ES2352818T3 - Fagémidos para el rastreo de anticuerpos. - Google Patents
Fagémidos para el rastreo de anticuerpos. Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Uso de un fagémido que comprende ADN que codifica una proteína de fusión anticuerpo-proteína pIII de colifago en el que la proteína pIII de colifago comprende el dominio amino terminal y el dominio carboxi terminal de una proteína pIII de colifago para seleccionar anticuerpos que inhiben la unión del ligando al receptor.
Description
Fagémidos para el cribado de anticuerpos.
La presente invención se refiere a fagémidos
para la selección de anticuerpos específicos a partir de bibliotecas
recombinantes grandes, a la producción de estos fagémidos y a su
uso para seleccionar anticuerpos específicos a partir de
bibliotecas recombinantes grandes usando pequeñas cantidades de
antígeno.
Las bibliotecas de anticuerpos en plásmidos y
fagos se han establecido en E. coli a partir de familias de
inmunoglobulinas amplificadas por PCR después de una inmunización.
Los anticuerpos recombinantes frente a inmunógenos se seleccionaron
por un ensayo ELISA del sobrenadante bacteriano a partir de colonias
bacterianas aisladas (Ward, E.S., Güssow, D., Griffiths, A.D.,
Jones, P.T. y Winter, G.: "Binding activities of a repertoire of
single immunoglobulin variable domains secreted from Escherichia
coli", Nature 341 (1989) 544-546) o por
cribado de réplicas de la placa de colonias bacterianas en
nitrocelulosa para detectar la reactividad frente a los inmunógenos
marcados radiactivamente (Huse, W.D., Sastry, L., Iverson, S.A.,
Kang, A.S., Alting-Mees, M., Burton, D.R.,
Benkovic, S.J. y Lerner, R.A.: "Generation of a large
combinatorial library of the immunoglobulin repertoire in phage
lambda", Science 246 (1989) 1275-1281). Sin
embargo, para la selección de anticuerpos específicos a partir de
bibliotecas de cadenas ligeras y pesadas combinadas aleatoriamente
de animales no inmunizados que no contienen un predominio de
anticuerpos frente a un antígeno particular, se requiere un
procedimiento para cribar millones de bacterias que producen
anticuerpos.
anticuerpos.
Una forma posible de cribar un amplio rango de
anticuerpos es unir anticuerpos recombinantes a la superficie de
bacterias o bacteriófagos de manera que puedan seleccionarse
rápidamente por antígenos unidos a una fase sólida. Dadas las
dificultades de dirigir proteínas a la superficie celular de las
bacterias, un candidato atractivo debido a su pequeño tamaño y su
sencilla estructura genética es la familia M13 de bacteriófagos
filamentosos (para revisiones véanse Webster, R.E. y Lopez, J. en
"Virus Structure and Assembly" ed. S. Casjens, publ. Jones y
Bartlett Inc., Boston/Portala Valley, EEUU, 1985; Day, L.A., Marzec,
C.J., Reisberg, S.A. y Casadevall, A.: "DNA packaging in
filamentous bacteriophages", Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biophys. Chem. 17
(1988) 509-539).
Kang et al. (PNAS 1991, vol. 88, p
4363-4366) describe un método para el desarrollo y
análisis rápido de bibliotecas de Fab de anticuerpo combinatorias,
que se basa en un vector fagémido con fagos auxiliares.
WO 88/06630 se refiere a organismos modificados
genéticamente que presentan un producto expresado de un gen
insertado en su superficie. En particular, se describe un anticuerpo
monocatenario que se presenta en la superficie de un microorganismo
modificado genéticamente.
El producto del gen III (pIII) es una molécula
relativamente flexible y accesible compuesta por dos dominios
funcionales; un dominio amino terminal que se une al pilus F de
bacterias masculinas durante la infección y un dominio carboxilo
terminal incluido en el virión que es importante para la
morfogénesis. Pueden insertarse péptidos entre los dos dominios de
pIII (Smith, G.P.: Filamentous fusion phage: novel expression
vectors that display cloned antigens on the virion surface. Science
228 (1985) 1315-1317) o cerca del N terminal
(Parmley, S.F. y Smith, G.P.: Antibody-selectable
filamentous fd phage vectors: affinity purification of target genes.
