JP6975720B2 - 腫瘍の診断および治療におけるAkt2の使用 - Google Patents
腫瘍の診断および治療におけるAkt2の使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6975720B2 JP6975720B2 JP2018546727A JP2018546727A JP6975720B2 JP 6975720 B2 JP6975720 B2 JP 6975720B2 JP 2018546727 A JP2018546727 A JP 2018546727A JP 2018546727 A JP2018546727 A JP 2018546727A JP 6975720 B2 JP6975720 B2 JP 6975720B2
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Description
特に断りのない限り、総ての技術用語および科学用語は、当業者によって一般的に使用されている意味を有する。特に断りのない限り、総ての特許、特許出願、刊行物、GenBank配列、ウェブサイト、および他の刊行物は、引用することにより本明細書の一部とされる。本明細書で使用される用語にいくつかの定義がある場合、本節の定義が優先される。URLまたは別の識別子またはアドレスを記述するときは、いつでもインターネット上の情報に従って変更および更新することができ、関連情報はインターネットを検索することによって見つけられ得ることを理解されたい。本開示は、公に利用できるようにするための基礎として使用し得る。
CCRF−CEM細胞(ヒト由来の急性Tリンパ球性白血病細胞株、中国科学アカデミー上海生化学細胞生物学研究所(Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology、Chinese Academy of Sciences)から購入)を、10%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS、Gibco社)を添加したRPMI 1640完全培地(Gibco社)が入った細胞培養皿(CORNING社)に1×105細胞/mlの密度で接種し、対数増殖期に達するまで、5%CO2、37℃のインキュベーター(Thermo社)内で培養した;次いで、細胞培養皿に、デキサメタゾン(DEX、Sangon Biotech(上海)Co.、Ltd.)を終濃度0.1μMまたは1μMに添加し、5%CO2および37℃でさらに48時間培養し、細胞を回収した。対照群にはいずれの試薬も添加しなかった。総ての実験を3反復で行った。
CCRF−CEM細胞を、5%CO2および37℃のインキュベーター(Thermo社)内で、10%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS、Gibco社)および1μMデキサメタゾン(DEX、Sangon Biotech(上海)Co.、Ltd.)を含有するRPMI 1640完全培地(Gibco社)で培養し、85%〜90%集密度に達したときに、培地の1/2〜2/3をピペッティングし新鮮培地を添加することにより継代培養し、20代目の細胞を、1μM、25μM、50μMおよび100μMの濃度のデキサメタゾンで48時間処理した。フローサイトメトリーによって検出されたアポトーシスは有意に増加せず、グルココルチコイド耐性細胞株CEM−DRが得られたことが示唆された。次いで、実施例1に記載のとおり、対数増殖期に達するようにCEM−DR細胞を培養し、異なる濃度のデキサメタゾンを添加した後、アネキシンV−FITC PI二重染色によってアポトーシスを検出し、ウエスタンブロットによってタンパク質を検出した。Bim抗体(ウサギ由来)はCST社から購入した。
本発明者らは、Akt阻害剤Akt IVおよび他の細胞増殖経路阻害剤のグルココルチコイド誘導性腫瘍細胞アポトーシスに対する感作効果を比較した。他の細胞増殖経路阻害剤としては、PI3K阻害剤LY294002、Notch1経路阻害剤dapt(異常なNotch経路は、ホルモン誘導性アポトーシスに対する胸腺細胞耐性につながる可能性がある)、解糖阻害剤2−DG(研究により2−DGはグルココルチコイドに対する感受性を高めることができることが確認されている)およびSGKs経路(グルココルチコイド誘導性キナーゼ)阻害剤GSKを含む。
