JP5288309B2 - 冷却体流路を有する複合物品および工具製造方法 - Google Patents
冷却体流路を有する複合物品および工具製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
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Description
本発明は概して、工具のブランク(blank、半加工品)など、異なる組成および/またはミクロ組織の領域を含む複合構造を有する物品を形成する方法を対象とする。本発明はさらに、複合構造と少なくとも一つの冷却体流路とを有する回転工具、および回転工具のための工具のブランクを対象とする。本発明の方法は回転工具の製造に一般的に適用され、そして例えば、孔あけ(drilling)、リーマー仕上げ(reaming)、皿座ぐり(countersinking)、深座ぐり(counterboring)、および端面削り(end milling)などの材料除去操作において用いられる焼結炭化物合金(cemented carbide)の回転工具の製造に適用することができる。
焼結炭化物合金の回転工具(すなわち、回転するように駆動される工具)は一般に、例えば、孔あけ(drilling)、リーマー仕上げ(reaming)、皿座ぐり(countersinking)、深座ぐり(counterboring)、端面削り(end milling)、および雌ねじ切り(tapping)などの切削加工操作において用いられる。このような工具は典型的に、中実の一体構造のものである。そのような工具のための製造プロセスは、(粒状のセラミックと結合剤金属からなる)冶金粉末を固めて圧粉体を形成することを含むだろう。次いで、圧粉体は焼結されて、中実の一体構造を有する円柱状の工具のブランクが形成される。ここで用いられるものとして、一体構造とは、工具が、工具の内部の全ての有効容積において実質的に同じ特性を有する材料(例えば焼結炭化物合金材料)で構成されていることを意味する。焼結に続いて、工具のブランクは適当に機械加工されて、回転工具の特定の形態からなる刃先やその他の特徴点が形成される。回転工具には例えば、ドリル、エンドミル、リーマー(穴ぐり具)およびタップ(tap、雌ねじ切り)が含まれる。
本発明の態様は、少なくとも第一の領域と第二の領域を有する複合物品を含む。第一の領域は第一の複合材料を含んでいてもよく、この第一の領域は重量で5wt.%未満の立方晶炭化物(cubic carbide)を含み、そして第二の領域は第二の複合材料を含んでいてもよく、この第二の複合材料は第一の複合材料とは少なくとも一つの特性において異なっている。複合物品はさらに少なくとも一つの冷却体流路を有していてもよい。特定の態様において、第一および第二の複合材料はそれぞれ結合剤中に硬質粒子を含んでいてもよく、それらの硬質粒子はそれぞれ炭化物、窒化物、ホウ化物、ケイ化物、酸化物およびこれらの固溶体のうちの少なくとも一つを含み、そして結合剤はコバルト、ニッケル、鉄およびこれらの合金から選択される少なくとも一つの金属を含む。特定の態様において、第一の複合材料と第二の複合材料はそれぞれ結合剤中に金属炭化物を含んでいてもよい。
本発明は、複合構造を有する回転切削工具、切削工具のブランク、ロッド、およびその他の物品、ならびにそのような物品を製造する方法を提供する。物品はさらに、望ましい場合には、冷却体流路などの内部流路を有していてもよい。本明細書で用いられるとき、回転工具とは、回転するように駆動される少なくとも一つの刃先(cutting edge)を有する工具である。本明細書で用いられるとき、「複合」構造とは、化学組成および/またはミクロ組織(microstructure)が異なっている領域を有する物品を指す。これらの相違により、少なくとも一つの特性に関して異なる性質を有する領域が生じる。特性とは、例えば、硬さ、引張り強さ、耐摩耗性、破壊靭性、弾性率、耐食性、熱膨張率および熱伝導率のうちの少なくとも一つであってもよい。本発明において提示されるようにして構成されうる複合回転工具としては、ドリルやエンドミル、さらには例えば、材料の孔あけ(drilling)、リーマー仕上げ(reaming)、皿座ぐり(countersinking)、深座ぐり(counterboring)、端面削り(end milling)、および雌ねじ切り(tapping)において用いることのできるその他の工具がある。
本発明を特定の態様に関して説明したが、当業者であれば、以上の説明を考慮することにより、本発明の多くの修正と変形を用いることができることを理解するであろう。本発明のそのような全ての変形と修正は、以上の説明と添付の特許請求の範囲によって包含されることが意図されている。
Claims (59)
- 少なくとも外側領域、同軸上に配置されたコア領域、および
少なくとも一つの冷却体流路
を含み、該外側領域は第一の複合材料および5wt.%未満の立方晶炭化物を含み、該コア領域は第二の複合材料を含み、そして第一の複合材料は第二の複合材料と少なくとも一つの特性において異なっている複合物品であって、
該冷却体流路は該複合物品の内部に長手方向に配置されており、該冷却体流路は該外側領域及び該コア領域との境界に形成され該外側領域と該コア領域との両領域にまたがって延在する、前記複合物品。 - 該第一の複合材料および該第二の複合材料がそれぞれ結合剤中に硬質粒子を含んでおり、それら硬質粒子はそれぞれ炭化物、窒化物、ホウ化物、ケイ化物、酸化物およびこれらの固溶体のうちの少なくとも一つを含み、そして結合剤はコバルト、ニッケル、鉄、コバルト合金、ニッケル合金および鉄合金からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの材料を含む、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 該特性が、弾性率、硬さ、耐摩耗性、破壊靭性、引張り強さ、耐食性、熱膨張率および熱伝導率からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの特性である、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 該第一の複合材料と第二の複合材料がそれぞれ結合剤中に金属炭化物を含む、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 第一の複合材料の該金属炭化物の金属と第二の複合材料の該金属炭化物の金属が、それぞれ、IVB族元素、VB族元素およびVIB族元素からなる群から選択される、請求項4に記載の複合物品。
