WO2010150615A1 - 表示装置及び多層基板 - Google Patents
表示装置及び多層基板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010150615A1 WO2010150615A1 PCT/JP2010/058903 JP2010058903W WO2010150615A1 WO 2010150615 A1 WO2010150615 A1 WO 2010150615A1 JP 2010058903 W JP2010058903 W JP 2010058903W WO 2010150615 A1 WO2010150615 A1 WO 2010150615A1
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- display device
- refractive index
- liquid crystal
- multilayer substrate
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
- G02B1/118—Anti-reflection coatings having sub-optical wavelength surface structures designed to provide an enhanced transmittance, e.g. moth-eye structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
- B29D11/00317—Production of lenses with markings or patterns
- B29D11/00326—Production of lenses with markings or patterns having particular surface properties, e.g. a micropattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133502—Antiglare, refractive index matching layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/201—Filters in the form of arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
- G02F2201/38—Anti-reflection arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/36—Micro- or nanomaterials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/40—Materials having a particular birefringence, retardation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a display device and a multilayer substrate.
- Display devices provided in electronic devices such as televisions, personal computers, mobile phones, digital cameras and the like that are often used in recent years are usually manufactured using a substrate such as glass as a base, on which circuit elements, A control device, a color filter, and the like are arranged to complete the display device.
- the liquid crystal display device includes a transparent substrate such as glass and a color filter formed on the transparent substrate. Since the display light can be colored by providing the color filter, the liquid crystal display device including the color filter can display a color image.
- the transparent substrate is disposed on the display surface side, and the color filter is disposed on the inner surface side of the liquid crystal display device.
- a light shielding film for improving the contrast of the display image is usually disposed between the color filters of different colors.
- a metal thin film is used as the light shielding film.
- metal since metal generally has a high reflectance, ambient light reflected by a light-shielding film made of a metal thin film may lower the contrast of a display image when the display device is observed from the side of the substrate provided with a color filter. .
- Patent Document 1 glass is used as a material for the transparent substrate, a transparent inorganic thin film is used as a film for preventing reflection, and examples of the material for the transparent inorganic thin film include TiO (titanium oxide) and the like. Is disclosed. Moreover, Cr (chromium) etc. are disclosed as a material of the metal light shielding film.
- the layer structure based on the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 includes an air layer (refractive index: 1), a glass layer (refractive index: 1.5), a TiO layer (refractive index: 2.35) and a Cr layer (refractive). It is conceivable that a plurality of layers having different refractive indexes are included intermittently. Reflection of light also occurs at the boundary between the media when passing between the media having different refractive indexes, and the reflectance of the light incident on the boundary between the media is the square of the refractive index difference of each medium and the refractive index.
- the boundary between the transparent substrate (glass) and the transparent inorganic thin film (TiO) results from the difference between the refractive index of the transparent substrate and the refractive index of the transparent inorganic thin film.
- Light reflection occurs, and at the interface between the transparent inorganic thin film (TiO) and the metal light-shielding film (Cr), light reflection occurs due to the difference between the refractive index of the transparent inorganic thin film and the metal light-shielding film. As a result, the light reflection preventing effect cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- reflected light When reflected light increases, it should be originally used when light originally used as display light (for example, light emitted from a backlight of a liquid crystal display device) and light produced by reflection of external light are mixed. Display light is significantly inhibited. For example, the contrast in the bright room is reduced, and the display quality is lowered.
- display light for example, light emitted from a backlight of a liquid crystal display device
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described present situation, and an object thereof is to provide a display device in which the reduction of reflected light is realized. It is another object of the present invention to provide a multilayer substrate in which the reflectance of light is reduced even when a plurality of layers having different refractive indexes are provided.
- the inventors of the present invention have studied various means for preventing a decrease in contrast in a bright room of the display device, and have focused attention on reflection based on the structure of the display device.
- Light leakage that occurs during black display is generally known as a cause of lowering the contrast ratio of the display.
- reflection based on the structure of the display device greatly affects the reduction of the contrast ratio in a bright room. I found. Specifically, the surface reflection on the display screen has a strong effect on the decrease in contrast ratio.
- the reflection based on the internal structure of the display device greatly reduces the contrast ratio in a bright room. We have found that it is possible to improve the contrast ratio of display in a bright room by reducing the reflectance of the internal structure of the display device below a certain level.
- the present invention is a display device in which the reflectance of light reflected by the internal structure out of the light incident on the internal structure through the display screen is less than 1.0%.
- the reflectance refers to a value obtained by adding the regular reflectance and the diffuse reflectance in more detail, and corresponds to a Y value of tristimulus values based on the XYZ color system.
- the display screen is a screen on which an image is actually displayed, and is also a region serving as a path for external light to enter the display device. The light that has passed through the display screen and entered the display device is reflected by the surface of the highly reflective member of the internal structure of the display device, passes through the display screen again, and is emitted to the outside.
- Such reflected light causes a reduction in display contrast ratio.
- contrast ratio As a factor for reducing the contrast ratio of the display, light leakage that occurs when displaying black is cited.
- a display device having a light source behind the panel such as a liquid crystal display device
- this is particularly noticeable in a dark environment.
- a dark environment such as a dark room without a light source or an environment with a weak light source such as a movie theater
- light from the light source behind the panel leaks to the viewer. This corresponds to a decrease in the ratio of white display to black display (contrast ratio).
- the contrast ratio in a bright place depends greatly on how much the display device reflects external light.
- the reflection related to the display device is considered by dividing it into surface reflection and internal reflection caused by the structure of the display device.
- Surface reflection refers to reflection at the outermost surface of the display screen of the display device
- internal reflection refers to reflection within the display device of light that has entered the display device from the outermost surface of the display screen.
- the member constituting the display screen is like a film pasted on a substrate
- the reflection on the outermost surface of the film is surface reflection
- the internal reflection is the light that enters inside from the outermost surface of the film, This refers to reflection caused by the boundary between the film and the substrate.
- internal reflection is caused by reflection due to the discontinuity of the refractive index at the interface where various materials constituting the display device are in contact, such as electrodes used in the internal structure of the display device.
- the reflection at the metal portion and the reflection at the interface of each layer constituting these layers of oxide and organic matter to be laminated correspond to this.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of reflection resulting from the structure of the display device of the present invention.
- the display device of the present invention includes a surface base material 111 constituting a display screen and an internal base material 112 constituting an internal structure as constituent elements. More specifically, the surface of the surface base 111 on the outside world constitutes a display screen.
- the light 101 incident from the outside of the surface base material 111 is divided into a component 102 that is reflected by the surface of the surface base material 111 on the outside world side and a component 103 that is transmitted through the surface base material 111.
- the component 103 transmitted through the surface base material 111 is further reflected on the surface of the highly reflective member of the internal structure of the display device and travels toward the observation surface (internal reflection component) 104, and the display device It can be divided into components that pass through the internal structure as they are.
- the internal reflection component 104 is a component based on the internal structure of the display device, and is not only due to the reflective component due to the structure of the internal base material 112 but also due to the structure of the surface base material 111 other than the surface on the outside side. It also includes a reflection component. That is, when reflection based on the structure of the display device is all reflection components, the internal reflection component is a component obtained by excluding components reflected from the surface of the surface base 111 on the outside world side from all reflection components.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the state of reflection caused by the structure of the display device of the present invention when the display device of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device.
- the display device (liquid crystal display device) of the present invention includes a pair of a substrate (observation surface side substrate) 121 constituting a display screen and a substrate (back side substrate) 122 constituting an internal structure.
- the substrate is provided.
- a liquid crystal layer 123 is formed between the pair of substrates.
- the light 101 incident from the observation surface side substrate 121 side is divided into a component 102 that is reflected by the surface on the outside side of the observation surface side substrate 121 and a component 103 that is transmitted through the observation surface side substrate 121.
- the component 103 transmitted through the observation surface side substrate 121 is further reflected on the surface of a highly reflective member of the internal structure of the liquid crystal display device and travels toward the observation surface (internal reflection component) 104, and the liquid crystal
- the internal structure of the display device can be divided into components that are transmitted as they are.
- the internal reflection component 104 is a component based on the internal structure of the liquid crystal display device, and includes not only the reflection component due to the structure of the back side substrate 122 but also the structure other than the surface on the outside side of the observation surface side substrate 121. It also includes a reflection component caused by. That is, when the reflection based on the structure of the liquid crystal display device is set as all reflection components, the internal reflection component is a component obtained by excluding components reflected from the surface of the observation surface side substrate 121 on the outside world side from all the reflection components. .
- a backlight is present on the back side of the back side substrate 122.
- the backlight When the light transmitted through the back side substrate 122 reaches the backlight, a part of the component is reflected based on the structure of the backlight, and may pass through the observation surface side substrate 121 to the outside. Based on the definition of internal reflection of the present invention, such light is also included in internal reflection.
- Reflected light based on such a backlight structure can be regarded as negligible as an internal reflection component of the present invention. This is because most of the light is absorbed by these two polarizing plates during black display. That is, the external light in the black display state is absorbed by the two polarizing plates and thus does not pass through to the backlight side.
- the reflectance of internal reflection of a transmissive or semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device having two polarizing plates in a crossed Nicol relationship with a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between them is the internal reflection by the liquid crystal display panel. It can be evaluated that the reflectance is the same.
- the present invention pays attention to such an internal reflection component, and can obtain a large contrast ratio improvement effect when the reflectance of light reflected by the internal structure of the display device is less than 1.0%. .
- the reflectance based on the internal structure is often 1.6 to 2.0%.
- the internal reflectance is at least 1%. Must be less than 0.0%.
- the reflectance of light reflected by the internal structure is preferably less than 0.5%, so that the display contrast ratio is maintained high even in an environment where the surroundings are considerably bright, and the display quality is high. A display device is obtained.
- the display device of the present invention is particularly preferably used when a process for suppressing surface reflection is performed. Therefore, in the display device of the present invention, the display screen preferably has a low reflection layer on the outermost surface, and in particular, the low reflection layer has a width between adjacent vertices equal to or less than a visible light wavelength. It is preferable to have a plurality of convex portions on the surface. In this specification, the low reflection layer refers to a layer having a reflectance of 1.5% or less.
- LR Low Reflection
- a film an AR (Anti Reflection) film, an AG (Anti Glare) film that exhibits an anti-glare effect by scattering external light using an uneven structure provided on the surface of a low reflection layer, and an LR film
- Examples include an AGLR film having both characteristics, and a moth-eye film having a plurality of convex portions on the surface whose width between adjacent vertices is not more than a visible light wavelength (380 nm).
- the surface reflectance can be made substantially close to zero.
- the moth-eye film can have a surface reflectance of 0.3% or less.
- the reflectance characteristics of the moth-eye structure are not dependent on the incident wavelength, and the reflectance can be 0.3% or less over the entire visible light region.
- the display device having a structure with reduced internal reflection according to the present invention is more effective as the surface reflectance is lower. It is effective when used with a low reflective layer.
- Examples of the display device to which the present invention can be applied include a liquid crystal display device, an organic electroluminescence display device, an inorganic electroluminescence display device, a plasma display device, a cathode ray tube display device, and the like. More preferably, it is a linearly polarized liquid crystal display device that passes through.
- the characteristics of the display device of the present invention can also be applied to an image sensor having a lens on the surface.
- the imaging element also has wiring and electrodes as an internal structure, and further has a light receiving lens. Reflected light based on the internal structure becomes stray light that is repeatedly reflected by both the image sensor and the lens. Therefore, the reduction of the reflected light is effective in capturing an image having a high contrast ratio.
- the area where light enters is different between the display screen and the imaging lens, but the definition of the internal structure is the same.
- the means for reducing the reflectance of the internal structure according to the present invention is particularly effective when applied to the linear polarization mode in the case of a liquid crystal display device.
- the light control mode of the liquid crystal display device can be largely classified into a linear polarization mode in which light passing through the liquid crystal layer is linearly polarized light and a circular polarization mode in which light passing through the liquid crystal layer is circularly polarized light. Circularly polarized light can be obtained by using a circularly polarizing plate.
- the circularly polarizing plate is made by combining a linear polarizing plate with a ⁇ / 4 retardation plate.
- a pair of linear polarizing plates are provided on the front side and the back side of the panel with the liquid crystal layer sandwiched between them, but on both the front side and the back side of the panel, the linear polarizing plate is on the side farther from the liquid crystal layer and the ⁇ / 4 retardation plate is They are arranged on the side closer to the liquid crystal layer.
- the reflected light of the light that has entered through the circularly polarizing plate becomes circularly polarized light whose rotational direction is opposite to that of the incident light upon reflection.
- the linearly polarized mode is used because of the wavelength dependence of the ⁇ / 4 plate and the fact that the light is not completely converted into circularly polarized light when incident on the ⁇ / 4 plate from an oblique direction.
- the contrast ratio tends to be lower. Therefore, the linear polarization mode is more suitable than the circular polarization mode for a liquid crystal display device such as a TV that requires a high contrast ratio, and it is particularly effective to reduce internal reflection at this time.
- the reflected light reflected inside the liquid crystal display device is not absorbed by the circularly polarizing plate as in the circularly polarizing plate mode, and passes through the linearly polarizing plate and is emitted to the viewer side. Since the reflected light is visually recognized by the observer, it is meaningful to reduce the influence of such reflected light.
- the display device is a liquid crystal display device, that is, the internal structure has a first substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and a second substrate from the observation surface side toward the back surface side.
- the first substrate and the second substrate are each provided with a polarizing plate, and the light transmitted through the polarizing plate and transmitted through the liquid crystal layer is linearly polarized light. More preferably.
- linearly polarized light refers to polarized light that oscillates substantially on a straight line when viewed from a direction opposite to the traveling direction of light.
- the polarization state of the light is converted between the polarizing plate of the first substrate and the polarizing plate of the second substrate. More specifically, the phase difference when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the display screen is about 95 to 195 nm which is about 1 ⁇ 4 of the visible light center wavelength of 550 nm. It is preferable not to arrange the retardation structure in the range between the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate.
- the present inventors examined various methods for specifically reducing the internal reflection of the display device, and focused on the change in the refractive index between the layers in the substrate having a plurality of layers having different refractive indexes. .
- the refractive index between each layer is not intermittently changed in units of layers, but at least the refractive index at the interface of each layer is substantially the same, and the refractive index within one layer is continuous without interruption.
- the light is not affected by the change in the refractive index, and the light is transmitted as it is between the layers made of a plurality of materials having different refractive indexes.
- the inventors have found that the reflectance is greatly reduced, and have conceived that the above-mentioned problems can be solved brilliantly, and have reached the present invention.
- the present invention is a multilayer substrate having a first layer and a second layer disposed adjacent to the first layer, wherein the refractive index of the second layer is the second layer. Continuously changing from the interface adjacent to the first layer of the first layer in the opposite direction to the first layer, starting from the refractive index value at the interface adjacent to the second layer of the first layer. It is also a multilayer substrate (hereinafter also referred to as the first multilayer substrate of the present invention).
- the first multilayer substrate of the present invention has a first layer and a second layer disposed adjacent to the first layer.
- the material of the first layer and the second layer is not limited to any of a simple substance, an inorganic compound, and an organic compound as long as the layer has a fixed form (solid).
