided on the insulating layer that covers the wiring and the light-emitting portion provided on the substrate. Moisture contained in the substrate and generated gas are released to the outside appropriately.
  • the sealing layer including a resin material having an oxygen transmission rate larger than the water vapor transmission rate is provided on the insulating layer that covers the wiring and the light emitting unit provided on the substrate. I made it. Thereby, moisture contained in the substrate and generated gas are released to the outside appropriately. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of film peeling while suppressing the entry of moisture from the outside.
  • the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any effects described in the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a main configuration of the display device illustrated in FIG. 1. It is a characteristic view showing the relationship between the oxygen permeability of a resin material, and water vapor permeability. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the other example of a principal part structure of the display apparatus shown in FIG. It is a perspective view showing the structure of the light emission unit used for the display apparatus shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing showing an example of a structure of the light emission unit shown to FIG. 5A. It is a figure showing the whole structure of the display apparatus using the display apparatus panel shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating an appearance of application example 1.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating an appearance of application example 1.
  • Embodiment Example in which a sealing layer including a resin material having a larger oxygen permeability than a water vapor permeability is provided on an insulating layer
  • Basic configuration 1-2. Configuration of display device 1-3. Action / Effect Application examples
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration of a display device (display device 1) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an element substrate 2 as a main part of the display device illustrated in FIG. A cross-sectional configuration is schematically shown.
  • the display device 1 constitutes a large display device in which a plurality of display devices (display panels) are combined, for example, a tiling display shown in FIG. Will be described.
  • the wiring 42 and the light emitting portion 43 are provided on the substrate 41, and the insulating layer is formed so as to cover the wiring 42 and the light emitting portion 43.
  • the sealing layer 45 made of a resin material having an oxygen transmission rate larger than the water vapor transmission rate is provided on 44.
  • the main points of the present technology using the element substrate 2 will be described.
  • the substrate 41 is made of an organic base material, for example, a film base material made of glass-containing resin such as FR4 (glass epoxy resin) or CEM3 (glass composite resin).
  • plastic substrates such as polyethersulfone, polycarbonate, polyimides, polyamides, polyacetals, polyesters (polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate), polyethyl ether ketone, polyolefin louis, etc., insulation treatment on the surface
  • a metal foil substrate such as aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), stainless steel, or paper that has been rubbed.
  • an insulating resin layer made of polyimide, epoxy, or the like may be formed on the surface of a metal base substrate such as Al, and the wiring pattern made of the reflective material may be printed on the insulating resin layer.
  • the wiring 42 may be a single metal such as copper (Cu), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), ruthenium (Ru), molybdenum (Mo), Cu, tungsten (W), Ni, Al, and tantalum (Ta). It is made of an alloy. In particular, it is preferable to use Cu that has a low resistivity, can reduce the wiring delay time, and can increase the speed.
  • the light emitting unit 43 is a solid light emitting element that emits light of a predetermined wavelength band from the upper surface, specifically, an LED chip, as will be described in detail later.
  • the insulating layer 44 covers the wiring 42 and the light emitting portion 43.
  • a material having light resistance examples include silicone-based, polyimide-based, polyacrylate-based, epoxy-based, cresol novolac-based, polystyrene-based, polyamide-based, and fluorine-based organic insulating materials.
  • the material used for the insulating layer 44 is not limited to an organic insulating material, For example, you may use an inorganic insulating material.
  • the sealing layer 45 is provided on the insulating layer 44, and seals the wiring 42 and the light emitting unit 43, and suppresses intrusion of moisture into the display device 1 described later.
  • the sealing layer 45 may be made of a material capable of releasing gas generated from the substrate 41, the insulating layer 44, and the like while suppressing the ingress of moisture from the outside (surface).
  • a low moisture-permeable film preferably has a small ratio between the moisture permeability of the substrate 41 and the moisture permeability of the film.
  • the moisture permeability of the low moisture permeable film is preferably less than 10 times the moisture permeability of the substrate.
  • the material of such a low moisture-permeable film for example, oxygen transmission rate (CC / m 2 / 24h / atm; 25 °C) than the water vapor permeability (g / m 2 / day, 40 °C 90% RH) A thing 10 times or more larger is preferable.
  • oxygen transmission rate CC / m 2 / 24h / atm; 25 °C
  • water vapor permeability g / m 2 / day, 40 °C 90% RH
  • Table 1 the water vapor permeability of various resin materials (g / m 2 / day, 40 °C 90% RH), oxygen permeability (CC / m 2 / 24h / atm; 25 °C) and carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CC / m 2 / 24h / atm; 25 °C) and summarizes, 3, the water vapor permeability of various resin materials (g / m 2 / day, 40 °C 90% RH) and oxygen permeability (CC / m It illustrates a distribution of 25 °C); 2 / 24h / atm.
  • the material in the circle shown in FIG. 3 has a large ratio of oxygen permeability to water vapor permeability, for example, 10 or more.
  • a more preferred as the material of the low moisture-permeable film water vapor transmission rate of 10 (g / m 2 / day , 40 °C 90% RH) or less, and an oxygen permeability 100 (CC / m 2 / 24h / atm ; 25 ° C.) not less than one, more preferably, water vapor transmission rate of 5 (g / m 2 / day , 40 °C 90% RH) or less, and an oxygen permeability 520 (CC / m 2 / 24h / atm; 25 ° C.) or higher.
  • specific materials for the low moisture permeable film include, for example, cyclic olefin resin, nylon resin, polyethylene resin, and the like.
  • the sealing layer 45 using a cyclic olefin resin When the sealing layer 45 using a cyclic olefin resin is provided on the insulating layer 44, good results are obtained.
  • the cyclic olefin resin include, for example, an addition polymerization type cycloolefin resin and a ring opening polymerization type cycloolefin resin.
  • the sealing layer 45 may be provided directly on the insulating layer 44 as shown in FIG. 2, or may be provided via the intermediate layer 46 as shown in FIG. Specifically, the intermediate layer 46 is formed of an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive. In this manner, the sealing layer 45 may be fixed (bonded) to the insulating layer 44 through the intermediate layer 46.
  • the display device (display device 1) according to the present embodiment includes, for example, a wiring 22 and an electronic device on a substrate 10 that are covered with an insulating layer 25 with an insulating layer 21 interposed therebetween.
  • a light emitting unit 23 (light emitting portion), a driver IC (integrated circuit) 24, and the like are provided, and a sealing layer 30 is disposed on the insulating layer 25.
  • the substrate 10, the wiring 22, the light emitting unit 23, the insulating layer 25, and the sealing layer 30 correspond to the substrate 41, the wiring 42, the light emitting portion 43, the insulating layer 44, and the sealing layer 45 in the element substrate 2, respectively.
  • the substrate 10 is provided with a plurality of wirings (wirings 12A, 12B, 15A, 15B) and the like on the front and back surfaces of the base material 11.
  • the substrate 10 is a so-called multilayer wiring board in which various wirings are formed inside or on the front and back surfaces of a film substrate made of a glass-containing resin such as FR4 (glass epoxy resin) and CEM3 (glass composite resin).
  • FR4 glass epoxy resin
  • CEM3 glass composite resin
  • the base material 11 made of FR4 the wiring 12A and the wiring 12B laminated on the surface of the base material 11 via the insulating layer 13, and the back surface of the base material 11 via the insulating layer 16 are laminated.
  • Wiring 15A and wiring 15B are electrically connected to each other by a bump 14 that penetrates the insulating layer 13, and the wiring 15A and the wiring 15B are electrically connected to each other by a bump 17 that penetrates the insulating layer 16.
  • the wiring 12 ⁇ / b> A and the wiring 15 ⁇ / b> A are electrically connected via a through electrode 18 that penetrates the base material 11.
  • An insulating layer 19 is provided as a protective film on the wiring 15 ⁇ / b> B provided on the back side of the substrate 11.
  • the insulating layer 19 is provided with an opening 19A for connecting, for example, the wiring 15B and an external circuit (not shown) at an arbitrary position.
  • the wirings 12A, 12B, 15A, and 15B are provided in selective regions on the substrate 11, and for example, copper (Cu), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), ruthenium (Ru), molybdenum (Mo), Cu , Tungsten (W), Ni, Al and tantalum (Ta), etc.
  • Cu copper
  • Pt platinum
  • Ti titanium
  • Ru ruthenium
  • Mo molybdenum
  • Cu Cu that has a low resistivity
  • W Tungsten
  • Ni Ni, Al and tantalum
  • Ta tantalum
  • two or more of these may be laminated and used.
