JPH06506724A - 超微孔質発泡材料 - Google Patents
超微孔質発泡材料Info
- Publication number
- JPH06506724A JPH06506724A JP4510863A JP51086392A JPH06506724A JP H06506724 A JPH06506724 A JP H06506724A JP 4510863 A JP4510863 A JP 4510863A JP 51086392 A JP51086392 A JP 51086392A JP H06506724 A JPH06506724 A JP H06506724A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- temperature
- sheet
- foamed
- supercritical liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 161
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 76
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006125 amorphous polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006126 semicrystalline polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920005644 polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MVWDJLOUEUAWIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C=O.O=C=O Chemical compound O=C=O.O=C=O MVWDJLOUEUAWIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Polyethylene Terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013333 ultra-microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3442—Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
- B29C44/3446—Feeding the blowing agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/3469—Cell or pore nucleation
- B29C44/348—Cell or pore nucleation by regulating the temperature and/or the pressure, e.g. suppression of foaming until the pressure is rapidly decreased
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/08—Supercritical fluid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/05—Use of one or more blowing agents together
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/13—Cell size and distribution control while molding a foam
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (29)
- 1.発泡すべき材料; 実質的に前記材料にくまなく拡散した複数の気泡を持つ超臨界液体材料系を形成 するために前記材料に導入した超臨界液体 を含む発泡材料。
- 2.前記材料がポリマープラスチック材料であることを特徴とする請求項1に記 載の発泡材料。
- 3.前記超臨界液体が超臨界状態にある二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする請求 項1または2に記載の発泡材料。
- 4.前記ポリマープラスチック材料が、アモルファスポリマー、半結晶性ポリマ ー、液晶ポリマー、熱可塑性ポリマー及びエラストマーポリマーからなる群から 選択されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の発泡材料。
- 5.前記超臨界液体が第1の選択圧力及び第1の選択温度で材料中に導入され、 これにより前記超臨界液体/材料系を有する前記発泡材料が熱力学的に不安定で ある時に前記気泡が形成することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発泡材料。
- 6.気泡密度は気泡約109〜約1015個/材料cm3であり、前記気泡の平 均サイズは2ミクロン未満であり、前記発泡材料中に形成した気泡の全容積は前 記発泡材料の全容量の約20〜約90画分%であることを特徴とする実質的に均 質分散した複数の気泡を有する発泡材料。
- 7.前記密度が気泡約1012〜約1015個/材料cm3であり、その平均サ イズは約1.0ミクロン未満であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の発泡材料 。
- 8.前記画分%が50画分%未満であることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記 載の発泡材料。
