JP2018536279A - 光活性デバイス及び材料 - Google Patents
光活性デバイス及び材料 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018536279A JP2018536279A JP2018518498A JP2018518498A JP2018536279A JP 2018536279 A JP2018536279 A JP 2018536279A JP 2018518498 A JP2018518498 A JP 2018518498A JP 2018518498 A JP2018518498 A JP 2018518498A JP 2018536279 A JP2018536279 A JP 2018536279A
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- JP
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- Prior art keywords
- transition metal
- metal compound
- tif
- compound phase
- subcycle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 68
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 289
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 190
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 188
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 102
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 97
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 86
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N borane Chemical compound B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 transition metal nitride Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910021561 transition metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002831 nitrogen free-radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910005542 GaSb Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005019 vapor deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021350 transition metal silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 56
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 222
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 211
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 106
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 92
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 75
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 73
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 59
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 40
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 21
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 20
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 17
- XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrafluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Ti+4] XROWMBWRMNHXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 17
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 7
- PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N disilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH3] PZPGRFITIJYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisilane Chemical compound [SiH3][SiH2][SiH3] VEDJZFSRVVQBIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005546 reactive sputtering Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006557 surface reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910034327 TiC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010342 TiF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011817 metal compound particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017768 LaF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000935974 Paralichthys dentatus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000560 X-ray reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N borane Chemical group [10BH3] UORVGPXVDQYIDP-BJUDXGSMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001424 field-emission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004969 ion