  • the same material as the wirings 12 ⁇ / b> A, 12 ⁇ / b> B, 15 ⁇ / b> A and 15 ⁇ / b> B can be used.
  • the insulating layers 13, 16, and 19 are formed of, for example, silicon oxide (SiO), silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), hafnium oxide (HfO), aluminum oxide (AlO), and aluminum nitride ( AlN), tantalum oxide (TaO), zirconium oxide (ZrO), hafnium oxynitride, hafnium silicon oxynitride, aluminum oxynitride, tantalum oxynitride, and zirconium oxynitride Formed by material.
  • the insulating layers 13, 16, and 19 may have a single layer structure, or may have a laminated structure using two or more kinds of materials such as a SiN film and a SiO film.
  • the insulating layers 13, 16, and 19 are patterned into a predetermined shape by etching after application formation. However, depending on the material, the insulating layers 13, 16, and 19 may be patterned by a printing technique such as inkjet printing, screen printing, offset printing, or gravure printing.
  • the insulating layer 21 is for preventing a short circuit between the wiring 15B and the wiring 22.
  • the material of the insulating layer 21 it is preferable to use a material having light resistance, and the materials mentioned in the above-described insulating layer 44, for example, silicone type, polyimide type, polyacrylate type, epoxy type, cresol novolak type or polystyrene type.
  • Organic insulating materials such as polyamide and fluorine.
  • the materials mentioned for the insulating layers 13, 16, and 19 may be used.
  • the material mentioned in the wirings 12A, 12B, 15A, and 15B can be used for the wiring 22.
  • the wiring 22 may use the same material as 12A, 12B, 15A, 15B, or may use a different material. It is particularly preferable to use Cu.
  • the wirings 12A, 12B, 15A, 15B and the wiring 22 can be formed by, for example, plating, various vapor deposition methods, or sputtering.
  • the light emitting unit 23 includes, for example, a plurality of solid state light emitting elements that emit light in different wavelength bands from the upper surface.
  • FIG. 5A is a perspective view showing an example of a schematic configuration of the light emitting unit 23.
  • FIG. 5B illustrates an example of a cross-sectional configuration of the light emitting unit 23 in FIG. 5A in the direction of arrows II.
  • Each of the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB is a solid light emitting element that emits light of a predetermined wavelength band from the upper surface, and is specifically an LED chip.
  • the LED chip refers to a chip cut from a wafer used for crystal growth, and does not refer to a package type covered with a molded resin or the like.
  • the LED chip has a size of, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 mm or less, and is called a so-called micro LED.
  • the planar shape of the LED chip is, for example, substantially square.
  • the LED chip has a flake shape, and the aspect ratio (height / width) of the LED chip is, for example, 0.1 or more and less than 1.
  • the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB are arranged in the light emitting unit 23.
  • the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB are arranged in a row with a predetermined gap therebetween.
  • the light emitting unit 23 has, for example, an elongated shape extending in the arrangement direction of the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB.
  • the gaps between the adjacent light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB are, for example, equal to or larger than the size of each light emitting element 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB. Note that the gap may be narrower than the size of each light emitting element 23AR, 23AG, 23AB depending on circumstances.
  • the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB emit light in different wavelength bands.
  • the light emitting element 23AG is a light emitting element that emits green band light
  • the light emitting element 23AR is a light emitting element that emits red band light
  • the light emitting element 23AB is a light emitting element that emits blue band light.
  • the light emitting element 23AG is disposed, for example, in the vicinity of the short side of the light emitting unit 23, and the light emitting element 23AB.
  • the light emitting element 23AR is disposed, for example, between the light emitting element 23AG and the light emitting element 23AB. Note that the positions of the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB are not limited to the above, but in the following, it is assumed that the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB are arranged at the locations exemplified above. In some cases, the positional relationship of the constituent elements is described.
  • Each light emitting element 23AR, 23AG, 23AB has, for example, a semiconductor layer formed by sequentially laminating a first conductivity type layer, an active layer, and a second conductivity type layer (all not shown).
  • the first conductivity type layer, the active layer, and the second conductivity type layer are made of, for example, an InGaN-based semiconductor material.
  • the first conductivity type layer, the active layer, and the second conductivity type layer are made of, for example, an AlGaInP-based semiconductor material.
  • An upper electrode 52 is provided on the upper surface (light extraction surface S2) of the second conductivity type layer.
  • the upper electrode 52 is made of titanium (Ti) / platinum (Pt) / gold (Au).
  • the upper electrode 52 is made of an alloy of gold and germanium (AuGe) / nickel (Ni) / Au.
  • the upper electrode 52 is in contact with the second conductivity type layer and is electrically connected to the second conductivity type layer. That is, the upper electrode 52 is in ohmic contact with the second conductivity type layer.
  • a lower electrode 51 is provided on the lower surface (back surface S1) of the first conductivity type layer.
  • the lower electrode 51 is a metal electrode.
  • the lower electrode 51 is made of Ti / Pt / Au.
  • the lower electrode 51 is made of AuGe / Ni / Au.
  • the lower electrode 51 is in contact with the first conductivity type layer and is electrically connected to the first conductivity type layer. That is, the lower electrode 51 is in ohmic contact with the first conductivity type.
  • Both the lower electrode 51 and the upper electrode 52 may be composed of a single electrode or a plurality of electrodes.
  • the lower electrode 51 and the upper electrode 52 may be configured to include a highly reflective metal material such as silver (Ag) or aluminum (Al), for example.
  • the insulator 50 surrounds and holds the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB from at least the side surfaces of the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB.
  • the insulator 50 is made of, for example, a resin material such as silicone, acrylic, or epoxy.
  • the insulator 50 may partially include another material such as polyimide.
  • the insulator 50 is formed in contact with the side surfaces of the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB and the upper surfaces of the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB.
  • the insulator 50 has an elongated shape (for example, a rectangular parallelepiped shape) extending in the arrangement direction of the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB.
  • the height of the insulator 50 is higher than the height of the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB, and the lateral width (width in the short side direction) of the insulator 50 is wider than the width of the light emitting elements 23AR, 23AG, and 23AB. It has become.
  • the size of the insulator 50 itself is, for example, 1 mm or less.
  • the insulator 50 has a thin piece shape.
  • the aspect ratio (maximum height / maximum width) of the insulator 50 is so small that the light emitting unit 23 does not lie down when the light emitting unit 23 is transferred, and is, for example, 1/5 or less.
  • the driver IC 24 is a semiconductor element formed by forming a circuit on the surface of a semiconductor substrate (Si substrate) using a semiconductor circuit forming technique, for example.
  • Each of the light emitting unit 23 and the driver IC 24 may be a single element, or may be housed in a package, or may be molded with a resin or the like to form a chip component as described above.
  • the insulating layer 25 and the sealing layer 30 described above are provided on the light emitting unit 23 and the driver IC 24.
  • the insulating layer 25 is the same as the insulating layer 21, for example, the materials mentioned for the insulating layer 44, such as silicone, polyimide, polyacrylate, epoxy, cresol novolac, polystyrene, polyamide, fluorine, etc. These organic insulating materials are mentioned. In addition, the materials mentioned for the insulating layers 13, 16, and 19 may be used.
  • the sealing layer 30 has a large ratio of oxygen transmission rate to the material and water vapor transmission rate described above for the insulating layer 44, and examples thereof include 10 or more, for example, cyclic olefin resin, nylon resin, polyethylene resin and the like.
  • the thickness of the sealing layer 30 is about 100 micrometers, for example, for example, is 10 micrometers or more and 300 micrometers or less.
  • the sealing layer 30 is too thin, it is difficult to protect the wiring and the light source.
  • the sealing layer 30 is thick, the display viewing angle characteristic may be deteriorated due to vignetting of the end face.
  • the display device 1 in the present embodiment is not provided with a peripheral circuit or a sealing portion provided in a peripheral portion in a general display device, and has the same stacked structure over the entire surface of the substrate 10. . Specifically, the laminated structure of the insulating layer 25 and the sealing layer 30 on the substrate 10 of the display device 1 extends to the end surface of the substrate 10.
  • FIG. 6 shows an entire configuration of a tiling display in which the display device 1 of the present disclosure is used as one display panel, and a plurality of display panels (here, a total of four display panels 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) are combined. It represents.
  • the display panels 3A to 3D have the same configuration as the display device 1 described above.