- 該外側領域が、該外側領域から該コア領域まで又は該コア領域から該外側領域まで伸びる該結合剤の母材によって該コア領域に接合されている、請求項4に記載の複合物品。
- 第一の複合材料の該結合剤と第二の複合材料の該結合剤が、それぞれ個々に、コバルト、コバルト合金、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、鉄、および鉄合金からなる群から選択される材料を含む、請求項4に記載の複合物品。
- 第一の複合材料の該結合剤と第二の複合材料の該結合剤とが化学組成において異なる、請求項4に記載の複合物品。
- 第一の複合材料の該結合剤の重量パーセントが、第二の複合材料の該結合剤の重量パーセントとは異なる、請求項4に記載の複合物品。
- 第一の複合材料の該金属炭化物が、第二の複合材料の該金属炭化物と、化学組成および平均粒度のうちの少なくとも一つにおいて異なる、請求項4に記載の複合物品。
- 該第一の複合材料と該第二の複合材料が、それぞれ、2〜40重量パーセントの結合剤および60〜98重量パーセントの金属炭化物を含む、請求項4に記載の複合物品。
- 第一の複合材料および第二の複合材料のうちの一方は、第一の複合材料および第二の複合材料のうちの他方のものよりも結合剤を1〜10重量パーセント多く含む、請求項11に記載の複合物品。
- 複合物品が、回転工具、回転工具のブランク、ドリル、エンドミル、タップ、ロッドおよびバーのうちの一つである、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 外側領域中の第一の複合材料の弾性率が、コア領域中の第二の複合材料の弾性率と異なる、請求項3に記載の複合物品。
- 外側領域中の第一の複合材料の硬さおよび耐摩耗性のうちの少なくとも一つが、コア領域中の第二の複合材料とは異なる、請求項3に記載の複合物品。
- 少なくとも一つの冷却体流路は直線状である、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 少なくとも一つの冷却体流路はつる巻状の形である、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 二つの冷却体流路を有する、請求項1〜17のいずれかに記載の複合物品。
- 該第一の複合材料および該第二の複合材料が焼結炭化物合金である、請求項1〜18のいずれかに記載の複合物品。
- 該焼結炭化物合金材料のそれぞれが弾性率を有し、該外側領域中の第一の焼結炭化物合金材料の該弾性率が、90×106〜95×106psiであり、該コア領域中の第二の焼結炭化物合金材料の該弾性率が、69×106〜92×106psiである、請求項19に記載の複合物品。
- 請求項1に記載の複合物品を形成する方法であって、
金属炭化物を含む少なくとも二つの複合材料を共押出ししてグリーンの圧粉体を形成することを含み、該少なくとも二つの複合材料が、少なくとも2種類の焼結炭化物合金グレードである前記方法。 - 少なくとも二つの複合材料を共押出しすることが、ダイを通して行われる、請求項21に記載の物品を形成する方法。
- 該ダイが、該グリーンの圧粉体の中に内部流路を形成するための手段を有する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- ダイが少なくとも一つのワイヤを有する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 該少なくとも一つのワイヤは、該グリーンの圧粉体の中に内部流路を形成する、請求項24に記載の方法。
- ダイが少なくとも二つのワイヤを有する、請求項24に記載の方法。
- ダイが三つのワイヤを有する、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 該少なくとも一つのワイヤが、可撓性のワイヤである、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 該可撓性のワイヤが、ナイロン、ポリマー被覆金属ワイヤ、ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリプロピレン、アラミド、ケブラー、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、綿糸、動物の腸、麻およびジュートのうちの少なくとも一つを含む、請求項28に記載の方法。
- ワイヤが非可撓性である、請求項24に記載の方法。
- ワイヤが金属を含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一つの焼結炭化物合金のグレードは、押出した形態にある、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 該押出した形態が、ロッド、バーおよびチューブのうちの少なくとも一つである、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも一つの焼結炭化物合金がロッド形状であり、他の少なくとも一つの焼結炭化物合金がチューブ形状である、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも二つの焼結炭化物合金が、チューブの形状である、請求項32に記載の方法。