ヌードマウスBalb/c(復旦大学薬学研究所(the Institute of Pharmacy、Fudan University)動物研究センターから購入)を復旦大学薬学研究所動物実験センター特定病原体フリー(SPF)動物飼育室で飼育した。対数増殖期のCCRF−CEM細胞を回収し、無血清RPMI 1640培地中に約1×108/mlの細胞密度に再懸濁した。4週齢の免疫不全雌ヌードマウスを選択し、0.1ml/マウス(約1×107細胞/マウス)での細胞懸濁液の腋窩皮下注射により処置した。4週間成長させ、腫瘍サイズが300〜500mm3に達したら、実験のためにマウスをランダムにグループ分けした。マウスに0.1mg/マウスのデキサメタゾンと1.25μg/マウスのAkt阻害剤とを、1日1回、連続して7日間腹膜内注射した。担癌マウスの全生存時間、腫瘍サイズおよび脾臓細胞アポトーシスを測定し、腫瘍に対して病理学的HE染色を行った。
肝臓に対してAkt阻害剤IVの毒性が存在するかどうかをさらに調べるために、マウスにおける末梢血肝臓酵素ALTおよびASTのレベルを測定した。
実施例3に記載のとおり、細胞を、対数増殖期に達するまで、5%CO2および37℃下の10%ウシ胎仔血清を含有するRPMI 1640完全培地で培養し、次いで、培養培地に、デキサメタゾンおよび異なる濃度のAkt阻害剤を添加し、続いて、さらなる培養を行い(デキサメタゾン/DMSOの添加では48時間、阻害剤の添加では24時間)、実施例1に記載のとおり、アネキシンV−FITC PI二重染色によってアポトーシスを検出し、ウエスタンブロットによってタンパク質を検出し、さらに、CCK−8法によって細胞生存率を検出した。
細胞生存率(%)=[(As−Ab)/(Ac−Ab)]×100%,
As:試験ウェル(細胞、CCK−8、毒性物質を含有する培地)
Ac:対照ウェル(毒性物質を含まない、細胞、CCK−8を含有する培地)
Ab:ブランクウェル(細胞および毒性物質、CCK−8を含まない培地)。
CCK−8法(CCK−8キット)により、様々なリンパ球系に対する2種類の薬物(デキサメタゾンおよび阻害剤)の単独および組合せでの阻害効果を観察し、次いで、各薬物の半阻害濃度(the half-inhibitory concentration)を、メジアン効果式(the median effect equation)を用いて計算し、組合せに使用した2種類の薬物の組合せ指数(CI)を、CompuSynソフトウエアを使用して計算した。
方法:CCRF−CEM細胞を、対数増殖期に達するまで、5%CO2および37℃のインキュベーター(Thermo社)内で、10%ウシ胎仔血清(FBS、Gibco社)を含有するRPMI 1640完全培地(Gibco社)で培養し、次いで、培養培地に、DMSO、デキサメタゾンおよび異なる阻害剤(DMSO:0.1%、デキサメタゾン:0.1μM、阻害剤:0.8μM)を添加し、さらに培養し(デキサメタゾンまたはDMSOの添加では48時間、阻害剤の添加では24時間)、実施例1に記載のとおり、ウエスタンブロットによってタンパク質を検出した。
リアルタイム定量的PCRアッセイ
1.mRNAプライマーの配列設計および合成
Akt1およびAkt2プライマー配列は以下のとおりである:
Akt1 センス鎖プライマー:5’−GCTGGACGATAGCTTGGA−3’(配列番号1)
アンチセンスプライマー:5’−GATGACAGATAGCTGGTG−3’(配列番号2)
Akt2 センス鎖プライマー:5’−GGCCCCTGATCAGACTCTA−3’(配列番号3)
アンチセンスプライマー:5’−TCCTCAGTCGTGGAGGAGT−3’(配列番号4)
RNArose試薬の指示に基づいて、細胞の全RNAを抽出した:
(1)5×106細胞を1ml TRlZOL試薬に加え、続いて、室温で5分間放置した;
(2)200μlのクロロホルムを添加し(クロロホルムとRNArose試薬との比は1:5であった)、その後、15秒間撹拌し、続いて、15−30℃で2〜3分間放置した;
(3)得られた混合物を12000rpmで、4℃で15分間遠心分離した;
(4)400μlの上方の水相を新しいRNアーゼフリー遠心管に移し、40μlの3M酢酸ナトリウム溶液(pH5.5)および1mlの無水エタノールを添加し、続いて、−20℃で4時間以上沈殿させ、全RNAを得た;
(5)生成物を12,000rpmで、4℃で10分間遠心分離し、上清を廃棄した;
(6)ペレットを1000μl(1:1)の75%エタノールで洗浄し、続いて、−20℃で一晩または次の工程のために放置した;
(7)生成物を12,000rpmで、4℃で5分間遠心分離し、上清を廃棄し、ペレットを真空乾燥または風乾させた;
(8)RNAを30μlのRNアーゼフリー水に溶解し、撹拌し、数秒間軽く遠心分離し、55℃〜60℃で10分間インキュベートし、その後、使用のために−70℃の冷凍庫に入れた。;
(9)UV分光光度計を用いた核酸定量分析のために上記溶液を少量採取し、OD260およびOD280の値を測定して全RNAの濃度および純度を決定し、RNA濃度を調整し、1%アガロースゲル電気泳動により抽出物の質を観察した。RT−PCRによってmRNA発現を検出した。
