CN1829792A - 用苹果酸酶活性减弱的埃希氏菌生产l-赖氨酸或l-苏氨酸的方法 - Google Patents
用苹果酸酶活性减弱的埃希氏菌生产l-赖氨酸或l-苏氨酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种具有产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的埃希氏菌,经修饰使其胞内的苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能;以及一种生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的方法,包括在培养基中培养细菌以生产和积累L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸,并从培养基中收集L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及使用埃希氏菌(Escherichia bacterium)生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的方法。L-赖氨酸和L-苏氨酸是必需氨基酸,并且是药物组合物和多种营养混合物的有效成分,比如动物饲料添加剂。
背景技术
产L-氨基酸细菌,如具有产L-氨基酸能力的棒状杆菌(coryneformbacteria)或者埃希氏菌,已被用来通过发酵工业化生产L-氨基酸如L-赖氨酸和L-苏氨酸。为提高生产能力,从自然界分离出的菌株、其人工突变株或其中L-氨基酸生物合成酶活性通过基因重组得到提高的重组菌株已被用作L-氨基酸生产菌株。在专利文献1-4中例举了L-赖氨酸的生产方法。在专利文献5-8中例举了L-苏氨酸的生产方法。
提高诸如L-赖氨酸和L-苏氨酸的氨基酸生产能力的方法包括修饰呼吸链途径以提高能量(转换)效率(专利文献13),提高烟酰胺核苷酸转移脱氢酶活性以提高产烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADP)的能力(专利文献9),以及提高内源的生物合成途径中某个酶的表达量的方法。
另外,修饰氨基酸生物合成系统中的共同途径的方法也是已知的,包括修饰产L-氨基酸细菌的回补途径,如丙酮酸羧化酶活性被提高的产L-赖氨酸棒状杆菌(专利文献10),丙酮酸激酶缺陷的产L-赖氨酸埃希氏菌(专利文献11),苹果酸奎宁氧化还原酶缺陷的产L-赖氨酸棒状杆菌(专利文献12)。
苹果酸酶是回补途径中的一个酶。已知在埃希氏菌中,sfcA和b2463基因都编码苹果酸酶(非专利文献9)。但是,尚未见报道降低sfcA和b2463基因编码的苹果酸酶活性对提高L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的产量是否有效。
代谢流量分析,也指代谢流量平衡分析,是一种预测胞内代谢流量分布的技术,它是通过胞内生化反应的化学计量模型的建立和线性优化加以实现。这项技术已被应用于研究微生物生化反应系统的能力和预测在不同外部条件下胞内代谢流量的分布(非专利文献1、2和3)。构建大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的化学计量模型也有报道(非专利文献4、5)。在谷氨酸棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)生产赖氨酸的代谢工程中也有应用这种化学计量模型的实例(非专利文献6)。另外,大量理论性和实验性的代谢流量分析方法及其应用也有报道(非专利文献7、8,专利文献14、15和16)。专利文献14公开了一种基于化学计量模型来预测生长必需基因的方法。专利文献15公开了一种通过细胞遗传和进化上的改变赋予细胞最适功能的技术。此外,专利文献16公开了应用化学计量模型来解决定性的动力学信息、定性的控制信息和基于不同条件下DNA微阵列实验数据中所存在的局限。尽管所有这些方法都是预测得到更多所需的胞内代谢流量分布,但是还没有一种公开直接以提高细胞物质生产为目标,从理论上预测特定流量的方法。
<专利文献1>
日本专利申请公开No.10-165180
<专利文献2>
日本专利申请公开No.11-192088
<专利文献3>
日本专利申请公开No.2000-253879
<专利文献4>
日本专利申请公开No.2001-57896
<专利文献5>
日本专利申请公开No.5-304969
<专利文献6>
国际公布No.WO98/04715
<专利文献7>
日本专利申请公开No.5-227977
<专利文献8>
美国专利申请公布No.2002/0110876
<专利文献9>
日本专利2817400
<专利文献10>
日本专利申请公开No.2002-508921
<专利文献11>
国际公布No.WO03/008600
<专利文献12>
美国专利申请公布No.2003/0044943
<专利文献13>
日本专利申请公开No.2002-17363
<专利文献14>
国际公布No.WO00/46405
<专利文献15>
国际公布No.WO02/061115
<专利文献16>
国际公布No.WO02/055995
<非专利文献1>
Varma,A.and Palsson,B.O.Appl.Environ.Microbiol.60:3724-3731,1994
<非专利文献2>
Schilling,C.H.et al.,Biotechnol.Prog.,15:288-295,1999
<非专利文献3>
Schilling,C.H.et al.,Biotechnol.Prog.,15:296-303,1999
<非专利文献4>
Pramanik,J.and Keasling,J.D.,Biotechnol.Bioeng.,56:398-421,1997
<非专利文献5>
Ibarra,R.U.et al.,Nature,420:186-189,2002
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Vallino,J.J.and Stephanopoulos,G.,Biotechnol.Bioeng.,41:633-646,1993
<非专利文献7>
Wiechert,W.,Journal of Biotechnology,94:37-63,2002
<非专利文献8>
Wiechert,W.,Metabolic Engineering,3:195-205,2001
<非专利文献9>
van der Rest,M.E.,Frank C.,Molenaar,D.J.,J.Bacteriol.,182(24):6892-6899,2000
发明公开
本发明提供了产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力提高的埃希氏菌,同时提供了应用这种细菌生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的方法。
本发明的发明者们为解决这个问题进行了艰苦的研究,最终他们发现能这样确定影响物质生产的代谢流量:(1)根据从底物到目标产物的生化反应式计算得到的化学计量矩阵自由度,选择与该矩阵自由度同样数目的自由流量;(2)基于这个化学计量矩阵,对足够进行统计分析的自由流量进行随机组合,计算代谢流量分布;(3)基于统计分析从计算出的代谢流量分布得到一个回归方程,它包含与物质生产相关的最小数目的自由流量。
使用这种方法确定L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸生产菌的代谢流量,揭示出经修饰使苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能对提高该菌株的生产能力是有效的。本发明基于上述发现完成并提供以下:
(1)一种具有产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的埃希氏菌(Escherichiabacterium),并且其中所述细菌经修饰使苹果酸酶在细胞内不能正常发挥功能。
(2)上述(1)的细菌,其中位于细菌染色体上编码所述苹果酸酶的基因经突变和/或其表达控制序列经突变使所述苹果酸酶在细胞内不能正常发挥功能。
(3)上述(1)的细菌,其中位于细菌染色体上编码所述苹果酸酶的基因经破坏使所述苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能。
(4)上述(1)的细菌,其中编码所述苹果酸酶的基因包含sfcA。
(5)上述(1)的细菌,其中编码所述苹果酸酶的基因包含b2463。
(6)上述(1)的细菌,其中所述苹果酸酶选自:
(A)一种蛋白,其具有SEQ ID NO:6中所示氨基酸序列;
(B)一种蛋白,其具有在SEQ ID NO:6中所示氨基酸序列中含有一个或数个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、插入或添加的氨基酸序列,并具有苹果酸酶活性;
(7)上述(1)的细菌,其中所述苹果酸酶选自:
(C)一种蛋白,其具有SEQ ID NO:8中所示氨基酸序列;
(D)一种蛋白,其具有在SEQ ID NO:8中所示氨基酸序列中含有一个或数个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、插入或添加的氨基酸序列,并具有苹果酸酶活性;
(8)上述(1)的细菌,其中编码所述苹果酸酶的基因为选自以下的DNA:
(a)一种DNA,其具有SEQ ID NO:5中所示核苷酸序列;
(b)一种DNA,其与SEQ ID NO:5中所示核苷酸序列杂交或与可由该核苷酸序列制备的探针杂交,其中所述杂交在严格条件下发生,并且其中所述DNA编码具有苹果酸酶活性的蛋白;
(9)上述(1)的细菌,其中编码所述苹果酸酶的基因为选自以下的DNA:
(c)一种DNA,其具有SEQ ID NO:7中所示核苷酸序列;
(d)一种DNA,其与SEQ ID NO:7中所示核苷酸序列杂交或与可由该核苷酸序列制备的探针杂交,其中所述杂交在严格条件下发生,并且所述DNA编码具有苹果酸酶活性的蛋白;
(10)一种生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的方法,所述方法包括在培养基中培养上述(1)-(9)中任一项所定义的细菌来产生和分泌所述L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸,并从所述培养基中收集L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸。
附图简述
图1是用5000个随机流量分布的数据组将赖氨酸的生产显示为不同自由流量值的函数图形。赖氨酸产量显示为(a)异柠檬酸裂解酶流量,(b)苹果酸酶流量和(c)PEP羧化酶流量。
图2是将赖氨酸的生产显示为5000个随机流量分布的数据组的方程2中流量值的函数图形。输入值是基于10mmol/hr的葡萄糖流量,以mmol/hr为单位的流量值。
图3显示pMW118-attL-Tc-attR和pMW118-attL-Cm-attR的结构。
图4显示pMW-intxis-ts的结构。
实施本发明的最佳方式
下文将详细解释本发明。
<1>本发明的埃希氏菌
本发明的埃希氏菌属于埃希氏菌属,具有产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的能力并且经过修饰使苹果酸酶不能正常发挥作用。本发明的埃希氏菌具备可以生产L-赖氨酸和L-苏氨酸两者之一的能力,或具备生产L-赖氨酸和L-苏氨酸这两者的能力。
用以获得本发明中埃希氏菌的埃希氏菌属亲本菌株,包括但不限于Neidhardt等人所著书中(Neidhardt,F.C.et al.,Escherichia coli andSalmonella Typhimurium,American Society for Microbiology,Washington D.C.,1029,table 1)所描述的菌株。例如,亲本菌株可以是大肠杆菌。此大肠杆菌可以是大肠杆菌W3110(ATCC 27325)或大肠杆菌MG1655(ATCC 47076),这两者均来自野生的原型菌株K12。
例如,可从美国典型培养物保藏中心(地址:12301 ParklawnDrive,Rockville,Maryland 20852,United States of America)获得这些菌株。每个菌株分别指定有各自的检索号。可以通过检索号来索取所需菌株。在美国典型培养物保藏中心的目录中列出了菌株相应的检索号。
<1>-1.赋予细菌产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的能力
以下描述了一种赋予埃希氏菌产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的方法。在这里术语“产L-赖氨酸能力”是指,当细菌在培养基中被培养时能够产生赖氨酸并且能够积累赖氨酸,或者能够将赖氨酸分泌到培养基中,也就是能够得到胞外的游离赖氨酸。“产L-赖氨酸能力”特别是指与野生型菌株或亲本菌株相比,能够积累更多赖氨酸的能力。
在这里术语“产L-苏氨酸能力”是指,当细菌在培养基中被培养时能够产生苏氨酸并且能够积累苏氨酸,或者能够将苏氨酸分泌到培养基中,也就是能够得到胞外的游离苏氨酸。“产L-苏氨酸能力”特别是指与野生型菌株或亲本菌株相比,能够积累更多苏氨酸的能力。
为了赋予细菌产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的能力,可以采用传统的埃希氏菌和棒状杆菌的育种方法,比如培育营养缺陷型的突变株、抗类似物的菌株,或者能够产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的代谢控制突变株,以及培育L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸生物合成酶活性提高的重组菌株的方法。在L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸生产菌育种中,可单独或组合地将诸如营养缺陷,抗类似物和代谢控制突变的性状,赋予给菌株。
可同时或单独提高L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸生物合成酶活性。此外,诸如营养缺陷,抗类似物和代谢控制突变的性状可以与L-赖氨酸和/或L-苏氨酸生物合成酶活性的提高进行组合。
以下描述了通过提高L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸生物合成酶活性的方法,赋予或提高细菌产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的实施例。提高酶活性可以通过如在编码酶的基因里引入突变或者扩增该基因而使胞内酶活增高的途径来实现。这些可以通过基因重组来完成。