  • the display panels 3A to 3D are two-dimensionally arranged in a 2 ⁇ 2 area, for example, and can display images by combining the display areas of these display panels 3A to 3D.
  • “A” and “B” and their orientations in FIG. 6 schematically represent the types and arrangement of backplanes used. The type and layout of the backplane used in the display panels 3A to 3D will be described later.
  • a display driving driver IC 24 is connected to each of the display panels 3A to 3D.
  • a signal line driving circuit 120A and a scanning line driving circuit 130A are mounted on the display panel 3A by, for example, a COF (Chip On Film) 140.
  • these driver ICs may be directly formed (incorporated) on the display panel 3A, or mounted by other methods such as COG (Chip on glass). May be.
  • a power line drive circuit (not shown) is further connected to the display panel 3A.
  • the signal line driving circuit 120B and the scanning line driving circuit 130B are connected via the COF 140, similarly to the display panel 3A.
  • a signal line driving circuit 120C and a scanning line driving circuit 130C are connected to the display panel 3C via the COF 140
  • a signal line driving circuit 120D and a scanning line driving circuit 130D are connected to the display panel 3D, for example. It is connected via the COF 140.
  • the signal line drive circuits 120A to 120D and the scanning line drive circuits 130A to 130D are all connected to the drive control unit 110. Based on the video signal Din input from the outside, independent display drive control is possible in each of the display panels 3A to 3D.
  • the drive control unit 110 includes, for example, a timing controller 111 and gamma adjustment units 112a to 112d.
  • Each of the display panels 3A to 3D has a plurality of pixels P arranged in a matrix.
  • each pixel P is driven in an active matrix by display driving by the signal line driving circuits 120A to 120D and the scanning line driving circuits 130A to 130D, and thereby the video signal Din input from the outside is obtained. Based video display.
  • the number, pitch, size, and the like of the pixel P and the terminal unit 130 described later are shown in a simplified manner for explanation, and are different from actual ones.
  • Each surface shape of the display panels 3A to 3D is, for example, a rectangular shape or a rectangular shape (here, a rectangular shape).
  • the display panels 3A to 3D are arranged adjacent to each other so as to form a rice field as a whole.
  • the display panels 3A to 3D are laid out on, for example, a housing or a substrate (not shown).
  • a region formed by combining the display regions of these display panels 3A to 3D is a display region (display region 100) of the display device 1.
  • the display panel 3A will be described as an example.
  • FIG. 7A shows the configuration of the backplane 41A
  • FIG. 7B shows the configuration of the backplane 41B
  • the backplane 41A has a pixel circuit 150 for each pixel P in a region (region 10A) corresponding to a part of the display region 100.
  • a plurality of pixel circuits 150 are two-dimensionally arranged on the backplane 41A.
  • Mounting terminal portions 130 are arranged in regions X1 and Y1 along two rectangular sides of the peripheral region of the pixel circuit 150 formation region (that is, region 10A). Specifically, a plurality of terminal portions 130 are arranged along two sides on the left side and the upper side among four sides arranged on the left, right, top and bottom of the rectangular shape.
  • the terminal portion 130 is a pad for wiring connection with the signal line driving circuits 120A to 120D or the scanning line driving circuits 130A to 130D.
  • the backplane 41B has a pixel circuit 150 for each pixel P in a region (region 23AB) corresponding to a part of the display region 100 (a plurality of backplanes 41B includes a plurality of pixel circuits 150).
  • the pixel circuit 150 is two-dimensionally arranged).
  • Mounting terminal portions 130 are arranged in regions X2 and Y2 along two rectangular sides in the peripheral region of the pixel circuit 150 formation region (that is, region 23AB).
  • a plurality of terminal portions 130 are arranged along two sides on the left side and the lower side among four sides on the left, right, top, and bottom of a rectangular shape.
  • the layout (for example, position) of the terminal unit 130 is different.
  • the backplane 41A is disposed, for example, on the display panels 3A and 3D, and the backplane 41B is disposed on the display panels 3AB and 3C. That is, the backplane 41A is used as the backplane of the same type in the set of the display panels 3A and 3D, and the backplane 41B is used as the backplane of the same type in the set of the display panels 3AB and 3C.
  • the “type” of the backplane is distinguished by, for example, the layout of the pixel circuit 150 and the terminal unit 130, and “same type” means that, for example, the layout of the pixel circuit 150 and the terminal unit 130 is substantially the same. Shall. In other words, the pixel circuit 150 and the terminal unit 130 may have substantially the same position, shape, number, and the like, and may have some design errors, and may include local layout changes. Shall be.
  • the timing controller 111 of the drive control unit 110 controls, for example, the signal line drive circuits 120A to 120D and the scanning line drive circuits 130A to 130D to operate in conjunction with each other. is there.
  • the timing controller 111 outputs a control signal to each circuit described above, for example, according to a video signal Din input from the outside.
  • the gamma adjustment units 112a to 112d are individually provided for each of the display panels 3A to 3D.
  • the gamma adjustment units 112a to 112d perform gamma adjustment (gamma correction) on the digital video signal Din input from the outside.
  • the video signal obtained by the above is output to the signal line drive circuits 120A to 120D.
  • the gamma adjustment unit 112a performs gamma adjustment of the display panel 3A
  • the gamma adjustment unit 112b performs gamma adjustment of the display panel 3B
  • the gamma adjustment unit 112c performs gamma adjustment of the display panel 3C.
  • 112d performs gamma adjustment of the display panel 3D.
  • the drive control unit 110 may perform other signal processing such as overdrive correction in addition to the gamma adjustment.
  • the signal line driving circuits 120A to 120D apply analog signal voltages corresponding to the video signals input from the gamma adjustment units 112a to 112d to the respective signal lines DTL in accordance with a control signal from the timing controller 111. Is.
  • the scanning line driving circuits 130A to 130D sequentially select a plurality of scanning lines WSL for each predetermined unit according to a control signal from the timing controller 111, for example.
  • the scanning line drive circuits 130A to 130D for example, perform Vth correction, signal voltage writing, ⁇ correction, and the like in a desired order by selecting one or a plurality of scanning lines WSL in a predetermined sequence.
  • the Vth correction refers to a correction operation for bringing the voltage Vgs held between the gate and the source of the drive transistor Tr1 close to the threshold voltage of the drive transistor.
  • the signal voltage writing refers to an operation of writing a signal voltage to the gate of the driving transistor Tr1 through the writing transistor Tr2.
  • the ⁇ correction refers to an operation of correcting the voltage Vgs held between the gate and the source of the driving transistor Tr1 according to the magnitude of the mobility ⁇ of the driving transistor Tr1.
  • the wiring interval, voltage, and resin material are often determined from other factors when measuring the device, and are difficult to change in order to suppress the occurrence of ion migration.
  • a means for suppressing the occurrence of ion migration it is selected to provide a member that suppresses the entry of moisture from the outside, and a barrier layer (inorganic barrier layer) made of an inorganic material is deposited on the substrate.
  • the display device which bonded the inorganic barrier film is manufactured.
  • the multilayer wiring board is composed of, for example, an insulating base material and an organic resin material such as an epoxy resin.
  • a substrate (organic substrate) formed using an organic resin material is more likely to absorb and transmit moisture than a substrate (inorganic substrate) formed from an inorganic material such as glass or a silicon substrate.
  • a glass / epoxy substrate which is an organic substrate, has a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of about 10 to 20 g / m 2 / day, although it varies depending on the material, wiring pattern, and the number of wiring layers formed inside. The water absorption is about 1% and not small.
  • moisture permeates not only from the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface but also from the end surface.
  • the multilayer wiring board has a cleaning step in photolithography or the like used when forming the wiring or the insulating layer, and moisture and the like are easily absorbed in the substrate. For this reason, it is necessary to sufficiently dry the organic substrate before providing the inorganic barrier layer, but simply providing the inorganic barrier layer on the organic substrate can sufficiently reduce the ingress of moisture into the organic substrate. could not.
  • FIG. 8 shows a simulation of moisture intrusion distribution when an element substrate 200 provided with an inorganic barrier layer 450 on a glass / epoxy substrate used as a base material of a multilayer wiring substrate is placed under high temperature and high humidity for a certain period of time. It is.
  • the element substrate 200 is provided with wiring and a light emitting unit (wiring layer) on a glass / epoxy substrate, and these are provided with moisture permeability equivalent to that of the glass / epoxy substrate.