- the refractive index of the second layer is from the interface adjacent to the first layer of the second layer in the direction opposite to the first layer, at the interface adjacent to the second layer of the first layer. It continuously changes starting from the refractive index value. That is, the refractive index at the interface adjacent to the second layer of the first layer is substantially the same as the refractive index at the interface adjacent to the first layer of the second layer, When the refractive index difference at the interface of each layer with the second layer is large, the amount of reflected light generated at the boundary between the first layer and the second layer increases, so that at least each of the layers adjacent to each other The refractive index of each layer at the interface is substantially the same in the first layer and the second layer.
- refractive index is substantially the same
- the refractive index difference is 0.04 or less. It is preferable from the viewpoint of preventing reflection of light, and the refractive index difference is more preferably 0.01 or less.
- the refractive index changes continuously means that the refractive index at the wavelength on the vertical axis is plotted, for example, where the refractive index of the second layer is the horizontal axis in the thickness direction of the second layer.
- a smooth line can be obtained without any interruption in the refractive index distribution, and the inclination angle may vary depending on the region.
- the wavelength region at this time is preferably visible light (380 to 780 nm).
- the smooth line obtained by the plot is not limited to a straight line, and may be a curved line, but is preferably a straight line inclined at a uniform angle.
- the tendency of change may be either increase or decrease.
- the configuration of the first multilayer substrate of the present invention even when the structure has a structure in which a plurality of layers made of materials having different refractive indexes are laminated, most of the light passes through the plurality of layers. Therefore, it is possible to prevent light reflection.
- the multilayer substrate of the present invention as a substrate constituting a display device, a display device in which a decrease in contrast due to light reflection is suppressed is manufactured. can do.
- the configuration of the first multilayer substrate of the present invention is not particularly limited by other components as long as such components are essential.
- the multilayer substrate further includes a third layer disposed adjacent to the second layer, and the second layer is refracted.
- the refractive index continuously changes from the value of the refractive index at the interface adjacent to the third layer of the second layer to the interface adjacent to the third layer of the second layer, (2 )
- a layer having a plurality of convex portions whose width between adjacent vertices is less than or equal to the visible light wavelength is disposed on the surface
- the second layer includes particles having a refractive index different from that at the interface adjacent to the first layer, and the concentration of the particles in the second layer is directed in the opposite direction to the first layer.
- continuously changing forms Note that these forms (1) to (3) can be appropriately combined as necessary, and by combining these, a further antireflection effect can be obtained as compared with the case where they are used alone. .
- a preferred form (1) of the first multilayer substrate of the present invention is a form having a third layer on the second layer as well as the first layer and the second layer.
- the material of the third layer is not limited to any of a simple substance, an inorganic compound, and an organic compound as long as the third layer has a fixed form (solid).
- the relationship between the refractive indexes at the interfaces where the second layer and the third layer are adjacent to each other is the same as the relationship between the first layer and the second layer. Therefore, the third layer formed on the second layer has such a characteristic, so that most of light passes through even at the boundary between the second layer and the third layer.
- light can easily pass through the first layer to the third layer, and a multilayer substrate having excellent antireflection characteristics can be obtained.
- an additional layer having such characteristics is further formed, the antireflection effect can be obtained in the same manner.
- the refractive index of the third layer is directed from the interface adjacent to the second layer of the third layer in the direction opposite to the second layer.
- the suitable form (2) of the 1st multilayer substrate of this invention is a form which arrange
- the refractive index between the first layer and the region opposite to the second layer side, that is, the outside world (air layer), and the first layer is increased. Since the change can be made continuous, most of the light is transmitted through the boundary between the outside world (air layer) and the first layer, and the reflectance is greatly reduced. Become.
- a preferred form (3) of the first multilayer substrate of the present invention is a form in which the second layer contains particles having a refractive index different from that of the material constituting the first layer. (I) When the refractive index of the first layer is lower than the refractive index of the third layer, the second layer has a higher refractive index than the refractive index of the region adjacent to the first layer.
- the second layer includes particles having a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the region adjacent to the first layer, and the second layer of the particles
- concentration inside increases continuously toward the opposite direction to a 1st layer
- the second layer can be adjusted by adjusting the particle concentration distribution in the second layer.
- the refractive index distribution can be adjusted.
- “the refractive index changes continuously” means that the refractive index at the wavelength on the vertical axis is plotted, for example, where the refractive index of the second layer is the horizontal axis in the thickness direction of the second layer. This means that a smooth line can be obtained without any interruption in the refractive index distribution, and the inclination angle may vary depending on the region.
- the wavelength region at this time is preferably visible light (380 nm to 780 nm).
- the smooth line obtained by the plot is not limited to a straight line, and may be a curved line, but is preferably a straight line inclined at a uniform angle. Therefore, when the second layer includes particles having a refractive index higher than that of the region adjacent to the first layer, the particles are moved further away from the first layer. A structure in which the refractive index continuously increases in the direction opposite to that of the first layer can be obtained, and the refractive index difference at the interface between the first layer and the second layer is greatly reduced. In addition, when the second layer includes particles having a refractive index lower than that of the region adjacent to the first layer, the particles are moved further away from the first layer. A structure in which the refractive index continuously decreases in the direction opposite to that of the first layer can be obtained, and reflection occurring at the boundary between the first layer and the second layer is greatly reduced.
- the refractive index in the second layer can be adjusted to change continuously, and the refractive index is intermittently changed. Compared with the case where it differs, the multilayer substrate by which the antireflection characteristic was improved significantly is obtained.
- the more preferable form regarding the preferable form (1) of a 1st multilayer substrate is explained in full detail.
- the second layer includes a medium containing the particles, and the refractive index of the medium is preferably a refractive index of an interface adjacent to the second layer of the first layer.
- the second layer includes two components of a particle having a refractive index higher than that of a region adjacent to the first layer and a medium including the particle.
- the particles are preferably black or transparent. Since black has the property of absorbing light compared to other colors, the amount of reflected light can be reduced by making the particles black. Further, by making the particles transparent, it is possible to improve the light transmittance as compared with the case where other colors are used, so that the amount of reflected light can be reduced. In addition, when the color of the particles is colored in other colors, for example, when light is transmitted through the multilayer substrate, the transmitted light may be colored.
- the second layer preferably contains nanoparticles having a particle size equal to or smaller than the visible light wavelength.
- the shape of the nanoparticles is not particularly limited.
- the particle diameter means the diameter of the largest part of the nanoparticles. Such a particle size can be measured using, for example, an optical microscope.
- the particle diameter of the said nanoparticle is 20 nm or more.
- the present invention is a multilayer substrate including a fourth layer and a fifth layer disposed adjacent to the fourth layer, wherein the fourth layer has a width between adjacent vertices.
- the surface on the fifth layer side has a plurality of convex portions that are less than or equal to the visible light wavelength, and the fifth layer has a plurality of concave portions filling the space between the plurality of convex portions on the surface on the fourth layer side.
- a multilayer substrate hereinafter also referred to as a second multilayer substrate of the present invention.
- the material of the fourth layer and the fifth layer is not limited to any of a simple substance, an inorganic compound, and an organic compound as long as it has a fixed form as a layer (solid).
- Each of the plurality of convex portions formed on the surface of the fourth layer has a substantially conical shape, that is, has a shape in which the width gradually decreases toward the tip. That is, the surface of the fourth layer has a moth-eye structure.
- the fifth layer has a plurality of concave portions filling the space between the plurality of convex portions on the surface on the fourth layer side, that is, the surface of the fifth layer has a structure symmetrical to the moth-eye structure. It is configured. As described above, the reflection of light also occurs at the boundary between the media when transmitting between the media having different refractive indexes.
- the fourth is The refractive index continuously changes from the refractive index of the layer to the refractive index of the fifth layer, and light transmitted through the region where the convex portions of the fourth layer and the concave portions of the fifth layer are engaged with each other.
- the discontinuity of the refractive index received is eliminated, and most of the light passes through the boundary between the fourth layer and the fifth layer, and the reflectance generated at the boundary between the fourth layer and the fifth layer is large. Decrease.
- the moth eye described above is formed on the surface opposite to the fifth layer of the two surfaces of the fourth layer. It is preferable to arrange a film. That is, on the surface of the fourth layer opposite to the fifth layer, it is preferable that a layer having a plurality of convex portions with a width between adjacent vertices having a visible light wavelength or less on the surface is disposed. . This makes it possible to continuously change the refractive index between the external environment (air layer) and the fourth layer, so that most of the light is transmitted to the external environment (air layer) and the fourth layer. The boundary between the layers will be transmitted, and the reflectivity will be greatly reduced.
- the present invention provides a multilayer substrate comprising a sixth layer, a seventh layer, and an intermediate layer disposed between the sixth layer and the seventh layer, wherein the intermediate layer is refracted.
- the rate is also a multilayer substrate (hereinafter also referred to as a third multilayer substrate of the present invention) that continuously changes so as to connect the refractive index of the sixth layer and the refractive index of the seventh layer.
- the material of the sixth layer and the seventh layer is not limited to any of a simple substance, an inorganic compound, and an organic compound as long as it has a fixed form as a layer (solid).
- the surface opposite to the seventh layer it is preferable to arrange the moth-eye film described above. That is, on the surface of the sixth layer opposite to the seventh layer, it is preferable that a layer having a plurality of convex portions whose width between adjacent vertices is less than or equal to the visible light wavelength is disposed on the surface. . This makes it possible to continuously change the refractive index between the external environment (air layer) and the sixth layer, so that most of the light is transmitted from the external environment (air layer) to the sixth layer. The boundary between the layers will be transmitted, and the reflectivity will be greatly reduced.
- the intermediate layer includes particles having the refractive index of the seventh layer, and the concentration of the particles in the intermediate layer is in the direction opposite to that of the sixth layer. It is preferable that it is increasing continuously.
- the intermediate layer contains particles having the refractive index of the sixth layer, and the concentration of the particles in the intermediate layer is in the opposite direction to the sixth layer. It is preferable that it is decreasing continuously.
- the refractive index distribution in the intermediate layer is adjusted by adjusting the concentration distribution of the particles in the intermediate layer. Can be adjusted. Therefore, when the refractive index of the seventh layer is higher than the refractive index of the sixth layer, particles having the same refractive index as the refractive index of the seventh layer are contained in the intermediate layer, and the particles Is further away from the sixth layer and closer to the seventh layer, a structure in which the refractive index continuously increases in the direction opposite to the sixth layer can be obtained, and the intermediate layer The refractive index of the sixth layer and the refractive index of the seventh layer can be connected.
- the refractive index of the seventh layer is lower than the refractive index of the sixth layer, particles having the same refractive index as the refractive index of the sixth layer are contained in the intermediate layer, and the particles By moving the distance closer to the sixth layer and away from the seventh layer, a structure in which the refractive index continuously decreases in the direction opposite to the sixth layer can be obtained, and the intermediate layer The refractive index of the sixth layer and the refractive index of the seventh layer can be connected.
- the particle concentration distribution in the intermediate layer it is possible to easily adjust the refractive index in the intermediate layer so that it continuously changes, and the refractive index varies intermittently. Compared with the case where it is, the multilayer substrate by which the antireflection characteristic was improved significantly will be obtained.
- the intermediate layer When the concentration of the particles in the intermediate layer continuously increases in the direction opposite to the sixth layer, the intermediate layer includes a medium containing the particles, and the refraction of the medium
- the index is preferably the refractive index of the sixth layer.
- the intermediate layer when the concentration of the particles in the intermediate layer continuously decreases in the direction opposite to the sixth layer, the intermediate layer includes a medium containing the particles, and the medium
- the refractive index of is preferably the refractive index of the seventh layer.
- the refractive index of the medium is set as the refractive index of the sixth layer. Then, since the intermediate layer excluding the particles has the refractive index of the sixth layer, the refractive index of the intermediate layer can be changed to the sixth by simply adjusting the concentration distribution of the remaining particles. It can be continuously varied in the opposite direction of the layer and linked to the refractive index of the seventh layer.
- the refractive index of the medium is set as the refractive index of the seventh layer. Then, since the intermediate layer excluding the particles has the refractive index of the seventh layer, the refractive index of the intermediate layer is changed to the sixth by simply adjusting the concentration distribution of the remaining particles. It can be continuously varied in the opposite direction of the layer and linked to the refractive index of the seventh layer.
- the particles are preferably black or transparent. Since black has the property of absorbing light compared to other colors, the amount of reflected light can be reduced by making the particles black. Further, by making the particles transparent, it is possible to improve the light transmittance as compared with the case where other colors are used, so that the amount of reflected light can be reduced. In addition, when the color of the particles is colored in other colors, for example, when light is transmitted through the multilayer substrate, the transmitted light may be colored.
- middle layer contains the nanoparticle which has a particle size below visible light wavelength.
- the shape of the nanoparticles is not particularly limited. Such a particle size can be measured using, for example, an optical microscope.
- the particle diameter of the said nanoparticle is 20 nm or more.
- the refractive index change in the intermediate layer can be more optically averaged and has a more uniform gradient. A refractive index distribution can be obtained.
- the particle diameter of such nanoparticles becomes larger than the lower limit (380 nm) of the visible light wavelength, conversely, the reflectance increases.
- the preferable form of the internal structure of the display apparatus of this invention is demonstrated.
- the following form can acquire the same effect, even if it is a case where it is a case where it uses for the internal structure of an image pick-up element.
- the internal structure preferably includes the multilayer substrate (any one of the first to third multilayer substrates of the present invention).
- the above-described multilayer substrate of the present invention is used in the display device of the present invention. It is very effective to apply.
- the internal structure is preferably a liquid crystal display panel including a first substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and a second substrate stacked in this order from the observation surface side to the back surface side.
- this form is a form in which the display device of the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device, and the observation surface side means the display screen side.
- a liquid crystal display device usually has a pair of substrates that sandwich a liquid crystal layer, and members such as a color filter, a black matrix, electrodes, wirings, and semiconductor elements are provided on the pair of substrates.
- Such a member includes a member having a high reflectivity, and in the laminated portion composed of a plurality of layers formed of different materials, the refractive indexes of the materials of the plurality of layers are different from each other.
- the feature of the present invention is preferably applied to a liquid crystal display device.
- the first substrate and / or the second substrate is preferably the multilayer substrate (any one of the first to third multilayer substrates of the present invention).
- the multilayer substrate of the present invention is preferably the multilayer substrate (any one of the first to third multilayer substrates of the present invention).
- the multilayer substrate of the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal display device, internal reflection of the liquid crystal display device can be reduced, and a liquid crystal display device having an excellent contrast ratio can be obtained even in a bright ambient environment.
- the first substrate and the second substrate the first substrate is a color filter substrate
- the second substrate is an array substrate
- the first substrate is a transparent substrate.
- a form in which the second substrate is a color filter-on-array substrate including both a color filter and a pixel electrode can be mentioned.
- the internal structure preferably includes at least one conductive layer whose surface is made of any one material selected from the group consisting of copper oxide, silver oxide, titanium nitride, and tantalum oxide.
- a low-resistance metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), or the like.
- Al aluminum
- Ag silver
- Cu copper
- Ni nickel
- Such a material has high reflectivity although it is preferable from the viewpoints of reliability and reliability.
- copper oxide is black and absorbs light more easily than copper alone, the reflectance is low.
- silver oxide is black and absorbs light more easily than silver alone
- titanium nitride is black and absorbs light more easily than titanium alone
- tantalum oxide is black, It absorbs light more easily than a simple substance. Therefore, these materials are effective in suppressing internal reflection of the display device.
- These materials are preferably used in combination with each other. For example, it is preferable to use titanium nitride for a place where titanium is suitable and tantalum oxide for a place where tantalum is suitable. Thereby, the internal reflection of a display apparatus can be reduced more efficiently.