Gene, 73 (1988) 305-318) sin destruir sus funciones
en la morfogénesis y la infección. Después de mucho trabajo pionero
en el uso de pIII en fagos fd para transportar péptidos extraños,
Parmely y Smith (1988, loc. cit.) mostraron que los epítopos
peptídicos insertados en el extremo amino terminal podían unir fagos
a anticuerpos inmovilizados. Como consecuencia de este trabajo, ha
sido posible generar bibliotecas peptídicas que pueden cribarse
para detectar la unión a ligandos y anticuerpos (Scott, J.K. y
Smith, G.P.: Searching for peptide ligands with an epitope library.
Science 249 (1990) 386-390; Devlin, J.J.,
Panganiban, L.C. y Devlin, P.E.: Random peptide libraries: A source
of specific protein binding molecules. Science 249 (1990)
404-406; Cwirla, S.E., Peters, E.A., Barrett, R.W.
y Dower, W.J. Peptides on phage, a vast library of peptides for
identifying ligands.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87 (1990)
6378-6382).
McCafferty, J., Griffiths, A.D., Winter, G. y
Chiswell, D.J.: Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying
antibody variable domains. Nature, 348 (1990)
552-554 publicaron el ensamblaje de una proteína de
fusión anticuerpo-pIII en un fago fd con un gen
Tet^{R} después de insertar ADN de anticuerpo en el extremo 5' del
gen III. El fago permaneció infeccioso y fue posible enriquecerlo
por cromatografía de afinidad. Sin embargo, se ha mostrado que los
fagos de fusión son útiles principalmente para insertos
relativamente pequeños, probablemente porque los insertos grandes
tienen un efecto adverso en la función de infectividad de pIII
(Parmlee y Smith, 1988, loc. cit.). Existe un riesgo elevado, por
lo tanto, de que las bibliotecas de fagos se encuentren rápidamente
dominadas por mutantes de deleción después de la amplificación de la
biblioteca.
Así, el problema técnico subyacente de la
presente invención es proporcionar un medio más eficaz para cribar
bibliotecas de anticuerpos en bacterias.
Este problema se resuelve proporcionando un
fagémido según la reivindicación 1 que expresa una proteína de
fusión anticuerpo-pIII funcional. Preferiblemente,
el anticuerpo es un anticuerpo monocatenario.
El ADN que codifica una proteína de fusión
anticuerpo-pIII, preferiblemente una proteína de
fusión anticuerpo monocatenario-pIII, se incorporó
en un fagémido. Una ventaja importante del sistema de fagémido de
esta invención respecto a McCafferty et al. (véase
anteriormente) es que puede propagarse como un plásmido y no está
bajo ninguna presión de selección para eliminar el ADN del
anticuerpo, ya que la expresión de la proteína de fusión está
fuertemente reprimida. Esto es particularmente importante durante la
amplificación de las bibliotecas de anticuerpo cuando los mutantes
de deleción que proliferan muy rápido pueden dominar rápidamente. El
ADN del fagémido, que es menor que la mitad del tamaño del ADN de
fago anterior, también transforma bacterias más eficazmente.
Además, en contraste con el sistema de fago mencionado
anteriormente, se producen grandes cantidades del ADN de fagémido
más pequeño y están disponibles grandes cantidades de proteína de
anticuerpo después de la inducción, facilitando así en gran medida
su análisis.
La expresión de la proteína de fusión
anticuerpo-pIII, particularmente la proteína de
fusión anticuerpo monocatenario-pIII, usando el
fagémido pSEX y su empaquetamiento en partículas virales facilitan
el establecimiento de sistemas bacterianos para el aislamiento de
anticuerpos de alta afinidad. Ahora pueden cribarse rápidamente
millones de clones que producen anticuerpos a partir de bibliotecas
de anticuerpos por unión al antígeno inmovilizado. Una ventaja
adicional respecto a los métodos de cribado convencionales es que
sólo se requieren cantidades pequeñas de antígeno, un factor
importante cuando el suministro de una proteína poco común es
limitado. Este sistema también ofrece la posibilidad de cribar
anticuerpos mutados aleatoriamente con el fin de incrementar sus
afinidades de unión. El procedimiento puede repetirse muchas veces
hasta que se consiga la especificidad deseada. Ahora es factible
por primera vez llevar a cabo análisis de cribado diferencial a gran
escala de células y organismos relacionados. Una selección
sustractiva, p.ej., usando células normales y neoplásicas, puede
usarse para identificar antígenos asociados a tumores. El sistema de
fagémido también se muestra extremadamente útil para investigar
interacciones moleculares p.ej. seleccionando anticuerpos que
inhiban la unión del ligando al receptor.