- 9.発泡すべき材料を用意し; 第1の温度及び第1の圧力で発泡すべき前記材料に超臨界液体を導入し; 前記第1の温度及び第1の圧力から、温度及び圧力を別に選択した第2の温度及 び別に選択した第2の圧力に変化させて、実質的にくなまく分散した複数の気孔 または気泡を含む超微孔質発泡材料を製造する 段階を含む発泡材料の製造法。
- 10.前記導入段階が、 発泡すべき材料の存在下、液体が超臨界液体状態になる臨界温度及び臨界圧力以 下の温度及び圧力で液体を供給し;前記液体をその超臨界液体状態にするために 、前記液体の温度及び圧力を前記第1の温度及び前記第1の圧力以上に上昇させ 、これにより超臨界液体状態の液体を発泡すべき材料に導入する段階 を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 11.前記超臨界液体を、前記材料が前記超臨界液体で完全に飽和するのに十分 な時間導入することを特徴とする請求項9に記載の方法。
- 12.発泡すべき材料を含む温度制御したチャンバ;超臨界液体を製造するため の装置; 前記材料に超臨界液体を導入するために前記チャンバに超臨界液体を供給するた めの装置; 超臨界液体を前記材料に導入して、その材料が前記超臨界液体で完全に飽和され るように前記チャンバ内の温度及び圧力を制御するための装置; 実質的にくまなく分散した複数の気泡を持つ発泡材料を製造するために、前記材 料に熱力学的不安定を誘導すべく、前記チャンバ内の温度及び圧力を変化させる 装置を含むことを特徴とする発泡材料の製造法。
- 13.前記温度及び圧力制御装置が、大気圧より高圧及び室温以上の温度で前記 材料を導入するために前記チャンバに超臨界液体を供給し;次いで 前記温度及び圧力制御装置は、前記発泡材料を製造するために、前記温度を実質 的に室温に低下させ且つ圧力を実質的に大気圧に減少させることを特徴とする請 求項12に記載の系。
- 14.押出装置; 前記押出装置に発泡すべき材料を供給するための装置;シートダイ装置; 前記シートダイ装置に押出材料を提供するための前記押出装置; 前記押出装置に室温以上の温度で前記押出材料を提供して、前記シートダイ装置 に前記加熱押出材料の連続シートを製造させるために前記押出装置を加熱する装 置;ある体積部分を通して前記加熱材料の前記連続シートを移動させるための装 置; 前記超臨界液体を大気圧より高圧で前記加熱シート材料に導入するために、前記 体積部分に超臨界液体を供給する装置; 前記超臨界液体を前記加熱シート材料を完全に飽和させるのに十分な時間、前記 体積部分内で前記材料を保持するための装置; 減圧下で前記体積部分から前記超臨界液体で飽和した前記加熱シート材料を除去 するための装置;及び発泡材料のシートに実質的にくまなく分散した複数の気泡 を持つ発泡材料の連続シートを製造するために前記体積部分から除去した前記材 料を加熱する発泡加熱装置を含む発泡材料を製造するための系。
- 15.材料のシートを体積部分を通って移動するために実質的に一定温度に保持 した複数のローラーを前記移動装置が含み;且つ 前記体積部分を通って移動する時に前記材料のシートの滞留時間を制御するため に前記ローラーの少なくとも1つの位置を制御する装置を前記保持装置が含むこ とを特徴とする請求項14に記載の系。
- 16.シール状であって、これを通って前記シート材料が前記体積部分を移動す る運動用圧力シールを前記移動装置が含み、さらに低温で前記体積部分から除去 したシート材料を移動するためのチルドローラー装置を含むことを特徴とする請 求項14に記載の系。
- 17.前記発泡加熱装置が1つ以上のヒーター及び前記ヒーターに隣接する通路 に沿って除去したシート材料を移動するためのヒーター移動装置を含むことを特 徴とする請求項14に記載の系。
- 18.前記移動装置が、 1つ以上のローラー;及び 前記シートがヒーターに隣接した通路に沿って移動する時間を制御するために前 記1つ以上のローラーの少なくとも1つの位置を制御する装置 を含むことを特徴とする請求項17に記載の系。
- 19.発泡材料の連続シートをアニーリングするための装置をさらに含むことを 特徴とする請求項14に記載の系。
- 20.押出装置; シートダイ装置; 前記押出装置に発泡すべき材料を供給するための装置;前記押出装置でその押出 時に、前記材料を溶融状態にするための前記押出装置加熱用装置; 前記材料を前記超臨界液体で完全に飽和し、前記超臨界液体飽和材料が前記押出 装置から前記シートダイ装置に供給され、前記超臨界液体で飽和した前記材料の 連続シートを製造するため、前記超臨界液体の前記溶融材料への導入用に、前記 押出装置に大気圧より高圧で超臨界液体を供給する装置 前記高圧より低い圧力の体積部分を通って前記シート材料を移動し、前記低圧の 体積部分を通って移動する時に前記シート材料の温度を選択した温度に保持する ための装置、実質的にくまなく分散した複数の気泡を有する連続シート材料を製 造するために、前記シート材料が前記体積部分を出る時にシート材料を加熱する ヒーターを含む発泡加熱装置を有する、発泡材料を提供するための系。
- 21.前記移動及び温度保持装置が複数のチルドローラーを含むことを特徴とす る請求項20に記載の系。
- 22.前記体積部分を通って移動する時に前記シート材料の滞留時間を制御する ために、前記ローラーの少なくとも1つの位置を制御する装置をさらに含むこと を特徴とする請求項21に記載の系。
- 23.前記発泡加熱装置が 前記ヒーターに隣接した通路に沿って前記シート材料を移動するための1つ以上 のローラー;及びシート材料が前記ヒーターに隣接した前記通路に沿って移動す る時間を制御するために前記1つ以上のローラーの少なくとも1つの位置を制御 する装置 を含むことを特徴とする請求項20に記載の系。
- 24.発泡材料の連続シートをアニーリングするための装置をさらに含むことを 特徴とする請求項20に記載の系。