编码L-苏氨酸生物合成酶的基因包括但不仅限于天冬氨酸激酶III基因(lysC)、天冬氨酸半醛脱氢酶基因(asd),和编码天冬氨酸激酶I的苏氨酸操纵子基因(thrA)、高丝氨酸激酶基因(thrB)、苏氨酸合酶基因(thrC)。基因的缩写符号见附录。可以引入两个或更多的这些基因。L-苏氨酸生物合成酶基因可被引入到苏氨酸降解作用被抑制的埃希氏菌中。苏氨酸降解作用被抑制的埃希氏菌如TDH6菌株,它缺乏苏氨酸脱氢酶活性(日本专利申请公开No.2001-346578)。
编码L-赖氨酸生物合成酶的基因包括但不限于二氨基庚二酸途径的酶的基因,例如二氢吡啶二羧酸(dihydrodipicolinate)合酶基因(dapA)、天冬氨酸激酶基因(lysC)、二氢吡啶二羧酸还原酶基因(dapB)、二氨基庚二酸脱羧酶基因(lysA)、二氨基庚二酸脱氢酶基因(ddh)(上述所有均来自国际公布No.96/40934)、磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶基因(ppc)(日本专利公告No.60-87788)、天冬氨酸转氨酶基因(aspC)(日本专利公告No.6-102028)、二氨基庚二酸异构酶基因(dapF)(日本专利申请公开No.2003-135066)和天冬氨酸半醛脱氢酶基因(asd)(国际公布No.00/61723)以及氨基己二酸途径的酶,例如高乌头酸水化酶基因(日本专利申请公开No.2000-157276)。
此外,本发明的细菌可具有活性降低的、借助于从L-赖氨酸生物合成途径中分支出而催化生成非L-赖氨酸化合物的酶,或者细菌缺乏该酶。借助于从L-赖氨酸生物合成途径中分支出而催化生成非L-赖氨酸化合物的酶包括高丝氨酸脱氢酶和赖氨酸脱羧酶。在WO95/23864和WO96/178930中描述了具有活性降低的该类酶的菌株。
提高由所述基因编码的酶的活性可以通过如用在埃希氏菌中能自主复制的质粒扩增L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸生物合成基因。生物合成的基因可被整合到细菌染色体上。也可通过引入含有引起由所述基因编码的酶活性提高的突变的基因来实现。这种突变的例子包括在启动子序列的突变,导致该基因的转录量增加,和在所述基因编码区的突变,导致所述酶蛋白的特异性活性提高。
除了上述基因扩增以外,也可以通过替换表达控制序列来扩增基因表达,例如将染色体DNA上或质粒上基因的启动子替换为更强的启动子(国际公布No.WO00/18935)。已知的强启动子包括如lac启动子、trp启动子、trc启动子、tac启动子和λ噬菌体的PR启动子。可将位于染色体或质粒上的内源性启动子替换为作用更强的启动子来提高基因的表达,或者通过修饰内源性启动子来实现。表达控制序列的修饰可与基因拷贝数的提高相结合。
本发明中应用的被赋予产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的埃希氏菌实例,叙述如下。但是本发明中的细菌并不仅限于这些实例,而是包括任何具有产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的细菌。
具有产L-赖氨酸能力的抗类似物菌株或代谢控制突变菌株的具体实例包括大肠杆菌AJ11442(FERM BP-1543,NRRL B-12185;日本专利申请公开No.56-18596及美国专利No.4,346,170)和大肠杆菌VL611。大肠杆菌WC196可用于生产L-赖氨酸(国际公布No.WO96/17930)。菌株WC196是通过赋予来源于大肠菌K-12的W3110菌株以AEC(S-(2-氨乙基)半胱氨酸)抗性所得到的。这个菌株被定为大肠杆菌AJ13069,并在1994年12月6日被收录保藏于通商产业省工业技术院生命工学工业技术研究所(National Institute of Bioscienceand Human-Technology,Agency of Industrial Science andTechnology)(现在是独立行政法人产业技术综合研究所特许生物寄托中心(National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology),International Patent Organism Depositary,Tsukuba Central 6,1-1,Higashi 1-Chome,Tsukuba-shi,Ibaraki-ken,305-8566,Japan),检索号为FERM P-14690。1995年9月29日根据布达佩斯条约规定更换为国际性保藏,检索号为FERM BP-5252。
具有产L-苏氨酸能力的埃希氏菌实例包括抗6-二甲基氨基嘌呤的产L-苏氨酸突变株(日本专利申请公开No.5-304969)和大肠杆菌重组菌株,例如,在大肠杆菌中某个苏氨酸生物合成基因在质粒上进行扩增,该基因含有一个引入的突变,可引起L-苏氨酸生物合成酶的过量生成(日本专利公告No.1-29559和日本专利申请公开No.5-227977)的菌株;苏氨酸操纵子通过质粒进行扩增(日本专利申请公开No.2-109985)的菌株;以及编码丙酮酸羧化酶和烟酰胺核苷酸转氢酶的基因被扩增的菌株(日本专利申请公开No.2002-51787)。
大肠杆菌VKPM B-3996(美国专利No.5,175,107)也被本发明包括。VKPM B-3996菌株于1987年11月19日在俄罗斯国立工业微生物保藏中心(Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms)(VKPM)和GNII(Genetika)保藏,检索号为VKPM B-3996。VKPMB-3996含有质粒pVIC40(国际公布No.WO 90/04636),这个质粒是将苏氨酸生物合成基因(苏氨酸操纵子:thrABC)插入到一个广谱宿主范围的载体中构建得到的,如质粒pAYC32(Chistoserdov,A.Y.,Tsygankov,Y.D.,Plasmid,1986,16,161-167)。在质粒pVIC40中,苏氨酸操纵子中thrA编码的天冬氨酸激酶I和高丝氨酸脱氢酶I对L-苏氨酸的反馈抑制不敏感。
此外,大肠杆菌B-5318(欧洲专利No.0593792)也被本发明包括。菌株B-5318于1987年11月19日在俄罗斯国立工业微生物保藏中心(VKPM),GNII Genetika)保藏,其检索号为VKPM B-5318。VKPM B-5318是异亮氨酸原养型菌,并含有一个重组质粒。构建该质粒,使苏氨酸操纵子包括苏氨酸生物合成基因缺少衰减作用区域,例如缺少内源性的转录调节区域。将该操纵子置于λ噬菌体温敏Cl阻遏子、PR启动子、Cro蛋白N-端的基因的下游,并构建该操纵子使得苏氨酸生物合成基因处于λ噬菌体的启动子和阻遏子的控制之下。
<2>本发明中埃希氏菌的构建
本发明中的埃希氏菌属于具有产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的埃希氏菌属,并且经修饰后苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能。
在培育本发明中埃希氏菌时,既可以先赋予其产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的能力,也可以先引入突变使得苹果酸酶(EC1.1.1.38,EC1.1.1.40)不能正常发挥功能。也可修饰具有产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的埃希氏菌,使得苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能,也可以赋予其苹果酸酶已经不能正常发挥功能的埃希氏菌产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的能力。
术语“苹果酸酶的活性”从苹果酸产生二氧化碳和丙酮酸的可逆反应的催化活性。已知以NAD为辅酶的苹果酸酶(EC1.1.1.38)和以NADP为辅酶的苹果酸酶(EC1.1.1.40)。(EC 1.1.1.38(S)-苹果酸+NAD+=丙酮酸+CO2+NADH+H+),(EC 1.1.1.40(S)-苹果酸+NADP+=丙酮酸+CO2+NADPH+H+)。苹果酸酶也被称为“苹果酸脱氢酶”或者“苹果酸氧化还原酶”。
术语“经修饰使苹果酸酶在细胞中不能正常发挥功能”是指菌株经过修饰后苹果酸酶的功能被去除,或者与未经修饰的菌株如野生型菌株(亲代)相比该苹果酸酶活性降低或减弱。该苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能的情况可以是,比如编码该苹果酸酶基因的转录或翻译被抑制,因此其基因产物苹果酸酶不能产生或者产量减少的情况;或者是细菌染色体上的所述苹果酸酶编码基因经突变和/或该基因的表达调控序列经突变,因此该苹果酸酶活性降低或减弱。代表性的苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能的埃希氏菌实例包括,通过遗传重组技术使得细菌染色体上的苹果酸酶编码基因被破坏的基因破坏菌株,和苹果酸酶基因的表达调节序列或编码区域经突变因而具有功能的苹果酸酶蛋白不再产生的突变菌株。
术语“经修饰使苹果酸酶活性减弱”是指该苹果酸酶的活性与未被修饰的菌株如野生型(亲代)埃希氏菌相比降低。优选将每细胞该苹果酸酶活性减弱至不超过未修饰菌株的50%,更优选则不超过30%,最优选不超过10%。
可作为对照的埃希氏菌的实例包括大肠杆菌W3110(ATCC27325)和大肠杆菌MG1655(ATCC 47076)。这些野生型菌株源于原养型野生菌株K12。以NAD为辅酶的苹果酸酶活性可以根据Korkes,S.等人提出的方法(Korkes,S.et al.,(1950)J.Biol.Chem.187,891-905)来确定。以NADP为辅酶的苹果酸酶活性可以根据Ochoa,S提出的方法(Ochoa,S.et al(1947)J.Biol.Chem.167,871-872)来确定。
术语“减弱”包含但不限于活性的完全消失。以NAD为辅酶的苹果酸酶活性和以NADP为辅酶的苹果酸酶活性可以被单独或同时减弱。对本发明来说,埃希氏菌的苹果酸酶活性比野生型菌或未修饰菌的降低已足够。但优选的是,本发明的埃希氏菌相比野生型菌或未修饰菌同时还具有更高的积累或分泌L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的能力,和/或因生长良好而提高产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力,即提高细胞扣除后得率。
本发明中的苹果酸酶包括所有具有SEQ ID NO:6或8中所示氨基酸序列的蛋白。苹果酸酶可以是SEQ ID NO:6或8中所示氨基酸序列的变异体,因为其可包含SEQ ID NO:6或8中所示氢基酸序列中一个或数个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、插入或添加,条件是该变异体具有苹果酸酶活性。这里的“数个”指如2到20,优选为2到10,更优选为2到5。
一个或数个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、插入或添加应该是保守性突变以使得苹果酸酶活性得以保持。典型的保守性突变是保守性取代。保守性取代的实例包括,用丝氨酸或苏氨酸取代丙氨酸;用谷氨酰胺、组氨酸或赖氨酸取代精氨酸;用谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、组氨酸或天冬氨酸取代天冬酰胺;用天冬酰胺、谷氨酸或谷氨酰胺取代天冬氨酸;用丝氨酸或丙氨酸取代半胱氨酸;用天冬酰胺、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸或精氨酸取代谷氨酰胺;用天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸或天冬氨酸取代谷氨酸;用脯氨酸取代甘氨酸;用天冬酰胺、赖氨酸、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸或酪氨酸取代组氨酸;用亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、缬氨酸或苯丙氨酸取代异亮氨酸;用异亮氨酸、甲硫氨酸、缬氨酸或苯丙氨酸取代亮氨酸;用天冬酰胺、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、组氨酸或精氨酸取代赖氨酸;用异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸或苯丙氨酸取代甲硫氨酸;用色氨酸、酪氨酸、甲硫氨酸、异亮氨酸或亮氨酸取代苯丙氨酸;用苏氨酸或丙氨酸取代丝氨酸;用丝氨酸或丙氨酸取代苏氨酸;用苯丙氨酸或酪氨酸取代色氨酸;用组氨酸、苯丙氨酸或色氨酸取代酪氨酸;用甲硫氨酸、异亮氨酸或亮氨酸取代缬氨酸。
术语“经修饰使苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能”可以指减少每个细胞内苹果酸酶分子的数量和指减弱每个酶分子的活性。具体的,修饰可以通过使染色体上的酶编码基因缺陷,或者通过修饰一个表达控制序列如启动子或SD序列来实现。修饰也可以通过向编码区域引入氨基酸取代(错义突变)、终止密码子(无义突变),或通过向编码区域引入一个或两个碱基的插入或缺失(移码突变)或缺失部分基因来实现(Journal of Biological Chemistry 272:8611-8617(1997))。
染色体上的苹果酸酶基因(mez基因)的实例包括sfcA基因,如具有SEQ ID NO:5中所示核苷酸序列的DNA。这个DNA编码以NAD为辅酶的酶。另一个例子是b2463基因,如具有SEQ ID NO:7中所示核苷酸序列的DNA。这个DNA编码以NADP为辅酶的酶。
mez基因可以是一段在严格条件下与SEQ ID NO:5或7中所示核苷酸序列进行杂交的DNA,或是与可由该序列制备的探针进行杂交的DNA,条件是这段DNA编码具有苹果酸酶活性的蛋白。“严格条件”是指特异性杂交可发生而非特异性杂交不发生的条件。举例说明严格条件如,在一定浓度的盐溶液中洗涤,洗涤1次,优选洗涤2或3次,相应地浓度为1×SSC、0.1% SDS,优选60℃下0.1×SSC、0.1% SDS。探针长度可根据杂交条件选择,通常为100bp到1kbp。
编码所述苹果酸酶的基因(sfcA,b2643)可以用大肠杆菌染色体为模板进行PCR得到,引物寡核苷酸按照GenBank中登记的大肠杆菌序列合成:sfcA:AAC74552.NAD-连接的苹果酸...[gi:1787754],complement of AE000245.1:1208..2932,b2643:AAC75516.putativemultimod...[gi:1788806],complement of AE000333.1:141..2420.