  • an inorganic barrier layer 450 is provided on the surface thereof. As can be seen from FIG.
  • the multilayer wiring board tends to contain moisture due to the nature of the organic resin material that is the base material, and gas is likely to be generated inside the board. If an inorganic barrier layer with high barrier properties is provided on the surface of a multilayer wiring board, it will contain moisture contained in the substrate and gas generated from organic resin materials, so that voids will be generated by peeling the interface with weak adhesion There is a risk of doing. As described above, when an inorganic barrier layer is provided on the surface of the multilayer wiring board to prevent moisture from entering, there is a problem that a sufficient waterproofing effect cannot be obtained and film peeling occurs.
  • the sealing layer 30 containing was provided.
  • Table 2 shows the case where the sealing layer 30 made of a resin material (for example, a cyclic olefin resin) having a larger oxygen permeability than the water vapor permeability is provided on the insulating layer 25 covering the wiring 22 and the light emitting unit 23 and the like.
  • the high temperature and high humidity environment is a temperature of 60 ° C. and a humidity of 90%.
  • the insulating layer 25 that covers the wirings 22 and the light emitting units 23 provided on the substrate 10 is sealed with a resin material having an oxygen transmission rate larger than the water vapor transmission rate.
  • Layer 30 was provided.
  • moisture contained in the substrate 10 and gas that may be generated from the organic resin material constituting the substrate 10 are appropriately diffused to the outside. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of film peeling at the interface of the laminated film while suppressing moisture from entering from the outside. That is, a display device with high ion migration resistance and reduced generation of voids can be provided at low cost.
  • the display device 1 (and the tiling display provided with the same) described in the above embodiments is, for example, a television device, a digital camera, a notebook personal computer, a mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone, a video camera, or the like from the outside.
  • the present invention can be applied to display devices of electronic devices in various fields that display input video signals or internally generated video signals as images or videos. An example is shown below.
  • FIG. 8 shows an appearance of a television device to which the display device 1 of the above embodiment is applied.
  • This television device has, for example, a video display screen unit 300 including a front panel 310 and a filter glass 220, and the display device 1 is used for the video display screen unit 300.
  • the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments and the like, and various modifications can be made.
  • the material and thickness of each layer described in the above embodiment, the film formation method and film formation conditions, or the cutting and repair of short-circuit defects are not limited, and may be other materials and thicknesses, or Other deposition methods and deposition conditions or cutting and repair methods may be used.
  • the light emitting unit 23 is used as the electronic device.
  • a light receiving element may be used.
  • this technique can also take the following structures.
  • the resin material is a cyclic olefin resin, a nylon resin, or a polyethylene resin.
  • the cyclic olefin resin is an addition polymerization type cycloolefin resin or a ring opening polymerization type cycloolefin resin.
  • the stacked structure including the wiring and the light emitting portion, the insulating layer, and the sealing layer provided on the substrate in this order extends to an end surface of the substrate.
  • the insulating layer is bonded to the insulating layer through an intermediate layer.
  • the light emitting unit is a light emitting diode.
  • the substrate is made of an organic base material.
  • the organic base material is a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, or a polyimide resin.

Abstract

本開示の一実施形態の表示装置は、基板と、基板上に設けられた配線および発光部と、配線および発光部を覆うと共に、基板の全面に設けられた絶縁層と、絶縁層の全面に設けられると共に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料を含む封止層とを備える。

Description

表示装置
 本技術は、発光素子として、例えば、発光ダイオード(Light Emitting Diode:LED)を備えた表示装置に関する。
 導電パターンおよび導電パターンを覆う樹脂層を基板の表面に有する配線基板では、外部からの水分の浸入によって導電パターンの活電部分にイオンマイグレーションが起こり、配線間に短絡が生じる虞がある。