Además, el sistema de esta invención se ha
mostrado útil para presentar otras proteínas o péptidos en las
superficies de partículas virales de fagémidos. Para este propósito,
el ADN del anticuerpo tiene que reemplazarse con ADN del
polipéptido deseado.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
Los Ejemplos siguientes ilustran la presente
invención.
Los ADN que codifican un anticuerpo
monocatenario (scAb) y pIII se clonaron en pUC119 después de la
inserción de un conjunto específico de sitios de restricción y una
secuencia de unión sensible a proteasas en el sitio de clonación
múltiple. El ADN de Ab codificaba los dominios variables de la
cadena pesada y ligera de un Ab humanizado frente a lisozima de
huevo blanco de gallina obtenido del Ab D1.3
anti-lisozima (Amit et al., Science 233, p.
747-754, 1986; Verhoeyen, M. et al. Science
239 p. 1534-1536, 1988). Estos dominios se unieron
por una secuencia conectora de dieciocho aminoácidos que contiene
el epítopo para el Ab monoclonal YOL1/34 (Breitling, F. y Little,
M.: "Carboxy-terminal regions on the surface of
tubulin and microtubules: Epitope locations of YOL1/34, DM1A and
DM1B", J. Mol. Biol. 189 (1986), 367-370),
permitiendo así la identificación del Ab. Para proporcionar una
unión más flexible a pIII, el extremo 3' del ADN de la cadena ligera
se modificó por la adición de nucleótidos que codifican los
primeros seis aminoácidos del dominio constante kappa humano seguido
de un sitio de restricción BamHI. El ADN de pIII se amplificó a
partir del bacteriófago M13 usando cebadores correspondientes a los
extremos 5' y 3' del gen III. El ADN de Ab-pIII se
clonó en un fagémido de la familia pDS que contenía un promotor de
colifago T7 combinado con dos operadores lac (Bujard, H., Gentz, R.,
Lancer, M., Stüber, D., Müller, H.-M., Ibrahim, I., Häuptle, M.-T.
y Dobberstein, B.: "A T5 promoter-based
transcription-translation system for the analysis
of proteins in vitro and in vivo", Methods Enzymol.
155 (1987) 416-433; Lancer, M. y Bujard, H.:
"Promoters determine the efficiency of repressor action", Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988) 8973-8977); Müller,
H.-M. Tesis doctoral, Univ. de Heidelberg, 1989). En una etapa
final, el ADN que codifica la secuencia líder de la enzima
bacteriana pectato liasa se ligó al extremo 5' del ADN del Ab lo que
resulta en el fagémido pSEX (Fig. 1a). Las secuencias líder,
conectora y cebadores de PCR se muestran en la Fig. 1b. También se
empleó una secuencia conectora alternativa (Fig. 1c) con el epítopo
YOL1/34 situado en el extremo del conector que contiene un sitio de
restricción útil para la inserción de bibliotecas de Ab. Aunque
estos dos conectores etiqueta contenían un número significativo de
restos ácidos, parecían no tener efecto en la producción de scAb
funcionales cuando se comparó con scAb con conectores compuestos
sólo por los aminoácidos neutros glicina y serina.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
Para ensayar si el vector fagémido completo era
capaz de expresar la proteína de fusión de longitud completa, se
añadieron 100 \mumoles de IPTG a un cultivo en fase log de E.
coli transformado con pSEX. El cultivo mostró una disminución
acusada en su velocidad de crecimiento comparado con el control, lo
que indica una síntesis significativa de la proteína codificada por
el fagémido. En el análisis por transferencia Western, la
construcción anticuerpo-pIII se identificó mediante
tres anticuerpos; un anticuerpo monoclonal frente a parte de la
secuencia conectora (EEGEFSEAR) y dos sueros
anti-péptido de conejo frente a las secuencias N
terminales de las cadenas pesada y ligera (QVQLQQSGGG y DIQMTQSPSS,
respectivamente). Migró con un peso molecular aparente de 93 kd
(Fig. 2). El gran tamaño de la proteína de fusión (predicho: Mr
68.100) se debe lo más probablemente al componente pIII (Mr 42.100)
que migra con un peso molecular aparente de aproximadamente
55.000-70.000 kd (Goldsmith, M.E. y Königsberg,
W.H.: "Adsorption protein of the bacteriophage fd: isolation,
molecular properties and location in the virus", Biochemistry,
16 (1977) 2686-2694). La proteolisis parcial de la
proteína de fusión se indicó por la presencia de algunas bandas
menores de menor peso molecular que se tiñeron de manera idéntica
con los tres
anticuerpos.
anticuerpos.