染色体DNA可以从用作DNA供体的细菌通过如Saito和Miura提出的方法(参见H.Saito and K.Miura,Biochem.Biophys.Acta,72,619(1963),Text for Bioengineering Experiments,Edited by theSociety for Bioscience and Bioengineering,Japan,pp.97-98,Baifukan,1992)或类似方法制备。
按照上述方法制备的sfcA或b2643基因或其部分,可以用于基因破坏。如果所得基因的同源程度允许与埃希氏菌染色体上的sfcA或b2463进行同源重组,它就足以进行基因破坏。因此可使用同源基因。允许同源重组的同源程度优选为70%或更高,更优选80%或更高,最优选90%或更高,尤其优选95%或更高。如果使用一段可在严格条件下与基因杂交的DNA,则同源重组也可发生。“严格条件”指可以发生特异性杂交而不发生非特异杂交的条件。举例说明严格条件如,在一定浓度的盐溶液中洗涤,洗涤1次,优选洗涤2或3次,相应地浓度为1×SSC、0.1% SDS,优选60℃下0.1×SSC、0.1% SDS。
sfcA或b2643基因可以被破坏,比如从以上描述的基因来制备缺失型sfcA或b2643基因,其部分序列缺失,从而不产生有正常功能的苹果酸酶。然后用这种缺失型基因或包含该基因的DNA转化进埃希氏菌,使得缺失型基因和染色体基因间发生重组。使用同源重组来取代基因的基因破坏方法早已经建立,例如由Datsenko K.A和Wanner B.L开发的方法为代表的使用线性DNA分子(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2000,97,6640-6645)方法,也被称为″Red-drivenintegration″,和使用含有温敏复制起点的质粒的方法(美国专利No.6,303,383和日本专利申请公开No.5-7491)。通过用同源重组的基因取代的基因破坏也可在宿主中不能复制的质粒中进行。
另外,将″Red-driven integration″法和源自λ噬菌体的切除系统(J.Bacteriol.2002 Sep;184(18):5200-3)结合使用的方法,可用作破坏染色体上基因的方法。可以利用λ噬菌体切除性核蛋白复合体中整合酶和切除酶间的交互作用(Cho EH,Gumport RI,Gardner JF.)。
根据“Red-driven integration″法,可以使用PCR产物一步构建基因破坏菌株,PCR所用的合成的寡核苷酸5’端经涉及含有靶基因的部分序列,3’端含有抗生素抗性基因部分。而且,可通过引入λ噬菌体和PCR产物上的附着位点attL和attR,结合λ噬菌体切除系统与“Red-driven integration″法,将整合上的抗生素抗性基因除去。
具体的,可使用以下方法得到靶基因被破坏、抗生素抗性基因被除去的菌株。
首先制备一个线性DNA盒,包含一个抗生素抗性基因,λ噬菌体的附着位点和靶基因。通常使用适当制备的模板进行PCR来制备。
λ噬菌体的附着位点attL和attR(SEQ ID NO:9(GenBankaccession No.M12458,SEQ ID NO:10(GenBank accession No.M12459))被分别插入到一个抗生素抗体基因的末端的模板被用作线性DNA盒的模板。模板可以是质粒、插入到染色体上的基因或是合成的寡核苷酸。虽然抗生素抗性基因优选氯霉素抗性基因、链霉素抗性基因或氨苄青霉素抗性基因,但是任何抗生素抗性基因都可以被使用,只要该基因能够在使埃希氏菌产生抗生素抗性,并且与下文描述的两个辅助质粒中可能包含的标记基因不同。为便于确证抗生素抗性的获得,所用抗生素抗性基因可为通过替换启动子等借以提高表达量的基因,或者在其结构基因序列中引入突变使得相应酶活性提高的基因。线性DNA盒从5′末端按照以下顺序制备:(靶基因5′序列)-(attL)-(抗生素抗性基因)-(attR)-(靶基因3′序列)。
这个线性DNA盒整合至染色体上。pKD46可用作将线性DNA盒整合至染色体上的辅助质粒(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2000,97,6640-6645)。pKD46表现出温敏复制和抗氨苄青霉素的特性,还包含了λ噬菌体的一个2,154nt的DNA片段(GenBank/EMBL accessionNo.J02459,31088-33241),这个片段中包含了λ噬菌体Red同源重组系统中Red重组酶的编码基因(γ、β和exo基因)并处于阿拉伯糖诱导的ParaB启动子控制之下。
pKD46可以通过电穿孔技术导入宿主细胞。扩增pKD46的菌株用阿拉伯糖培养。在细胞对数生长期时导入线性DNA盒并在高温下温育,以获得基因破坏菌株,这个菌株由于线性DNA盒中的抗生素抗性基因获得了对该抗生素的抗性。可通过PCR或测量菌株产生的L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的浓度来确定基因破坏是否发生。
然后导入辅助质粒以切除抗生素抗性基因。这个辅助质粒含有λ噬菌体的整合酶(Int)的编码基因(SEQ ID NO:13,GenBank accessionNo.J02459.B[gi:215104])和切除酶(Xis)的编码基因(SEQ ID NO:15,GenBank accession No.J02459[gi:215104]),并表现出温敏复制特性。导入辅助质粒后,由于识别出染色体上的attL(SEQ ID NO:11)和attR(SEQ ID NO:12)引起重组发生。位于attL和attR间的抗生素抗性基因被切除,结果使染色体上保留了一段仅含有attL或attR序列的结构。经过高温下的温育,菌株丢失辅助质粒。至此获得了一个靶基因被破坏并且抗生素抗性基因被切除的菌株。
除了遗传工程方法,其它修饰细菌以使苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能的方法例如,将埃希氏菌用紫外线处理,或用常用的突变诱变剂如N-甲基-N′-硝基-N-亚硝基胍和硝酸进行处理,随后筛选出含有减弱的苹果酸酶活性的菌株。
本发明是在代谢流量信息的基础上完成的。该信息用以下方法计算来确定对用细胞进行物质生产有影响的代谢流量。但是本发明并不限于得到这种信息的方法,即测定方法。
对用细胞进行的物质生产有影响的代谢流量的确定方法包括以下步骤:
1)根据底物到所需产物的生化反应式建立化学计量矩阵,
2)从所有代谢流量中选择与矩阵自由度相同数目的独立代谢流量,作为自由流量,
3)建立足够数目的自由流量的随机组合以进行统计分析,并计算每个基于化学计量矩阵建立的组合的代谢流量分布,
4)通过多元统计分析所计算的代谢流量分布获得回归方程,包括最小数目的与物质生产相关的自由流量,
5)根据所得回归方程的系数确定至少一个影响物质生产的代谢流量。
本发明中用到的代谢流量被表述为代谢反应速率(流量),这个代谢反应速率来自细胞内生化反应的化学计量模型和代谢物间的质量作用定律;同时,这里所用的代谢流量分布由所有的代谢流量组成,其中每个生化反应都有一个指定的代谢流量。
在测定方法的第一步中,根据底物到目标产物的生化反应式建立化学计量矩阵。
生化反应指在细胞内胞内代谢物在酶促作用下被转变的过程,并根据生物类型被编到不同的数据库。例如Kyoto Encyclopedia ofGenes and Genomes(KEGG,www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/)可供查询参考。
底物通常是被细胞用作碳源的物质,例如葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖等。
物质产物不仅包括单个代谢物,也包括代谢物的聚集体,例如生物量(细胞体)。物质生产通常用某一种物质的生产率来评价。尤其是,当所需物质为生物量时,用生物量产率来评价。生物量产率代表了从底物如葡萄糖转变为细胞成分如蛋白质、碳水化合物、核酸或脂质的效率。
化学计量矩阵是一种在代谢流量分析中常用的矩阵,可以通过使用典型代谢流量分析中的方法列出底物到目标产物的生化反应方程式来建立。这种人们熟知的方法假设细胞内代谢中间体是准稳态(Savinell,J.M,Palsson,B.O.J.,Theor.Biol.,154:421-454,1992;Vallino,J.J.,Stephanopoulos,G.,Biotechnol.Bioeng.,41:633-646,1993)。列出反应式后,将一系列没有分支途径的反应假设为一个反应或者将在一个反应前后以高的代谢速率转变的代谢物假设为一种代谢物等等,以简化反应途径。当物质产物为生物量时,化学计量矩阵可以用列出生成细胞成分的生化反应来描述。
在测定方法的第二步中,从所有代谢流量里,选出与上述化学计量矩阵自由度数目相同的独立代谢流量作为自由流量。
为获得唯一定义,独立流量是一组在以化学计量方程式表示的代谢网络系统中特殊说明的流量。
设定自由流量的方法并无特别限定,只要能够选出与待分析系统自由度相同数目的独立代谢流量即可。尽管可确认任意选择的流量的独立性,Reder提出的SIMS矩阵(steady-state internal metabolicstoichiometric matrix)也可被使用(Reder,C.J.,Theor.Biol.,135:175-201,1988)。这个方法中,从由上述生化反应式所确定的独立代谢流量组选出一组与上述化学计量矩阵自由度数目相同的代谢流量,并从每个选出的代谢流量组中选出一个代谢流量作为自由流量。流量组中特异流量组的确定保证了一个组中的任意一个流量都可被改变而不影响其它组的流量。因此,可能从每组中选出一个流量作为独立自由流量。当从一组流量中选出一个自由流量时,优先选择靠近分支点的流量。
在测定方法的第三步中,建立一定数量的自由流量随机组合以足够进行统计分析,并计算出基于化学计量矩阵建立的每个组合的代谢流量分布。
通过对自由流量赋随机值来建立自由流量的随机组合,这些自由流量是在上一步中为建立不同流量分布组合的数据组而选出的。对自由流量随机值赋值并无特别限定的方法,只要能够在特定边界内得出自由流量的组合即可。所述的特定边界的设定是为在后续计算中得到具有生物意义的可行性数值。如果自由流量的数目与指定的化学计量矩阵的自由度相同,就可以解出唯一的一个代谢流量分布。通常用逆矩阵对矩阵进行求解,并且将所有流量标准化为,如一定量的底物。当底物是葡萄糖时,所有的流量值可用如每摄入10mmol葡萄糖时的值来表示。如上描述的从随机自由流量值得到的代谢流量分布的解必须具有生物学意义。也就是说,所有的非可逆反应的流量必须大于等于0,形成生物量的流量必须大于等于0。为得到更多所需的自由流量组合,也可以增加从细胞物质生产的理论和/或经验性知识中得到的条件。待建立组合的数目,也就是待计算的具有生物学意义的流量分布数目,并无特别限定,只要足够进行统计分析即可。通常对一个自由流量使用3或5个值。因此,当有n个自由流量时,组合的值数目大约会是一个自由流量值数目的n次幂。例如,当一个流量使用3个值时,有3的1-n次方个组合。也就是说,7个自由流量(n=7)大约有2200个组合。另一个选择是,既然可以依靠选择的自由流量或增加的条件,来改变有生物学意义的流量分布数据组中每个自由流量值的数目,那么n个自由流量可能用到的组合数目总计大约是3到3的n次方(3n),或者大约是5到5的n次方(5n)。为了解如此数目的有生物学意义的流量分布,典型的做法是从每个自由流量值数目为6到10的组合开始,也就是6到6的n次方(6n)或10到10的n次方(10n)个组合。
在测定方法的第四步,通过多元统计分析所计算的代谢流量分布(代谢流量分布数据组)获得回归方程,该方程包括与物质生产相关最小数目的的自由流量。
从上一步得到的自由流量随机组合计算出通流量分布数据组,对流量分布数据组进行多元统计分析,可得到一个回归方程,这个方程包括与物质生产相关最小数目的的自由流量。可用任何算法进行多元统计分析(包括多元非线性回归分析和多元线性回归分析),只要所选算法能检验自由流量组合与物质生产的相关性。无论如何,多元线性回归分析是有用的。这种方法的描述可参见如Kachigan等人著作(Kachigan,S.K.,Chapter 4,Regression Analysis in MultivariateStatistical Analysis 2nd Ed.,Radius Press,New York,pp.160-193)。