 イオンマイグレーションの発生を抑制する方法としては、配線間隔を大きくする、配線間の電圧を下げる、配線(例えば、銅(Cu)配線)と結合する残留イオンの少ない樹脂材料を用いる、外部からの水分の浸入を抑制する部材を設ける等が考えられる。これらのうち、配線間隔、印加電圧および樹脂材料については、デバイスを設計する上で他の要因から決定されているため、変更することは難しい。このことから、外部からの水分の浸入を抑制する部材を設ける方法が用いられており、具体的には、絶縁層上に、無機バリア層を蒸着形成したり、無機バリア層を形成したフィルムを基板に貼合することで水分の浸入が抑制されている。
 ところで、電子デバイスの性能を向上させるためには、配線の本数が増加され、回路が複雑になる。特に、表示装置等では、薄膜トランジスタ(thin film transistor;TFT)の数や配線回路の本数が多く、また、容量素子を大面積化すること等によって回路がより複雑になっている。更に高精細化した場合には、画素数の増加に伴い駆動用の配線や信号線を形成する配線層の高密度化が進むため、配線間の短絡が発生しやすくなり、製造歩留まりが低下するという問題があった。これに対して、例えば、特許文献1では、配線パターンを基板の内部に作り込むことで配線の高密度化を低減すると共に、電子部品の実装面積を高めた、いわゆる多層配線基板を用いた画像表示装置が開示されている。
特開2003-115613号公報
 プリント配線基板は、例えば、絶縁性を有する基材とエポキシ樹脂等の有機樹脂材料とから構成されている。このような有機樹脂材料を含む基板(有機基板)上に無機バリア層を設けた場合、無機バリア層表面からの水分の侵入は抑制されるものの、有機基板に含まれている水分や、有機樹脂材料から発生するガスによって密着力の弱い有機基板と、無機バリア層との界面が剥離され、ボイドが発生するという問題があった。
 従って、水分の浸入を抑制しつつ、膜剥れの発生を低減することが可能な表示装置を提供することが望ましい。
 本技術の一実施形態の表示装置は、基板と、基板上に設けられた配線および発光部と、配線および発光部を覆うと共に、基板の全面に設けられた絶縁層と、絶縁層の全面に設けられると共に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料を含む封止層とを備えたものである。
 本技術の一実施形態の表示装置では、基板上に設けられた配線および発光部を覆う絶縁層上に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料を含む封止層を設けることにより、基板の内部に含まれる水分や、発生するガスが適度に外部へ放出される。
 本技術の一実施形態の表示装置によれば、基板上に設けられた配線および発光部を覆う絶縁層上に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料を含む封止層を設けるようにした。これにより、基板の内部に含まれる水分や、発生するガスが適度に外部へ放出される。よって、外部からの水分の浸入を抑えつつ、膜剥れの発生を低減することが可能となる。なお、ここに記載された効果は必ずしも限定されるものではなく、本開示中に記載されたいずれの効果であってもよい。
本開示の一実施の形態に係る表示装置(表示装置パネル)の構成を表す断面図である。 図1に示した表示装置の要部構成の一例を表す断面模式図である。 樹脂材料の酸素透過率と水蒸気透過率との関係を表す特性図である。 図1に示した表示装置の要部構成の他の例を表す断面模式図である。 図1に示した表示装置に用いられる発光ユニットの構成を表す斜視図である。 図5Aに示した発光ユニットの構成の一例を表す断面図である。 図1に示した表示装置パネルを用いた表示装置の全体構成を表す図である。 バックプレーンの構成を説明するための平面模式図である。 バックプレーンの構成を説明するための平面模式図である。 一般的な表示装置における水分の浸入を説明する水分分布図である。 適用例1の外観を表す斜視図である。
 以下、本開示における一実施形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、説明は以下の順序で行う。
1.実施の形態(絶縁層上に水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料を含む封止層を設けた例)
 1-1.基本構成
 1-2.表示装置の構成
 1-3.作用・効果
2.適用例
<1.実施の形態>
(1-1.基本構成)
 図1は、本開示の一実施の形態に係る表示装置(表示装置1)の断面構成を表したものであり、図2は、図1に示した表示装置の要部を素子基板2としてその断面構成を模式的に表したものである。この表示装置1は、例えば、図6に示したタイリングディスプレイのように、複数の表示装置(表示パネル)を組み合わせた大型の表示装置を構成するものであり、以後、便宜的に表示装置1として説明を行う。本実施の形態の表示装置1では、図2に示したように、基板41上に配線42および発光部43が設けられており、この配線42および発光部43を覆うように形成された絶縁層44上に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料により構成された封止層45が設けられた構成を有する。以下、素子基板2を用いた本技術の要点を説明する。
 基板41は、有機基材、例えば、FR4(ガラスエポキシ樹脂)やCEM3(ガラスコンポジット樹脂)等のガラス含有樹脂からなるフィルム基材により構成されている。また、ガラス基板の他、ポリエーテルサルフォン,ポリカーボネート,ポリイミド類,ポリアミド類,ポリアセタール類,ポリエステル類(ポリエチレンテレフタラート,ポリエチレンナフタレート),ポリエチルエーテルケトン,ポリオレフィンルイ等のプラスチック基板、表面に絶縁処理がされたアルミニウム(Al),ニッケル(Ni),銅(Cu),ステンレス等の金属箔基板または紙等により構成されている。この他、Al等のメタルベース基板の表面にポリイミドやエポキシ系等の絶縁性樹脂層が形成され、この絶縁性樹脂層上に上記反射性材質の配線パターンを印刷したものを用いてもよい。
 配線42は、例えば銅(Cu),白金(Pt),チタン(Ti),ルテニウム(Ru),モリブデン(Mo),Cu,タングステン(W),Ni,Alおよびタンタル(Ta)等の金属単体または合金により構成されている。特に、抵抗率が低く、配線遅延時間を低減し高速化が可能なCuを用いることが好ましい。
 発光部43は、詳細は後述するが、例えば、所定の波長帯の光を上面から発する固体発光素子であり、具体的には、LEDチップである。
 絶縁層44は、配線42および発光部43を被覆するものであり、例えば、発光部43から射出される光に曝露されることによる劣化を抑えるため、耐光性を有する材料を用いることが好ましい。具体的には、シリコーン系、ポリイミド系,ポリアクリレート系,エポキシ系,クレゾールノボラック系あるいはポリスチレン系,ポリアミド系,フッ素系等の有機絶縁材料が挙げられる。なお、絶縁層44に用いられる材料は有機絶縁材料に限定されず、例えば、無機絶縁材料を用いてもよい。
 封止層45は、絶縁層44上に設けられ、配線42および発光部43を封止すると共に、後述する表示装置1内への水分の侵入を抑制するためのものである。本実施の形態では、封止層45は、外部(表面)からの水分の浸入を抑制しつつ、基板41や絶縁層44等から生じるガスを外部に放出することが可能な材質であることが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、低透湿フィルムを用いることが好ましい。低透湿フィルムは、基板41の透湿度と、フィルムの透湿度との比が小さいことが好ましく、例えば、低透湿フィルムの透湿度が基板の透湿度の10倍未満であることが好ましい。これにより、外部からの水分の浸入による配線42におけるイオンマイグレーションの発生が低減されると共に、内部(有機樹脂材料)からのガスの発生によるボイド等の発生が抑制される。
 このような低透湿フィルムの材料としては、例えば、酸素透過率(CC/m2/24h/atm;25℃)が水蒸気透過率(g/m2/day,40℃90%RH)よりも10倍以上大きいものが好ましい。このような材料を用いることにより、有機樹脂材料から生じるガスを適度に外部に放出しつつ、外部からの水分の浸入が抑制される。表1は、各種樹脂材料の水蒸気透過率(g/m2/day,40℃90%RH)、酸素透過率(CC/m2/24h/atm;25℃)および炭酸ガス透過率(CC/m2/24h/atm;25℃)をまとめたものであり、図3は、各種樹脂材料の水蒸気透過率(g/m2/day,40℃90%RH)および酸素透過率(CC/m2/24h/atm;25℃)の分布を表したものである。図3に示した円内の材料が、水蒸気透過率に対する酸素透過率の比が大きく、例えば、10以上のものである。なお、より好ましい低透湿フィルムの材料としては、水蒸気透過率が10(g/m2/day,40℃90%RH)以下、且つ、酸素透過率が100(CC/m2/24h/atm;25℃)以上のものであり、さらに望ましくは、水蒸気透過率が5(g/m2/day,40℃90%RH)以下、且つ、酸素透過率が520(CC/m2/24h/atm;25℃)以上のものである。即ち、低透湿フィルムの具体的な材料としては、例えば、環状オレフィン樹脂,ナイロン樹脂,ポリエチレン樹脂等が挙げられる。環状オレフィン樹脂を用いた封止層45を絶縁層44上に設けた場合、良好な結果が得られている。なお、環状オレフィン樹脂の具体例としては、例えば、付加重合型シクロオレフィン樹脂および開環重合型シクロオレフィン樹脂が挙げられる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000002
 封止層45は、図2に示したように絶縁層44上に直接設けてもよいし、図4に示したように、中間層46を介して設けるようにしてもよい。中間層46は、具体的には、接着剤あるいは、粘着剤により形成されているものである。このように、封止層45は、中間層46を介して絶縁層44に固定(貼合)するようにしてもよい。
(1-2.表示装置の構成)
 本実施の形態の表示装置(表示装置1)は、図1に示したように、基板10上には、例えば、絶縁層21を介すると共に、絶縁層25によって被覆された、配線22および電子デバイスとして、例えば、発光ユニット23(発光部)およびドライバIC(integrated circuit)24等が設けられており、絶縁層25上には、封止層30が配設されている。ここで、基板10,配線22,発光ユニット23,絶縁層25および封止層30が、上記素子基板2における、基板41,配線42,発光部43,絶縁層44および封止層45にそれぞれ相当する。なお、基板10には、基材11の表面および裏面に複数の配線(配線12A,12B,15A,15B)等が配設されている。