- the internal structure is made of a conductive layer made of aluminum and any one selected from the group consisting of titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, and magnesium located closer to the observation surface than the conductive layer made of aluminum. It is preferable to provide at least one laminated structure with the conductive layer.
- hillocks microprojections
- Examples of the conductive layer provided on the surface of the aluminum film include a conductive layer made of titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, or magnesium, and by including these, 30 to The reflectance of 40% can be reduced, and thereby the effect of suppressing internal reflection of the display device can be obtained.
- These materials are preferably used in combination with each other as appropriate.
- molybdenum may be laminated on aluminum in some places
- magnesium may be laminated on aluminum in some other places. Well, this can reduce the internal reflection of the display device more efficiently.
- the internal structure includes an oxidized or nitrided conductive layer made of any one selected from the group consisting of silicon and aluminum-silicon alloys.
- a conductive layer can be easily formed in a gas atmosphere in which oxygen and nitrogen are mixed, and the formed film functions as a member having low reflectance.
- the internal structure includes at least one conductive layer made of any one selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, silver and nickel, and includes a light shielding film in a region overlapping with the conductive layer,
- the light shielding film is preferably positioned closer to the observation surface than the conductive layer. Even when the reflectivity of the conductive layer used for the internal structure is high, the reflection based on the internal structure is suppressed by disposing a member having a lower reflectivity on the observation surface side than a member having a high reflectivity.
- the light-shielding film is a photosensitive resin used when the conductive layer is patterned by a photolithography method, and the photosensitive resin preferably contains a black pigment from the viewpoint of manufacturing efficiency.
- the conductive layer when the conductive layer is used as a wiring, the conductive layer requires precise patterning.
- a black pigment is mixed into the resist (photosensitive resin) used for patterning, and wiring processing is performed by an etching process. Then, by leaving the resist as it is without peeling, the resist can be efficiently used as a member for reducing the reflectance.
- the black pigment is preferably carbon particles or titanium nitride particles from the viewpoint of production efficiency and low reflectivity.
- these materials are preferably used in combination with each other as appropriate. For example, light shielding is performed in each of a region overlapping with a conductive layer made of aluminum and a region overlapping with a conductive layer made of copper. It is preferable to form a film, whereby the internal reflection of the display device can be more efficiently reduced.
- the photosensitive resin containing the black pigment is not only used as a resist for the patterning, but is applied after the array substrate having a laminated structure including the conductive layer is completed and applied (on the surface side of the film). ) May be left only on the wiring and electrode layers of the array substrate by exposure from the opposite side.
- the wiring pattern of the completed array substrate uses a photosensitive resin containing a black pigment as a patterning mask, it is advantageous in that a light shielding film can be formed on the array substrate without newly adding a mask. It is.
- the treatments for reducing the reflectance of the reflection occurring on the surfaces of the wirings, electrodes and the like are used in combination. By combining these, it becomes more efficient to reduce the reflectance of light reflected by the internal structure of the display device of the present invention to less than 1.0%, and further to less than 0.5%.
- a display device having a high contrast ratio can be obtained even in an environment where the surroundings are bright.
- the multilayer substrate of the present invention it is possible to suppress the reflection of light that occurs at the interface between a plurality of layers.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section taken along line A-A ′ in FIG. 16 and a cross section taken along line B-B ′ in FIG. 16.
- the measurement result of the simulation of BM which changes a refractive index intermittently is shown,
- the measurement screen and the cross-sectional schematic diagram of BM are shown.
- the measurement result of the simulation of BM which changes a refractive index continuously is shown,
- the measurement screen and the cross-sectional schematic diagram of BM are shown. It is the schematic diagram which extracted the part of the glass substrate and black matrix of the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 2, and has shown the arrangement configuration of a glass substrate and a black matrix, and these refractive index distribution.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the moth-eye film (low reflection layer), glass substrate, moth-eye film, and black matrix extracted from the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 5, and the arrangement configuration of the moth-eye film (low reflection layer), glass substrate, moth-eye film, and black matrix.
- a refractive index distribution including the outside (air) is shown.
- positioning structure of the moth-eye film (low reflection layer) of the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 6, a glass substrate, a moth-eye film, a color filter layer, an intermediate resin layer, and a black matrix is shown.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 7.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of an active matrix type array substrate included in the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 7. It is a schematic diagram which shows the mode of the measurement of the reflected light of SCI mode. It is a schematic diagram which shows the mode of the measurement of the reflected light of SCE mode.
- Embodiment 1 is a multilayer substrate that can be used as a color filter substrate included in a liquid crystal display device. Further, the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 1 is the second multilayer substrate of the present invention.
- the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 1 has a polarizing plate, a glass substrate (transparent substrate), a moth-eye film, a color filter layer, a black matrix (BM), and a common electrode.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of glass substrate, moth-eye film, and black matrix portions extracted from the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 1, showing the arrangement of the glass substrate, moth-eye film, and black matrix, and their refractive index distribution. ing.
- the moth-eye film 13 corresponds to the fourth layer of the present invention
- the BM 12 corresponds to the fifth layer of the present invention.
- the moth-eye film 13 is made of an acrylic UV resin (for example, urethane acrylate) for nanoimprint formation.
- BM12 is comprised including the carbon black particle
- the refractive index of glass is about 1.5, and the refractive index of acrylic UV resin for forming nanoimprints is about 1.5.
- the refractive index of the binder resin is about 1.5, and the refractive index of the carbon black particles is about 2.0.
- the carbon black particles included in the BM12 are uniformly distributed in the layers constituting the BM12. Therefore, when viewed as the BM 12 as a whole, the refractive index is about 1.8 obtained by averaging the binder resin and the carbon black particles.
- the material of the binder resin examples include acrylic, methacrylic resins, enethiol resins, and UV polymerizable resins for forming single or composite nanoimprints thereof.
- adjusting the refractive index of the binder resin is useful from the following viewpoints. (I) When the refractive index distribution of the glass substrate, the moth-eye film and the black matrix is designed in a multilayer configuration, for example, the refractive index of the binder resin is adjusted in accordance with the refractive index of the carbon black particles, and the composite configuration (carbon Black particles and binder resin) can be selected.
- the binder resin material For example, it can be assumed that a material having a lower average refractive index than the average refractive index (about 1.5) in the target composite system is selected and adjusted as the binder resin material. (Ii) Similarly, when there are a plurality of types of carbon black particles to be dispersed and the average refractive index is smaller than the target value of about 2.0, the refractive index of the binder resin is more than the target value. If the value is also set larger, the refractive index of the BM 12 as a whole can be adjusted.
- a moth-eye film 13 is disposed between the glass substrate 11 and the BM 12.
- a plurality of convex portions having a width between adjacent vertices having a wavelength equal to or smaller than the visible light wavelength are formed, and a concavo-convex structure (moth-eye structure) having a minute period is formed.
- Each of these convex portions (unit structure of moth-eye structure) has a structure in which the refractive index continuously increases from the tip toward the bottom.
- the BM 12 is formed so as to be filled between the plurality of convex portions of the moth-eye film 13, and therefore the BM 12 has a symmetric structure with the moth-eye structure. More specifically, a plurality of concave portions having a symmetric structure with the convex portions of the moth-eye film 13 are formed on the surface of the BM 12 on the moth-eye film 13 side.
- the region where the convex portion of the moth-eye film 13 and the concave portion of the BM 12 are engaged is a region where two layers having different refractive indexes are combined, and as the thickness of the region increases, the convex portion of the moth-eye film 13 and the BM 12
- the volume ratio with respect to the recesses regularly varies. Moreover, since the width
- the refractive index of the moth-eye film is about 1.5, and the refractive index of BM12 is about 1.8.
- the glass substrate is considered as the entire multilayer substrate of the first embodiment.
- 11 to BM12 have a structure in which there is no intermittent refractive index change. Therefore, according to the configuration of the multilayer substrate of the first embodiment, the light is transmitted as it is through the glass substrate 11, the moth-eye film 13, and the BM 12, so that the effect of reducing the reflectance can be obtained.
- the configuration of the first embodiment has a feature in that a region in which the refractive index is continuously changed is formed by two layers.
- the moth-eye film used in Embodiment 1 has a plurality of convex portions on the surface in which the width between the apexes of adjacent convex portions is equal to or less than the visible light wavelength. That is, in the moth-eye film of Embodiment 1, the distance between the apexes of adjacent convex portions (the width of adjacent convex portions in the case of a non-periodic structure) or the pitch (the width of adjacent convex portions in the case of a periodic structure) is visible light. It has a structure in which a plurality of convex portions having a wavelength or shorter are present.
- each convex part in Embodiment 1 has the advantage that an unnecessary diffracted light does not arise when the arrangement
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view when the moth-eye film of Embodiment 1 is configured by lamination.
- the structure of the moth-eye film may be a single layer or a laminate.
- the uneven portion 13 a having a plurality of convex portions formed on the surface and the support portion 13 b that supports the uneven portion 13 a are configured by films of different materials. Also good.
- each material constituting the uneven portion 13a, the support portion 13b, and the bonding portion 13c needs to have substantially the same refractive index.
- Examples of the material constituting the concavo-convex portion of the moth-eye film include a resin capable of performing optical nanoimprinting and thermal nanoimprinting and exhibiting curability under certain conditions. As described above, in particular, precise patterning is performed. Photocurable resins such as acrylate resins and methacrylate resins capable of performing optical nanoimprinting are preferred.
- Examples of the material constituting the support portion 13b of the moth-eye film include, for example, triacetyl cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, and cyclic olefin polymer (typically, a product name “ZEONOR” (manufactured by Zeon Corporation) such as a norbornene resin.
- a product name “ZEONOR” manufactured by Zeon Corporation
- Resin materials such as acrylic resins can be used.
- the material which comprises the adhesion part 13c of a moth-eye film is not specifically limited. Between the support part 13b of the moth-eye film and the adhesive part 13c, an anchoring layer, a hard coat layer, or the like for improving adhesion may be formed.
- FIG. 5 to 10 are perspective views of the moth-eye film of Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 5 shows a case where the unit structure of the convex portion is conical
- FIG. 6 shows a case where the unit structure of the convex portion is a quadrangular pyramid
- FIG. 8 is a shape with a pointed tip
- FIG. 8 shows a shape whose slope is more gradual (dome shape) as it approaches the apex from the bottom point, and the tip is rounded
- FIG. The nearer the slope is, the steeper (needle type) is, and the tip is rounded.
- the tip 10 shows the shape, the closer the tip is from the bottom to the apex, the steeper is the slope (needle type) and the tip is sharp. .
- the top of the convex portion is the apex t, and the point where each convex portion is in contact is the bottom point b.
- the width w between adjacent vertices of the convex portion constituting the surface structure of the moth-eye film is the distance between the two points when the vertical line is lowered from the convex portion t to the same plane. Indicated by distance.
- the height h from the vertex of the moth-eye structure to the bottom point is indicated by the distance when the perpendicular is lowered from the vertex t of the convex portion to the plane where the bottom point b is located.
- the width w between vertices of adjacent convex portions of the surface structure of the moth-eye film is 380 nm or less, preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 200 nm or less.
- the height h from the top to the bottom of the concavo-convex structure of the moth-eye film is preferably 100 nm to 300 nm.
- the unit structure of the convex portion is exemplified by a conical shape, a quadrangular pyramid shape, a dome shape, and a needle shape, but the concavo-convex structure in the first embodiment has a vertex and a bottom point formed.
- the unit structure is not particularly limited as long as it has an uneven structure whose width is controlled below the visible light wavelength. Further, for example, each type of slope may have a shape with stepped steps.
- the convex portion may have a plurality of alignment properties, and may not have alignment properties. That is, the present invention is not limited to the form in which the bottom points, which are the points where the convex portions contact each other, have the same height between the adjacent convex portions. For example, as shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, a plurality of heights of points (contact points) on the surface where the convex portions contact each other may exist. At this time, a hook part exists in these forms. A buttock is a place where the mountain ridgeline is depressed.
- any convex portion having one vertex t is taken as a reference, there are a plurality of contacts at positions lower than the vertex t to form a collar portion.
- any convex portion The lowest contact point around is the base point b, and the point located below the vertex t and above the base point b and serving as the equilibrium point of the buttock is also referred to as the saddle point s.
- the distance w between the vertices of the convex portion corresponds to the width between the adjacent vertices
- the vertical distance h from the vertex to the bottom point corresponds to the height of the convex portion.
- FIGS. 14 and 15 are schematic perspective views showing in detail the convex portions of the moth-eye film of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged view in the case of a dome shape and having a collar portion and a saddle point
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged view in the case of a needle shape and having a collar portion and a saddle point. As shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view of convex portions of the moth-eye film of the first embodiment.
- the white circle points shown in FIG. 16 represent the vertices, the black circle points represent the bottom points, and the white squares represent the saddle points of the buttocks.
- a base point and a saddle point are formed on a concentric circle centering on one vertex.
- FIG. 16 schematically shows a case in which six base points and six saddle points are formed on one circle, but the present invention is not limited to this and includes irregular ones.
- the white circle ( ⁇ ) represents the apex
- the white square ( ⁇ ) represents the saddle point
- the black circle ( ⁇ ) represents the bottom point.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section taken along the line A-A ′ in FIG. 16 and a cross section taken along the line B-B ′ in FIG. 16.
- the vertices are represented by a2, b3, a6, and b5, the ridges are represented by b1, b2, a4, b4, and b6, and the base points are represented by a1, a3, a5, and a7.
- the relationship between a2 and b3 and the relationship between b3 and b5 are the relationship between adjacent vertices, and the distance between a2 and b3 and the distance between b3 and b5 are adjacent. It corresponds to the width w between matching vertices.
- the distance between a2 and a1 or a3, and the distance between a6 and a5 or a7 correspond to the height h of the convex portion.
- variety between the arbitrary one convex parts of several convex parts and the several adjacent convex part may mutually differ.
- the form having no periodicity has a performance advantage that transmission and reflection diffraction scattering due to the regular arrangement hardly occurs, and a manufacturing advantage that a pattern can be easily manufactured. Furthermore, as shown in FIGS.
- a plurality of contacts having a height lower than the apex and different heights may be formed around one convex portion.
- the surface of the moth-eye film may have irregularities on the order of microns larger than the irregularities on the order of nanometers, that is, may have a double irregular structure.
- a method for producing the moth-eye film 13 will be described in detail.
- a mold having a plurality of recesses on the surface whose width between adjacent bottom points is equal to or less than the visible light wavelength is an alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) substrate having a large number of holes formed by anodizing the surface of aluminum.
- Al 2 O 3 alumina
- the width between the adjacent bottom points is equal to or smaller than the visible light wavelength, and tapers toward the inside of the mold.
- a mold having a plurality of recesses having the shape (tapered shape) can be produced.
- the conditions for anodizing include, for example, conditions in which oxalic acid is 0.6 wt%, the liquid temperature is 5 ° C., and the applied voltage is 80 V, and the anodizing time is 25 seconds. By adjusting the anodizing time, a difference is generated in the size of the formed recess.
- Examples of etching conditions include phosphoric acid 1 mol / l, liquid temperature 30 ° C., and 25 minutes.
- a curable resin film having a flat surface as a base material for the moth-eye film is prepared, and a light irradiation treatment and a heat treatment are performed while pressing the surface of the mold having the plurality of recesses on the surface of the base material.
- the moth-eye film 13 can be produced by performing a necessary curing process such as the above.