El fraccionamiento celular mostró que la
proteína estaba presente en las fracciones citoplásmicas y de
membrana pero no en el periplasma ni en el sobrenadante del cultivo
(Fig. 2, carriles 3-6) en contraste con el
componente de anticuerpo solo sin pIII que se secretó en el
periplasma y el medio (datos no mostrados). Esto no resultó
sorprendente porque pIII se ensambla en las partículas de fago de la
membrana interna bacteriana, un proceso que parece que sólo es
dependiente del dominio C terminal. Los mutantes de deleción de pIII
sin este dominio pasan al periplasma sin unirse a la membrana
citoplásmica (Boeke, J.D. y Model, P.: "A prokaryotic membrane
anchor sequence: carboxyl terminus of bacteriophage f1 gene III
protein retained in the membrane", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79
(1982) 5200-5204) y no se ensamblan las partículas
de fago normales (Crissman, J.W. y Smith, G.P.: "Gene III protein
of filamentous phages: evidence for a
carboxy-terminal domain with a role in
morphogenesis", Virology, 132 (1984) 445-455).
La secuencia de anclaje es probablemente una cadena hidrofóbica de
veintitrés aminoácidos en el carboxilo terminal (Davis, N.G.,
Boeke, S. y Model, P.: "Fine structure of a membrane anchor
domain", J. Mol. Biol. 181 (1985)
111-121).
111-121).
La capacidad de la proteína de fusión para
unirse al antígeno se investigó haciendo pasar la fracción soluble
en tritón sobre una columna de lisozima unida a sefarosa. Las
transferencias Western del material no unido y las fracciones
obtenidas después de un lavado concienzudo y elución con 0,05 M
dietilamina mostraron que la proteína de fusión de longitud
completa se había retenido de hecho específicamente en la columna de
lisozima (Fig. 2, carriles 7-12).
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
Para determinar si el vector de expresión
fagémido podía empaquetarse, E. coli que contenían pSEX se
infectaron de manera múltiple con el fago fd. No se añadió IPTG
porque se encontró que tenía un efecto inhibidor en el
empaquetamiento del fagémido. Un descubrimiento similar se ha
publicado recientemente por Bass et al., Proteins 8,
309-314 (1990) que construyeron un fagémido que
expresa una proteína de fusión de hormona de crecimiento humana y
el dominio C terminal de pIII. El examen de la producción de
Ab-pIII con y sin IPTG después de añadir el fago fd
mostró que el fago solo era capaz de inducir la expresión (Fig. 3).
Una explicación posible es que uno de los productos génicos del
fago interfiere con la unión del represor lac al operador.
Alternativamente, la unión de las proteínas del fago a la región
intergénica podría afectar la topología del fagémido y causar la
liberación del represor lac. Independientemente de la razón, hemos
encontrado que el hecho de mover la región intergénica 10^{3}
nucleótidos hacia el otro lado del gen bla no tiene efecto en este
fenómeno (datos no mostrados).
La electroforesis en gel de agarosa del ADN de
las partículas virales secretadas en el medio mostró, además del
ADN monocatenario de fd, una mayor cantidad de ADN más pequeño que
tenía un tamaño comparable a pSEX monocatenario. Una prueba
adicional del empaquetamiento del fagémido y de la producción de
partículas infecciosas se mostró mediante la infección de E.
coli con las partículas virales secretadas. Se obtuvieron
10^{10}/ml colonias Amp^{R} de E. coli en comparación
con 3x10^{9} pfu.