 基板10は、FR4(ガラスエポキシ樹脂)やCEM3(ガラスコンポジット樹脂)等のガラス含有樹脂からなるフィルム基材の内部あるいは表面および裏面に種々の配線が形成された、いわゆる多層配線基板である。詳細には、例えば、FR4からなる基材11と、基材11の表面に絶縁層13を介して積層された配線12Aおよび配線12Bと、基材11の裏面に絶縁層16を介して積層された配線15Aおよび配線15Bとを有する。配線12Aおよび配線12Bは、絶縁層13を貫通するバンプ14によって互いに電気的に接続され、配線15Aおよび配線15Bは、絶縁層16を貫通するバンプ17によって互いに電気的に接続されている。配線12Aおよび配線15Aは、基材11を貫通する貫通電極18を介して電気的に接続されている。また、基材11の裏面側に設けられた配線15B上には、保護膜として絶縁層19が設けられている。絶縁層19には任意の位置に、例えば、配線15Bと外部回路(図示せず)とを接続するための開口19Aが設けられている。
 配線12A,12B,15A,15Bは、基材11上の選択的な領域に設けられ、例えば銅(Cu),白金(Pt),チタン(Ti),ルテニウム(Ru),モリブデン(Mo),Cu,タングステン(W),Ni,Alおよびタンタル(Ta)等の金属単体または合金により構成されている。特に、抵抗率が低く、配線遅延時間を低減し高速化が可能なCuを用いることが好ましい。また、これらのうちの2種以上を積層させて用いるようにしてもよい。バンプ14,17および貫通電極18についても、配線12A,12B,15A,15Bと同様の材料を用いることができる。
 絶縁層13,16,19は、例えばシリコン酸化物(SiO),シリコン窒化物(SiN),シリコン酸窒化物(SiON),ハフニウム酸化物(HfO),アルミニウム酸化物(AlO),アルミニウム窒化物(AlN),タンタル酸化物(TaO),ジルコニウム酸化物(ZrO),ハフニウム酸窒化物,ハフニウムシリコン酸窒化物,アルミニウム酸窒化物,タンタル酸窒化物およびジルコニウム酸窒化物のうちの少なくとも1種を含む材料により形成される。絶縁層13,16,19は単層構造としてもよく、または、例えばSiN膜およびSiO膜等の2種類以上の材料を用いた積層構造としてしてもよい。絶縁層13,16,19は、塗布形成後にエッチングによって所定の形状にパターニングされるが、材料によっては、インクジェット印刷、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷、グラビア印刷等の印刷技術によってパターン形成してもよい。
 絶縁層21は、配線15Bと配線22との間の短絡を防ぐためのものである。絶縁層21の材料としては、耐光性を有する材料を用いることが好ましく、上述した絶縁層44で挙げた材料、例えば、シリコーン系、ポリイミド系,ポリアクリレート系,エポキシ系,クレゾールノボラック系あるいはポリスチレン系,ポリアミド系,フッ素系等の有機絶縁材料が挙げられる。この他、絶縁層13,16,19で挙げた材料を用いてもよい。
 配線22は、上記配線12A,12B,15A,15Bにおいて挙げた材料を用いることができる。配線22は、12A,12B,15A,15Bと同一の材料を用いてもよいし、異なる材料を用いてもよい。特にCuを用いることが好ましい。なお、配線12A,12B,15A,15Bおよび配線22は、例えば、メッキや各種蒸着法、あるいはスパッタリングによって形成することができる。
 発光ユニット23は、例えば、互いに異なる波長帯の光を上面から発する固体発光素子を複数備えたものである。図5Aは、発光ユニット23の概略構成の一例を斜視的に表したものである。図5Bは、図5Aの発光ユニット23のI―I矢視方向の断面構成の一例を表したものである。各発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABは、所定の波長帯の光を上面から発する固体発光素子であり、具体的には、LEDチップである。LEDチップとは、結晶成長に用いたウェハから切り出した状態のものを指しており、成形した樹脂等で被われたパッケージタイプのものではないことを指している。LEDチップは、例えば、5μm以上、100mm以下のサイズとなっており、いわゆるマイクロLEDと呼ばれるものである。LEDチップの平面形状は、例えば、ほぼ正方形となっている。LEDチップは、薄片状となっており、LEDチップのアスペクト比(高さ/幅)は、例えば、0.1以上、1未満となっている。
 各発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABは、発光ユニット23内に配置されており、例えば、図5Aに示したように、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABは、それぞれ所定の間隙を介して一列に配置されている。このとき、発光ユニット23は、例えば、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABの配列方向に延在する細長い形状となっている。互いに隣り合う発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABの隙間は、例えば、各発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABのサイズと同等か、それよりも大きくなっている。なお、上記の隙間は、場合によっては、各発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABのサイズよりも狭くなっていてもよい。
 発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABは、互いに異なる波長帯の光を発するようになっている。例えば、発光素子23AGは緑色帯の光を発する発光素子であり、発光素子23ARは赤色帯の光を発する発光素子であり、発光素子23ABは青色帯の光を発する発光素子である。例えば、発光ユニット23が発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABの配列方向に延在する細長い形状となっている場合に、発光素子23AGは、例えば、発光ユニット23の短辺近傍に配置され、発光素子23ABは、例えば、発光ユニット23の短辺のうち発光素子23AGの近接する短辺とは異なる短辺の近傍に配置されている。発光素子23ARは、例えば、発光素子23AGと発光素子23ABとの間に配置されている。なお、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABのそれぞれの位置は、上記に限定されるものではないが、以下では、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABが上で例示した箇所に配置されているものとして、他の構成要素の位置関係を説明する場合がある。
 各発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABは、例えば、第1導電型層、活性層および第2導電型層を順に積層してなる半導体層を有している(いずれも図示せず)。発光素子23AG,23ABにおいては、第1導電型層、活性層および第2導電型層は、例えば、InGaN系の半導体材料によって構成されている。一方、発光素子23ARにおいては、第1導電型層、活性層および第2導電型層は、例えば、AlGaInP系の半導体材料によって構成されている。
 第2導電型層の上面(光取り出し面S2)には上部電極52が設けられている。上部電極52は、例えば、発光素子23AG,23ABにおいては、チタン(Ti)/白金(Pt)/金(Au)からなる。上部電極52は、例えば、発光素子23ARにおいては、金とゲルマニウムの合金(AuGe)/ニッケル(Ni)/Auからなる。上部電極52は、第2導電型層に接するとともに第2導電型層に電気的に接続されている。つまり、上部電極52は、第2導電型層とオーミック接触している。一方、第1導電型層の下面(背面S1)には下部電極51が設けられている。下部電極51は、金属電極である。下部電極51は、例えば、発光素子23AG,23ABにおいては、Ti/Pt/Auからなる。下部電極51は、例えば、発光素子23ARにおいては、AuGe/Ni/Auからなる。下部電極51は、第1導電型層に接するとともに第1導電型層に電気的に接続されている。つまり、下部電極51は、第1導電型とオーミック接触している。下部電極51および上部電極52はともに、単一の電極によって構成されていてもよいし、複数の電極によって構成されていてもよい。下部電極51および上部電極52は、例えば、銀(Ag)やアルミニウム(Al)等の高反射性の金属材料を含んで構成されていてもよい。
 絶縁体50は、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABを、少なくとも発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABの側面側から囲むとともに保持するものである。絶縁体50は、例えば、シリコーン、アクリル、エポキシなどの樹脂材料によって構成されている。絶縁体50は、一部にポリイミドなどの別材料を含んでいてもよい。絶縁体50は、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABの側面と、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABの上面に接して形成されている。絶縁体50は、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABの配列方向に延在する細長い形状(例えば直方体形状)となっている。絶縁体50の高さは、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABの高さよりも高くなっており、絶縁体50の横幅(短辺方向の幅)は、発光素子23AR,23AG,23ABの幅よりも広くなっている。絶縁体50自体のサイズは、例えば1mm以下となっている。絶縁体50は、薄片状となっている。絶縁体50のアスペクト比(最大高さ/最大横幅)は、発光ユニット23を転写する際に発光ユニット23が横にならない程度に小さくなっており、例えば、1/5以下となっている。
 ドライバIC24は、例えば、半導体基板(Si基板)の表面に半導体回路形成技術を利用して回路を形成してなる半導体素子である。
 発光ユニット23およびドライバIC24は、それぞれ素子単体であってもよいし、パッケージに収容されたり、あるいは上記のように、樹脂等によってモールドされ、チップ部品化されていてもよい。