- the substrate of the mold is not limited to glass, but a metal material such as SUS, Ni, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, cyclic olefin polymer (typically a product name “ZEONOR” (Neonbornene resin, etc.) And other resin materials such as polyolefin resin, polycarbonate resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and triacetyl cellulose (product name “ARTON” (manufactured by JSR Corporation)). Further, an aluminum bulk substrate may be used instead of the substrate on which aluminum is formed.
- the shape of the mold may be a flat plate shape or a roll (cylindrical) shape.
- Specific methods for forming (replicating) fine irregularities on a substrate using a mold include 2P method (Photo-polymerization method), hot press method (embossing method), injection molding method, sol-gel method, etc.
- Various methods such as a method, a method of laminating a fine unevenness forming sheet, and a transfer method of a fine unevenness layer may be appropriately selected according to the use of the antireflection article, the material of the base material, and the like.
- the depth of the mold and the height of the transferred material, and the width of the concave portion of the mold and the width of the convex portion of the transferred material can be measured using an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope).
- the moth-eye film 13 thus produced is placed on the glass substrate 11, and the material of the BM 12 is made of moth-eye film by using a film forming method such as a spin coat method or a DFR (dry film) method and a photolithography method.
- a film forming method such as a spin coat method or a DFR (dry film) method and a photolithography method.
- the BM 12 included in the multilayer substrate of the first embodiment can be manufactured.
- the patterning shape of the BM 12 is a shape that surrounds a certain range (sub-pixel region) corresponding to the outer frame of the sub-pixel. It is preferable to do.
- the BM 12 serves as a partition member between the color filters of each color, that is, between the sub-pixels, and color mixing and light leakage occurring at the boundary between the color filter layers of each color can be prevented. Furthermore, a color filter layer can be easily formed by discharging an appropriate color layer material into the area partitioned by the BM 12 by an inkjet method or the like and curing the color layer material. Can be formed.
- FIG. 18 shows a measurement result of a BM simulation in which the refractive index is intermittently changed, and is a measurement screen and a schematic cross-sectional view of the BM.
- FIG. 19 shows a measurement result of a BM simulation in which the refractive index is continuously changed, and shows a measurement screen and a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the BM.
- the BM 92 that changes the refractive index intermittently is arranged and used on a glass substrate 91 having a flat surface, and has a flat surface. As shown in FIG. 18, this simulation measures the reflectance (%) when light is incident from a direction perpendicular to the planes of the glass substrate 91 and the BM 92.
- the BM 92 that continuously changes the refractive index is formed and used on a glass substrate in a conical shape (pyramid shape), that is, a cross-sectional shape is a triangular shape. Further, a resin layer 93 is disposed so as to fill the gaps between the irregularities of the BM92. As shown in FIG. 19, this simulation measures the reflectance (%) when light enters from a direction perpendicular to the plane of the glass substrate.
- the simulation conditions are as follows. Non-polarized light was used as incident light, and only specular reflection light was observed as observation light.
- the refractive index of the glass substrate 91 was 1.5
- the refractive index of BM92 was 2.0-i
- the refractive index of the resin layer 93 was 1.5.
- i is an imaginary part representing extinction (absorption coefficient) and is a value attached to a substance having absorption.
- the height of BM92 was 200 nm
- the pitch of BM92 was 200 nm.
- the simulation wavelength was measured in increments of 50 nm in the range of 400 to 800 nm. The simulation results are as shown in Table 1 below.
- the reflectance at a wavelength of 550 nm that most affects human vision is 0.09434 in the conventional liquid crystal display device, whereas the liquid crystal display device in the present embodiment is Then, a result of 0.000014 was obtained, and it was confirmed that the reflectance was reduced to about 1/6500. In this simulation, only the regular reflectance is calculated, but the entire reflectance including the diffuse reflectance can also achieve the effect of reducing the reflectance by the same principle.
- the second embodiment is a multilayer substrate that can be used as a color filter substrate included in a liquid crystal display device. Moreover, the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 2 is the first multilayer substrate of the present invention.
- the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 2 includes a polarizing plate, a glass substrate, a color filter layer, a black matrix, and a common electrode.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram in which portions of the glass substrate and the black matrix of the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 2 are extracted, showing the arrangement configuration of the glass substrate and the black matrix, and the refractive index distribution thereof.
- the glass substrate (transparent substrate) 11 corresponds to the first layer of the present invention
- the BM 12 corresponds to the second layer of the present invention.
- the BM 12 includes carbon black particles 31 that exhibit the black color of the BM 12 and a binder resin (medium) 32 that includes the carbon black particles 31.
- the refractive index of glass is about 1.5
- the refractive index of the binder resin 32 is about 1.5
- the refractive index of the carbon black particles 31 is about 2.0.
- the particle size of the carbon black particles is about 100 nm or less.
- the BM 12 has nanoparticles 34 having a particle diameter equal to or smaller than the visible light wavelength in addition to the carbon black particles 31.
- Nanoparticles 34 have a particle size of 20 to 380 nm and have a particle size equal to or smaller than the visible light wavelength.
- the shape of the nanoparticles 34 is not particularly limited, and may be any of a spherical shape, a polygonal shape, and an indefinite shape.
- the refractive index in the BM 12 can be more optically averaged, and the BM 12 having a refractive index distribution with a more uniform inclination can be formed.
- the nanoparticles 34 are preferably black or transparent.
- the carbon black particles 31 included in the BM 12 have a higher distribution in the positions further away from the glass substrate 11 among the layers constituting the BM 12. Therefore, the concentration of the carbon black particles 31 in the BM 12 increases continuously as the distance from the glass substrate 11 increases. As a result, as shown in FIG. As the distance from the distance increases, that is, in a direction opposite to the glass substrate 11, the distance increases continuously. Specifically, the refractive index of the binder resin 32 is about 1.5, which is the same as the refractive index of the glass substrate 11, and the refractive index of the carbon black particles 31 is the refractive index of the glass substrate 11 and the refractive index of the binder resin 32. Higher than about 2.0. From this, by continuously changing the concentration gradient of the carbon black particles 31 in the thickness direction, the change in the refractive index of the laminated body of the glass substrate 11 and the BM 12 can be changed continuously. A graph like 20 can be obtained.
- the light that has passed through the glass substrate 11 is less likely to be reflected at the boundary between the glass substrate 11 and the BM 12.
- the refractive index of the BM 12 is changed from the interface adjacent to the BM 12 of the glass substrate 11 toward the opposite direction to the glass substrate 11. This is because the starting point changes continuously, not intermittently, so that most of the light transmitted through the glass substrate 11 passes through the glass substrate 11 and the BM 12.
- carbon black particles 31 having black color are used as the particles constituting BM 12, components that do not pass through BM 12 are easily absorbed by carbon black particles 31.
- the multilayer substrate of the second embodiment even when a black matrix including carbon black particles having a refractive index significantly different from the refractive index of the glass substrate is formed on the glass substrate, the multilayer substrate is formed. A region in which the refractive index changes intermittently is not formed in the substrate, and as a result, a multilayer substrate with reduced light reflectance is obtained. Note that the configuration of the second embodiment has one feature in that a region in which the refractive index is continuously changed by two layers is manufactured.
- Embodiment 3 is a multilayer substrate that can be used as a color filter substrate included in a liquid crystal display device. Moreover, the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 3 is the second multilayer substrate of the present invention.
- the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 3 has a polarizing plate, a glass substrate, a moth-eye film, an intermediate resin layer, a color filter, a black matrix (BM), and a common electrode.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram in which glass substrate, moth-eye film, intermediate resin layer, and black matrix portions of the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 3 are extracted, and the arrangement configuration of the glass substrate, moth-eye film, intermediate resin layer, and black matrix; These refractive index distributions are shown.
- the moth-eye film 13 corresponds to the fourth layer of the present invention
- the intermediate resin layer 14 corresponds to the fifth layer of the present invention.
- the moth-eye film 13 is made of an acrylic UV curable resin for forming a nanoimprint.
- the intermediate resin layer 14 is made of a sulfur-containing or halogen-containing UV curable resin, and can be produced by, for example, a spin coating method and a photolithography method.
- BM12 is comprised including the carbon black particle
- the refractive index of glass is about 1.5
- the refractive index of a sulfur-containing or halogen-containing UV curable resin is about 1.8.
- the refractive index of the binder resin is about 1.5
- the refractive index of the carbon black particles is about 2.0.
- the carbon black particles included in the BM12 are uniformly distributed in the layers constituting the BM12. Therefore, when viewed as the BM 12 as a whole, the refractive index is about 1.8 obtained by averaging the binder resin and the carbon black particles.
- the same materials as those shown in Embodiment 1 can be used.
- a UV curable resin for example, a single or composite using a high refractive index UV resin containing sulfur or halogen is used Materials for optical use including a polymer of the system). Specifically, a material containing a copolymer of sulfur-containing (meth) acrylate and isobornyl (meth) acrylate can be mentioned.
- intermediate resin layer examples include resins containing a high refractive index film-forming coating solution TI-44 (manufactured by Rasa Industrial Co., Ltd.) such as an organic-inorganic nanocomposite (TiO 2 fine particle dispersed) resin. Materials.
- a moth-eye film 13 is disposed between the glass substrate 11 and the intermediate resin layer 14.
- a plurality of convex portions having a width between adjacent vertices having a visible light wavelength or less are formed.
- Each convex part has a structure in which the refractive index continuously increases from the tip toward the bottom.
- the intermediate resin layer 14 has a recess having a symmetrical structure with the protrusion of the moth-eye film 13. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 21, the area where the moth-eye film and the intermediate resin layer 14 are engaged is an area where the refractive index is continuously increased.
- the refractive index of the glass substrate 11 is about 1.5, the refractive index of the moth-eye film 13 is about 1.5, the refractive index of the intermediate resin layer 14 is about 1.8, and the refractive index of the BM 12 is about 1 .8.
- the glass substrate 11 to the BM 12 are configured so that there is no intermittent refractive index change.
- Embodiment 3 since carbon black particles having a black color are used as the particles constituting the BM 12, components that do not pass through the BM 12 are easily absorbed by the carbon black particles.
- Embodiment 4 is a multilayer substrate that can be used as a color filter substrate included in a liquid crystal display device. Moreover, the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 4 is the first multilayer substrate and the third multilayer substrate of the present invention.
- the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 4 has a polarizing plate, a glass substrate, an intermediate layer, a color filter, a black matrix (BM), and a common electrode.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram in which glass substrate, intermediate layer, and black matrix portions of the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 4 are extracted, and the arrangement configuration of the glass substrate, the moth-eye film, the intermediate layer, and the black matrix, and their refractive indexes. Distribution is shown.
- the glass substrate 11 corresponds to the first layer of the present invention
- the intermediate layer 25 corresponds to the second layer of the present invention
- the BM 12 corresponds to the third layer of the present invention.
- the glass substrate 11 corresponds to the sixth layer of the present invention
- the intermediate layer 25 corresponds to the intermediate layer of the present invention
- the BM 12 corresponds to the seventh layer of the present invention.
- the intermediate layer 25 includes transparent particles 33 having a refractive index different from that of the glass substrate 11, and a binder resin (medium) 32 including the transparent particles 33.
- the refractive index of the glass substrate 11 is about 1.5
- the refractive index of the binder resin is about 1.5
- the refractive index of the transparent particles is about 1.8
- the carbon black particles contained in the BM 12 are about 2. 0.
- the carbon black particles are uniformly distributed in the layer constituting the BM12. Therefore, when viewed as the BM 12 as a whole, the refractive index is about 1.8 obtained by averaging the binder resin and the carbon black particles.
- Examples of the material for such transparent particles include acrylic resins.
- the particle size of the transparent particles is about 100 nm or less.
- the binder resin 32 has nanoparticles 34 having a particle size equal to or smaller than the visible light wavelength in addition to the transparent particles 33.
- the nano-particle 34 the thing similar to Embodiment 2 can be used.
- the refractive index in the intermediate layer 25 can be optically averaged, and the intermediate layer 25 having a refractive index distribution with a more uniform inclination is formed. Will be able to.
- an intermediate layer 25 is disposed between the glass substrate 11 and the BM 12. Further, the transparent particles 33 included in the intermediate layer 25 have a higher distribution in the intermediate layer 25 at positions farther away from the glass substrate 11. Therefore, the concentration of the transparent particles 33 in the intermediate layer 25 increases continuously as the distance from the glass substrate 11 increases. As a result, as shown in FIG. As the distance from the glass substrate 11 increases, that is, in a direction opposite to the glass substrate 11, the number increases continuously. Specifically, the refractive index of the binder resin 32 is about 1.5, which is the same as the refractive index of the glass substrate 11, and the refractive index of the transparent particles 33 is based on the refractive index of the glass substrate 11 and the refractive index of the binder resin 32.
- the refractive index of the intermediate layer 25 is adjacent to the intermediate layer 25 of the glass substrate 11 from the interface adjacent to the glass substrate 11 of the intermediate layer 25 to the interface adjacent to the BM 12 of the intermediate layer 25. This is because the value of the refractive index at the interface is the starting point, and the value of the refractive index at the interface adjacent to the BM 12 of the intermediate layer 25 is the end point.
- the refractive index of the intermediate layer 25 continuously changes so as to connect the refractive index of the glass substrate 11 and the refractive index of the BM 12.
- the refractive index of the intermediate layer 25 continuously changes so as to connect the refractive index of the glass substrate 11 and the refractive index of the BM 12.
- the configuration of the multilayer substrate of the fourth embodiment even when a BM having a refractive index significantly different from the refractive index of the glass substrate is formed on the glass substrate, the gap between the glass substrate and the BM. Since the intermediate layer connecting these refractive indexes is arranged in the multilayer substrate, there is no region where the refractive index changes intermittently in the multilayer substrate, and as a result, a multilayer substrate with reduced light reflectance is obtained. Will be. Note that the configuration of the fourth embodiment also has one feature in that a region in which the refractive index is continuously changed is formed by three layers.
- the fifth embodiment is a multilayer substrate that can be used as a color filter substrate included in a liquid crystal display device.
- the multilayer substrate of the fifth embodiment has a configuration in which a low reflection layer is further arranged on the surface of the multilayer substrate of the first embodiment on the outside (observation surface side). That is, the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 5 includes a low reflection layer, a polarizing plate, a glass substrate, a color filter layer, a black matrix, and a common electrode.
- the low reflection layer used in the fifth embodiment for example, LR (Low Reflection) that reduces reflectance by causing the light reflected on the surface of the multilayer substrate and the light reflected on the surface of the low reflection layer to interfere with each other and cancel each other.
- the AGLR film having both of the above features, and as described above, a plurality of convex portions having a width between adjacent vertices having a visible light wavelength or less are formed, and the multilayer substrate has an interface adjacent to the external environment (air).
- a moth-eye film that makes the refractive index change pseudo-continuous and transmits almost all of the light regardless of the refractive index interface.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram in which the moth-eye film (low reflection layer), glass substrate, moth-eye film, and black matrix of the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 5 are extracted, and the moth-eye film (low reflection layer), glass substrate, moth-eye film, and black are extracted.
- the arrangement configuration of the matrix and the refractive index distribution including the outside (air) are shown.
- the moth-eye film 13 corresponds to the fourth layer of the present invention
- the black matrix (BM) corresponds to the fifth layer of the present invention.
- the moth-eye film 15 disposed on the surface opposite to the moth-eye film 13 side of the glass substrate 11 is made of an acrylic UV resin for nanoimprint formation.