“显示与物质生产相关”的表述意指决定系数显著大,“显著大”指决定系数R2大于等于0.8,优选大于等于0.9。
包括与物质生产相关的最小数目自由流量(项(term))的回归方程,可以通过连续改变自由流量的项数来得到。从得到的包含不同项数自由流量、决定系数最大的方程中,能够选出一个包括最小项数的自由流量、决定系数显著大的回归方程。另外一个选择是,可以通过除去所有项中的某一项来得到回归方程,以检验除去这个项所引起的决定系数的下降程度;重复这个过程得到回归方程,忽略掉其去除引起的决定系数下降程度小的项;当不能再得到与物质生产相关的回归方程时,即得出回归方程。
虽然这些数学运算可以由单独的程序进行,但是它们可以方便的通过可用的商业电脑程序来完成,例如MatLab®(厂商名,MathWorks)和Mathematica®(厂商名,Wolfram Research)。
在测定方法的第五步,根据所得回归方程的系数来确定影响物质生产的代谢流量。
自由流量对使用细胞(如微生物)进行物质生产的贡献,尤其是对生物量产率或物质产物产率(对物质生产重要)的贡献,可以利用在先前步骤得到的回归方程来确定。也就是说,在回归方程中出现的自由流量可以确定为那些影响物质生产的流量。而且,因为回归方程中的系数代表作用的大小,所以具有相当大的决定系数的自由流量(当流量进行了标准化,相关系数绝对值大的自由流量)可被确定为对物质生产有极大影响。
本发明的测定方法能提供改善菌株性能的重要信息,即无论一个自由流量对目标产物的生产有正面还是负面作用,都极大影响了目标产物的生产。为利于提高目标产物产量和产率,还可预测出需要改变的流量。
例如,如同在此例中所示,预期通过在产L-赖氨酸大肠杆菌中提高磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶的活性可以提高产L-赖氨酸能力。国际公布No.WO01/53459公开了一个提高磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性以提高L-赖氨酸生产的实例。因此,用测定方法构建一个有物质生产能力的菌株已被证实。
<3>L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的生产方法
本发明方法是生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的方法,该方法包括在培养基中培养有生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的细菌,使得L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸在培养基或细胞中积累,并从培养基或细胞中收集L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的步骤。
本发明所用的培养基可以是在微生物发酵生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸中应用的典型培养基。可使用普通培养基,包含碳源、氮源、无机离子和的其它需要的有机成分。糖类如葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖、果糖和淀粉水解物,醇类如甘油、山梨醇,以及各种有机酸类,如反丁烯二酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸都可用作碳源。各种无机铵盐如硫酸铵、氯化铵和磷酸铵,有机氮如大豆水解物、氨气、氨水等都可以用作氮源。作为微量有机营养物,必需添加的,如维生素B1、高丝氨酸或酵母提取物及其它此类物质。另外,可添加痕量的磷酸钾、硫酸镁、铁离子、锰离子。人工培养基和天然培养基都可使用,只要其包含了碳源、氮源、无机离子和必需的痕量有机物。
优选在24-37℃,pH5-9有氧培养1至7天。培养的pH值可用有机/无机酸或碱性物质调节,如氨气等。可用常规方法收集L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸,如离子交换树脂法、沉淀分离和其它已知方法,也可联用这些方法。当L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸在胞内累积时,可用超声波破碎之类的方法破碎细胞,离心去除细胞碎片,再用离子交换树脂之类的方法处理上清液来收集L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸。
实施例
通过实施例来进一步详述本发明。
实施例1
L-赖氨酸的代谢流量的测定。
(1)化学计量矩阵的建立
假定胞内代谢中间体处于准稳态,构建用以计算代谢流量的化学计量方程(Savinell,J.M.,Palsson,B.O.J.,Theor.Biol.,154:421-454,1992;Vallino,J.J.,Stephanopoulos,G.,Biotechnol.Bioeng.,41:633-646,1993)。表2中列出这个模型包括的反应式。表1列出了本发明所用缩写。合并没有分支的反应以简化反应式。因为磷酸戊糖途径复杂,以两个反应式表示它。生物量组成比例使用文献报道数据(Neidhardt,F.C.et al.,Physiology of the Bacterial Cell.,Sinauer Associates,Massachusetts,1990),生物量以反应式[68]表示。这个模型的化学计量矩阵自由度为7。
表1
3PG 3-磷酸-D-甘油酸
AcCoA 酰辅酶A
AcOH 酸
aIVA A-酮异缬草酸
aKG 2-氧代戊二酸
Ala 丙氨酸
ALC 羟基乙酸
Arg 精氨酸
ASA 天冬氨酸半醛
Asn 天冬酰胺
Asp 天冬氨酸
CHR 分支酸
Cit 柠檬酸
CO2 二氧化碳
CoA 辅酶A
Cys 半胱氨酸
DDP 二氢吡啶二羧酸
E4P 4-磷酸赤藓糖
F6P 6-磷酸果糖
FBP 二磷酸果糖
Form 蚁酸
Fum 反丁烯二酸
G6P 6-磷酸葡萄糖
GAP 磷酸甘油醛
Glc 葡萄糖
Gln 谷氨酰胺
Glu 谷氨酸
Gly 甘氨酸
Glyox 乙二醛酸
His 组氨酸
Hse 高丝氨酸
Ile 异亮氨酸
Ind 吲哚磷酸甘油
Isocit 异柠檬酸
Leu 亮氨酸
Lys 赖氨酸
Lysext 赖氨酸产品(胞外)
Mal 苹果酸
Met 甲硫氨酸
mDAP 内消旋二氨基庚二酸
mTHF 甲基四氢叶酸
NH3 氨
OAA 草酰乙酸
PEP 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸
Phe 苯丙氨酸
PPA 预苯酸
Pro 脯氨酸
PRPP 磷酸核糖焦磷酸
Pyr 丙酮酸
R5P 5-磷酸核糖
Ribu5P 5-磷酸核酮糖
SDAP N-琥珀酰-L-2,6-二氨基庚二酸
SKA 莽草酸
Sed7P 7-磷酸-D-景天庚酮糖
Ser 丝氨酸
Suc 琥珀酸
SucCoA 琥珀酰辅酶A
THDP 氢吡啶二羧酸
THF 四氢叶酸
Thr 苏氨酸
Trp 色氨酸
Tyr 酪氨酸
Val 缬氨酸
X5P 5-磷酸木酮糖
表2
列出使用的反应式。可逆反应用“r”标出。
[1]
[2]
[3]r
[4]r
[5]r
[6]r
[7]r
[8]r
[9]r
[10]r
[11]r
[12]r
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]r
[19]r
[20]
[21]
[22]r
[23]r
[24]r
[25]r
[26]
[27]
[28]
[29]
[30]
[31]
[32]
[33]r
[34]
[35]
[36]
[37]
[38]
[39]
[40]r
[41]r
[42]r
[43]
[44]
[45]
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
[51]
[52]
[53]
[54]
[55]
[56]r
[57]
[58]
[59]r
[60]
[61]
[62]
[63]r
[64]
[65]
[66]
[67]
[68]生物量合成(描述如下)
RNA(21.33%)
3.47 PRPP+5.02 Gln+-5.02 Glu+3.08 Gly+6.17 Asp+32.41ATP+-32.41 ADP+6.17 mTHF+-6.17 THF+3.09 NAD+-3.09NADH+6.17 NADP+-6.17 NADPH+1.16 CO2+-3.47 Fum+-3.86NH3
DNA(3.23%)
3.37 PRPP+4.88 Gln+-4.88 Glu+3 Gly+6 Asp+31.5 ATP+-31.5 ADP+7.12 mTHF+-7.12 THF+3 NAD+-3 NADH+3.75 NADP+-3.75 NADPH+1.12 CO2+-3.37 Fum+-3.75 NH3
磷脂(9.47%)
20.8 AcCoA+-20.8 CoA+1.95 GAP+0.65 Ser+44.2 ATP+-44.2 ADP+38.35 NADH+-38.35 NAD+-0.65 CO2
肽聚糖(2.60%)
1.94 F6P+1.94 AcCoA+-1.94 CoA+1.94 Gln+-1.94 Glu+2.91Ala+0.97 PEP+0.97 Lys+6.97 ATP+-6.97 ADP+0.97 NADPH+-0.97 NADP+-0.97 CO2
脂多糖(3.54%)
0.91 R5P+0.91 F6P+0.91 PEP+15.47 AcCoA+-0.91 AcOH+-0.91 Glu+0.91 Gln+32.76 ATP+12.74 NADH
蛋白质(57.23%)
0.77 Gly+0.96 Ala+0.67 Val+0.85 Leu+0.44 Ile+0.44 Ser+0.48 Thr+0.30 Phe+0.26 Tyr+0.01 Trp+0.15 Cys+0.22 Met+0.54Lys+0.46 Arg+0.16 His+0.46 Asp+0.52 Glu+0.46 Asn+0.52 Gln+0.34 Pro
糖原(2.60%)
F6P+ATP
(2)自由流量的选择及其随机组合的建立
具体的流量组根据Reder的方法确定(Reder,C.J.,Theor.Biol.,135:175-201,1988)。从每个组中选出一个靠近分支点的流量。表3列出了选出的7个自由流量。通过指定这7个流量可以得到一个流量平衡的唯一解。
表3
为获得随机流量分布选择的自由流量列表
反应数 酶名称或途径名称
2 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶
15 PEP羧化酶
16 乙酸分泌
60 异柠檬酸裂合酶(乙醛酸循环)
62 苹果酸酶
64 蚁酸分泌
66 ATP酶
从这7个随机自由流量值的约300,000个组合中,去除那些超过任何可逆反应极限的自由流量,和那些关于L-赖氨酸和生物量的流量值没有超过阈值水平的流量,阈值水平定为每个最大值的20%。最终在有生物学意义的明确范围内建立一个5000个代谢流量分布的数据组。结果用10mmol葡萄糖的摄入值来表示,一个有5000行(对应随机流量分布)和68列(对应一个反应流量)的矩阵得以建立。
(3)通过多元统计分析分析相关性并确定影响物质生产的代谢流量
浓缩矩阵包含的z-分数为仅相应于7个自由流量的列,对其进行多元线形回归。使用MatLab统计工具包的逐步回归功能来进行多元线性回归。使用这项技术,可得到生物量或L-赖氨酸生产的这7个自由流量线性函数。对这7个自由流量的界定导致产生唯一的系统状态。因此,如果所有这7项均用作参数,相关系数变为1,标志着完全拟合。但是,方程中项数较少时通常只可能得到相对较好的拟合。使用MatLab程序的逐步回归函数尝试不同项的组合,选出每个条件数都拟合得最好的方程。就生物量产率而言,仅异柠檬酸裂合酶(ICl)、苹果酸酶(MEZ)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)和ATP酶4项得到R2=0.980的拟合度。当项数进一步降低时,R2显著下降,并且任何合理的拟合度都不能得到。当反应流量被标准化为对应每10mmol葡萄糖摄入的值时,一个精确方程表示如下:
方程1)生物量产率=1.552-0.194(ICL)+0.184(MEZ)-0.194(PEPC)-0.011(ATPase)
赖氨酸产率可用一个包括相同4个参数的模型来拟合,所得结果R2=0.997。此外,甚至当除去ATP酶这项时,R2仅下降至0.856,仍然是较好的拟合。因此,在L-赖氨酸生产模型中使用以下3个参数。