Para determinar si el fagémido empaquetado había
incorporado la proteína de fusión anticuerpo-pIII,
se mezclaron 90 \mul de sobrenadante del cultivo que contienen 5
x 10^{8} fagémidos empaquetados determinado como unidades de
transducción Amp^{R} con un exceso de 1.000 veces de fago fd de
tipo salvaje y se pasaron sobre una columna de lisozima
inmovilizada. Después de lavar concienzudamente con diez volúmenes
de lecho de PBS, 1M NaCl y 0,5 M NaCl en 0,1 M NaHCO_{3} a pH
8,3, respectivamente, las partículas de fagémido se eluyeron con
0,05 M dietilamina. El eluato se neutralizó con 0,5 M
NaH_{2}PO_{4} y se ensayó para determinar el número de fagos y
fagémidos empaquetados (Tabla). Se consiguió un enriquecimiento
específico de hasta 121 veces, demostrando así la incorporación de
las construcciones anticuerpo-pIII funcionales en
las partículas de fagémido. Las propiedades de unión de las
partículas de fagémido podrían incrementarse más usando un mutante
de deleción de pIII para el empaquetamiento. Esto aseguraría que
sólo se empaquetarían aquellos fagémidos que codifican proteínas de
fusión funcionales y las cinco proteínas pIII en una partícula de
fagémido estarían fusionadas a anticuerpos.
Fig. 1 Construcción de pSEX, un fagémido para el
cribado de anticuerpos
VH y VL son dominios variables de la cadena
pesada y ligera, respectivamente, de un Ab
anti-lisozima.
\newpage
a) Construcción.
Para proporcionar los sitios de restricción
necesarios, los oligonucleótidos
5'GCTGAATTCGGATCCATAGGGCCCTCTAGAGTCGA3'
y
5'AATTGTCGACTCTAGAGGGCCCTATGGATCCGAATTCAGCTGCA3'
se fosforilaron en 5', se hibridaron y se
ligaron a pUC119 que había sido escindido con PstI y EcoRI y
desfosforilado. En una etapa opcional para crear una secuencia
sensible a proteasas, los oligonucleótidos hibridados
5'GATCCAAAGATATCAGAGGGCC3' y 5'CTCTGATATCTTTG3'
se insertaron entre los sitios BamHI y ApaI del primer conjunto de
oligonucleótidos. El ADN de scAB se insertó entre los sitios PstI y
BamHI seguido de la ligación de extremos romos del ADN de pIII
después de escindir el fagémido con ApaI y de tratar con la ADN
polimerasa T4 para eliminar los extremos protuberantes en 3'. pSEX
se construyó combinando el sitio de clonación múltiple de
pUHE24-2 con el fagémido muy relacionado
pDS31-1 que contiene una región intergénica f1
adicional (Bujard et al., 1987, véase anteriormente; Müller,
1989, véase anteriormente). La secuencia de pDS31-1
se extiende desde Xho1 en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj
hasta un sitio HindIII (en paréntesis) que se había perdido después
de una ligación de extremos romos. pUHE24-2 es
esencialmente idéntico a pDS6 (Bujard et al., 1987) con un
promotor del colifago T7 combinado con dos operadores lac y un sitio
de unión a ribosomas (PA1/04/03, Lancer y Bujard, 1988, véase
anteriormente; Lanzer, 1988, véase anteriormente). El fagémido
resultante se escindió con HindIII y los extremos protuberantes en
5' se rellenaron con fragmento Klenow. Después de una digestión
adicional con PstI, el fragmento de ADN de Ab-pIII
PstI-HincII se insertó en el fagémido. En una etapa
final, se insertó ADN sintético que codifica la secuencia líder de
la enzima bacteriana pectato liasa y los primeros cuatro
aminoácidos de la cadena pesada entre los sitios de restricción NcoI
y PstI. Los plásmidos pUHE se propagaron en E. coli
71-18 con el plásmido pDM1 que expresa el represor
lac, los plásmidos pUC se propagaron en DH5 y la proteína de fusión
anticuerpo-pIII se expresó en JM101.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
b) Secuencia del sitio de unión a ribosomas
(RBS), secuencia líder de la pectato liasa, conector etiqueta y los
cebadores de PCR para pIII.
Los aminoácidos subrayados indican el epítopo
para YOL1/34. Los aminoácidos siguientes en la secuencia conectora
son una continuación de la secuencia de tubulina.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
c) Secuencia conector etiqueta alternativa.
Los aminoácidos subrayados indican el epítopo
para YOL1/34. Los aminoácidos conectores anteriores son una
continuación de la secuencia de Ab en el dominio constante.