- ロッドの形態の焼結炭化物合金が、共押出機の供給室の中に直接に押出される、請求項34に記載の方法。
- グリーンの圧粉体が二つの焼結炭化物合金のグレードを含み、それら焼結炭化物合金のグレードが同軸状に配置される、請求項21に記載の方法。
- ダイが流路ダイを含む、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 該少なくとも二つの複合材料が、少なくとも二種類の焼結炭化物合金であり、該ダイが、内部にらせん状の刻み目を有する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 該少なくとも二つの複合材料が、少なくとも二種類の焼結炭化物合金であり、該ダイが回転する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- グリーンの圧粉体が少なくとも一つの流路を有する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- グリーンの圧粉体が二つのつる巻状の流路を有する、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 前記第一の複合材料が第一の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、前記第二の複合材料が第二の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、該第一の焼結炭化物合金材料および第二の焼結炭化物合金材料のうちの少なくとも一つが、0.3〜10μmの平均粒度を有する炭化タングステン粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 前記第一の複合材料が第一の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、前記第二の複合材料が第二の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、該第一の焼結炭化物合金材料および第二の焼結炭化物合金材料のうちの少なくとも一つが0.5〜10μmの平均粒度を有する炭化タングステン粒子を含み、そして第一の焼結炭化物合金材料および第二の焼結炭化物合金材料のうちの他方が0.3〜1.5μmの平均粒度を有する炭化タングステン粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 前記第一の複合材料が第一の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、前記第二の複合材料が第二の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、該第一の焼結炭化物合金材料および前記第二の焼結炭化物合金材料のうちの一方が、第一の焼結炭化物合金材料および第二の焼結炭化物合金材料のうちの他方よりも前記結合剤を1〜10重量パーセント多く含む、請求項5に記載の複合物品。
- 前記第一の複合材料が第一の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、前記第二の複合材料が第二の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、前記外側領域中の第一の焼結炭化物合金材料の弾性率が、前記コア領域中の第二の焼結炭化物合金材料の弾性率と異なる、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 前記第一の複合材料が第一の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、前記第二の複合材料が第二の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、前記外側領域中の第一の焼結炭化物合金材料の硬さおよび耐摩耗性のうちの少なくとも一つが、前記コア領域中の第二の焼結炭化物合金材料と異なる、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 前記第一の複合材料が第一の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、前記第二の複合材料が第二の焼結炭化物合金材料であり、該第一の焼結炭化物合金材料が6〜15重量パーセントのコバルト合金を含み、そして第二の焼結炭化物合金材料が10〜15重量パーセントのコバルト合金を含む、請求項1に記載の複合物品。
- 複合構造を有する回転工具を製造する方法であって:
押出した第一冶金粉末を含むグリーンの圧粉体をドライバッグゴム型の第一の領域中に配置すること;
前記第一冶金粉末とは異なる第二冶金粉末を、ドライバッグゴム型の第二の領域中に配置すること;
該ドライバッグゴム型を等方圧縮して押出したグリーンの圧粉体および第二冶金粉末を固め、少なくとも外側領域と同軸上に配置されたコア領域とを有する圧縮されたグリーンの圧粉体を形成すること;および
該グリーンの圧粉体を過圧焼結すること;
を含み、該圧縮されたグリーンの圧粉体は、該圧縮されたグリーンの圧粉体の内部に長手方向に配置された少なくとも一つの冷却体流路を有しており、該冷却体流路は、該外側領域及び該コア領域と交わっている、前記方法。 - グリーンの圧粉体から材料を除去して少なくとも一つの刃先を付与することをさらに含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- グリーンの圧粉体から材料を除去することが、圧粉体を機械加工して、少なくとも一つのつる巻状に方向づけられた刃先を画定する少なくとも一つのつる巻状に方向づけられた縦溝を形成することを含む、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 第一冶金粉末および第二冶金粉末の両者が、粉末化した結合剤と、IVB族元素、VB族元素およびVIB族元素からなる群から選択される元素の少なくとも一つの炭化物の粒子とを含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 第一冶金粉末および第二冶金粉末の結合剤が、それぞれ個々に、コバルト、コバルト合金、ニッケル、ニッケル合金、鉄、および鉄合金からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つの金属を含む、請求項52に記載の方法。