方程2)赖氨酸产率=-1.694+1.176(ICL)-1.095(MEZ)+1.162(PEPC)
最后,以流向生物量和L-赖氨酸的C原子总数为定义的总碳产率(C原子),通过如下方程,仅ATP酶这项的拟合度达到R2=0.956。
方程3)C原子=34.3-0.314(ATPase)
这些结果揭示生物量产率与苹果酸流量正相关,L-赖氨酸生产与磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶流量和异柠檬酸裂合酶流量(乙醛酸循环)正相关。图1和图2显示了回归分析的有效性。当分开考虑异柠檬酸裂合酶流量和苹果酸流量时,没有发现与L-赖氨酸生产的相关性,如图1(a)(b)所示。但是,如图2所示,当将这些流量作为回归方程2)的一部分考虑时,能显示出相关性,并且效果变得明显。因此,利用这项技术可以揭示代谢流量间不可见的联系。提高显示正相关流量的活性和削弱显示负相关流量的活性可提高目标产物的产率。也就是说,从这个结果中可得到一个改进菌株的方针,同时提高PEP羧化酶和异柠檬酸裂合酶活性或削弱显示负相关性的苹果酸酶活性对L-赖氨酸生产有效。事实上,在国际公布No.WO01/53459中公开了通过在利用大肠杆菌的L-赖氨酸生产中提高PEP羧化酶活性构建了一个产L-赖氨酸能力提高菌株的实例,并因此支持了本发明的有效性。
实施例2
确定关于L-苏氨酸的代谢流量
用实施例1中同样的方法,选出关于L-苏氨酸的每个条件数都拟合得最好的方程。就生物量产率而言,仅异柠檬酸裂合酶(ICl)、苹果酸酶(MEZ)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)和ATP酶4项得到R2=0.986的拟合度。
方程4)生物量产率=1.260-0.101(ICL)+0.093(MEZ)-0.101(PEPC)-0.009(ATPase)
L-苏氨酸产率可用一个包含同样3个参数的模型来拟合,所得结果R2=0.937。
方程5)苏氨酸产率=-1.432+1.090(ICL)-1.080(MEZ)+1.087(PEPC)
这些结果揭示生物量产率与苹果酸酶流量正相关,L-苏氨酸生产与磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和异柠檬酸裂合酶流量(乙醛酸循环)正相关。因此,得到关于L-苏氨酸生产的改进菌株性能的方针,提高烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和异柠檬酸裂合酶活性或削弱显示负相关性的苹果酸酶活性对L-苏氨酸生产有效。
实施例3
构建苹果酸酶缺陷的产L-赖氨酸菌株
用于L-赖氨酸生产的大肠杆菌菌株WC196具有AEC(S-(2-氨乙基)-半胱氨酸)抗性。(国际公布No.WO 96/17930)
源自大肠杆菌的苹果酸酶包括以NAD为辅酶(EC 1.1.1.38)和以NADP为辅酶(EC 1.1.1.38)两种酶。这两个酶分别被sfcA和b2463基因编码。
联用最初由Datsenko和Wanner开发的“red-driven integration”法(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2000,97,6640-6645)和来自λ噬菌体的切除系统(J.Bacteriol.2002 Sep;184(18):5200-3.Interactions betweenintegrase and excisionase in the phage lambda excisive nucleoproteincomplex.Cho EH,Gumport RI,Gardner JF.)来删除sfcA和b2463基因。根据“Red-driven integration″法,基因破坏菌株可以通过PCR产物一步构建,PCR所用的引物寡核苷酸5’端经设计含有靶基因的部分序列,3’端含有一个抗生素抗性基因的部分序列。而且,可进一步联用red-driven integration”法和λ噬菌体切除系统除去整合上的抗生素抗性基因。
(1)sfcA基因的破坏
使用质粒pMW118-attL-Cm-attR(其制备见下文)作为PCR模板。将λ噬菌体附着位点基因attL和attR以及cat基因(抗生素抗性基因)插入PMW118(TaKaRa Bio),即得到质粒pMW118-attL-Cm-attR。基因的插入顺序为attL-cat-attR。attL序列见SEQ ID NO:11,attR序列见SEQ ID NO:12。
使用SEQ ID NO:1和2所示的引物进行PCR,并且引物的3’末端为相应的attL和attR序列,5’末端为相应的sfcA基因部分序列。
扩增的PCR产物用琼脂糖凝胶纯化,再用电穿孔法导入大肠杆菌WC196,该菌株含有温敏复制质粒PKD46。PKD46(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,2000,97,6640-6645)包含λ噬菌体的一个2,154nt的DNA片段(GenBank/EMBL accession No.J02459,31088-33241),这个片段中包含了λ噬菌体Red同源重组系统中Red重组酶的编码基因(γ,β,和exo基因)并处于阿拉伯糖诱导的ParaB启动子控制之下。PKD46对PCR产物整合到WC196染色体上是必需的。
用于电穿孔的感受态细胞按下文准备。用含100mg/L氨苄青霉素的LB培养基在30℃下培养过夜,再用5ml含50mg/L氨苄青霉素和1mM L-阿拉伯糖的SOB培养基(Sambrook,J.et al.,″MolecularCloning A Laboratory Manual,Second Edition″′,Cold Spring HarborLaboratory Press(1989))稀释100倍。稀释后的菌液在30℃下通气培养至OD600值达到约0.6,再浓缩100倍。用10%甘油洗涤细胞三次制备用于电穿孔的细胞。用70μl感受态细胞和约100ng PCR产物进行电穿孔。向电穿孔后的细胞添加1ml SOC培养基(Sambrook,J.et al.,″Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual,Second Edition″,Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory Press(1989))。细胞于37℃下培养2.5h,转移至含35mg/L的Cm(氯霉素)琼脂平板上37℃培养以选出Cm抗性重组体。然后在含Cm的L-琼脂培养基中42℃下传代培养细菌两次以丢弃PKD46质粒。所得的克隆进行氨苄抗性试验。得到一个对氨苄青霉素敏感的不含PKD46质粒的菌株。
用PCR法确定菌株为带有氯霉素抗性基因和sfcA基因缺失的突变株。所得的sfcA缺失的菌株命名为WC196ΔsfcA::att-cat。
使用辅助质粒pMW-intxis-ts(制备方法见下文)除去整合到sfcA基因上的att-cat基因。pMW-intxis-ts含有编码λ噬菌体的整合酶基因(Int)(SEQ ID NO:13)和切除酶基因(Xis)(SEQ ID NO:15),并表现出温敏复制特性。通过引入pMW-intxis-ts,由于对染色体上的attL(SEQ ID NO:11)和attR(SEQ ID NO:12)的识别发生重组,attL和attR间的抗生素抗性基因被切除,结果使染色体上保留了一段仅含有attL或attR序列的结构。
菌株WC196ΔsfcA::att-cat的感受态细胞按常规方法制备,用辅助质粒pMW-intxis-ts转化,再用含50mg/L氨苄青霉素的L-琼脂平板选出氨苄青霉素抗性菌株。
细胞于42℃在琼脂培养基上传代培养两次以丢弃pMW-intxis-ts质粒。得到的克隆进行氨苄青霉素抗性和氯霉素抗性试验。得到一株对氨苄青霉素和氯霉素敏感的不含att-cat和pMW-intxis-ts的菌株。这个菌株命名为WC196ΔsfcA。
(2)b2463基因的破坏
除了用于破坏b2463基因的引物是用SEQ ID NO:3和4外,根据方法(1)使WC196和WC196ΔsfcA菌株的b2463基因缺失。因此获得菌株WC196Δb2463和WC196ΔsfcAΔb2463。得到的WC196ΔsfcAΔb2463被命名为WC196Δmez。
(3)PCR模板和辅助质粒的制备
PCR模板pMW118-attL-Cm-attR和辅助质粒pMW-intxis-ts按下文制备:
(3-1)pMW118-attL-Cm-attR
从pMW118-attL-Tc-attR出发构建质粒pMW118-attL-Cm-attR。连接以下4个DNA片段:
1)BglII-EcoRI-DNA片段(120bp)(SEQ ID NO:11)携带有attL序列,这个attL序列通过使用寡核苷酸引物P1和P2(SEQ ID NO:17和18)(这些引物含有Bgl II和EcoR I核酸内切酶的辅助识别位点)扩增大肠杆菌W3350(含λ原噬菌体)的染色体的相应序列得到;
2)PstI-Hind III-DNA片段(182bp)携带有attR序列(SEQ ID NO:12),这个attR序列通过使用寡核苷酸引物P3和P4(SEQ ID NO:19和20)(这些引物含有Pst I和Hind III核酸内切酶的辅助识别位点)扩增大肠杆菌W3350(含λ原噬菌体)的染色体的相应序列得到;
3)pMW118-ter_rrnB的Bgl II-Hind III大片段(3916bp)。pMW118-ter_rrnB通过连接以下三个DNA片段得到:
·携带pMW118的Aat II-EcoR I pol片段的大片段(2359bp),用EcoR I限制性内切酶消化pMW118,用DNA聚合酶I的klenow片段处理后再用Aat II限制性内切酶消化;
·携带抗氨苄青霉素的bla基因(ApR)的pUC19的Aat II-Bgl II小片段(1194bp),通过使用寡核苷酸引物P5和P6(SEQ ID NO:21和22)(这些引物含有Bgl II和Aat II核酸内切酶的辅助识别位点)扩增pUC19质粒的相应序列得到;
·转录终止子ter_rrnB的BglII-PstIpol小片段(363bp),通过使用寡核苷酸引物P7和P8(SEQ ID NO:23和24)(这些引物含有PstI和BglII核酸内切酶的辅助识别位点)扩增大肠杆菌MG1655(含λ原噬菌体)的染色体的相应序列得到;
4)pML-Tc-ter_thrL的EcoRI-PstI小片段(1388bp)(SEQ ID NO:29),包括四环素抗性基因和转录终止子ter_thrL,pML-Tc-ter_thrL用以下方法获得:
·用Xba I和Bam HI限制性内切酶消化pML-MSC(2001#5),然后连接大片段(3342bp)和携带终止子ter_thrL的XbaI-Bam HI片段(68bp),该终止子通过使用寡核苷酸引物P9和P10(SEQ ID NO:25和26)(这些引物含有XbaI和BamHI核酸内切酶的辅助识别位点)扩增大肠杆菌MG1655(含λ原噬菌体)的染色体的相应序列得到。连接产物即为pML-ter_thrL质粒;
·然后用KpnI和XbaI限制性内切酶消化pML-ter_thrL,用DNA聚合酶I的klenow片段处理后与含有四环素抗性基因的pBR322的(1317bp)EcoRI-Van91I小片段连接(EcoRI和Van91I限制性内切酶消化pBR322,再用DNA聚合酶I的klenow片段处理得到),该反应产物为质粒pML-Tc-ter_thrL;
如此即得到pMW118-attL-Tc-attR。
将pMW118-attL-Tc-attR的BamHI-XbaI大片段(4413bp)与包括PA2启动子(T7噬菌体的早期启动子)、氯霉素抗性(CmR)cat基因、转录终止子ter_thrL和attR的BglII-XbaI人工DNA片段(1162bp)连接,即构建成pMW118-attL-Cm-attR。人工DNA片段(SEQ ID NO:30)按以下方法制备:
1.用XbaI和KpnI限制性内切酶消化pML-MSC(2001#5),然后与包含PA2启动子(T7噬菌体的早期启动子)的KpnI-XbaI小片段(120bp)连接,该启动子通过使用寡核苷酸引物P11和P12(SEQ IDNO:27和28)(这些引物含有XbaI和KpnI核酸内切酶的辅助识别位点)扩增T7噬菌体DNA相应序列得到。连接产物为质粒pML-PA2-MCS;