scattering spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004518 low pressure chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000623 plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910016569 AlF 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940126062 Compound A Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heterophylliin A Natural products O1C2COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC2C(OC(=O)C=2C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=2)C(O)C1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 NLDMNSXOCDLTTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WXBOMIKEWRRKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Re]=O WXBOMIKEWRRKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLPMQGKZYAYAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) fluoride Chemical compound F[Ti](F)F NLPMQGKZYAYAFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0232—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
- H01L31/02322—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device comprising luminescent members, e.g. fluorescent sheets upon the device
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
- C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0694—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
- C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
- C23C16/45527—Atomic layer deposition [ALD] characterized by the ALD cycle, e.g. different flows or temperatures during half-reactions, unusual pulsing sequence, use of precursor mixtures or auxiliary reactants or activations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、概ね、光活性デバイス及び材料の分野に関し、より具体的には、誘電性遷移金属化合物相及び導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相を含む薄膜を形成する方法に関する。
堆積プロセス
上述し、そして詳細に後述するように、導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む膜を、誘電性遷移金属化合物堆積サブサイクル及び還元サブサイクルを使用して堆積することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、遷移金属はTi、Ta、Nb、Mo及びWから選択されることができる。2つのサブサイクルは、スーパーサイクル内で所望の比で繰り返され、平滑な及び/又はナノ結晶質の膜を形成することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、薄膜、例えば誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む薄膜は柱状粒子構造を持たない。いくつかの実施形態では、薄膜は、導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む。
a[b(DM)+c(還元剤+窒素化合物)]と表されることができ、ここで、DMは誘電性遷移金属化合物のサブサイクルを表し、bは各スーパーサイクル内のDMサブサイクルの数であり、(還元剤+窒素化合物)は還元サブサイクルを表し、cは各スーパーサイクルにおける還元サブサイクルの数であり、aはスーパーサイクルの数である。誘電性遷移金属化合物の還元サブサイクルに対する比は、b:cとして与えられることができる。
a[b(DM+還元剤)+c(窒素反応物質)]と表されることができ、ここで、b は各スーパーサイクル内の還元剤を含むDMサブサイクルの数であり、cは各スーパーサイクル内の窒素反応物サブサイクルの数であり、及びaはスーパーサイクルの数である。誘電性遷移金属化合物の窒素サブサイクルに対する比は、b:cとして与えられることができる。
上述したように、また以下に詳細に論じるように、金属フッ化物を含む膜、例えば導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた金属フッ化物相を含む膜を、金属フッ化物堆積サブサイクル及び還元サブサイクルを用いて堆積することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、金属はTi、Ta、Nb、Mo及びWから選択されることができる。2つのサブサイクルは、スーパーサイクル内で所望の比で繰り返され、平滑な及び/又はナノ結晶質の膜を形成することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、薄膜、例えば金属フッ化物を含む薄膜は、柱状粒子構造を持たない。いくつかの実施形態では、薄膜は、導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた誘電性遷移金属フッ化物相を含む。
a[b(MF)+c(還元剤+窒素化合物)]と表されることができ、ここでMFはMxFyサブサイクルを表し、bは各スーパーサイクル内のMFサブサイクルの数であり、(還元剤+窒素化合物)は還元サブサイクルを表し、cは各スーパーサイクル内の還元サブサイクルの数であり、aはスーパーサイクルの数である。金属フッ化物の還元サブサイクルに対する比は、b:cとして与えられることができる。
a[b(MF+還元剤)+c(窒素反応物質)]と表されることができ、ここで、bは各スーパーサイクル内の還元剤を含むMFサブサイクルの数であり、cは各スーパーサイクル内の窒素反応物サブサイクルの数であり、及びaはスーパーサイクルの数である。金属フッ化物の窒素サブサイクルに対するの比は、b:cとして与えられることができる。