 発光ユニット23およびドライバIC24上には、上述した絶縁層25および封止層30が設けられている。絶縁層25は、絶縁層21と同様に、上述した絶縁層44で挙げた材料、例えば、シリコーン系、ポリイミド系,ポリアクリレート系,エポキシ系,クレゾールノボラック系あるいはポリスチレン系,ポリアミド系,フッ素系等の有機絶縁材料が挙げられる。この他、絶縁層13,16,19で挙げた材料を用いてもよい。封止層30は、上述した絶縁層44で挙げた材料、水蒸気透過率に対する酸素透過率の比が大きく、例えば、10以上の、例えば、環状オレフィン樹脂,ナイロン樹脂,ポリエチレン樹脂等が挙げられる。なお、封止層30の厚みは、例えば、100μm前後であることが好ましく、例えば、10μm以上300μm以下である。封止層30が薄すぎる場合には、配線や光源を保護することが難しくなり、厚い場合には、端面部分で発光のケラレにより表示視野角特性が悪化する虞がある。
 なお、本実施の形態における表示装置1は、一般的な表示装置において周縁部に設けられている周辺回路や封止部等は設けられておらず、基板10の全面において同様の積層構造を有する。具体的には、表示装置1の基板10上の絶縁層25および封止層30の積層構造は、基板10の端面まで延在している。
 図6は、本開示の表示装置1を1つの表示パネルとし、この表示パネルを複数(ここでは、計4枚の表示パネル3A,3B,3C,3D)を組み合わせた、タイリングディスプレイの全体構成を表したものである。ここで表示パネル3A~3Dは、上記表示装置1と同様の構成を有する。表示パネル3A~3Dは、例えば、2×2の領域に2次元配置され、これらの表示パネル3A~3Dの各表示領域を組み合わせて映像を表示することが可能なものである。なお、図6中の「A」「B」とその向きは、用いられるバックプレーンの種類と配置状態を模式的に表したものである。表示パネル3A~3Dにおいて用いられるバックプレーンの種類とレイアウトについては後述する。
 このタイリングディスプレイでは、表示パネル3A~3Dのそれぞれに対して、例えば、表示駆動用のドライバIC24が接続されている。具体的には、表示パネル3Aには、例えば、信号線駆動回路120Aと走査線駆動回路130Aとが、例えばCOF(Chip on film)140により実装されている。なお、これらのドライバICは、図1に示したように、表示パネル3Aに直に形成されて(内蔵されて)いてもよいし、他の手法、例えばCOG(Chip on glass)により実装されていてもよい。また、表示素子として、上記発光ユニット23を用いる場合には、表示パネル3Aには、更に電源線駆動回路(図示せず)が接続される。表示パネル3Bについても、表示パネル3Aと同様に、例えば信号線駆動回路120Bと走査線駆動回路130BとがCOF140を介して接続されている。同様に、表示パネル3Cには、例えば信号線駆動回路120Cと走査線駆動回路130CとがCOF140を介して接続され、表示パネル3Dには、例えば信号線駆動回路120Dと走査線駆動回路130DとがCOF140を介して接続されている。
 信号線駆動回路120A~120Dと、走査線駆動回路130A~130Dとはいずれも、駆動制御部110に接続されている。外部から入力された映像信号Dinに基づいて、表示パネル3A~3Dのそれぞれにおいて独立した表示駆動制御が可能となっている。駆動制御部110は、例えばタイミングコントローラ111と、ガンマ調整部112a~112dとを含む。
 表示パネル3A~3Dはそれぞれ、マトリクス状に配置された複数の画素Pを有する。表示パネル3A~3Dは、信号線駆動回路120A~120Dと、走査線駆動回路130A~130Dとによる表示駆動により、各画素Pがアクティブマトリクス駆動され、これにより、外部から入力された映像信号Dinに基づく映像表示を行うものである。なお、各図において、画素Pおよび後述の端子部130の個数やピッチ、サイズ等は説明上簡略化して示したものであり、実際のものとは異なっている。
 これらの表示パネル3A~3Dの各面形状は、例えば、矩形状または方形状(ここでは矩形状)である。表示パネル3A~3Dは、全体として田の字状となるように隣接して配置されている。詳細には、表示パネル3A~3Dは、例えば図示しない筐体あるいは基板等の上に、敷き詰めて配置されている。これらの表示パネル3A~3Dの各表示領域を組み合わせてなる領域が、表示装置1の表示領域(表示領域100)となっている。なお、以下では、表示パネル3A~3Dを特に区別しない場合には、代表して表示パネル3Aを例に挙げて説明を行う。
 図7Aは、バックプレーン41Aの構成を、図7Bはバックプレーン41Bの構成をそれぞれ表したものである。図7Aに示したように、バックプレーン41Aは、表示領域100の一部に相当する領域(領域10A)に画素P毎に画素回路150を有している。換言すると、バックプレーン41Aには、複数の画素回路150が2次元配置されている。この画素回路150の形成領域(即ち領域10A)の周辺領域のうちの矩形状の2辺に沿った領域X1,Y1に、実装用の端子部130が配置されている。具体的には、矩形状の左右上下に配置された4辺のうち左側と上側の2辺に沿って、端子部130が複数配置されている。この端子部130は、上述の信号線駆動回路120A~120Dあるいは走査線駆動回路130A~130D等と配線接続するためのパッドである。一方、図7Bに示したように、バックプレーン41Bは、表示領域100の一部に相当する領域(領域23AB)に画素P毎に画素回路150を有している(バックプレーン41Bには、複数の画素回路150が2次元配置されている)。この画素回路150の形成領域(即ち領域23AB)の周辺領域のうちの矩形状の2辺に沿った領域X2,Y2に、実装用の端子部130が配置されている。具体的には、例えば矩形状の左右上下の4辺のうち左側と下側の2辺に沿って、端子部130が複数配置されている。このように、バックプレーン41A,11Bでは、例えば端子部130のレイアウト(例えば位置)が異なっている。
 これらのバックプレーン41A,41Bのうちバックプレーン41Aが、例えば、表示パネル3A,3Dに配置され、バックプレーン41Bが、表示パネル3AB,3Cに配置されている。即ち、表示パネル3A,3Dの組には、互いに同じ種類のバックプレーンとしてバックプレーン41Aが用いられ、表示パネル3AB,3Cの組には、互いに同じ種類のバックプレーンとしてバックプレーン41Bが用いられている。なお、バックプレーンの「種類」は、例えば画素回路150および端子部130のレイアウトによって区別され、「同じ種類」とは、例えば画素回路150および端子部130のレイアウトが略同一であることを意味するものとする。即ち、画素回路150および端子部130の位置や形状、個数等が概ね等しいものであればよく、設計上多少の誤差が生じていてもよいし、局所的なレイアウト変更がなされたもの等も含むものとする。
 図6に示したように、駆動制御部110のタイミングコントローラ111は、例えば、信号線駆動回路120A~120Dおよび走査線駆動回路130A~130Dの各回路が連動して動作するように制御するものである。このタイミングコントローラ111は、例えば、外部から入力された映像信号Dinに応じて、上述した各回路に対して制御信号を出力するものである。
 ガンマ調整部112a~112dは、表示パネル3A~3Dのそれぞれに対して個別に設けられており、例えば、外部から入力されたデジタルの映像信号Dinに対してガンマ調整(ガンマ補正)を行い、それにより得られた映像信号を信号線駆動回路120A~120Dに出力するものである。具体的には、ガンマ調整部112aは表示パネル3Aのガンマ調整を行い、ガンマ調整部112bは表示パネル3Bのガンマ調整を行い、ガンマ調整部112cは表示パネル3Cのガンマ調整を行い、ガンマ調整部112dは表示パネル3Dのガンマ調整を行うものである。なお、駆動制御部110では、このガンマ調整の他にも他の信号処理、例えばオーバードライブ補正等が行われてもよい。
 信号線駆動回路120A~120Dは、例えば、タイミングコントローラ111からの制御信号に応じて、ガンマ調整部112a~112dから入力された映像信号に対応するアナログの信号電圧を、各信号線DTLに印加するものである。
 走査線駆動回路130A~130Dは、例えば、タイミングコントローラ111からの制御信号に応じて、複数の走査線WSLを所定の単位ごとに順次選択するものである。走査線駆動回路130A~130Dは、例えば、1または複数の走査線WSLを所定のシーケンスで選択することにより、Vth補正や信号電圧の書き込み、μ補正等を所望の順番で実行させるものである。ここで、Vth補正とは、駆動トランジスタTr1のゲート-ソース間に保持される電圧Vgsを駆動トランジスタの閾値電圧に近づける補正動作を指している。信号電圧の書き込みとは、駆動トランジスタTr1のゲートに対して、信号電圧を、書込トランジスタTr2を介して書き込む動作を指している。μ補正とは、駆動トランジスタTr1のゲート-ソース間に保持される電圧Vgsを、駆動トランジスタTr1の移動度μの大きさに応じて補正する動作を指している。
(1-3.作用・効果)
 前述したように、導電パターンおよび導電パターンを覆う樹脂層を基板の表面に有する配線基板では、外部からの水分の浸入によって導電パターンの活電部分にイオンマイグレーションが発生し、配線間に短絡が生じる虞がある。イオンマイグレーションの発生を抑制するためには、一般的には、配線間隔を大きくする、配線間の電圧を小さくする、配線材料である銅(Cu)と結合する樹脂中の残留イオンを低減する、外部からの水分の浸入を抑制する部材を設けるという手段がある。しかしながら、配線間隔、電圧および樹脂材料は、デバイスを背一計する上で、他の要因から決定されていることが多く、イオンマイグレーションの発生を抑制するために変更することは難しかった。このことから、イオンマイグレーションの発生を抑制する手段としては、外部からの水分の浸入を抑制する部材を設けることが選択され、無機材料からなるバリア層(無機バリア層)を基板上に蒸着したり、無機バリアフィルムを貼合した表示装置が製造されている。
 一方、電子デバイスではさらなる性能の向上、特に表示装置等では、表示領域の大型化および高精細化が求められている。表示領域を大型化した場合には、配線抵抗および寄生容量による負荷によって信号の遅延が起こる。また、高精細化した場合には、画素数の増加に伴い駆動用の配線や信号線を形成する配線層の高密度化が進み、短絡不良が増加して製造歩留まりの低下が起こる。この信号の遅延や製造歩留まりの低下を改善するために、各種配線を形成する配線層を多層化すると共に、多層化による信号の遅延を回避するために、配線層の間に誘電率の低い有機樹脂等からなる絶縁層を用いて配線層の高密度化をおよび電子部品の実装面積を高めた多層配線基板が用いられる。