2.从pML-PA2-MCS中删除XbaI位点,产物为质粒pML-PA2-MCS(XbaI-);
3.pML-PA2-MCS(XbaI-)的BglII-HindIII(928bp)小片段,其含PA2启动子(T7噬菌体的早期启动子)和氯霉素抗性基因(CmR)cat基因,与pMW118-attL-Tc-attR的HindIII-HindIII(234bp)小片段(含有转录终止子ter_thrL和attR)连接;
4.所需的人工DNA片段(1156bp)通过使用寡核苷酸引物P9和P4(SEQ ID NO:25和20)(这些引物含有HindIII和XbaI核酸内切酶的辅助识别位点)扩增连接反应混合物获得。
(3-2)pMW-intxis-ts
首先通过使用λ噬菌体DNA(“Fermentas”)作为模板PCR扩增得到两个片段。第一个片段含有从37168到38046nt区域序列(SEQ IDNO:39),也包含编码cI抑制子基因、Prm和Pr启动子和cro基因前导序列。P1’和P2’寡核苷酸(SEQ ID NO:31和32)为引物获得这个片段。第二个片段携带λ噬菌体的xis-int基因,包含从27801到29100nt区域的序列(SEQ ID NO:40)。扩增这个片段所用引物为P3′和P4′寡核苷酸(SEQ ID NO:33和34)。所有引物均含有合适的核酸内切酶识别位点。
携带cI抑制子的PCR扩增片段,用限制性内切酶ClaI消化,再用DNA聚合酶I的klenow片段处理,随后用限制性内切酶EcoRI消化。第二个PCR扩增片段用限制性内切酶EcoRI和PstI消化。然后pMWPlaclacI-ts质粒用BglII核酸内切酶消化,用DNA聚合酶I的klenow片段处理后,再用PstI限制性内切酶消化。pMWPlaclacI-ts的载体片段通过琼脂糖凝胶洗脱,并与消化的PCR扩增片段连接。
质粒pMWPlaclacI-ts是pMWPlaclacI的衍生物,包含以下部分:
1)BglII-HindIII人工DNA片段,含有由Placuv5启动子控制的lacI基因,和T7噬菌体基因10的RBS序列;2)AatII-BglII-DNA片段,携带氨苄青霉素抗性基因(ApR),通过使用寡核苷酸引物P5′和P6′(SEQ IDNO:35和36)(这些引物含有AatII和BhlII核酸内切酶的辅助识别位点)扩增pUC19的相应序列得到;3)AatII-HindIII-片段,包含上述构建的重组质粒pMW118-ter_rrnB的AatII-HindIII片段,后者质粒按下文制备,PstI-HindIII DNA片段携带有终止子ter_rrnB,通过使用寡核苷酸引物P7′和P8′(SEQ ID NO:37和38)(这些引物含有合适的核酸内切酶识别位点)扩增大肠杆菌MG1655染色体的相应区域得到。在连接前,pMW118质粒和ter_rrnB DNA片段(互补,SEQ ID NO:41)分别用核酸内切酶PvuI或PstI处理,再用DNA聚合酶I的klenow片段处理获得平末端,再用核酸内切酶AatII或HindIII处理。质粒pMAN997的AatII-EcoRV片段被质粒pMWPlaclacI的AatII-EcoRV片段取代以构建pMWPlaclacI-ts变异体,AatII-EcoRV片段含有PSC101复制子的loci par、ori和repAts基因。
实施例4
构建苹果酸酶缺陷的产L-苏氨酸菌株
sfcA和b2463缺陷菌株从VKPM B-5318菌株构建得到。VKPMB-5318菌株1987年11月19日在俄罗斯国立工业微生物保藏中心(VKPM),GNII Genetika)保藏,其检索号为VKPM B-5318。
用实施例3中的同样方法,利用“red-driven integration”法得到一个苹果酸酶(mez)基因(sfcA,b2463)缺陷的菌株。也就是说,除了用菌株B-5318取代菌株WC196外,使用实施例3同样的路线,利用red-driven integration法,获得sfcA或b2463缺陷的突变株,其鉴定通过氯霉素抗性基因。sfcA被破坏的B-5318菌株被命名为B-5318ΔsfcA。b2463被破坏的B-5318菌株被命名为B-5318Δb2463。sfcA和b2463都被破坏的B-5318菌株B-5318ΔsfcAΔb2463,是通过与实施例3中同样的“red-driven integration”法和切除系统联用获得的。B-5318ΔsfcAΔb2463菌株命名为B-5318Δmez。
实施例5
苹果酸酶缺陷菌株的评价
<5-1>b2463缺陷的产L-苏氨酸菌株的评价
用含有20mg/L的硫酸链霉素和25mg/L硫酸卡那霉素的LB琼脂培养基(10g/L胰蛋白胨,5g/L酵母提取物,5g/L NaCl,15g/L琼脂)培养菌株B-5318Δb2463和B-5318,37℃培养24小时,将平板上1/5的细菌细胞接种至50ml含有20mg/L的硫酸链霉素和25mg/L硫酸卡那霉素的液体LB培养基(10g/L胰蛋白胨,5g/L酵母提取物,5g/LNaCl)中进行预培养,40℃144rpm培养3.5小时。
完成预培养后,预培养菌液接种至装有300ml主培养基的1L发酵罐中,接种量为主培养基体积的10%,40℃pH值7.0进行主培养。主培养基成分见下表。
表4
[主培养基成分]
葡萄糖 100g/L
酵母提取物 1.8g/L
FeSO4·7H2O 18mg/L
MnSO4·4H2O 18mg/L
KH2PO4 1.0g/L
MgSO4·7H2O 0.36g/L
(NH4)2SO4 4.5g/L
NaCl 0.6g/L
硫酸链霉素 20mg/L
硫酸卡那霉素 25mg/L
培养过程中添加氨气调节pH值至7.0。
当加入的糖被消耗后,用液相色谱测量L-苏氨酸的量。结果见表5。
当使用b2463缺陷菌株B-5318Δb2463时,其苏氨酸产量比对照菌株B-5318高。
表5
菌株 L-苏氨酸发酵产率(%)
B-5318 31.4
B-5318Δb2463 32.1
<5-2>sfcA缺陷的产L-苏氨酸菌株的评价
用与<5-1>中同样方法培养菌株B-5318ΔsfcA和B5318。
当加入的糖被消耗后,用液相色谱测量L-苏氨酸的量。结果见表6。
当使用sfcA缺陷菌株B-5318Δb2463时,其苏氨酸产量比对照菌株B-5318高。
表6
菌株 L-苏氨酸发酵产出(%)
B-5318 31.4
B-5318ΔsfcA 32.2
<5-3>sfcA和b2463均缺陷的产L-赖氨酸菌株的评价
用含有dapA、dapB和dapC基因的pCABD2质粒按常规方法转化菌株WC196、WC196ΔsfcA和WC196Δb2463,来制备菌株WC196/pCABD2、WC196ΔsfcA/pCABD2和WC196Δb2463/pCABD2以生产赖氨酸(国际公布No.WO01/53459)。
用含有20mg/l链霉素的L培养基(如下所述),37℃培养菌株WC196/pCABD2、WC196ΔsfcA/pCABD2和WC196Δb2463/pCABD2至OD600值约为0.6。再向培养物中添加与培养物等量的40%甘油溶液。搅拌后,将混合物分装为合适等份,保藏于-80℃。保存的等份称为甘油原种。
将菌株的甘油原种解冻,将每100μl均匀涂布到含20mg/l链霉素的L平板上,37℃培养24小时。取下所得平板1/8的细菌细胞,接种至20ml含有20mg/L链霉素的发酵培养基中(如下所述),37℃摇床培养约16小时。培养后,用Biotech Analyzer AS210(Sakura Seiki)测量培养基中积累的赖氨酸量和残留葡萄糖量。
L-赖氨酸积累和细胞扣除后的产率结果见表7。细胞扣除后产率指扣除用于形成细菌细胞所消耗糖量后的产率,其计算基于消耗掉的糖有50%用来形成细菌细胞的假设。如结果所示,WC196ΔsfcA/pCABD2和WC196Δb2463/pCABD2细胞扣除后产率比对照菌株WC196/pCABD2高。
表7
菌株 细胞干重(g/L) 细胞扣除后产率(%)
宿主 质粒
WC196 pCABD2 2.5 100.0
WC196ΔsfcA pCABD2 2.3 101.6
WC196Δb2463 pCABD2 2.2 104.7
在评价sfcA或b2463缺陷的产L-赖氨酸菌株中所用培养基描述如下。没有另外说明的试剂均来自Wako Pure Chemicals或NakaraiTesque。所用培养基组分列于下表。用NaOH或HCl调节所有培养基的pH值。
表8
(L培养基)
细菌用胰蛋白胨(DIFCO) 10g/L
酵母提取物(DIFCO) 5g/L
NaCl 5g/L
pH7.0
[120℃蒸汽灭菌20min]
(L琼脂培养基)
L培养基
细菌用琼脂(DIFCO) 15g/L
[120℃蒸汽灭菌20min]
(埃希氏菌L-赖氨酸生产培养基)
葡萄糖 40g/I
硫酸铵 24g/L
磷酸二氢钾 1.0g
七水硫酸镁 1.0g/L
七水硫酸亚铁 0.01g/L
四水硫酸锰 0.01
酵母提取物 2.0g/L
碳酸钙(药典) 30g/L
[用KOH调节pH值至7.0,115℃蒸汽灭菌10min,条件是葡萄糖和MgSO4·7H2O分别单独灭菌]
实施例6
苹果酸酶缺陷菌株(Δmez)的评价
<6-1>苹果酸酶缺陷的产L-苏氨酸菌株的评价
用含20mg/L硫酸链霉素和25mg/L的硫酸卡那霉素的LB琼脂培养基(10g/L胰蛋白胨,5g/L酵母提取物,5g/LNaCl,15g/L琼脂)培养菌株B-5318Δmez和B-5318,37℃培养24小时。将细菌细胞从平板上取下,悬浮于5ml液体LB培养基(10g/L胰蛋白胨,5g/L酵母提取物,5g/LNaCl)中。将0.5ml菌悬液接种至50ml含20mg/L硫酸链霉素和25mg/L的硫酸卡那霉素的液体LB培养基中,39℃144rpm进行4小时预培养。
完成预培养后,预培养菌液接种至装有300ml主培养基的1L容量的发酵罐中,接种量为主培养基体积的10%,39℃pH值7.0进行主培养。主培养基成分见下表。
表9
[主培养基成分]
葡萄糖 27g/L
酵母提取物 1.8g/L
FeSO4·7H2O 18mg/L
MnSO4·4H2O 18mg/L
KH2PO4 1.5g/L
MgSO4·7H2O 0.36g/L
(NH4)2SO4 4.5g/L
NaCl 0.6g/L
硫酸链霉素 20mg/L
硫酸卡那霉素 25mg/L
培养过程中添加氨水调节pH值为7。
当加入的糖被耗尽后,添加600g/L葡萄糖水溶液。
主培养24h后,用液相色谱测量L-苏氨酸的量。结果见表10。
当使用苹果酸酶缺陷菌株B-5318Δmez时,苏氨酸产率比对照菌株B-5318高。
表10
菌株 L-苏氨酸发酵产率(%)
B-5318 35.9
B-5318Δmez 38.3
<6-2>苹果酸酶缺陷的产L-赖氨酸菌株的评价
用pCABD2质粒(国际公布No.WO01/53459)按常规方法转化菌株WC196、WC196Δmez,来制备菌株WC196/pCABD2、WC196Δmez/pCABD2以生产赖氨酸。
用含20mg/L硫酸链霉素的L培养基(与实施例5<5-3>所用相同)37℃培养菌株WC196/pCABD2和WC196Δmez/pCABD2至OD600值约为0.6。然后向培养物中添加与培养物等量的40%甘油溶液。搅拌后,混合物分装为合适等份,保藏于-80℃。保存的组分称为甘油原种。
将甘油原种的菌株解冻后,将每100μl均匀涂布到含20mg/L链霉素的L平板上,37℃培养24小时。取下所得平板上1/8的细菌细胞,接种至含有20mg/L链霉素的20ml发酵培养基中(与实施例5<5-3>所用相同),37℃摇床培养约48小时。培养后,用Biotech AnalyzerAS210(Sakura Seiki)测量培养基中积累的赖氨酸量和残留葡萄糖量。
L-赖氨酸积累和细胞扣除后产率的结果见表11。细胞扣除后产率基于消耗掉的糖有50%用来形成细菌细胞的假设来计算。如结果所示,WC196Δmez/pCABD2细胞扣除后产率比对照菌株WC196/pCABD2高。
表11
菌株 细胞干重(g/L) 细胞扣除后产率(%)
宿主 质粒
WC196 pCABD2 5.2 100.0
WC196Δmez pCABD2 5.8 103.4
工业适用性
根据本发明,使用埃希氏菌发酵生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的方法提高了L-赖氨酸和/或L-苏氨酸的发酵产率。而且,本发明可用来培育埃希氏菌属的产L-赖氨酸和/或L-苏氨酸菌株。
序列表
<110>味之素株式会社(Ajinomoto Co.,Inc.)