- BM12 is comprised including the carbon black particle
- the refractive index of glass is about 1.5
- the refractive index of acrylic UV resin for nanoimprint formation is about 1.5
- the refractive index of binder resin is about 1.5
- a moth-eye film 15 is disposed between the glass substrate 11 and the outside (air) 10.
- the configuration and manufacturing method of the moth-eye film are the same as those shown in the first embodiment.
- a moth-eye film 13 is disposed between the glass substrate 11 and the BM 12.
- a plurality of convex portions having a width between adjacent vertices having a wavelength equal to or smaller than the visible light wavelength are formed, and a concavo-convex structure (moth-eye structure) having a minute period is formed.
- Each of these convex portions (unit structure of moth-eye structure) has a structure in which the refractive index continuously increases from the tip toward the bottom.
- the BM 12 is formed so as to be filled between the plurality of convex portions of the moth-eye film 13, and therefore the BM 12 has a symmetric structure with the moth-eye structure. More specifically, a plurality of concave portions having a symmetric structure with the convex portions of the moth-eye film 13 are formed on the surface of the BM 12 on the moth-eye film 13 side.
- the region where the convex portion of the moth-eye film 13 and the concave portion of the BM 12 are engaged is a region where two layers having different refractive indexes are combined, and as the thickness of the region increases, the convex portion of the moth-eye film 13 and the BM 12
- the volume ratio with respect to the recesses regularly varies. Moreover, since the width
- the refractive index of the air layer is about 1.0, the refractive index of the moth-eye film is about 1.5, and the refractive index is about 1.0 to about 1 in the region where the air layer and the convex part of the moth-eye film are engaged. .5 has changed.
- the refractive index of the moth-eye film is about 1.5, the refractive index of the BM 12 is about 1.8, and the refractive index is about 1.5 in the region where the convex part of the moth-eye film 13 and the concave part of the BM 12 are engaged. It has changed from about 1.8 to about 1.8. Therefore, when viewed as the entire multilayer substrate of the fifth embodiment, the air layer 10 to the BM 12 have a configuration in which there is no intermittent refractive index change.
- the configuration of the multilayer substrate of the fifth embodiment light is transmitted as it is through the air layer 10, the moth-eye film 15, the glass substrate 11, the moth-eye film 13, and the BM 12, thereby obtaining the effect of reducing the reflectance. be able to.
- carbon black particles having a black color are used as the particles constituting the BM 12, and therefore components that do not pass through the BM 12 are easily absorbed by the carbon black particles.
- Embodiment 6 is a multilayer substrate that can be used as a color filter substrate included in a liquid crystal display device. Moreover, the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 6 is the second multilayer substrate of the present invention.
- the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 6 has a moth-eye film (low reflection layer), a polarizing plate, a glass substrate, a moth-eye film, a color filter layer, an intermediate resin layer, a black matrix, and a common electrode.
- FIG. 24 shows an arrangement configuration of the moth-eye film (low reflection layer), glass substrate, moth-eye film, color filter layer, intermediate resin layer, and black matrix of the multilayer substrate of Embodiment 6.
- the moth-eye film 13 corresponds to the fourth layer of the present invention
- the color filter layer 41 and the intermediate resin layer 14 correspond to the fifth layer.
- a binder resin in which a pigment having a desired color is dispersed or a dye having a desired color added thereto can be used.
- the moth-eye film 15 located on the opposite side of the glass substrate 11 from the BM 12 side the same one as shown in the fifth embodiment can be used.
- the intermediate resin layer 14 is preferably patterned together with the BM 12 from the viewpoint of manufacturing efficiency.
- the moth-eye film 13 is disposed between the glass substrate 11 and the intermediate resin layer 14.
- a plurality of convex portions having a width between adjacent vertices having a visible light wavelength or less are formed.
- Each convex part has a structure in which the refractive index continuously increases from the tip toward the bottom.
- the intermediate resin layer 14 and the color filter layer 41 have a concave portion having a symmetric structure with the convex portion of the moth-eye film 13.
- the refractive index continuously increases in the area where the convex part of the moth-eye film and the concave part of the intermediate resin layer 14 are engaged, and in the area where the convex part of the moth-eye film and the concave part of the color filter layer 41 are engaged. It becomes an area.
- the refractive index of the glass substrate 11 is about 1.5
- the refractive index of the moth-eye film 13 is about 1.5
- the refractive index of the intermediate resin layer 14 is about 1.8
- the refractive index of the color filter layer 41 Is about 1.8
- the refractive index of BM12 is about 1.8.
- the refractive index changes from about 1.5 to about 1.8 in the region where the convex portion of the moth-eye film 13 and the concave portion of the intermediate resin layer 14 are engaged, and the convex portion of the moth-eye film 13 and the color filter layer Since the refractive index changes from about 1.5 to about 1.8 in the region where the concave portion 41 is engaged, the glass substrate 11 to the BM 12 are intermediate resin layers when viewed as the entire multilayer substrate of the sixth embodiment. 14 and the region overlapping with the color filter layer 41 are configured such that there is no intermittent change in the refractive index.
- the configuration of the multilayer substrate of the sixth embodiment light is transmitted as it is through the glass substrate 11, the moth-eye film 13, the intermediate resin layer 14, and the BM 12, and the glass substrate 11, the moth-eye film 13, the color filter layer. 41 and BM 12 are transmitted as they are, so that the effect of reducing the reflectance can be obtained in a wide range.
- the freedom degree such as adjustment of the thickness of BM12 and selection of a manufacturing method, improves.
- Embodiment 6 carbon black particles having a black color are used as the particles constituting the BM 12, and therefore components that do not pass through the BM 12 are easily absorbed by the carbon black particles.
- Comparative form 1 In order to compare the multilayer substrate of the present invention with the conventional multilayer substrate, the conventional multilayer substrate will be described in detail below as the multilayer substrate of Comparative Example 1.
- the multilayer substrate of Comparative Example 1 is used as a color filter substrate.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram in which the glass substrate, the transparent inorganic thin film, and the black matrix of the multilayer substrate of Comparative Example 1 are extracted, the arrangement configuration of the glass substrate, the transparent inorganic thin film, and the black matrix, and the external environment (air).
- the refractive index distribution including is shown.
- the multilayer substrate of Comparative Example 1 has a configuration in which a glass substrate 11, a transparent inorganic thin film 51, and a black matrix (BM) 52 are laminated in this order, and is opposite to the BM 52 side of the glass substrate 11.
- the side surface is adjacent to the outside world (air) 10.
- the transparent inorganic thin film 51 is made of titanium oxide (TiO)
- the BM 52 is made of chromium (Cr).
- the refractive index of the external environment (air) 10 is about 1.0
- the refractive index of the glass substrate 11 is about 1.5
- the refractive index of the transparent inorganic thin film 51 is about 2.35.
- the refractive index of BM52 is about 3.08.
- Embodiment 7 is a liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of the seventh embodiment.
- the liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment includes a color filter substrate (multilayer substrate) 21, a liquid crystal layer 22, and an array substrate (counter substrate) 23 from the observation surface side (display screen side) toward the back surface side.
- the liquid crystal material included in the liquid crystal layer 22 is not particularly limited, and the alignment mode of the liquid crystal is also a twisted nematic (TN) mode, a vertical alignment (VA) mode, in-plane switching (IPS: In-plane). There are no particular restrictions on the switching mode.
- TN twisted nematic
- VA vertical alignment
- IPS in-plane switching
- the color filter substrate 21 includes a glass substrate 11, and includes a color filter layer 41 and a BM 12 on the liquid crystal layer 22 side of both surfaces of the glass substrate 11.
- Examples of the color filter layer 41 include a combination of three colors of a red color filter layer 41R, a green color filter layer 41G, and a blue color filter layer 41B.
- the color filter layers include yellow, cyan, and the like. , Magenta may be used, or a combination of four or more colors may be used.
- the BM 12 is disposed between the color filter layers 41R, 41G, and 41B.
- a common electrode 17 made of a metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is formed on the color filter layer 41 and the BM 12.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- the common electrode 17 can be formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, or the like.
- an alignment film on the common electrode 17 the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules can be controlled.
- the color filter substrate 21 includes a polarizing plate 16 on the opposite surface of the glass substrate 11 to the liquid crystal layer.
- the polarizing plate 16 is a linear polarizing plate, and as its configuration, for example, an iodine complex, a dichroic dye, or the like is adsorbed on a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA: Poly Vinyl Alcohol) film stretched in one direction.
- PVA Poly Vinyl Alcohol
- affixed protective films such as a TAC (Tri Acetyl Cellulose: triacetylcellulose) film, on both surfaces can be used.
- a retardation plate such as a ⁇ / 4 plate or a ⁇ / 2 plate is not attached to the surface of the polarizing plate 16 on the liquid crystal layer 22 side.
- the array substrate 23 is a substrate provided with wirings, electrodes, semiconductor elements, and the like for controlling the orientation of liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal layer 22.
- a control method for example, an active matrix method and a passive matrix are used. A method is mentioned.
- FIG. 27 is a schematic plan view of an active matrix array substrate included in the liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment.
- the active matrix array substrate 23 a plurality of gate wirings 71 and storage capacitor (CS) wirings 73, and gate wirings 71 and storage capacitor (CS) wirings 73 that extend in parallel with each other intersect on the glass substrate.
- CS storage capacitor
- CS storage capacitor
- a plurality of source lines 72 extending in parallel with each other.
- a thin film transistor (TFT) 73 is disposed as a semiconductor element at each intersection of the gate wiring 71 and the source wiring 72.
- the schematic plan view shown in FIG. 27 represents one pixel composed of three sub-pixels of red, green, and blue.
- a region surrounded by the gate wiring 71 and the source wiring 72 corresponds to one subpixel, and two pixel electrodes 65 and two TFTs 63 are arranged for each subpixel. Since one pixel electrode 65 is controlled by one TFT 63, one sub-pixel is divided into a plurality of regions. Thereby, more precise display control is possible.
- the sub-pixels constituting one pixel may be three colors including yellow, cyan, and magenta, or may be four or more colors including any of these.
- the CS wiring 73 is disposed across the center of the sub-pixel and is formed wide at the center of the sub-pixel.
- the TFT 73 is a three-terminal field effect transistor, and has three electrodes of a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode in addition to the semiconductor layer.
- the gate electrode is connected to the gate wiring 71
- the source electrode is connected to the source wiring 72.
- a wiring 74 (hereinafter also referred to as a drain lead wiring) 74 extending from the drain electrode toward the center of the subpixel is formed.
- the drain lead wiring 74 extends in a region overlapping with the CS wiring 73.
- a certain amount of storage capacitance can be formed with the CS wiring 73 that has a larger area and overlaps with the insulating film interposed therebetween.
- the pixel electrode 65 is connected to the drain electrode of the TFT 63 through a contact portion 66 provided in the insulating film, and the liquid crystal application voltage is controlled on and off in units of the pixel electrode 65. Note that these wirings and electrodes are separated from each other through an insulating film as necessary.
- the array substrate 23 includes a glass substrate 61, and further includes TFTs 63 and wirings 62 on the glass substrate 61 on the liquid crystal layer side.
- the wiring 62 in FIG. 26 means a gate wiring, a source wiring, a CS wiring, or the like.
- the TFT 63 includes a gate electrode 63a, a semiconductor layer 63d arranged in a layer different from the layer where the gate electrode 63a is located via the gate insulating film 64, a source electrode 63b, and a drain electrode 63c.
- the source electrode 63b and the drain electrode 63c are directly electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 63d, respectively.
- the pixel electrode 65 and the TFT 63 are provided in different layers via an insulating film 67, and are electrically connected to each other via a contact portion 66 provided in the insulating film 67.
- the array substrate 23 includes a polarizing plate 68 on the surface opposite to the liquid crystal layer of the glass substrate.
- the polarizing plate 68 included in the array substrate 23 can be the same as the polarizing plate 16 included in the color filter substrate 21, but the polarizing axis of the polarizing plate 68 included in the array substrate 23 is the polarization included in the color filter substrate 21. It arrange
- the liquid crystal display device is suitably used for a mode having a low reflection layer such as a moth-eye film on the outermost surface and a mode of a linear polarization mode in which linearly polarized light is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer. If a low-reflection layer is formed on the outermost surface, the influence of internal reflection becomes conspicuous. Therefore, such measures for reducing internal reflection are effective, and in the case of the linear polarization mode, the internal reflection factor becomes large. Therefore, it is effective and a high contrast can be obtained as compared with the circular polarization mode.
- a low reflection layer such as a moth-eye film
- a linear polarization mode in which linearly polarized light is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer.
- the internal reflection in the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 7 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the internal reflection here refers to reflection in the liquid crystal display panel of light incident from the outside through the display screen of the liquid crystal display device, that is, the surface on the outside of the color filter substrate 21, that is, outside of the color filter substrate 21.
- This refers to reflection on the color filter substrate 21 excluding the surface on the side and reflection on the array substrate 23.
- the reflection that occurs at the boundary between the outside and the color filter substrate 21 is surface reflection, and is distinguished from internal reflection. Further, the reflection due to the liquid crystal layer 22 is hardly seen.
- surface reflection means reflection that occurs at the boundary between air and a polarizing plate (TAC film), and when an antireflection film is disposed on the surface of the TAC film, And reflection occurring at the boundary between the antireflection film (LR film, AR film, AGLR film, moth-eye film, etc.).
- the reflection caused by the structure of the color filter substrate 21 is a reflection occurring at the boundary between the glass substrate 11 and the BM 12, a reflection occurring at the boundary between the glass substrate 11 and the color filter 41, and a boundary surface between the BM 12 and the common electrode 17. Examples thereof include reflection and reflection occurring at the boundary surface between the color filter 41 and the common electrode 17.
- a light-transmitting metal oxide film such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide) is preferably used. Depending on the angle, the reflectance may be high.
- the material of the color filter 41 include resins colored with dyes or pigments such as red, green, and blue.
- Examples of the material of BM12 include a resin colored with a black dye or pigment, a black metal, and the like.
- the reflection caused by the structure of the array substrate 23 includes reflection that occurs on the surfaces of the gate signal line 71, the source signal line 72, the storage capacitor (CS) wiring 73, and the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode of the TFT 63. It is done.
- a low resistance metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), etc. From the point of view, such a material has a high reflectivity.
- the pixel electrode is preferably a light-transmitting metal oxide film such as ITO or IZO. However, depending on the incident angle of external light, the pixel electrode may have a high reflectance.
- Examples of the method for measuring the reflectance caused by internal reflection include (1) a method using a spectrocolorimeter and (2) a method using a spectroscopic microscope.
- Examples of the method using a spectrocolorimeter include a method of measuring reflectance using CMI-2002 (manufactured by Konica Minolta). Specifically, first, a sample a having a linear polarizing plate attached on both sides of a glass substrate is prepared.
- the linearly polarizing plate is composed of a PVA film dyed with iodine as a polarizer and a TAC film that is on both the front and back surfaces of the PVA film and protects it. Therefore, at least one of the TAC films is arranged on the outside side of the PVA film.
- Each of the linear polarizing plates is adjusted to have a crossed Nicols relationship in which the polarization axes are orthogonal to each other.
- the refractive index of the polarizer and the refractive index of the TAC film are both the same at 1.5.