Fig. 2 Inducibilidad, localización celular e
unión al antígeno de la proteína de fusión
anticuerpo-pIII analizada por electroforesis en gel
en geles de poliacrilamida al 8% y transferencia Western
Carriles 1 y 2: Células totales después de 1 h
de inducción con 100 \muM IPTG (1) o sin IPTG (2).
Carriles 3-6: Fraccionamiento
celular; 3: sobrenadante del cultivo, 4: fracción periplásmica
enriquecida, 5: fraccionamiento citoplásmico soluble, 6: extracto
con tritón al 1%.
Carriles 7-12: Cromatografía de
afinidad con lisozima del extracto con tritón al 1% a partir de
células inducidas y no inducidas, 7: efluente (+IPTG), 8: efluente
(-IPTG), 9: último lavado (+IPTG), 10: último lavado (-IPTG), 11:
eluato (+IPTG), 12: eluato (-IPTG).
Los carriles 1-6 se tiñeron
usando el anticuerpo monoclonal YOL1/34 (Serotec, Oxford, Reino
Unido) y los carriles 7-12 usando un antisuero
frente a la secuencia N terminal de la cadena ligera.
Los antisueros frente a las cadenas pesada y
ligera se obtuvieron por la inyección subcutánea a conejos de los
péptidos amino terminales QVQLQQSGGG(AC) y
DIQMTQSPSS(AC), respectivamente, acoplados a hemocianina de
lapa. Para investigar la expresión de la proteína de fusión, las
bacterias sedimentadas de cultivos inducidos con IPTG se
resuspendieron en 30 mM de tampón Tris/HCl, pH 8,0, que contiene 20%
sacarosa, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mg/ml de lisozima de pollo y se incubaron
durante 10 min en hielo. Después de centrifugar durante 1 min a
15.000 g, el sobrenadante que contiene las proteínas periplásmicas
se recogió y el sedimento se sonicó en 0,1 M Tris/HCl pH 8,0. La
fracción citosólica soluble se decantó después de centrifugar
durante 5 min a 15.000 g y el sedimento resuspendido se incubó en
1% Tritón X100 para obtener la fracción unida a membrana. Todas las
fracciones se analizaron para determinar la actividad
\beta-lactamasa según Plückthun, A. y Knowles,
J.R.: "The consequences of stepwise deletions from the
signal-processing site for
\beta-lactamase", J. Biol. Chem. 262 (1987)
3951-3957 para evaluar la eficacia del
procedimiento de fraccionamiento. La fracción soluble de tritón se
diluyó 100 veces con PBS antes de aplicarla a columnas de afinidad.
Para la cromatografía de afinidad, se acopló lisozima de pollo
(Boehringer, Mannheim, FRG) a Sefarosa activada con bromuro de
cianógeno (Pharmacia) según las instrucciones del fabricante. La
Sefarosa-lisozima se incubó durante 20 min a
temperatura ambiente con los extractos y se vertió en columnas que
posteriormente se lavaron con diez volúmenes de lecho de PBS, 1M
NaCl y 0,5M NaCl en 0,1M NaHCO_{3} a pH 8,3, respectivamente,
antes de eluirla con 0,05M dietilamina. Todas las fracciones se
precipitaron con ácido tricloroacético (concentración final 20%) y
se resolvieron en geles de poliacrilamida con SDS (Laemmli, Reino
Unido: "Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the
head of the bacteriophage T4". Nature 227 (1970)
680-685). Se realizaron transferencias Western según
Towbin, H. Staehelin, T. y Gordon, I.: "Electrophoretic transfer
of protein from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets:
procedures and some applications", (1979), Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA 76, 4350-4354, usando anticuerpos
secundarios acoplados a peroxidasa de rábano con diaminobencideno
como sustrato.
Fig. 3 Electroforesis en gel de pSEX
monocatenario circular
Carril 1: fd, carril 2: fagémido
pUHE31-1 control con fd, carril 3: pSEXI con fd.
El ADN de viriones fd y de partículas de
fagémido empaquetadas se aplicaron en geles de agarosa al 0,8% en
1xTBE según Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. y Maniatis, T. en Molecular
Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2a. ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
(1989) y se tiñeron con bromuro de etidio.