上述のように、いくつかの実施形態では、誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む膜、例えば導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれたフッ化物化合物を含む薄膜を堆積する原子層堆積プロセスは、複数のスーパーサイクルを含むことができ、各スーパーサイクルは、少なくとも1つの誘電性遷移金属化合物相(DM)サブサイクル及び少なくとも1つの還元サブサイクルを含む。DMサブサイクルでは、最大単分子層が基材表面上に吸着するように、基材を気相誘電性遷移金属化合物、例えば金属フッ化物に曝す。還元サブサイクルでは、基材は、還元剤、例えばシラン又はボラン及び窒素反応物質に曝される。DMサブサイクルと還元サブサイクルとの比を、所望の組成を得るように変えることができ、スーパーサイクルの数を、所望の厚さの誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む膜を堆積するように選択することができる。DMサブサイクルは還元サブサイクルに先行することができ、その逆であってもよい。同様に、還元サイクルでは、還元剤が窒素反応物質に先行してもよく、その逆であってもよい。
最大で誘電性遷移金属化合物の単分子層を基材上に形成するために、気化された誘電性遷移金属化合物、例えば遷移金属フッ化物を反応チャンバーの中へパルスすること210と、
過剰の誘電性遷移金属化合物及び反応副生成物を除去するために反応チャンバーをパージすること220と、
パルスする工程とパージする工程とを繰り返すこと250と、を含む。
吸着された誘電性遷移金属化合物の少なくともいくらかを還元するために、気化された還元剤、例えばジシラン又はトリシランを反応チャンバーの中へパルスすること310と、
過剰の還元剤及び反応副生成物がある場合にはそれらを除去するために、反応チャンバーをパージすること320と、
必要に応じて、窒素反応物質、例えばNH3のパルスを反応チャンバーの中へ供給すること330と、
必要に応じて、過剰の窒素反応物質及びあらゆる気体副生成物を除去するために、反応チャンバーをパージすること340と、
少なくともパルスする工程310及びパージする工程320を繰り返すこと350と、を含む。
いくつかの実施形態では、導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物材料中に誘電性遷移金属化合物材料を含む本明細書に記載される薄膜を、物理蒸着(PVD)タイプのプロセスにより堆積してもよい。いくつかの実施形態では、誘電性遷移金属化合物材料及び導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物材料を含む薄膜を、反応性スパッタリング堆積プロセスにより堆積することができる。いくつかの実施形態では、反応性スパッタリングプロセスは、遷移金属元素を含むターゲットを使用することを含むことができる。例えば、ターゲットは、遷移金属ターゲット、例えばチタンターゲットを含むことができる。いくつかの実施形態では、堆積プロセスは、窒素、フッ素及び/又は酸素種を含む雰囲気中でプラズマを生成することを含むことができる。
上述のように、いくつかの実施形態では、導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物材料中に誘電性遷移金属化合物材料を含む膜を堆積する原子層堆積プロセスは、複数のスーパーサイクルを含むことができ、各スーパーサイクルは、少なくとも1つの遷移金属化合物サブサイクル及び少なくとも1つの第2のサブサイクル、例えば還元サブサイクルを含む。遷移金属化合物サブサイクルでは、最大で単分子層が基材表面に吸着するように、基材を気相遷移金属化合物に曝す。第2のサブサイクル、例えば還元サブサイクルでは、基材を他の反応物質、例えば還元剤、例えばシラン若しくはボラン及び/又は第3の反応物質、例えば窒素反応物質に曝す。遷移金属化合物と第2のサブサイクルとの比を、所望の組成を得るために変えることができ、所望の厚さの遷移金属化合物を含む膜を堆積するようにスーパーサイクルの数を選択することができる。遷移金属化合物サブサイクルは第2のサブサイクルに先行することができ、その逆であってもよい。同様に、第2のサブサイクル、例えば還元サブサイクルでは、還元剤が第3の反応物質、例えば窒素反応物質に先行してもよく、その逆であってもよい。
上述のように、いくつかの実施形態では、導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相、例えばTiN中に埋め込まれたTiF3を含む膜、例えばTiFx化合物を含む薄膜、例えばTiF3を堆積する原子層堆積プロセスは、複数のスーパーサイクルを含むことができ、各スーパーサイクルは、少なくとも1つのTiF4サブサイクル及び少なくとも1つの還元サブサイクルを含む。TiF4サブサイクルでは、最大で単分子層が基材表面上に吸着するように、基材を気相TiF4に曝す。還元サブサイクルでは、基材は、還元剤、例えばシラン又はボラン及び窒素反応物質に曝される。TiF4サブサイクルと還元サブサイクルとの比を、所望の組成を得るように変えることができ、スーパーサイクルの数を、所望の厚さのフッ化チタンを含む膜を堆積するように選択することができる。TiF4サブサイクルは還元サブサイクルに先行することができ、その逆であってもよい。同様に、還元サイクルでは、還元剤が窒素反応物質に先行してもよく、その逆であってもよい。
a[b(フッ化チタン)+c(還元剤+窒素反応物質)]と表すことができ、ここで「フッ化チタン」はTiF4サブサイクルを表し、bは各スーパーサイクル内のTiF4サブサイクルの数であり、(還元剤+窒素反応物質)は還元サブサイクルを表し、cは各スーパーサイクル内の還元サブサイクルの数であり、aはスーパーサイクルの数である。いくつかの実施形態では、スーパーサイクル内で最初にTiF4サブサイクルが来ると例示されているが、1つ又は複数のスーパーサイクルでは、還元サブサイクルが最初に来る。したがって、いくつかの実施形態では、TiF4サブサイクルは第1のサブサイクルと見なすことができ、還元サブサイクルは第2のサブサイクルと見なすことができ、一方、いくつかの実施形態では還元サブサイクルは第1のサブサイクルと見なすことができ、TiF4サブサイクルは第2のサブサイクルと見なすことができる。
a[b(TiF4+還元剤)+c(窒素反応物質)]と表されることができ、ここで、bは各スーパーサイクル内での還元剤を含むTiF4サブサイクルの数であり、cは各スーパーサイクル内での窒素反応物サブサイクルの数であり、及びaはスーパーサイクルの数である。金属フッ化物の窒素サブサイクルに対するの比は、b:cとして与えられることができる。
最大でフッ化チタンの単分子層を基材上に形成するために、気化されたTiFx、例えばTiF4を反応チャンバー211の中へパルスすることと、
過剰のフッ化チタン及び反応副生成物がある場合にはそれらを除去するために、反応チャンバー221をパージすることと、
パルスする工程とパージする工程とを繰り返すこと251と、を含む。
TiF4の少なくともいくらかをTiF3へ還元するために、気化された還元剤、例えばジシラン又はトリシランを反応チャンバー311の中へパルスすることと、
過剰の還元剤及び反応副生成物がある場合にはそれらを除去するために、反応チャンバー321をパージすることと、
窒素反応物質、例えばNH3のパルスを反応チャンバー331の中へ供給し、窒素反応物質が少なくともいくらかの窒素をフッ化チタン膜に付与することと、
過剰の窒素反応物質及びあらゆる気体副生成物を除去するために、反応チャンバー341をパージすることと、
パルスする工程とパージする工程とを繰り返すこと351と、を含む。
本明細書に記載の方法及び材料は、太陽電池又は光デバイス、例えば太陽電池又は導波路デバイスにおける用途のために、光活性又は他の望ましい特性を有する膜を提供することができる。いくつかの実施形態によれば、光デバイス製造中に、適切な基板、例えばp型シリコン基材上に開示された方法により複合薄膜を堆積する。