 多層配線基板は、例えば、絶縁性を有する基材とエポキシ樹脂等の有機樹脂材料とから構成されている。有機樹脂材料を用いて形成された基板(有機基板)は、ガラスやシリコン基板等の無機材料から形成された基板(無機基板)と比較して水分を吸収および透過しやすい。一例として、有機基板であるガラス・エポキシ基板は、材質や配線パターン、内部に形成された配線の積層数等により水蒸気透湿度(WVTR)は変化するが、概ね10~20g/m2/day程度、吸水率は、1%程度であり小さくはない。また、水分の浸入は、基板面に対して垂直方向だけでなく、端面からの浸入もある。更に、多層配線基板は、配線や絶縁層の形成時に用いられるフォトリソグラフィ等において洗浄工程があり、そこで基板内に水分等が吸収されやすい。このため、無機バリア層を設ける前に有機基板を十分に乾燥させる必要があるが、無機バリア層を有機基板上に設けただけでは、有機基板内部への水分の浸入を十分に低減することはできなかった。
 図8は、多層配線基板の基材として用いられるガラス・エポキシ基板上に無機バリア層450を設けた素子基板200を、高温高湿下に一定時間置いた場合の水分の浸入分布をシミュレーションしたものである。この素子基板200は、図2に示した本開示の素子基板2と同様に、ガラス・エポキシ基板上に配線および発光ユニット(配線層)を設け、これらを、ガラス・エポキシ基板と同等の透湿度の絶縁材料によって覆い、その表面に無機バリア層450が設けられた構成を有する。図8からわかるように、基板410上に無機バリア層450を設けた場合、無機バリア層450の表面からの水分の侵入は防げているが、無機バリア層450が設けられていない基板410の端面や裏面からは水分が浸入している。即ち、有機基板を用いた場合、表面に無機バリア層を形成しただけでは有機基板上の配線等への水分の浸入を防ぐことはできないことがわかる。また、このシミュレーションは、基板内における初期の水分分布は一定であることを前提としたものであるが、実際には、基板内に含まれる初期の水分分布は一定ではなく、局所的に水分の多いところや有機樹脂材料からのガスの発生も起こり得る。
 このため、多層配線基板を用いた表示装置において水分の浸入を防ぐためには、無機バリア層を電子デバイスが設けられた基板の表面だけでなく、基板の端面や裏面にも設ける必要があり、コストが増加するという問題があった。
 また、多層配線基板は、基材である有機樹脂材料の性質上、水分を含みやすく、基板内部にガスを生じやすい。多層配線基板の表面にバリア性の高い無機バリア層を設けた場合、基板内部に含まれる水分や、有機樹脂材料から生じるガスを封じ込めてしまうため、密着力の弱い界面を剥離してボイドが発生する虞がある。このように、多層配線基板の表面に無機バリア層を設けて水分の浸入を防止した場合、十分な防水効果が得られないことに加え、膜剥がれの発生の原因になるという問題があった。
 これに対して、本実施の形態の表示装置1では、基板10上に設けられた配線22や、発光ユニット23等を覆う絶縁層25上に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料を含む封止層30を設けるようにした。表2は、配線22や、発光ユニット23等を覆う絶縁層25上に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料(例えば、環状オレフィン樹脂)からなる封止層30を設けた場合と、封止層30の代わりに無機バリア層を設けた場合の、高温高湿度環境下における配線間のイオンマイグレーションの発生とボイドの発生を比較したものである。ここで、高温高湿度環境とは、温度60℃および湿度90%である。このように、封止層30を環状オレフィン樹脂用いて形成することにより、基板内部に含まれる水分や、基板10を構成する有機樹脂材料から発生する虞のあるガスを適度に外部へ拡散させることが可能となる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000003
 以上のように、本実施の形態では、基板10上に設けられた配線22や、発光ユニット23等を覆う絶縁層25上に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料を含む封止層30を設けるようにした。これにより、基板10の内部に含まれる水分や、基板10を構成する有機樹脂材料から発生する虞のあるガスが適度に外部へ拡散される。よって、外部からの水分の浸入を抑えつつ、積層膜の界面における膜剥れの発生を低減することが可能となる。即ち、イオンマイグレーション耐性が高く、ボイドの発生が低減された表示装置を低コストで提供することが可能となる。
<2.適用例>
 上記実施の形態において説明した表示装置1(およびこれを備えたタイリングディスプレイ)は、例えば、テレビジョン装置,デジタルカメラ,ノート型パーソナルコンピュータ、携帯電話等の携帯端末装置あるいはビデオカメラ等、外部から入力された映像信号あるいは内部で生成した映像信号を、画像あるいは映像として表示するあらゆる分野の電子機器の表示装置に適用することが可能である。以下にその一例を示す。
 図8は、上記実施の形態の表示装置1が適用されるテレビジョン装置の外観を表したものである。このテレビジョン装置は、例えば、フロントパネル310およびフィルターガラス220を含む映像表示画面部300を有しており、映像表示画面部300に、上記表示装置1が用いられている。
 以上、実施の形態および適用例を挙げて説明したが、本開示内容はこれらの実施の形態等に限定されず、種々の変形が可能である。例えば、上記実施の形態において説明した各層の材料および厚み、または成膜方法および成膜条件、あるいは短絡欠陥の切断および修復等は限定されるものではなく、他の材料および厚みとしてもよく、または他の成膜方法および成膜条件あるいは切断および修復方法を用いてもよい。
 また、本実施の形態では、電子デバイスとして発光ユニット23を用いたが、例えば受光素子を用いてもよい。
 なお、本明細書中に記載された効果はあくまで例示であって限定されるものではなく、また、他の効果があってもよい。
 なお、本技術は以下のような構成をとることも可能である。
(1)基板と、前記基板上に設けられた配線および発光部と、前記配線および前記発光部を覆うと共に、前記基板の全面に設けられた絶縁層と、前記絶縁層の全面に設けられると共に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料を含む封止層とを備えた表示装置。
(2)前記樹脂材料の水蒸気透過率に対する酸素透過率の比は10以上である、前記(1)に記載の表示装置。
(3)前記封止層の透湿度は、前記基板の透湿度の10倍未満である、前記(1)または(2)に記載の表示装置。
(4)前記樹脂材料は、環状オレフィン樹脂、ナイロン樹脂またはポリエチレン樹脂である、前記(1)乃至(3)のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
(5)前記環状オレフィン樹脂は、付加重合型シクロオレフィン樹脂または開環重合型シクロオレフィン樹脂である、前記(4)に記載の表示装置。
(6)前記基板上に設けられた前記配線および前記発光部と、前記絶縁層と、前記封止層とをこの順に有する積層構造は、前記基板の端面まで延在している、前記(1)乃至(5)のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
(7)前記絶縁層は、中間層を介して前記絶縁層に貼り合わされている、前記(1)乃至(6)のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
(8)前記中間層は、粘着層または接着層である、前記(7)に記載の表示装置。
(9)前記発光部は、発光ダイオードである、前記(1)乃至(8)のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
(10)前記基板は、有機基材により構成されている、前記(1)乃至(9)のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
(11)前記有機基材は、ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂またはポリイミド樹脂である、前記(10)に記載の表示装置。
 本出願は、日本国特許庁において2015年6月19日に出願された日本特許出願番号2015-123611号を基礎として優先権を主張するものであり、この出願の全ての内容を参照によって本出願に援用する。
 当業者であれば、設計上の要件や他の要因に応じて、種々の修正、コンビネーション、サブコンビネーション、および変更を想到し得るが、それらは添付の請求の範囲やその均等物の範囲に含まれるものであることが理解される。

Claims (11)

  1.  基板と、
     前記基板上に設けられた配線および発光部と、
     前記配線および前記発光部を覆うと共に、前記基板の全面に設けられた絶縁層と、
     前記絶縁層の全面に設けられると共に、水蒸気透過率よりも酸素透過率が大きな樹脂材料を含む封止層と
     を備えた表示装置。
  2.  前記樹脂材料の水蒸気透過率に対する酸素透過率の比は10以上である、請求項1に記載の表示装置。
  3.  前記封止層の透湿度は、前記基板の透湿度の10倍未満である、請求項1に記載の表示装置。
  4.  前記樹脂材料は、環状オレフィン樹脂、ナイロン樹脂またはポリエチレン樹脂である、請求項1に記載の表示装置。
  5.  前記環状オレフィン樹脂は、付加重合型シクロオレフィン樹脂または開環重合型シクロオレフィン樹脂である、請求項4に記載の表示装置。
  6.  前記基板上に設けられた前記配線および前記発光部と、前記絶縁層と、前記封止層とをこの順に有する積層構造は、前記基板の端面まで延在している、請求項1に記載の表示装置。
  7.  前記絶縁層は、中間層を介して前記絶縁層に貼り合わされている、請求項1に記載の表示装置。
  8.  前記中間層は、粘着層または接着層である、請求項7に記載の表示装置。
  9.  前記発光部は、発光ダイオードである、請求項1に記載の表示装置。
  10.  前記基板は、有機基材により構成されている、請求項1に記載の表示装置。
  11.  前記有機基材は、ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂またはポリイミド樹脂である、請求項10に記載の表示装置。
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