Para la preparación de los fagémidos
empaquetados, E. coli JM101 que contiene pSEXI se plaquearon
en medio mínimo M9 y se incubaron durante 30 h a 37ºC. Se
inocularon 2 ml del mismo medio con una de las colonias y se incubó
a 37ºC con aireación vigorosa hasta que alcanzó una densidad óptica
de aproximadamente 0,2 a 600 nm. Se añadieron 0,5 ml de medio LB y
un exceso de 10 veces de fago fd al cultivo y se incubó durante 3 h
más a 37ºC. Después de centrifugar cuidadosamente dos veces a 15.000
g durante 5 min a temperatura ambiente, el sobrenadante se ajustó a
una concentración final de 4% de polietilen glicol (Serva PEG 6000)
y 0,5M NaCl y se dejó reposar toda la noche a 4ºC. Los fagémidos se
sedimentaron por centrifugación a 15.000 g durante 20 min a
temperatura ambiente y se suspendieron en 200 \mul de un tampón
Tris-EDTA, pH 7,5. El ADN de los fagémidos se
preparó por agitación con un volumen de fenol durante diez minutos
seguido de tratamiento con cloroformo-isopropanol y
se precipitó con isopropanol (Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. y
Maniatis, T. en "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual", 2a.
ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989)).
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Las realizaciones de la invención también pueden
encontrarse en las reivindicaciones de la aplicación anterior en la
versión según se presentó originalmente:
1. Proceso para preparar un fagémido que
comprende ADN que codifica una proteína de fusión a partir de un
polipéptido y una proteína pIII de colifago, en el que la proteína
pIII de colifago comprende el dominio amino terminal y el dominio
carboxi terminal de una proteína pIII de colifago, en el que el ADN,
que codifica una proteína de fusión de un polipéptido y una
proteína pIII de colifago, se incorpora en un vector fagémido.
2. Proceso según la reivindicación 1, en el que
el polipéptido es un anticuerpo.
3. Proceso según la reivindicación 1, en el que
el polipéptido es un anticuerpo monocatenario.
4. Proceso según una de las reivindicaciones 1 a
3, en el que se inserta una secuencia sensible a proteasas entre la
secuencia de ADN que codifica el polipéptido y la secuencia de ADN
que codifica la proteína pIII de colifago.
5. Uso de un fagémido según una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 4 para seleccionar polipéptidos específicos de
bibliotecas de polipéptidos.
6. Uso según la reivindicación 5 para
seleccionar anticuerpos específicos de bibliotecas de
anticuerpos.
7. Uso del fagémido según una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 4 para exponer polipéptidos en la superficie de
partículas de fagémidos.
8. Biblioteca de polipéptidos en fagémidos que
comprende los fagémidos según se han definido en una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 4.
9. Biblioteca de polipéptidos en fagémidos que
comprende los fagémidos según se han definido en una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 4, en la que los fagémidos están empaquetados
en partículas virales.
10. Uso de una biblioteca según la
reivindicación 8 ó 9 para seleccionar polipéptidos específicos.
11. Uso de una biblioteca según la
reivindicación 8 ó 9 para seleccionar anticuerpos específicos.
12. Uso según la reivindicación 10 u 11 que
comprende además la producción de los anticuerpos o polipéptidos
seleccionados.
Claims (2)
1. Uso de un fagémido que comprende ADN que
codifica una proteína de fusión anticuerpo-proteína
pIII de colifago en el que la proteína pIII de colifago comprende
el dominio amino terminal y el dominio carboxi terminal de una
proteína pIII de colifago para seleccionar anticuerpos que inhiben
la unión del ligando al receptor.