- Sample a has no refractive index discontinuous surface, does not contain a structure caused by internal reflection, and has polarizing plates under crossed Nicols conditions, so it passes through the polarizing plate attached to the surface of the glass substrate. Then, the light that enters the sample a is absorbed by the polarizing plate attached to the back surface of the glass substrate. Therefore, the value obtained by measuring the sample a with the spectrocolorimeter represents the reflectance of light at the interface between the linear polarizing plate (TAC film) of the sample a and air, that is, the surface reflectance of the sample a. become.
- TAC film linear polarizing plate
- the linear polarizing plate included in the color filter substrate and the linear polarizing plate included in the array substrate are all the same linear polarizing plates as used in sample a.
- the total of the surface reflectance and the internal reflectance due to the structure of the sample b can be measured, so the measurement result of the sample a from the value obtained from the measurement result of the sample b
- the internal reflectance of the sample b can be measured. In this case, it is impossible to specify which member the reflection is from.
- the above-mentioned CMI-2002 includes an SCI (Special Component Included) mode in which specular reflection light and diffuse reflection light are observed with an integrating sphere, and an SCE (Special Component Exclude) mode in which only diffuse reflection light is observed with an integrating sphere. .
- SCI Specific Component Included
- SCE Specific Component Exclude
- FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing how the reflected light in the SCI mode is measured.
- FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram showing a state of measurement of reflected light in the SCE mode.
- the light source 81, the measurement sample 82, the integrating sphere 83 arranged to cover the surface of the measurement sample 82, and the reflected light are received.
- a light receiving unit 84 is prepared.
- the light receiving unit 84 is disposed at a position that is at an angle of 8 ° with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the measurement sample 82.
- a white paint (for example, barium sulfate) is applied to the inner surface of the integrating sphere 83 so that the light reaching the surface of the integrating sphere 83 is almost completely diffusely reflected.
- the light emitted from the light source 81 and entering the integrating sphere 83 is diffusely reflected on the surface of the integrating sphere 83, and as a result, diffused light falls from all angles with respect to the surface of the measurement sample 82. Become.
- the light receiving unit 84 measures all of the regular reflection light and diffuse reflection light reflected by the surface of the measurement sample 82.
- the integrating sphere 83 has an optical trap unit 85 at a position symmetrical to the light receiving unit 84 with the normal of the surface of the measurement sample 82 as the axis of symmetry. The light that has entered the trap portion 85 passes through the integrating sphere 83 as it is. Therefore, the light receiving unit 84 measures the remaining diffusely reflected light excluding the regular reflected light out of the reflected light reflected from the surface of the measurement sample 82.
- the internal reflectance described here refers to the sum of regular reflectance and diffuse reflectance.
- the structure based on the reflection of the display device is not necessarily a mirror surface.
- a thin film circuit is provided inside the display device.
- the wiring surface of this thin film circuit is not necessarily flat.
- the internal reflectance includes not only regular reflection but also diffuse reflectance.
- the reflectance is measured using CMI-2002, only the measurement result in the SCI mode may be used.
- the measured value includes the internal structure of the display device, including all reflections from various components, including surface reflection. It will be.
- the regular reflectance can be obtained by subtracting the SCE mode measurement value (diffuse reflectance) from the SCI mode measurement value (regular reflectance + diffuse reflectance). In this case, it is necessary to measure the sample a and the sample b using the CMI-2002, and the sample a and the sample b in both the SCI mode and the SCE mode.
- the reflectance corresponds to the Y value of tristimulus values based on the XYZ color system, that is, the Y value measured by CMI-2002.
- FIG. 30 is a schematic plan view of a pixel unit when the liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 7 is observed using a spectroscopic microscope, and represents one pixel composed of three sub-pixels of red, green, and blue.
- each member can be observed in detail as shown in FIG. 30, and the reflectance of the observed portion can be measured. Moreover, the reflectance of the in-focus portion can be measured. Therefore, the spectroscopic microscope is advantageous in that the reflectance measurement of the CMI-2002 as a whole can be measured in detail on a component basis and the measurement of the CMI-2002 can be verified. Further, according to the spectroscopic microscope, it is not necessary to measure the surface reflectance. However, the measurement with the spectroscopic microscope is the measurement of the specular reflection component.
- the configuration of the portion that becomes internal reflection when the liquid crystal display panel of Embodiment 7 is measured with a spectroscopic microscope includes the gate wiring 71, the source wiring 72, the CS wiring 73, the drain lead-out wiring 74, the contact portion 66, the pixel electrode 65, and the BM12. It is. Then, all of the individual reflectances of these members multiplied by (multiplied by) the area ratio S are added together, and the total value obtained is multiplied by the transmittance Tp of the linearly polarizing plates arranged in parallel Nicols. By (multiplying), the total value of internal reflection can be obtained.
- the value thus obtained is a value of specular reflection light and corresponds to a value obtained by subtracting the measured value of the SCE mode from the measured value of the SCI mode of the above-mentioned CMI-2002.
- Table 2 summarizes the elements used for measuring internal reflection.
- S1 to S5 mean area ratios in the entire area where the reflection of the wiring and the electrodes occurs.
- the size of the contrast ratio in a display device is important for improving display quality from the viewpoint of image clarity.
- the larger the contrast ratio the clearer the image.
- the contrast ratio is calculated from “the luminance value when the display is ON (white display) / the luminance value when the display is OFF (black display)”.
- the contrast of the display The magnitude of the ratio depends greatly on the surrounding brightness. Specifically, the brighter the surrounding brightness, the lower the contrast ratio.
- the display device structure Even if the ambient brightness is the same, if the display device structure is different, the amount of light reflection due to the display device structure is also different, and the light reflection amount due to the display device structure is different from the display region. Affects the contrast ratio. Specifically, the greater the amount of light reflected due to the structure of the display device, the more reflected light is emitted from the display screen, and the contrast ratio is further reduced.
- the liquid crystal display devices A to I having different internal reflectance, surface reflectance, and contrast ratio when the ambient brightness is 0 Lx (hereinafter also referred to as dark place contrast ratio) are simulated.
- the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device was evaluated.
- the 31 to 37 show the relationship between the ambient brightness (Lx) and the contrast ratio in the liquid crystal display device when the internal reflectance and the surface reflectance are set to different values in the liquid crystal display devices A to I, respectively. It is a graph which shows.
- the horizontal axis represents ambient brightness, and the vertical axis represents the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device.
- the brightness of general living room lighting is 100 to 200 Lx, 1000 Lx at the window on a cloudy day, and about 2000 Lx at the window on a sunny day. More specifically, it is 50 Lx in a dark living room, 100 Lx in a normal living room, and 200 Lx in a bright living room.
- a curve A ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 31 shows the brightness (Lx) and contrast ratio of a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device A) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 1.5%.
- FIG. 31 is a graph showing the relationship with size
- a curve B ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 31 is around a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device B) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 0.2%. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the brightness (Lx) and the magnitude
- the brightness around the display device is assumed to be an average reflectance environment, and more specifically, the periphery of the display device is surrounded by a completely diffusing wall having a uniform reflectance.
- a light source such as an illumination is on the upper side, and the display device is installed so as to be substantially perpendicular to the floor.
- the surrounding wall appears on the display surface of the display device at a certain brightness
- the illuminance of the display surface is measured in this state, and this is displayed by multiplying the reflectance by adding the surface reflectance and the internal reflectance.
- the black luminance when there is no external light the luminance obtained from the contrast when there is no external light (0Lx)
- this reflected light is used as the black luminance in the ambient light
- the white display The contrast with the brightness of the ambient light is obtained by taking a ratio with the luminance.
- the liquid crystal display device A and the liquid crystal display device B have the same internal structure, that is, the configuration of the color filter substrate, the liquid crystal layer, and the array substrate in the liquid crystal display device, but the surface structures are different.
- the surface of the color filter substrate included in the liquid crystal display device A is configured with an LR (low reflection coating) film, whereas the surface of the color filter substrate included in the liquid crystal display device B is configured with a moth-eye film.
- both the liquid crystal display device A and the liquid crystal display device B have a smaller contrast ratio as the ambient brightness increases. Since the liquid crystal display device B has a lower surface reflectance than the liquid crystal display device A, the contrast ratio is slightly improved, but no significant difference is observed. In the liquid crystal display device A, the contrast ratio decreases to 1000 when the brightness of a general living room is 100 Lx. Similarly, in the liquid crystal display device B, the contrast ratio decreases to 1000 when the brightness is 100 Lx. is doing.
- a curve A ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 32 shows the brightness (Lx) of the ambient light and the contrast ratio of a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device A) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 1.5%.
- a curve C ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 32 shows a relationship between the liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device C) having an internal reflectance of 1.0% and a surface reflectance of 0.2%. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the brightness (Lx) of ambient light, and the magnitude
- the liquid crystal display device A and the liquid crystal display device C are different not only in the surface structure but also in the internal structure.
- the surface of the color filter substrate included in the liquid crystal display device A is configured with an LR film (low reflection coating), whereas the surface of the color filter substrate included in the liquid crystal display device C is configured with a moth-eye film.
- the liquid crystal display device C is improved not only in the surface reflectance but also in the internal reflectance, so that the contrast ratio is greatly improved.
- the contrast ratio decreases to 1000 when it is 100 Lx, but in the liquid crystal display device C, the contrast ratio does not decrease to 1000 when it is 100 Lx.
- the liquid crystal display device C has a contrast ratio of about 1.5 times that of the liquid crystal display device A, and at 1000 Lx, the liquid crystal display device C has a contrast ratio of about three times that of the liquid crystal display device A. is doing.
- Each of the liquid crystal display devices A to C has a white luminance of 500 cd / cm 2 and is a liquid crystal display device used in a standard liquid crystal TV.
- the liquid crystal display devices A to C all have a dark place contrast ratio of about 5000.
- the dark space contrast ratio of a standard liquid crystal TV is 3000 to 5000. Also, the dark place contrast ratio is determined by the amount of light leaked during black display, and the difference in the reflectivity of the internal structure does not have a significant effect.
- a curve D ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 33 shows the brightness (Lx) and contrast ratio of the surroundings of a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device D) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 1.5%.
- FIG. 33 is a graph showing the relationship with size, and a curve E ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 33 is around a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device E) having an internal reflectance of 1.0% and a surface reflectance of 0.2%. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the brightness (Lx) and the magnitude
- the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device D is 8000, and the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device E is 3000.
- a curve D ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 34 shows the brightness (Lx) and contrast ratio of a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device D) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 1.5%.
- 34 is a graph showing the relationship with the size, and a curve F ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 34 is around a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device F) having an internal reflectance of 0.5% and a surface reflectance of 0.2%. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the brightness (Lx) and the magnitude
- the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device D is 8000, and the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device F is 3000.
- the surface of the color filter substrate included in the liquid crystal display device D is formed of an LR film (low reflection coating), whereas the surface of the color filter substrate included in the liquid crystal display devices E and F is a moth-eye film. It consists of
- the liquid crystal display devices E and F in which both the internal reflectance and the surface reflectance are reduced have a lower dark place contrast ratio than the liquid crystal display device D. Nevertheless, it can be seen that the contrast ratio is more excellent at 100 to 200 Lx, which is a general living brightness. For this reason, in actual use, the reflection of light based on the structure of the liquid crystal display panel has a large effect on the display, and in order to obtain an excellent display quality, not only the improvement of the contrast ratio in the dark place, It is important to suppress the reflectance of light based on the structure of the liquid crystal display panel.
- the improvement in the contrast ratio in the dark represents the characteristics of the liquid crystal display panel from the viewpoint of suppressing the leakage light of the backlight, and the contrast ratio in the dark and the contrast ratio in the dark are improved. It can be said that the evaluation axis is different from improvement.
- the liquid crystal display device D does not have a contrast ratio of less than 1000 when used under an ambient environment 100Lx that is a general living room.
- the liquid crystal display device E has a size sufficiently exceeding the contrast ratio 1000
- the liquid crystal display device F has a size significantly exceeding the contrast ratio 1000.
- a contrast ratio of 1000 indicates that the reflection of ambient light is 0.1% of the brightness of the screen.
- the liquid crystal display device has an excellent contrast ratio. Therefore, assuming that the contrast ratio is 1000, the liquid crystal display device E has a contrast ratio exceeding 1000 in the range of 100 to 200 Lx in the ambient brightness, and has sufficient contrast in a general living room. It can be seen that it has a ratio. Further, the liquid crystal display device F has a contrast ratio exceeding 1000 when the ambient brightness is in the range of 100 to 500 Lx, and can maintain a sufficient contrast ratio even in a brighter environment than a general living room. Recognize. In general, the living room can be 100 Lx or more in a room where the field is sunny or in the environment where the morning sun is inserted, even if it is not illuminated.
- a curve D ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 35 shows the brightness (Lx) and contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device D) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 1.5%.
- 35 is a graph showing the relationship with the size, and a curve G ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 35 is around a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device G) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 1.5%. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the brightness (Lx) and the magnitude
- the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device D is 8000, and the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device G is 3000.
- the liquid crystal display device D and the liquid crystal display device G both have the same internal reflectance and surface reflectance, and differ only in the dark place contrast ratio.
- the liquid crystal display device D having a higher dark place contrast ratio maintains a higher contrast ratio than the liquid crystal display device G under an environment where the surroundings are dark (1 to 50 Lx).
- 100 Lx which is the brightness of a general living room
- both the liquid crystal display devices D and G have a contrast ratio of 1000, and in a brighter environment of 100 Lx or more, the liquid crystal display device D and the liquid crystal display It was found that the device G exhibited substantially similar contrast characteristics. From this, it was found that the improvement of the contrast ratio in the dark place is effective for dynamically expressing an image in a dark room, but is not particularly affected in an environment brighter than the living room.
- a curve D ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 36 shows the brightness (Lx) and contrast ratio of the surroundings of a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device D) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 1.5%.
- 36 is a graph showing the relationship with the size, and a curve H ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 36 is around a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device H) having an internal reflectance of 0.5% and a surface reflectance of 0.2%. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the brightness (Lx) and the magnitude
- the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device D is 8000
- the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device F is 8000.
- a curve D ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 37 shows the brightness (Lx) and contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device D) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 1.5%.
- 37 is a graph showing the relationship with the size, and a curve I ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 37 is around a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device I) having an internal reflectance of 1.0% and a surface reflectance of 0.2%. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the brightness (Lx) and the magnitude
- the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device G is 8000
- the dark place contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device I is 8000.
- the liquid crystal display device G, the liquid crystal display device H, and the liquid crystal display device I have the same dark place contrast ratio, the internal reflectance and the surface reflectance are different from each other. Further, the liquid crystal display device H and the liquid crystal display device I have the same surface reflectance but different internal reflectances. As can be seen from FIGS. 36 and 37, even when the dark place contrast ratio is the same, as the brightness is improved, the liquid crystal display device H and the liquid crystal display device I having lower internal reflectance and lower surface reflectance are: Compared to the liquid crystal display device G having higher internal reflectance and surface reflectance, a higher contrast ratio is maintained. Further, when the liquid crystal display device H and the liquid crystal display device I are compared, it can be seen that only the internal reflectance is improved by 0.5%, and the difference in suppression of the reduction in the contrast ratio appears.
- the contrast ratio under a 100 Lx environment is 1000, and the internal reflectance is 1.0%.
- the contrast ratio in a 100 Lx environment is 2000. Therefore, according to the liquid crystal display device H having an internal reflectance of 1.0%, the contrast ratio in a 100 Lx environment is doubled compared to the liquid crystal display device G having an internal reflectance of 2.0%. It turns out that it is improved. Also, according to the liquid crystal display device H, a contrast ratio of 1000 or more is ensured even in a 200 Lx environment, so that a dynamic image can be seen even in a bright living room, and the internal reflectance is 1.0%. It can be seen that a certain liquid crystal display device is particularly excellent.