全RNA 1μg
dNTP(0.5mmol) 10mM
RTプライマー(2pmol) 10μM
65℃5分
氷上で2分
5×First strand bull 5μl
DDT(5mM) 0.1M
RNaseOut(4U) 40U/μl
スーパースクリプトTMIII逆転写酵素 100U
水(容量50μlまで添加)
穏やかに混合
55℃60分
70℃15分
cDNA反応産物を得た。
上記逆転写からのcDNAを1:10に希釈し、鋳型として使用し、Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix(ABI社)を使用してリアルタイムPCR反応を行った。反応系は以下の通りであった。
センスプライマー(100μM) 1μl
アンチセンスプライマー(100μM) 1μl
cDNA鋳型 2μl
水を全容量20μlまで加え、リアルタイムPCR分析装置7500fast(ABI社)を使用した。反応条件は以下のとおりであった:
1)94℃5分
2)94℃30秒
3)55℃30秒
4)72℃30秒
5)プレート読み取り
6)〜2)45サイクル繰返し
7)72℃2分
8)融解曲線:60℃〜95℃、0.5℃あたり90秒保持、プレート読み取り。
トランスフェクション試薬としてInterferin(商標)を用いて、トランスフェクト細胞を選択し、蘇生後3〜5継代の間継代培養した。トランスフェクション手順はトランスフェクション試薬の指示に従って行った。要するに、対数増殖期の細胞を2×105/ウェルで播種し、トランスフェクション中に細胞を新鮮な完全培地(抗生物質を含まない)と交換し、siRNAをOpti−MEMで希釈し、適当な量のINTERFERin(商標)を添加し、混合し、室温で10分間インキュベートした後、細胞に滴下し、適当な時間に細胞を回収した。細胞に緑色フルオレセイン標識siRNA(FAM−siRNA)(終濃度20μMのsiRNA、1.25μl/ウェル)をトランスフェクトし、24時間後に蛍光顕微鏡を用いてトランスフェクション効率を観察した。トランスフェクションの24時間後にデキサメタゾン群を添加し、続いて、さらに24時間培養を行った後、観察のために細胞を回収した;対照群には等量の無水エタノールを添加した。
AUGAUGAAGGUGUUGGGCCTT(配列番号6)
Akt2 siRNA: GGUUCUUCCUCAGCAUCAATT(配列番号7)
UUGAUGCUGAGGAAGAACCTT(配列番号8)
L−02ヒト由来の健康な肝細胞株は、中国科学アカデミー上海生化学細胞生物学研究所から購入した。ヌードマウスは、復旦大学薬学研究所動物研究センターから購入し、復旦大学薬学研究所動物実験センター特定病原体フリー(SPF)動物飼育室で飼育した。
対数増殖期のCCRF−CEM細胞を回収し、無血清RPMI1640培地中に約1×108/mlの細胞密度で再懸濁した。4週齢の免疫不全雌ヌードマウスを選択し、0.1ml/マウス(約1×107細胞/マウス)の細胞懸濁液の腋窩皮下注射により処置し、4週間成長させ、腫瘍サイズ300〜500mm3に到達させたら、実験のためにマウスをランダムにグループ分けした。マウスに0.1mg/マウスのデキサメタゾンと1.25μg/マウスのAkt1阻害剤、Akt2阻害剤またはAkt1/2阻害剤とを、1日1回、連続して7日間腹膜内注射した。担癌マウスの全生存期間、腫瘍サイズおよび脾臓サイズを測定し、腫瘍の病理学的切片はHE染色およびKi−67染色について得、脾臓の病理学的切片はHE染色、CD3染色、およびTdT染色について得た。
1.感受性細胞株と比較して、細胞内Akt2の発現は、グルココルチコイド耐性腫瘍リンパ球系において有意に増加した。リンパ球におけるAkt2の発現の差異は、グルココルチコイドに対する感受性の程度にある程度まで影響を及ぼしかつ反映し得、細胞におけるAkt2タンパク質の過剰発現は、リンパ球におけるグルココルチコイド耐性を生じる重要な機構であり得、Akt2は、リンパ腫におけるグルココルチコイド耐性逆転のより正確な治療標的として使用し得る。Akt2はまた、リンパ球がグルココルチコイド耐性であるか否かを診断するための指標としても使用し得る。
Claims (21)