<120>用苹果酸酶活性减弱的埃希氏菌生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的方法
<130>C2710PC4106
<150>JP 2003-202842
<151>2003-07-29
<160>41
<210>1
<211>54
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>引物
<400>1
aatatctttc agttccggca gtaccatacc ttcgcctgaa gcctgctttt ttat 54
<210>2
<211>54
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>引物
<400>2
agcatggaag aacgccgtaa cttcaacctg ctggggcgct caagttagta taaa 54
<210>3
<211>54
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>引物
<400>3
cgacgggcag tcagaagaac caaagttgga gtgcgatgaa gcctgctttt ttat 54
<210>4
<211>54
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>引物
<400>4
gacattgaag ttgacgaact cgacccggac aaatttcgct caagttagta taaa 54
<210>5
<211>1725
<212>DNA
<213>大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(1)..(1725)
<400>5
atg gat att caa aaa aga gtg agt gac atg gaa cca aaa aca aaa aaa 48
Met Asp Ile Gln Lys Arg Val Ser Asp Met Glu Pro Lys Thr Lys Lys
1 5 10 15
cag cgt tcg ctt tat atc cct tac gct ggc cct gta ctg ctg gaa ttt 96
Gln Arg Ser Leu Tyr Ile Pro Tyr Ala Gly Pro Val Leu Leu Glu Phe
20 25 30
ccg ttg ttg aat aaa ggc agt gcc ttc agc atg gaa gaa cgc cgt aac 144
Pro Leu Leu Asn Lys Gly Ser Ala Phe Ser Met Glu Glu Arg Arg Asn
35 40 45
ttc aac ctg ctg ggg tta ctg ccg gaa gtg gtc gaa acc atc gaa gaa 192
Phe Asn Leu Leu Gly Leu Leu Pro Glu Val Val Glu Thr Ile Glu Glu
50 55 60
caa gcg gaa cga gca tgg atc cag tat cag gga ttc aaa acc gaa atc 240
Gln Ala Glu Arg Ala Trp Ile Gln Tyr Gln Gly Phe Lys Thr Glu Ile
65 70 75 80
gac aaa cac atc tac ctg cgt aac atc cag gac act aac gaa acc ctc 288
Asp Lys His Ile Tyr Leu Arg Asn Ile Gln Asp Thr Asn Glu Thr Leu
85 90 95
ttc tac cgt ctg gta aac aat cat ctt gat gag atg atg cct gtt att 336
Phe Tyr Arg Leu Val Asn Asn His Leu Asp Glu Met Met Pro Val Ile
100 105 110
tat acc cca acc gtc ggc gca gcc tgt gag cgt ttt tct gag atc tac 384
Tyr Thr Pro Thr Val Gly Ala Ala Cys Glu Arg Phe Ser Glu Ile Tyr
115 120 125
cgc cgt tca cgc ggc gtg ttt atc tct tac cag aac cgg cac aat atg 432
Arg Arg Ser Arg Gly Val Phe Ile Ser Tyr Gln Asn Arg His Asn Met
130 135 140
gac gat att ctg caa aac gtg ccg aac cat aat att aaa gtg att gtg 480
Asp Asp Ile Leu Gln Asn Val Pro Asn His Asn Ile Lys Val Ile Val
145 150 155 160
gtg act gac ggt gaa cgc att ctg ggg ctt ggt gac cag ggc atc ggc 528
Val Thr Asp Gly Glu Arg Ile Leu Gly Leu Gly Asp Gln Gly Ile Gly
165 170 175
ggg atg ggc att ccg atc ggt aaa ctg tcg ctc tat acc gcc tgt ggc 576
Gly Met Gly Ile Pro Ile Gly Lys Leu Ser Leu Tyr Thr Ala Cys Gly
180 185 190
ggc atc agc ccg gcg tat acc ctt ccg gtg gtg ctg gat gtc gga acg 624
Gly Ile Ser Pro Ala Tyr Thr Leu Pro Val Val Leu Asp Val Gly Thr
195 200 205
aac aac caa cag ctg ctt aac gat ccg ctg tat atg ggc tgg cgt aat 672
Asn Asn Gln Gln Leu Leu Asn Asp Pro Leu Tyr Met Gly Trp Arg Asn
210 215 220
ccg cgt atc act gac gac gaa tac tat gaa ttc gtt gat gaa ttt atc 720
Pro Arg Ile Thr Asp Asp Glu Tyr Tyr Glu Phe Val Asp Glu Phe Ile
225 230 235 240
cag gct gtg aaa caa cgc tgg cca gac gtg ctg ttg cag ttt gaa gac 768
Gln Ala Val Lys Gln Arg Trp Pro Asp Val Leu Leu Gln Phe Glu Asp
245 250 255
ttt gct caa aaa aat gcg atg ccg tta ctt aac cgc tat cgc aat gaa 816
Phe Ala Gln Lys Asn Ala Met Pro Leu Leu Asn Arg Tyr Arg Asn Glu
260 265 270
att tgt tct ttt aac gat gac att cag ggc act gcg gcg gta aca gtc 864
Ile Cys Ser Phe Asn Asp Asp Ile Gln Gly Thr Ala Ala Val Thr Val
275 280 285
ggc aca ctg atc gca gca agc cgc gcg gca ggt ggt cag tta agc gag 912
Gly Thr Leu Ile Ala Ala Ser Arg Ala Ala Gly Gly Gln Leu Ser Glu
290 295 300
aaa aaa atc gtc ttc ctt ggc gca ggt tca gcg gga tgc ggc att gcc 960
Lys Lys Ile Val Phe Leu Gly Ala Gly Ser Ala Gly Cys Gly Ile Ala
305 310 315 320
gaa atg atc atc tcc cag acc cag cgc gaa gga tta agc gag gaa gcg 1008
Glu Met Ile Ile Ser Gln Thr Gln Arg Glu Gly Leu Ser Glu Glu Ala
325 330 335
gcg cgg cag aaa gtc ttt atg gtc gat cgc ttt ggc ttg ctg act gac 1056
Ala Arg Gln Lys Val Phe Met Val Asp Arg Phe Gly Leu Leu Thr Asp
340 345 350
aag atg ccg aac ctg ctg cct ttc cag acc aaa ctg gtg cag aag cgc 1104
Lys Met Pro Asn Leu Leu Pro Phe Gln Thr Lys Leu Val Gln Lys Arg
355 360 365
gaa aac ctc agt gac tgg gat acc gac agc gat gtg ctg tca ctg ctg 1152
Glu Asn Leu Ser Asp Trp Asp Thr Asp Ser Asp Val Leu Ser Leu Leu
370 375 380
gat gtg gtg cgc aat gta aaa cca gat att ctg att ggc gtc tca gga 1200
Asp Val Val Arg Asn Val Lys Pro Asp Ile Leu Ile Gly Val Ser Gly
385 390 395 400
cag acc ggg ctg ttt acg gaa gag atc atc cgt gag atg cat aaa cac 1248
Cln Thr Gly Leu Phe Thr Glu Glu Ile Ile Arg Glu Met His Lys His
405 410 415
tgt ccg cgt ccg atc gtg atg ccg ctg tct aac ccg acg tca cgc gtg 1296
Cys Pro Arg Pro Ile Val Met Pro Leu Ser Asn Pro Thr Ser Arg Val
420 425 430
gaa gcc aca ccg cag gac att atc gcc tgg acc gaa ggt aac gcg ctg 1344
Glu Ala Thr Pro Gln Asp Ile Ile Ala Trp Thr Glu Gly Asn Ala Leu
435 440 445
gtc gcc acg ggc agc ccg ttt aat cca gtg gta tgg aaa gat aaa atc 1392
Val Ala Thr Gly Ser Pro Phe Asn Pro Val Val Trp Lys Asp Lys Ile
450 455 460
tac cct atc gcc cag tgt aac aac gcc ttt att ttc ccg ggc atc ggc 1440
Tyr Pro Ile Ala Gln Cys Asn Asn Ala Phe Ile Phe Pro Gly Ile Gly
465 470 475 480
ctg ggt gtt att gct tcc ggc gcg tca cgt atc acc gat gag atg ctg 1488
Leu Gly Val Ile Ala Ser Gly Ala Ser Arg Ile Thr Asp Glu Met Leu
485 490 495
atg tcg gca agt gaa acg ctg gcg cag tat tca cca ttg gtg ctg aac 1536
Met Ser Ala Ser Glu Thr Leu Ala Gln Tyr Ser Pro Leu Val Leu Asn
500 505 510
ggc gaa ggt atg gta ctg ccg gaa ctg aaa gat att cag aaa gtc tcc 1584
Gly Glu Gly Met Val Leu Pro Glu Leu Lys Asp Ile Gln Lys Val Ser
515 520 525
cgc gca att gcg ttt gcg gtt ggc aaa atg gcg cag cag caa ggc gtg 1632
Arg Ala Ile Ala Phe Ala Val Gly Lys Met Ala Gln Gln Gln Gly Val
530 535 540
gcg gtg aaa acc tct gcc gaa gcc ctg caa cag gcc att gac gat aat 1680
Ala Val Lys Thr Ser Ala Glu Ala Leu Gln Gln Ala Ile Asp Asp Asn
545 550 555 560
ttc tgg caa gcc gaa tac cgc gac tac cgc cgt acc tcc atc taa 1725
Phe Trp Gln Ala Glu Tyr Arg Asp Tyr Arg Arg Thr Ser Ile
565 570
<210>6
<211>574
<212>PRT
<213>大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)
<400>6
Met Asp Ile Gln Lys Arg Val Ser Asp Met Glu Pro Lys Thr Lys Lys
1 5 10 15
Gln Arg Ser Leu Tyr Ile Pro Tyr Ala Gly Pro Val Leu Leu Glu Phe
20 25 30
Pro Leu Leu Asn Lys Gly Ser Ala Phe Ser Met Glu Glu Arg Arg Asn
35 40 45
Phe Asn Leu Leu Gly Leu Leu Pro Glu Val Val Glu Thr Ile Glu Glu
50 55 60
Gln Ala Glu Arg Ala Trp Ile Gln Tyr Gln Gly Phe Lys Thr Glu Ile
65 70 75 80
Asp Lys His Ile Tyr Leu Arg Asn Ile Gln Asp Thr Asn Glu Thr Leu
85 90 95
Phe Tyr Arg Leu Val Asn Asn His Leu Asp Glu Met Met Pro Val Ile
100 105 110
Tyr Thr Pro Thr Val Gly Ala Ala Cys Glu Arg Phe Ser Glu Ile Tyr
115 120 125
Arg Arg Ser Arg Gly Val Phe Ile Ser Tyr Gln Asn Arg His Asn Met
130 135 140
Asp Asp Ile Leu Gln Asn Val Pro Asn His Asn Ile Lys Val Ile Val
145 150 155 160
Val Thr Asp Gly Glu Arg Ile Leu Gly Leu Gly Asp Gln Gly Ile Gly
165 170 175
Gly Met Gly Ile Pro Ile Gly Lys Leu Ser Leu Tyr Thr Ala Cys Gly
180 185 190
Gly Ile Ser Pro Ala Tyr Thr Leu Pro Val Val Leu Asp Val Gly Thr
195 200 205
Asn Asn Gln Gln Leu Leu Asn Asp Pro Leu Tyr Met Gly Trp Arg Asn
210 215 220
Pro Arg Ile Thr Asp Asp Glu Tyr Tyr Glu Phe Val Asp Glu Phe Ile
225 230 235 240
Gln Ala Val Lys Gln Arg Trp Pro Asp Val Leu Leu Gln Phe Glu Asp
245 250 255
Phe Ala Gln Lys Asn Ala Met Pro Leu Leu Asn Arg Tyr Arg Asn Glu
260 265 270
Ile Cys Ser Phe Asn Asp Asp Ile Gln Gly Thr Ala Ala Val Thr Val
275 280 285
Gly Thr Leu Ile Ala Ala Ser Arg Ala Ala Gly Gly Gln Leu Ser Glu
290 295 300
Lys Lys Ile Val Phe Leu Gly Ala Gly Ser Ala Gly Cys Gly Ile Ala
305 310 315 320
Glu Met Ile Ile Ser Gln Thr Gln Arg Glu Gly Leu Ser Glu Glu Ala
325 330 335
Ala Arg Gln Lys Val Phe Met Val Asp Arg Phe Gly Leu Leu Thr Asp
340 345 350
Lys Met Pro Asn Leu Leu Pro Phe Gln Thr Lys Leu Val Gln Lys Arg
355 360 365
Glu Asn Leu Ser Asp Trp Asp Thr Asp Ser Asp Val Leu Ser Leu Leu
370 375 380
Asp Val Val Arg Asn Val Lys Pro Asp Ile Leu Ile Gly Val Ser Gly
385 390 395 400
Gln Thr Gly Leu Phe Thr Glu Glu Ile Ile Arg Glu Met His Lys His
405 410 415
Cys Pro Arg Pro Ile Val Met Pro Leu Ser Asn Pro Thr Ser Arg Val
420 425 430
Glu Ala Thr Pro Gln Asp Ile Ile Ala Trp Thr Glu Gly Asn Ala Leu
435 440 445
Val Ala Thr Gly Ser Pro Phe Asn Pro Val Val Trp Lys Asp Lys Ile
450 455 460
Tyr Pro Ile Ala Gln Cys Asn Asn Ala Phe Ile Phe Pro Gly Ile Gly
465 470 475 480
Leu Gly Val Ile Ala Ser Gly Ala Ser Arg Ile Thr Asp Glu Met Leu
485 490 495
Met Ser Ala Ser Glu Thr Leu Ala Gln Tyr Ser Pro Leu Val Leu Asn
500 505 510
Gly Glu Gly Met Val Leu Pro Glu Leu Lys Asp Ile Gln Lys Val Ser
515 520 525
Arg Ala Ile Ala Phe Ala Val Gly Lys Met Ala Gln Gln Gln Gly Val
530 535 540
Ala Val Lys Thr Ser Ala Glu Ala Leu Gln Gln Ala Ile Asp Asp Asn