2. Uso según la reivindicación 1, en el que
dicho anticuerpo es un anticuerpo monocatenario.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4122599A DE4122599C2 (de) | 1991-07-08 | 1991-07-08 | Phagemid zum Screenen von Antikörpern |
DE4122599 | 1991-07-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2352818T3 true ES2352818T3 (es) | 2011-02-23 |
Family
ID=6435698
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES00118282T Expired - Lifetime ES2323444T3 (es) | 1991-07-08 | 1992-07-06 | Fagemido para la seleccion de anticuerpos. |
ES08017685T Expired - Lifetime ES2352818T3 (es) | 1991-07-08 | 1992-07-06 | Fagémidos para el rastreo de anticuerpos. |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES00118282T Expired - Lifetime ES2323444T3 (es) | 1991-07-08 | 1992-07-06 | Fagemido para la seleccion de anticuerpos. |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US5849500A (es) |
EP (3) | EP2025753B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JPH06500930A (es) |
AT (3) | ATE199936T1 (es) |
DE (4) | DE4122599C2 (es) |
DK (3) | DK1065271T3 (es) |
ES (2) | ES2323444T3 (es) |
WO (1) | WO1993001288A1 (es) |
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DE3852304T3 (de) * | 1987-03-02 | 1999-07-01 | Enzon Labs Inc., Piscataway, N.J. | Organismus als Träger für "Single Chain Antibody Domain (SCAD)". |
DE68927933T2 (de) * | 1988-09-02 | 1997-08-14 | Dyax Corp | Herstellung und auswahl von rekombinantproteinen mit verschiedenen bindestellen |
US5427908A (en) * | 1990-05-01 | 1995-06-27 | Affymax Technologies N.V. | Recombinant library screening methods |
AU8081491A (en) * | 1990-06-01 | 1991-12-31 | Cetus Corporation | Compositions and methods for identifying biologically active molecules |
GB9015198D0 (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1990-08-29 | Brien Caroline J O | Binding substance |
US6172197B1 (en) | 1991-07-10 | 2001-01-09 | Medical Research Council | Methods for producing members of specific binding pairs |
DE69129154T2 (de) * | 1990-12-03 | 1998-08-20 | Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, Calif. | Verfahren zur anreicherung von proteinvarianten mit geänderten bindungseigenschaften |
DE4122599C2 (de) * | 1991-07-08 | 1993-11-11 | Deutsches Krebsforsch | Phagemid zum Screenen von Antikörpern |
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1991
- 1991-07-08 DE DE4122599A patent/DE4122599C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1992
- 1992-06-07 US US07/982,743 patent/US5849500A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-06 DE DE59210008T patent/DE59210008D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-06 AT AT92914199T patent/ATE199936T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-06 ES ES00118282T patent/ES2323444T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-06 EP EP08017685A patent/EP2025753B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1992-07-06 DK DK00118282T patent/DK1065271T3/da active
- 1992-07-06 AT AT08017685T patent/ATE481488T1/de active
- 1992-07-06 ES ES08017685T patent/ES2352818T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-06 EP EP00118282A patent/EP1065271B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-06 DE DE59210010T patent/DE59210010D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-06 JP JP5501964A patent/JPH06500930A/ja active Pending
- 1992-07-06 DK DK92914199T patent/DK0547201T3/da active
- 1992-07-06 EP EP92914199A patent/EP0547201B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1992-07-06 DE DE59209896T patent/DE59209896D1/de not_active Revoked
- 1992-07-06 WO PCT/EP1992/001524 patent/WO1993001288A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-07-06 DK DK08017685.2T patent/DK2025753T3/da active
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1999
- 1999-10-07 US US09/414,005 patent/US6127132A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2000-08-25 US US09/645,436 patent/US6387627B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP2025753A2 (de) | 2009-02-18 |
DE59210008D1 (de) | 2009-05-07 |
DK2025753T3 (da) | 2010-12-13 |
ATE199936T1 (de) | 2001-04-15 |
DK0547201T3 (da) | 2001-07-23 |
US6127132A (en) | 2000-10-03 |
EP1065271B1 (de) | 2009-03-25 |
WO1993001288A1 (de) | 1993-01-21 |
US5985588A (en) | 1999-11-16 |
DE4122599C2 (de) | 1993-11-11 |
EP2025753A3 (de) | 2009-07-08 |
JPH06500930A (ja) | 1994-01-27 |
EP0547201B1 (de) | 2001-03-21 |
DK1065271T3 (da) | 2009-06-15 |
ATE481488T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
EP0547201A1 (de) | 1993-06-23 |
US6387627B1 (en) | 2002-05-14 |
DE59210010D1 (de) | 2010-10-28 |
US20020160463A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
US6730483B2 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
DE59209896D1 (de) | 2001-04-26 |
DE4122599A1 (de) | 1993-02-04 |
EP2025753B1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
ES2323444T3 (es) | 2009-07-16 |
US5849500A (en) | 1998-12-15 |
ATE426667T1 (de) | 2009-04-15 |
EP1065271A1 (de) | 2001-01-03 |
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