- 前記医薬組成物が、薬学的に許容可能な担体、賦形剤および/または希釈剤を含んでなる、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記Akt2 mRNAの干渉RNA分子が、配列番号7または8で表されるヌクレオチド分子である、請求項1に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記グルココルチコイドが、デキサメタゾン、ベタメタゾン、トリアムシノロン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、ベクロメタゾン、プレドニゾロン、プレドニゾン、メチルプレドニゾロン、ヒドロコルチゾン、酢酸コルチゾン、ブデソニド、二プロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、シクレソニド、コルチゾン、メチルプレドニゾロン、酪酸クロベタゾール、フルオシノニド、二プロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、フロ酸モメタゾン、ハルシノニド、プロピオン酸クロベタゾール、ハルシノニド、ハロメタゾンおよび二酢酸ジフロラゾンからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記グルココルチコイドがデキサメタゾンである、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍がリンパ球由来腫瘍である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍が、リンパ球性白血病、リンパ腫および骨髄腫からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍がT細胞由来の腫瘍である、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍が、急性リンパ球性白血病、慢性リンパ球性白血病、B細胞リンパ腫、T細胞リンパ腫、Tリンパ球性白血病、およびT細胞リンパ腫または骨髄腫からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍は、バーキットリンパ腫、急性Tリンパ球性白血病および骨髄腫からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記医薬組成物が薬学的に許容可能な担体、賦形剤または希釈剤を含んでなる、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記Akt2 mRNAの干渉RNA分子が、配列番号7または8で表されるヌクレオチド分子である、請求項11に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記グルココルチコイドが、デキサメタゾン、ベタメタゾン、トリアムシノロン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、ベクロメタゾン、プレドニゾロン、プレドニゾン、メチルプレドニゾロン、ヒドロコルチゾン、酢酸コルチゾン、ブデソニド、二プロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、シクレソニド、コルチゾン、メチルプレドニゾロン、酪酸クロベタゾール、フルオシノニド、二プロピオン酸ベクロメタゾン、フロ酸モメタゾン、ハルシノニド、プロピオン酸クロベタゾール、ハルシノニド、ハロメタゾンおよび二酢酸ジフロラゾンからなる群から選択される、請求項11〜13のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記グルココルチコイドがデキサメタゾンである、請求項14に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍がリンパ球由来腫瘍である、請求項11〜15のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍が、リンパ球性白血病、リンパ腫および骨髄腫からなる群から選択される、請求項11〜15のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍がT細胞由来の腫瘍である、請求項11〜15のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍が、急性リンパ球性白血病、慢性リンパ球性白血病、B細胞リンパ腫、T細胞リンパ腫、Tリンパ球性白血病、およびT細胞リンパ腫または骨髄腫からなる群から選択される、請求項11〜15のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記腫瘍が、バーキットリンパ腫、急性Tリンパ球性白血病および骨髄腫からなる群から選択される、請求項11〜15のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
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