Claims (31)
- 光デバイスにおいて層を堆積する蒸着プロセスであって、前記層は、導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む、蒸着プロセス。
- 前記蒸着プロセスは複数のスーパーサイクルを含み、各スーパーサイクルは誘電性遷移金属化合物サブサイクル及び還元サブサイクルを含み、
前記誘電性遷移金属化合物サブサイクルは、基材を気相誘電性遷移金属化合物と接触させることを含み、
前記還元サブサイクルは、前記基材を還元剤及び窒素反応物質と交互に逐次接触させることを含む、請求項1に記載の蒸着プロセス。 - 前記誘電性遷移金属化合物は、TiF4を含む、請求項2に記載の蒸着プロセス。
- 前記還元剤は、シラン又はボランを含む、請求項2に記載の蒸着プロセス。
- 前記窒素反応物質は、アンモニア、N2H4、窒素原子、窒素含有プラズマ、及び窒素ラジカルのうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項2に記載の蒸着プロセス。
- 導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む層を含む、デバイス。
- 前記デバイスは、光デバイスである、請求項6に記載のデバイス。
- 前記誘電性遷移金属化合物相は、直径約0.1nm〜約500nmの粒子からなる、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相は、離散する誘電性遷移金属化合物相粒子を取り囲む、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記層は、光活性材料を含み、
前記層は前記光デバイスの表面に入射する光子の放射エネルギーを吸収し、電気回路内に電気エネルギーを生成する、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。 - 前記層は、TiF3とTiNとの混合物を含む、請求項10に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記層は、電気回路内の電気エネルギーを利用し、光子を生成する、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記層は、TiF3とTiNとの混合物を含む、請求項12に記載の光デバイス。
- 導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む前記層は、光子透過層として作用し、及び、
前記光子透過層により、前記光子透過層の表面上に入射する光子が前記光子透過層を通って光子活性層へ達することを可能にする、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。 - 前記光子透過層は、TiF3とTiNとの混合物を含む、請求項14に記載の光デバイス。
- 導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む前記層は、光子励起電荷キャリアを収集する電荷収集要素として作用する、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記電荷収集要素は、TiN中にTiF3の混合物を含む、請求項16に記載の光デバイス。
- 導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む前記層は、前記光デバイスの第1の部分上に入射する光量子束の特性を、前記光デバイスの第2の部分へ伝達することを可能にする導波路要素として作用する、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。
- 光子励起電荷キャリアを収集する電荷収集要素であって、前記電荷収集要素は、酸化錫、ドープされた酸化錫、酸化亜鉛、ドープされた酸化亜鉛、導電ポリマー、金属グリッド、カーボンナノチューブ、グラフェン、又はナノワイヤ薄膜のうちの少なくとも1つを含む電荷収集要素を更に含む、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記誘電性遷移金属化合物相は、遷移金属酸化物、遷移金属フッ化物、又は遷移金属オキシフッ化物である、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記誘電性遷移金属化合物相はTiF3を含む、請求項20に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相は、遷移金属元素、遷移金属の合金、遷移金属酸化物、遷移金属窒化物、遷移金属ケイ化物、又は遷移金属炭化物である、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。
- 前記導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相はTiNを含む、請求項22に記載の光デバイス。
- Si、SiGe、Ge、CdTe、GaAs、GaSb、InGaAs、又は他のいくつかの半導体材料のうちの少なくとも1つを含む光活性要素を更に含む、請求項6に記載の光デバイス。
- 導電性又は半導電性遷移金属化合物相中に埋め込まれた誘電性遷移金属化合物相を含む光活性材料。
- 前記光活性材料は、光子の放射エネルギーを吸収して電気回路内に電気エネルギーを生成する、請求項25に記載の光活性材料。
- 前記光活性材料は光子透過性導電性材料である、請求項25に記載の光活性材料。
- 前記光活性材料は導波路材料であり、
前記導波路材料は、前記導波路材料の第1の部分上に入射する光量子束の特性を前記導波路材料の第2の部分へ伝達することができる、請求項25に記載の光活性材料。 - 前記光活性材料は、TiF3とTiNとの混合物を含む、請求項25に記載の光活性材料。
- 前記光子透過性導電性材料は、TiF3とTiNとの混合物を含む、請求項27に記載の光子透過性導電性材料。
- 前記導波路材料は、TiF3とTiNとの混合物を含む、請求項28に記載の導波路材料。
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US9941425B2 (en) | 2018-04-10 |
WO2017066059A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
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CN108352397A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
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US11362222B2 (en) | 2022-06-14 |
TW201732066A (zh) | 2017-09-16 |
KR20180070615A (ko) | 2018-06-26 |
US20210074865A1 (en) | 2021-03-11 |
KR20220084440A (ko) | 2022-06-21 |
US10861986B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
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JP6616500B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
CN115896750A (zh) | 2023-04-04 |
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