- the contrast ratio in a 100 Lx environment is 3000. Therefore, according to the liquid crystal display device I having an internal reflectance of 0.5%, the contrast ratio in a 100 Lx environment is tripled compared to the liquid crystal display device G having an internal reflectance of 2.0%. It turns out that it is improved.
- a contrast ratio of 1000 can be obtained even in a 400 Lx environment corresponding to a bright office with many fluorescent lamps on the ceiling or a window where direct sunlight does not enter on a clear day. it can.
- the internal reflectance of the liquid crystal display device is suppressed to less than 1.0% regardless of the setting value of the contrast ratio in the dark place, so that it can be used in an environment of 100 to 200 Lx used in a normal living room. It can be seen that a contrast ratio of 1000 or more can be maintained, and a liquid crystal display device excellent in practicality can be obtained. In addition, by suppressing the internal reflectance of the liquid crystal display device to 0.5% or less, it is possible to maintain a contrast ratio of 1000 or more even in an environment of 200 to 500 Lx that is brighter than a normal living room. It can be seen that an excellent liquid crystal display device can be obtained. Note that each of the liquid crystal display devices has a white luminance of 500 cd / cm 2 and can be used for a standard liquid crystal TV.
- the liquid crystal display device is the same as the liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment except that the liquid crystal display device further includes means for dimming the intensity of the backlight for each region in order to improve the contrast ratio.
- a backlight that is always lit is divided into areas (areas), a backlight brightness control circuit is provided separately, and a liquid crystal that adjusts the intensity of the backlight light for each area according to the image signal It is a display device. In this way, it is possible to increase the backlight brightness in bright image areas and sink the black image by decreasing the backlight brightness in dark image areas, thereby expanding the contrast range and making the image expression clearer. .
- FIG. 38 is a graph showing the relationship between the ambient brightness (Lx) and the contrast ratio when the internal reflectance and the surface reflectance are set to different values in the liquid crystal display device of the eighth embodiment.
- the curve J ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 38 shows the brightness (Lx) and contrast ratio of the surroundings of a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device J) having an internal reflectance of 2.0% and a surface reflectance of 1.5%.
- 39 is a graph showing the relationship with the size
- a curve K ( ⁇ ) shown in FIG. 38 is around a liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display device K) having an internal reflectance of 0.5% and a surface reflectance of 0.2%. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the brightness (Lx) and the magnitude
- Each of the liquid crystal display device J and the liquid crystal display device K includes a means for dimming the backlight light, and the dark place contrast ratio is 1000000.
- the surface of the color filter substrate included in the liquid crystal display device J is configured with an LR film (low reflection coating), whereas the surface of the color filter substrate included in the liquid crystal display device K is configured with a moth-eye film.
- a contrast ratio of 100 or more can be ensured even under an environment of 1000 Lx.
- the liquid crystal display device K it corresponds to the cloudy or shaded field.
- a contrast ratio of 100 or more can be ensured even under an environment of 10,000 Lx.
- the liquid crystal display device K can be suitably used for an advertising medium of a show window that displays an advertisement outward.
- the dark place contrast ratio of 1000000 means a state when the backlight is turned off, and there is no leakage light in black display, so that the contrast ratio is practically impossible to measure. is there.
- the liquid crystal display device J and the liquid crystal display device K control ON and OFF for each divided area, and do not control ON and OFF for each pixel. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the contrast performance of the liquid crystal display panel in each divided area. For example, when expressing a dark scene of a movie in a dark environment, the contrast of the image is faithfully and consciously used. In order to express, it is necessary not only to improve the contrast ratio in the dark place but also to improve the contrast performance of the liquid crystal display device. Therefore, it can be said that the liquid crystal display device K with reduced internal reflectance is more suitable than the liquid crystal display device J for a liquid crystal display device that performs such area division.
- the liquid crystal display device according to the ninth embodiment is a liquid crystal display device including an array substrate in which wirings or electrodes are devised to prevent reflection.
- Examples of the reflection caused by the structure of the array substrate include reflection that occurs on the surface of a conductive layer such as a gate wiring, a source wiring, a storage capacitor (CS) wiring, and a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode of a TFT. It is done.
- the reflectivity can be reduced by devising the materials of these various wirings and the electrodes of the TFT.
- various wirings and electrodes of TFTs are metals such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), and titanium (Ti).
- a single substance or an alloy of these metals has been mainly used from the viewpoint of conductivity and reliability.
- copper (Cu) is changed to copper oxide (CuO)
- silver (Ag) is changed to silver oxide (Ag 2 O)
- tantalum (Ta) is changed to tantalum oxide (TaO, Ta 2 O 3 ) or tantalum nitride.
- liquid crystal display Since various materials and electrodes of black can be obtained by modifying materials such as (TaN), molybdenum (Mo) into molybdenum nitride (MoN), and titanium (Ni) into titanium nitride (TiN), liquid crystal display It becomes easy to absorb the light incident on the inside of the device, and the reflectance based on the liquid crystal display panel included in the liquid crystal display device can be suppressed. Even when a metal oxide is used in this way, the same conductivity and reliability as when a single metal is used can be obtained.
- Such a metal oxide can be easily manufactured by forming a metal material to be a conductive layer by a sputtering method and mixing it by sputtering with a desired introduction gas.
- a metal material For example, in copper (Cu), after forming a conductive layer of copper (Cu) as a desired thickness, oxygen is introduced into the gas, and sputtering is performed while reacting copper (Cu) and oxygen.
- CuO black copper oxide
- silver (Ag) is preferably alloyed with one or more materials such as palladium (Pd), copper (Cu), indium (In), etc. in consideration of etching properties. May be oxidized.
- the conductive layer is made of aluminum (Al)
- a conductive layer made of a different material is further formed on the surface of the aluminum film in order to eliminate hillocks (microprojections) generated on the film surface, which are characteristic of aluminum (Al).
- a conductive layer provided on the surface of the aluminum film a conductive layer made of titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo) or magnesium (Mg) is used, so that only aluminum is used.
- the reflectance can be reduced by 30 to 40%.
- the conductive layer is made of titanium (Ti)
- the conductive layer is made of tantalum (Ta)
- these titanium nitride (TiN) and titanium oxide (TaO, Ta 2 O 3 ) are excellent in conductivity, it is not always necessary to remove the modified layer when securing electrical connection between the electrodes. This contributes to a reduction in the number of processes.
- a conductive layer having low reflectivity by forming silicon (Si) or an aluminum-silicon (Al-Si) alloy in an oxygen and nitrogen mixed gas atmosphere.
- a single metal as a metal oxide or metal nitride in combination as described above.
- copper copper oxide
- some other wirings are used.
- silver is preferably used as silver oxide.
- the liquid crystal display device of the ninth embodiment is suitably used for a form having a low reflection layer such as a moth-eye film on the outermost surface and a form of a linear polarization mode in which linearly polarized light is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer.
- a low-reflection layer is formed on the outermost surface, the influence of internal reflection becomes conspicuous. Therefore, such measures for reducing internal reflection are effective, and in the case of the linear polarization mode, the internal reflection factor becomes large. Therefore, it is effective and a high contrast can be obtained as compared with the circular polarization mode.
- the liquid crystal display device is a liquid crystal display device including an array substrate in which a device for preventing reflection is made in a region overlapping with a conductive layer such as a wiring or an electrode.
- a light-shielding film is formed in a region overlapping with the conductive layer, and the light-shielding film is located closer to the observation surface than the conductive layer. Can be reduced.
- aluminum which is a single metal, is used as a material for conductive layers such as a gate wiring, a source wiring, a storage capacitor (CS) wiring, and a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode included in a TFT.
- a single metal such as (Al), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ni), or an alloy of these metals may be used as it is. it can.
- a light-shielding film it is preferable to use a resist (photosensitive resin) used when patterning a wiring, an electrode, or the like using a photolithography method.
- the black pigment is mixed into the resist used for patterning, and after the wiring process is performed by the etching process, the resist is left as it is without peeling, so that the resist is reduced in reflectance. It can be efficiently used as a member.
- the black pigment is preferably carbon particles or titanium nitride fine particles from the viewpoint of production efficiency and low reflectivity.
- the method of leaving a resist cannot be used. In such a case, half exposure is performed on the contact portion of the wiring and the transistor portion when mask exposure is performed on the resist.
- the resist is thinly formed on the contact part of the wiring and the transistor part by performing the development process, and after the wiring etching, by performing an ashing process or a dry etching process using fluorine gas or the like, This can be dealt with by removing the resist on the contact and transistor parts. .
- the photosensitive resin containing the black pigment is not only used as a resist for the patterning, but is applied after the array substrate having a laminated structure including the conductive layer is completed and applied (on the surface side of the film). ) May be left only on the wiring and electrode layers of the array substrate by exposure from the opposite side.
- the wiring pattern of the completed array substrate uses a photosensitive resin containing a black pigment as a patterning mask, it is advantageous in that a light shielding film can be formed on the array substrate without newly adding a mask. It is.
- the liquid crystal display device of the tenth embodiment is suitably used for a mode having a low reflection layer such as a moth-eye film on the outermost surface and a mode of a linear polarization mode in which linearly polarized light is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer.
- a low-reflection layer is formed on the outermost surface, the influence of internal reflection becomes conspicuous. Therefore, such measures for reducing internal reflection are effective, and in the case of the linear polarization mode, the internal reflection factor becomes large. Therefore, it is effective and a high contrast can be obtained as compared with the circular polarization mode.
- the liquid crystal display device is a liquid crystal display device including an array substrate in which an antireflection device is provided in a region overlapping with a conductive layer such as a wiring or an electrode.
- a photosensitive resist is formed in a region overlapping with the conductive layer, and the photosensitive resist is located closer to the observation surface than the conductive layer.
- a part of the liquid crystal display device is provided with two or more acrylic resists on top of transistors such as TFTs and wirings for the purpose of improving the aperture ratio and improving the reliability.
- a contact portion is formed by a photolithography process, and then a pixel electrode is formed.
- the insulating layer 67 has a two-layer structure, and the lower insulating layer, that is, the insulating layer on the side in contact with the TFT 63 is an inorganic insulating layer, and the upper insulating layer, That is, the insulating layer on the side in contact with the pixel electrode 65 is an acrylic resist.
- the acrylic resist absorbs unevenness of the TFT structure and the wiring structure and makes it flat.
- the coupling capacitance is reduced and the unevenness is reduced, the pixel electrode can be formed even on the source wiring. For this reason, the pixel area can be increased, and the aperture ratio is improved.
- the transmittance of the acrylic resist is reduced to 70%, the light incident from the outside and reflected from the surface of the wiring is Since the light-shielding film on the wiring passes twice, the reflectance is substantially reduced to 50%.
- the liquid crystal display device is suitably used in a form having a low reflection layer such as a moth-eye film on the outermost surface and a form of linear polarization mode in which linearly polarized light is transmitted through the liquid crystal layer. If a low-reflection layer is formed on the outermost surface, the influence of internal reflection becomes conspicuous. Therefore, such measures for reducing internal reflection are effective, and in the case of the linear polarization mode, the internal reflection factor becomes large. Therefore, it is effective and a high contrast can be obtained as compared with the circular polarization mode.
- Example 1 In Example 1, an example in which the internal reflectance is measured in the liquid crystal display device having the pixel structure of each of the above embodiments will be described.
- one-side polarized light is absorbed by the polarizing plate on the surface, but here, first, measurement is performed without the polarizing plate, and then the amount absorbed by the polarizing plate is discounted.
- a polarizing plate is usually disposed on the surface of an actual liquid crystal display device. Light incident on the liquid crystal display device from the outside and reflected by the internal structure is parallel (parallel) to the polarizing plate. This is because the light is transmitted in a nicols state (through a parallel nicols polarizing plate). Since the transmittance of the polarizing plate is about 40%, when the transmittance is measured in the absence of the polarizing plate, it is necessary to consider the decrease due to the polarizing plate.
- the amount of light reaching the reflector depends on the presence or absence of the polarizing plate on the surface of the liquid crystal display device. Unlike the case where there is no polarizing plate, the transmittance when the polarizing plate is present is about 0.4 times the transmittance when there is no polarizing plate. Therefore, here, first, the internal reflectance is observed in a state where the polarizing plate is not included, and then the value when the polarizing plate is included is calculated.
- the reflectance of each member constituting the display device was determined from the display screen, and the area ratio of each member to one pixel was determined, and the reflectance at one pixel was calculated.
- the reflectance calculated by multiplying the unit reflectance of the gate wiring 71 of FIG. 30 by the area ratio was 0.1%.
- the Cs wiring 73 was 0.21%
- the drain electrode (leading wiring) 74 was 0.43%
- the source wiring 72 was 0.64%
- the contact portion 66 was 0.39%.
- the total reflectivity of the wiring metal part was 1.77%.
- the total reflectance of the common electrode (ITO) and the pixel electrode (ITO) 65 was 0.48%.
- the reflectance at a resin portion (not shown) for stabilizing the alignment state of the liquid crystal formed on the pixel electrode 65 was 0.1%.
- the total reflectance of the pixel portion was 0.58%.
- the reflectance of the black matrix portion 12 of the color filter substrate was 0.07%.
- the total of the wiring portion, the pixel portion, and the black matrix portion is internal reflection of this display device, and is 2.42%. This is a total of the values measured for each configuration with a spectroscopic microscope, and was substantially coincident with the reflectance (2.40%) of the regular reflection component in CMI-2002 described above.
- the color filter substrate has three colors of red, blue, and green.
- the color filter substrates are totaled according to the visibility.
- the reflectance was reduced from 0.07% to 0.02%.
- the internal reflectivity of 2.42% of the liquid crystal display device became 1.4%.
- the actual transmittance is 0.54%, which is a value obtained by multiplying this value by the transmittance of the polarizing plate 38%.
- the inorganic insulating layer is formed on the inorganic insulating layer after the inorganic insulating layer is formed and before the acrylic resist is formed.
- a black resist was applied to the TFT, and exposure was performed from the TFT side to form a black resist pattern on the wiring using the wiring as a mask. After the exposure, an acrylic resist was formed on the black resist pattern and the inorganic insulating layer. Finally, the entire surface of the acrylic resist was exposed to remove the color.
- the reflectance on the wiring with this configuration was measured, the reflectance was 0.30%. Therefore, the reflectance 1.77% on the wiring metal could be reduced to 0.30%. As a result, 2.42% of internal reflection could be reduced to 0.95%.
- the actual transmittance is 0.36%, which is obtained by multiplying this value by the transmittance of the polarizing plate 38%, and the internal reflection can be reduced to 0.5% or less even if diffuse reflection is included. Expectation.
- a moth-eye film is arranged on the outermost surface of the liquid crystal display device having such an internal structure, and the reflection on the outermost surface is suppressed to 0.2%, thereby comparing with a display device that does not take these anti-reflection measures. As a result, an easy-to-view screen with little reflection was realized in a 100 Lx environment.
- the device for reducing the internal reflection of the display device of the present invention using the multilayer substrate and the liquid crystal display device of each embodiment has been described in detail.
- the embodiments can be combined with each other. By combining these, the internal reflection can be reduced to less than 1%, and further to less than 0.5%.