- 25.押出装置; シートダイ装置: 前記溶融材料を前記超臨界液体で完全に飽和して、前記超臨界液体で飽和した前 記材料が、前記押出装置から前記シートダイ装置に供給されてその連続シートを 製造するため、前記超臨界液体の前記溶融材料への導入用に、前記押出装置に大 気圧より高圧の超臨界液体を供給する装置;実質的に前記高圧と同じ圧力の体積 部分を通ってシート材料を移動させ、前記高圧の体積部分を通って移動する時に シート材料の温度を選択した温度に保持するための装置;実質的にくまなく分散 した複数の気泡を有する発泡材料のシートを製造するために前記体積部分から出 る時にシート材料の温度及び圧力を下げる装置を含む発泡材料を製造するための 系。
- 26.前記移動及び温度保持装置が複数のローラーを含むことを特徴とする請求 項25に記載の系。
- 27.前記体積部分を通って移動する時に前記シート材料の滞留時間を制御する ために、前記ローラーの少なくとも1つの位置を制御する装置をさらに含むこと を特徴とする請求項26に記載の系。
- 28.発泡条件を保持するために発泡材料のシートが通過する1つ以上のチルド ローラーをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項25に記載の系。
- 29.発泡材料のシートをアニーリングするための装置をさらに含むことを特徴 とする請求項25に記載の系。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/682,116 US5158986A (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1991-04-05 | Microcellular thermoplastic foamed with supercritical fluid |
US682,116 | 1991-04-05 | ||
PCT/US1992/002690 WO1992017533A1 (en) | 1991-04-05 | 1992-04-03 | Supermicrocellular foamed materials |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH06506724A true JPH06506724A (ja) | 1994-07-28 |
JP2625576B2 JP2625576B2 (ja) | 1997-07-02 |
Family
ID=24738277
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP4510863A Expired - Lifetime JP2625576B2 (ja) | 1991-04-05 | 1992-04-03 | 超微孔質発泡材料 |
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US (3) | US5158986A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP0985511B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2625576B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR0171911B1 (ja) |
AT (2) | ATE305488T1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2107355C (ja) |
DE (2) | DE69233554T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1992017533A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
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US5334356A (en) | 1994-08-02 |
EP0580777A1 (en) | 1994-02-02 |
US5158986A (en) | 1992-10-27 |
EP0985511A2 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
EP0580777A4 (ja) | 1994-03-02 |
DE69233554D1 (de) | 2006-02-09 |
ATE213259T1 (de) | 2002-02-15 |
DE69233554T2 (de) | 2006-07-13 |
ATE305488T1 (de) | 2005-10-15 |
WO1992017533A1 (en) | 1992-10-15 |
USRE37932E1 (en) | 2002-12-10 |
DE69232415T2 (de) | 2002-09-26 |
CA2107355A1 (en) | 1992-10-06 |
EP0580777B1 (en) | 2002-02-13 |
EP0985511A3 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
JP2625576B2 (ja) | 1997-07-02 |
EP0985511B1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
DE69232415D1 (de) | 2002-03-21 |
CA2107355C (en) | 1999-07-20 |
KR0171911B1 (ko) | 1999-03-30 |
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