- 第一冶金粉末および第二冶金粉末が、それぞれ個々に、2〜40重量パーセントの粉末化した結合剤と、60〜98重量パーセントの炭化物粒子とを含む、請求項53に記載の方法。
- 第一冶金粉末および第二冶金粉末のうちの少なくとも一つが、0.3〜10μmの平均粒度を有する炭化タングステン粒子を含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 圧粉体を過圧焼結することが、圧粉体を1350℃〜1500℃の温度において300〜2000psiの圧力下で加熱することを含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 型を加圧することが、5000〜50000psiの圧力で型を等方圧縮することを含む、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 型を加圧することにより形成されたグリーンの圧粉体が:
第一冶金粉末の固化により与えられる第一焼結炭化物合金材料を含む外側領域と、
第二冶金粉末の固化により与えられる第二焼結炭化物合金材料を含むコア領域とを含み、
該外側領域および該コア領域は少なくとも一つの特性において異なる、請求項49に記載の方法。 - 該特性が、弾性率、硬さ、耐摩耗性、破壊靭性、引張り強さ、耐食性、熱膨張率および熱伝導率からなる群から選択される少なくとも一つである、請求項58に記載の方法。
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2005
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- 2006-06-14 KR KR1020077027250A patent/KR101317017B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 2006-06-14 CN CN201310516305.3A patent/CN103551581A/zh active Pending
- 2006-06-14 WO PCT/US2006/023238 patent/WO2007001870A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-06-14 EP EP06773207A patent/EP1907154A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-14 KR KR1020137019047A patent/KR101353171B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2008546554A (ja) | 2008-12-25 |
KR101317017B1 (ko) | 2013-10-11 |
KR20130088900A (ko) | 2013-08-08 |
WO2007001870A3 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
US20060288820A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
KR101353171B1 (ko) | 2014-01-17 |
US8318063B2 (en) | 2012-11-27 |
US8808591B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
CN103551581A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
US8637127B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
BRPI0607065A2 (pt) | 2009-08-04 |
TWI435782B (zh) | 2014-05-01 |
KR20080016812A (ko) | 2008-02-22 |
EP1907154A2 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
CA2596309A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
US20130043615A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
UA95912C2 (ru) | 2011-09-26 |
TW200726551A (en) | 2007-07-16 |
CN101166597A (zh) | 2008-04-23 |
US20140097553A1 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
WO2007001870A2 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
US20070108650A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
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