- the liquid crystal display device thus manufactured can be used as a liquid crystal display device having a high contrast ratio even in a bright place.
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Abstract
Description
実施形態1は、液晶表示装置が備えるカラーフィルタ基板として用いることができる多層基板である。また、実施形態1の多層基板は、本発明の第二の多層基板である。実施形態1の多層基板は、偏光板、ガラス基板(透明基板)、モスアイフィルム、カラーフィルタ層、ブラックマトリクス(BM:Black Matrix)、及び、共通電極を有している。
実施形態2は、液晶表示装置が備えるカラーフィルタ基板として用いることができる多層基板である。また、実施形態2の多層基板は、本発明の第一の多層基板である。実施形態2の多層基板は、偏光板、ガラス基板、カラーフィルタ層、ブラックマトリクス、及び、共通電極を備えている。
実施形態3は、液晶表示装置が備えるカラーフィルタ基板として用いることができる多層基板である。また、実施形態3の多層基板は、本発明の第二の多層基板である。実施形態3の多層基板は、偏光板、ガラス基板、モスアイフィルム、中間樹脂層、カラーフィルタ、ブラックマトリクス(BM)、及び、共通電極を有している。
実施形態4は、液晶表示装置が備えるカラーフィルタ基板として用いることができる多層基板である。また、実施形態4の多層基板は、本発明の第一の多層基板及び第三の多層基板である。実施形態4の多層基板は、偏光板、ガラス基板、中間層、カラーフィルタ、ブラックマトリクス(BM)、及び、共通電極を有している。
実施形態5は、液晶表示装置が備えるカラーフィルタ基板として用いることができる多層基板である。また、実施形態5の多層基板は、実施形態1の多層基板の外界側(観察面側)の表面に、更に、低反射層を配置した形態である。すなわち、実施形態5の多層基板は、低反射層、偏光板、ガラス基板、カラーフィルタ層、ブラックマトリクス、及び、共通電極を有している。
実施形態6は、液晶表示装置が備えるカラーフィルタ基板として用いることができる多層基板である。また、実施形態6の多層基板は、本発明の第二の多層基板である。実施形態6の多層基板は、モスアイフィルム(低反射層)、偏光板、ガラス基板、モスアイフィルム、カラーフィルタ層、中間樹脂層、ブラックマトリクス、及び、共通電極を有している。
本発明の多層基板と従来の多層基板とを比較するために、以下、従来の多層基板を比較形態1の多層基板として詳述する。比較形態1の多層基板は、カラーフィルタ基板として用いられる。
実施形態7は、本発明の液晶表示装置である。図26は、実施形態7の液晶表示装置の断面模式図である。図26に示すように、実施形態7の液晶表示装置は、観察面側(表示画面側)から背面側に向かってカラーフィルタ基板(多層基板)21、液晶層22及びアレイ基板(対向基板)23をこの順に備えている。液晶層22に含まれる液晶材料としては特に限定されず、液晶の配向モードも、ねじれネマチック(TN:Twisted Nematic)モード、垂直配向(VA:Vertical Alignment)モード、面内スイッチング(IPS:In-plane Switching)モード等、特に限定されない。
内部反射の正反射率=SCI(正反射率+拡散反射率)-SCE(拡散反射率)-Rs(直線偏光板表面の反射率)
内部反射の正反射率={Σ(i×S1,ii×S2,iii×S3,iv×S4,v×S5,vi,vii)}×Tp
実施形態8の液晶表示装置は、コントラスト比の向上のためにバックライトの強さを領域ごとに調光する手段を更に有する点以外は実施形態7の液晶表示装置と同様である。具体的には、常時点灯しているバックライトを領域(エリア)分割しておき、バックライト輝度制御回路を別に設け、画像信号にあわせてエリアごとにバックライト光の強さを調光する液晶表示装置である。こうすることで、明るい画像エリアではバックライト輝度を上げ、暗い画像エリアではバックライト輝度を落として黒画像を沈めることが可能となり、コントラスト範囲が拡大し、画像表現をより鮮明にすることができる。実際には、広告画像のような静止画において明暗をくっきり出したい場合や、インパクトのある画像を更に強調表現する場合に効果的となる。また、暗い周囲環境の下で暗い画像を映したときのバックライト光の光漏れが原因の、画像が浮かんで見える現象を抑制することもできる。更に、バックライト光の調光を行うことで、常時点灯の場合に比べ、消費電力を抑制することもできる。
実施形態9の液晶表示装置は、配線又は電極に反射防止の工夫がなされたアレイ基板を備える液晶表示装置である。
実施形態10の液晶表示装置は、配線、電極等の導電層と重畳する領域に反射防止の工夫がなされたアレイ基板を備える液晶表示装置である。実施形態10の液晶表示装置において導電層と重畳する領域には、遮光膜が形成されており、上記遮光膜が導電層よりも観察面側に位置することから、導電層の表面で生じる反射を低減することができる。
実施形態11の液晶表示装置は、配線、電極等の導電層と重畳する領域に反射防止の工夫がなされたアレイ基板を備える液晶表示装置である。実施形態11の液晶表示装置において導電層と重畳する領域には、光感光性のレジストが形成されており、上記光感光性のレジストが導電層よりも観察面側に位置する。
実施例1では、上記各実施形態の画素構造を持つ液晶表示装置において内部反射率を測定した例について述べる。
11:ガラス基板(透明基板)
12:BM(ブラックマトリクス)
13:モスアイフィルム
13a:凹凸部
13b:支持部
13c:接着部
14:中間樹脂層
15:モスアイフィルム(低反射層)
16:偏光板
17:共通電極
21:カラーフィルタ基板(多層基板)
22:液晶層
23:アレイ基板(対向基板)
25:中間層
31:カーボンブラック粒子
32:バインダー樹脂
33:透明粒子
41:カラーフィルタ層
41R:カラーフィルタ層(赤)
41G:カラーフィルタ層(緑)
41B:カラーフィルタ層(青)
51:透明無機薄膜
52:BM(ブラックマトリクス)
61:ガラス基板(透明基板)
62:配線(導電層)
63:TFT
63a:ゲート電極
63b:ソース電極
63c:ドレイン電極
63d:半導体層
64:ゲート絶縁膜
65:画素電極
66:コンタクト部
67:絶縁膜
68:偏光板
71:ゲート配線
72:ソース配線
73:保持容量(CS)配線
74:ドレイン引き出し配線
81:光源
82:測定試料
83:積分球
84:受光部
85:光トラップ部
91:ガラス基板
92:BM
93:樹脂層
101:観察面側基板側から入射する光
102:観察面側基板の外界側の表面で反射する成分
103:観察面側基板を透過した成分
104:観察面側に向かって反射する成分(内部反射成分)
111:表面基材
112:内部基材
121:観察面側基板
122:背面側基板
123:液晶層
Claims (43)
- 表示画面を通り抜けて内部構造に入射した光のうち、内部構造で反射する光の反射率が、1.0%未満であることを特徴とする表示装置。
- 前記表示画面は、最表面に低反射層を有していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の表示装置。
- 前記低反射層は、隣り合う頂点間の幅が可視光波長以下の複数の凸部を表面に有することを特徴とする請求項2記載の表示装置。
- 前記内部構造は、第一の層、及び、第一の層に隣接して配置された第二の層を有する多層基板を備え、
該第二の層の屈折率は、第二の層の第一の層と隣接する界面から、第一の層と反対方向に向かって、第一の層の第二の層と隣接する界面における屈折率の値を起点として連続的に変化している
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の表示装置。 - 前記多層基板は、更に、第二の層に隣接して配置された第三の層を有し、
該第二の層の屈折率は、第二の層の第三の層と隣接する界面まで、第二の層の第三の層と隣接する界面における屈折率の値を終点として連続的に変化している
ことを特徴とする請求項4記載の表示装置。 - 前記第三の層の屈折率は、第三の層の第二の層と隣接する界面から、第二の層と反対方向に向かって、第二の層の第三の層と隣接する界面における屈折率の値を起点として連続的に変化していることを特徴とする請求項5記載の表示装置。
- 前記第二の層は、前記第一の層の第二の層と隣接する界面における屈折率と異なる屈折率をもつ粒子を含み、
該粒子の第二の層内での濃度は、第一の層と反対方向に向かって連続的に変化している
ことを特徴とする請求項4~6のいずれかに記載の表示装置。 - 前記第二の層は、前記粒子を包含する媒質を含み、
該媒質の屈折率は、前記第一の層の第二の層と隣接する領域の屈折率であることを特徴とする請求項7記載の表示装置。 - 前記粒子は、黒色又は透明であることを特徴とする請求項7又は8記載の表示装置。
- 前記第一の層の第二の層と逆側の面上には、隣り合う頂点間の幅が可視光波長以下の複数の凸部を表面に有する層が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項4~9のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記内部構造は、第四の層、及び、第四の層に隣接して配置された第五の層を含む多層基板を備え、
前記第四の層は、隣り合う頂点間の幅が可視光波長以下である複数の凸部を第五の層側の表面に有し、
前記第五の層は、該複数の凸部の間を埋める複数の凹部を第四の層側の表面に有する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の表示装置。 - 前記第四の層の第五の層と逆側の面上には、隣り合う頂点間の幅が可視光波長以下の複数の凸部を表面に有する層が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項11記載の表示装置。
- 前記内部構造は、第六の層と、第七の層と、第六の層と第七の層との間に配置された中間層とを含む多層基板を備え、
該中間層の屈折率は、第六の層の屈折率と第七の層の屈折率とを結ぶように連続的に変化している
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の表示装置。 - 前記中間層は、第七の層の屈折率をもつ粒子を含み、
該粒子の中間層内での濃度は、第六の層と反対方向に向かって連続的に増加している
ことを特徴とする請求項13記載の表示装置。 - 前記中間層は、前記粒子を包含する媒質を含み、
該媒質の屈折率は、前記第六の層の屈折率であることを特徴とする請求項14記載の表示装置。 - 前記中間層は、第六の層の屈折率をもつ粒子を含み、
該粒子の中間層内での濃度は、第六の層と反対方向に向かって連続的に減少している
ことを特徴とする請求項13記載の表示装置。 - 前記中間層は、前記粒子を包含する媒質を含み、
該媒質の屈折率は、前記第七の層の屈折率であることを特徴とする請求項16記載の表示装置。 - 前記粒子は、黒色又は透明であることを特徴とする請求項14~17のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記第六の層の第七の層と逆側の面上には、隣り合う頂点間の幅が可視光波長以下の複数の凸部を表面に有する層が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項13~17のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記内部構造は、観察面側から背面側に向かって、第一の基板と、液晶層と、第二の基板とをこの順に積層して備えることを特徴とする請求項1~19のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記第一の基板及び第二の基板は、いずれも偏光板を備え、
該偏光板を透過し、液晶層を透過する光は、直線偏光である
ことを特徴とする請求項20記載の表示装置。 - 前記第一の基板及び/又は第二の基板は、前記多層基板であることを特徴とする請求項21記載の表示装置。
- 前記内部構造は、酸化銅、酸化銀、窒化チタン及び酸化タンタルからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つの材料で表面が構成された導電層を少なくとも一つ備えることを特徴とする請求項1~22のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記内部構造は、アルミニウムを材料とする導電層と、該アルミニウムを材料とする導電層よりも観察面側に位置するチタン、タンタル、モリブデン及びマグネシウムからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つを材料とする導電層との積層構造を少なくとも一つ備えることを特徴とする請求項1~23のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記内部構造は、酸化又は窒化された、シリコン及びアルミニウム-シリコン合金からなる群より選択されるいずれか一つを材料とする導電層を備えることを特徴とする請求項1~24のいずれかに記載の表示装置。
- 前記内部構造は、アルミニウム、銅、銀及びニッケルからなる群より選択されるいずれか一つを材料とする導電層を少なくとも一つ備え、かつ該導電層と重畳する領域に遮光膜を備え、
該遮光膜は、導電層よりも観察面側に位置する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~25のいずれかに記載の表示装置。 - 前記遮光膜は、黒色顔料を含む感光性樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項26記載の表示装置。
- 第一の層、及び、第一の層に隣接して配置された第二の層を有する多層基板であって、
該第二の層の屈折率は、第二の層の第一の層と隣接する界面から、第一の層と反対方向に向かって、第一の層の第二の層と隣接する界面における屈折率の値を起点として連続的に変化している
ことを特徴とする多層基板。 - 前記多層基板は、更に、第二の層に隣接して配置された第三の層を有し、
該第二の層の屈折率は、第二の層の第三の層と隣接する界面まで、第二の層の第三の層と隣接する界面における屈折率の値を終点として連続的に変化している
ことを特徴とする請求項28記載の多層基板。 - 前記第三の層の屈折率は、第三の層の第二の層と隣接する界面から、第二の層と反対方向に向かって、第二の層の第三の層と隣接する界面における屈折率の値を起点として連続的に変化していることを特徴とする請求項29記載の多層基板。
- 前記第二の層は、前記第一の層の第二の層と隣接する領域の屈折率と異なる屈折率をもつ粒子を含み、
該粒子の第二の層内での濃度は、第一の層と反対方向に向かって連続的に変化している
ことを特徴とする請求項28~30のいずれかに記載の多層基板。 - 前記第二の層は、前記粒子を包含する媒質を含み、
該媒質の屈折率は、前記第一の層の第二の層と隣接する領域の屈折率であることを特徴とする請求項31記載の多層基板。 - 前記粒子は、黒色又は透明であることを特徴とする請求項31又は32記載の多層基板。
- 前記第一の層の第二の層と逆側の面上には、隣り合う頂点間の距離が可視光波長以下の複数の凸部を表面に有する層が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項28~33のいずれかに記載の多層基板。
- 第四の層、及び、第四の層に隣接して配置された第五の層を含む多層基板であって、
前記第四の層は、隣り合う頂点間の幅が可視光波長以下である複数の凸部を第五の層側の表面に有し、
前記第五の層は、該複数の凸部の間を埋める複数の凹部を第四の層側の表面に有する
ことを特徴とする多層基板。 - 前記第四の層の第五の層と逆側の面上には、隣り合う頂点間の幅が可視光波長以下の複数の凸部を表面に有する層が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項35記載の多層基板。
- 第六の層と、第七の層と、第六の層と第七の層との間に配置された中間層とを含む多層基板であって、
該中間層の屈折率は、第六の層の屈折率と第七の層の屈折率とを結ぶように連続的に変化している
ことを特徴とする多層基板。 - 前記中間層は、第七の層の屈折率をもつ粒子を含み、
該粒子の中間層内での濃度は、第六の層と反対方向に向かって連続的に増加している
ことを特徴とする請求項37記載の多層基板。 - 前記中間層は、前記粒子を包含する媒質を含み、
該媒質の屈折率は、前記第六の層の屈折率であることを特徴とする請求項38記載の多層基板。 - 前記中間層は、第六の層の屈折率をもつ粒子を含み、
該粒子の中間層内での濃度は、第六の層と反対方向に向かって連続的に減少している
ことを特徴とする請求項37記載の多層基板。 - 前記中間層は、前記粒子を包含する媒質を含み、
該媒質の屈折率は、前記第七の層の屈折率であることを特徴とする請求項40記載の多層基板。 - 前記粒子は、黒色又は透明であることを特徴とする請求項38~41のいずれかに記載の多層基板。
- 前記第六の層の第七の層と逆側の面上には、隣り合う頂点間の幅が可視光波長以下の複数の凸部を表面に有する層が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項37~42のいずれかに記載の多層基板。
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