545 550 555 560
Phe Trp Gln Ala Glu Tyr Arg Asp Tyr Arg Arg Thr Ser Ile
565 570
<210>7
<211>2280
<212>DNA
<213>大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(1)..(2280)
<400>7
atg gat gac cag tta aaa caa agt gca ctt gat ttc cat gaa ttt cca 48
Met Asp Asp Gln Leu Lys Gln Ser Ala Leu Asp Phe His Glu Phe Pro
1 5 10 15
gtt cca ggg aaa atc cag gtt tct cca acc aag cct ctg gca aca cag 96
Val Pro Gly Lys Ile Gln Val Ser Pro Thr Lys Pro Leu Ala Thr Gln
20 25 30
cgc gat ctg gcg ctg gcc tac tca cca ggc gtt gcc gca cct tgt ctt 144
Arg Asp Leu Ala Leu Ala Tyr Ser Pro Gly Val Ala Ala Pro Cys Leu
35 40 45
gaa atc gaa aaa gac ccg tta aaa gcc tac aaa tat acc gcc cga ggt 192
Glu Ile Glu Lys Asp Pro Leu Lys Ala Tyr Lys Tyr Thr Ala Arg Gly
50 55 60
aac ctg gtg gcg gtg atc tct aac ggt acg gcg gtg ctg ggg tta ggc 240
Asn Leu Val Ala Val Ile Ser Asn Gly Thr Ala Val Leu Gly Leu Gly
65 70 75 80
aac att ggc gcg ctg gca ggc aaa ccg gtg atg gaa ggc aag ggc gtt 288
Asn Ile Gly Ala Leu Ala Gly Lys Pro Val Met Glu Gly Lys Gly Val
85 90 95
ctg ttt aag aaa ttc gcc ggg att gat gta ttt gac att gaa gtt gac 336
Leu Phe Lys Lys Phe Ala Gly Ile Asp Val Phe Asp Ile Glu Val Asp
100 105 110
gaa ctc gac ccg gac aaa ttt att gaa gtt gtc gcc gcg ctc gaa cca 384
Glu Leu Asp Pro Asp Lys Phe Ile Glu Val Val Ala Ala Leu Glu Pro
115 120 125
acc ttc ggc ggc atc aac ctc gaa gac att aaa gcg cca gaa tgt ttc 432
Thr Phe Gly Gly Ile Asn Leu Glu Asp Ile Lys Ala Pro Glu Cys Phe
130 135 140
tat att gaa cag aaa ctg cgc gag cgg atg aat att ccg gta ttc cac 480
Tyr Ile Glu Gln Lys Leu Arg Glu Arg Met Asn Ile Pro Val Phe His
145 150 155 160
gac gat cag cac ggc acg gca att atc agc act gcc gcc atc ctc aac 528
Asp Asp Gln His Gly Thr Ala Ile Ile Ser Thr Ala Ala Ile Leu Asn
165 170 175
ggc ttg cgc gtg gtg gag aaa aac atc tcc gac gtg cgg atg gtg gtt 576
Gly Leu Arg Val Val Glu Lys Asn Ile Ser Asp Val Arg Met Val Val
180 185 190
tcc ggc gcg ggt gcc gca gca atc gcc tgt atg aac ctg ctg gta gcg 624
Ser Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Cys Met Asn Leu Leu Val Ala
195 200 205
ctg ggt ctg caa aaa cat aac atc gtg gtt tgc gat tca aaa ggc gtt 672
Leu Gly Leu Gln Lys His Asn Ile Val Val Cys Asp Ser Lys Gly Val
210 215 220
atc tat cag ggc cgt gag cca aac atg gcg gaa acc aaa gcc gca tat 720
Ile Tyr Gln Gly Arg Glu Pro Asn Met Ala Glu Thr Lys Ala Ala Tyr
225 230 235 240
gcg gtg gtg gat gac ggc aaa cgt acc ctc gat gat gtg att gaa ggc 768
Ala Val Val Asp Asp Gly Lys Arg Thr Leu Asp Asp Val Ile Glu Gly
245 250 255
gcg gat att ttc ctg ggc tgt tcc ggc ccg aaa gtg ctg acc cag gaa 816
Ala Asp Ile Phe Leu Gly Cys Ser Gly Pro Lys Val Leu Thr Gln Glu
260 265 270
atg gtg aag aaa atg gct cgt gcg cca atg atc ctg gcg ctg gcg aac 864
Met Val Lys Lys Met Ala Arg Ala Pro Met Ile Leu Ala Leu Ala Asn
275 280 285
ccg gaa ccg gaa att ctg ccg ccg ctg gcg aaa gaa gtg cgt ccg gat 912
Pro Glu Pro Glu Ile Leu Pro Pro Leu Ala Lys Glu Val Arg Pro Asp
290 295 300
gcc atc att tgc acc ggt cgt tct gac tat ccg aac cag gtg aac aac 960
Ala Ile Ile Cys Thr Gly Arg Ser Asp Tyr Pro Asn Gln Val Asn Asn
305 310 315 320
gtc ctg tgc ttc ccg ttc atc ttc cgt ggc gcg ctg gac gtt ggc gca 1008
Val Leu Cys Phe Pro Phe Ile Phe Arg Gly Ala Leu Asp Val Gly Ala
325 330 335
acc gcc atc aac gaa gag atg aaa ctg gcg gcg gta cgt gcg att gca 1056
Thr Ala Ile Asn Glu Glu Met Lys Leu Ala Ala Val Arg Ala Ile Ala
340 345 350
gaa ctc gcc cat gcg gaa cag agc gaa gtg gtg gct tca gcg tat ggc 1104
Glu Leu Ala His Ala Glu Gln Ser Glu Val Val Ala Ser Ala Tyr Gly
355 360 365
gat cag gat ctg agc ttt ggt ccg gaa tac atc att cca aaa ccg ttt 1152
Asp Gln Asp Leu Ser Phe Gly Pro Glu Tyr Ile Ile Pro Lys Pro Phe
370 375 380
gat ccg cgc ttg atc gtt aag atc gct cct gcg gtc gct aaa gcc gcg 1200
Asp Pro Arg Leu Ile Val Lys Ile Ala Pro Ala Val Ala Lys Ala Ala
385 390 395 400
atg gag tcg ggc gtg gcg act cgt ccg att gct gat ttc gac gtc tac 1248
Met Glu Ser Gly Val Ala Thr Arg Pro Ile Ala Asp Phe Asp Val Tyr
405 410 415
atc gac aag ctg act gag ttc gtt tac aaa acc aac ctg ttt atg aag 1296
Ile Asp Lys Leu Thr Glu Phe Val Tyr Lys Thr Asn Leu Phe Met Lys
420 425 430
ccg att ttc tcc cag gct cgc aaa gcg ccg aag cgc gtt gtt ctg ccg 1344
Pro Ile Phe Ser Gln Ala Arg Lys Ala Pro Lys Arg Val Val Leu Pro
435 440 445
gaa ggg gaa gag gcg cgc gtt ctg cat gcc act cag gaa ctg gta acg 1392
Glu Gly Glu Glu Ala Arg Val Leu His Ala Thr Gln Glu Leu Val Thr
450 455 460
ctg gga ctg gcg aaa ccg atc ctt atc ggt cgt ccg aac gtg atc gaa 1440
Leu Gly Leu Ala Lys Pro Ile Leu Ile Gly Arg Pro Asn Val Ile Glu
465 470 475 480
atg cgc att cag aaa ctg ggc ttg cag atc aaa gcg ggc gtt gat ttt 1488
Met Arg Ile Gln Lys Leu Gly Leu Gln Ile Lys Ala Gly Val Asp Phe
485 490 495
gag atc gtc aat aac gaa tcc gat ccg cgc ttt aaa gag tac tgg acc 1536
Glu Ile Val Asn Asn Glu Ser Asp Pro Arg Phe Lys Glu Tyr Trp Thr
500 505 510
gaa tac ttc cag atc atg aag cgt cgc ggc gtc act cag gaa cag gcg 1584
Glu Tyr Phe Gln Ile Met Lys Arg Arg Gly Val Thr Gln Glu Gln Ala
515 520 525
cag cgg gcg ctg atc agt aac ccg aca gtg atc ggc gcg atc atg gtt 1632
Gln Arg Ala Leu Ile Ser Asn Pro Thr Val Ile Gly Ala Ile Met Val
530 535 540
cag cgt ggg gaa gcc gat gca atg att tgc ggt acg gtg ggt gat tat 1680
Gln Arg Gly Glu Ala Asp Ala Met Ile Cys Gly Thr Val Gly Asp Tyr
545 550 555 560
cat gaa cat ttt agc gtg gtg aaa aat gtc ttt ggt tat cgc gat ggc 1728
His Glu His Phe Ser Val Val Lys Asn Val Phe Gly Tyr Arg Asp Gly
565 570 575
gtt cac acc gca ggt gcc atg aac gcg ctg ctg ctg ccg agt ggt aac 1776
Val His Thr Ala Gly Ala Met Asn Ala Leu Leu Leu Pro Ser Gly Asn
580 585 590
acc ttt att gcc gat aca tat gtt aat gat gaa ccg gat gca gaa gag 1824
Thr Phe Ile Ala Asp Thr Tyr Val Asn Asp Glu Pro Asp Ala Glu Glu
595 600 605
ctg gcg gag atc acc ttg atg gcg gca gaa act gtc cgt cgt ttt ggt 1872
Leu Ala Glu Ile Thr Leu Met Ala Ala Glu Thr Val Arg Arg Phe Gly
610 615 620
att gag ccg cgc gtt gct ttg ttg tcg cac tcc aac ttt ggt tct tct 1920
Ile Glu Pro Arg Val Ala Leu Leu Ser His Ser Asn Phe Gly Ser Ser
625 630 635 640
gac tgc ccg tcg tcg agc aaa atg cgt cag gcg ctg gaa ctg gtc agg 1968
Asp Cys Pro Ser Ser Ser Lys Met Arg Gln Ala Leu Glu Leu Val Arg
645 650 655
gaa cgt gca cca gaa ctg atg att gat ggt gaa atg cac ggc gat gca 2016
Glu Arg Ala Pro Glu Leu Met Ile Asp Gly Glu Met His Gly Asp Ala
660 665 670
gcg ctg gtg gaa gcg att cgc aac gac cgt atg ccg gac agc tct ttg 2064
Ala Leu Val Glu Ala Ile Arg Asn Asp Arg Met Pro Asp Ser Ser Leu
675 680 685
aaa ggt tcc gcc aat att ctg gtg atg ccg aac atg gaa gct gcc cgc 2112
Lys Gly Ser Ala Asn Ile Leu Val Met Pro Asn Met Glu Ala Ala Arg
690 695 700
att agt tac aac tta ctg cgt gtt tcc agc tcg gaa ggt gtg act gtc 2160
Ile Ser Tyr Asn Leu Leu Arg Val Ser Ser Ser Glu Gly Val Thr Val
705 710 715 720
ggc ccg gtg ctg atg ggt gtg gcg aaa ccg gtt cac gtg tta acg ccg 2208
Gly Pro Val Leu Met Gly Val Ala Lys Pro Val His Val Leu Thr Pro
725 730 735
atc gca tcg gtg cgt cgt atc gtc aac atg gtg gcg ctg gcc gtg gta 2256
Ile Ala Ser Val Arg Arg Ile Val Asn Met Val Ala Leu Ala Val Val
740 745 750
gaa gcg caa acc caa ccg ctg taa 2280
Glu Ala Gln Thr Gln Pro Leu
755
<210>8
<211>759
<212>PRT
<213>大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)
<400>8
Met Asp Asp Gln Leu Lys Gln Ser Ala Leu Asp Phe His Glu Phe Pro
1 5 10 15
Val Pro Gly Lys Ile Gln Val Ser Pro Thr Lys Pro Leu Ala Thr Gln
20 25 30
Arg Asp Leu Ala Leu Ala Tyr Ser Pro Gly Val Ala Ala Pro Cys Leu
35 40 45
Glu Ile Glu Lys Asp Pro Leu Lys Ala Tyr Lys Tyr Thr Ala Arg Gly
50 55 60
Asn Leu Val Ala Val Ile Ser Asn Gly Thr Ala Val Leu Gly Leu Gly
65 70 75 80
Asn Ile Gly Ala Leu Ala Gly Lys Pro Val Met Glu Gly Lys Gly Val
85 90 95
Leu Phe Lys Lys Phe Ala Gly Ile Asp Val Phe Asp Ile Glu Val Asp
100 105 110
Glu Leu Asp Pro Asp Lys Phe Ile Glu Val Val Ala Ala Leu Glu Pro
115 120 125
Thr Phe Gly Gly Ile Asn Leu Glu Asp Ile Lys Ala Pro Glu Cys Phe
130 135 140
Tyr Ile Glu Gln Lys Leu Arg Glu Arg Met Asn Ile Pro Val Phe His
145 150 155 160
Asp Asp Gln His Gly Thr Ala Ile Ile Ser Thr Ala Ala Ile Leu Asn
165 170 175
Gly Leu Arg Val Val Glu Lys Asn Ile Ser Asp Val Arg Met Val Val
180 185 190
Ser Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Ala Ile Ala Cys Met Asn Leu Leu Val Ala
195 200 205
Leu Gly Leu Gln Lys His Asn Ile Val Val Cys Asp Ser Lys Gly Val
210 215 220
Ile Tyr Gln Gly Arg Glu Pro Asn Met Ala Glu Thr Lys Ala Ala Tyr
225 230 235 240
Ala Val Val Asp Asp Gly Lys Arg Thr Leu Asp Asp Val Ile Glu Gly
245 250 255
Ala Asp Ile Phe Leu Gly Cys Ser Gly Pro Lys Val Leu Thr Gln Glu
260 265 270
Met Val Lys Lys Met Ala Arg Ala Pro Met Ile Leu Ala Leu Ala Asn
275 280 285
Pro Glu Pro Glu Ile Leu Pro Pro Leu Ala Lys Glu Val Arg Pro Asp
290 295 300
Ala Ile Ile Cys Thr Gly Arg Ser Asp Tyr Pro Asn Gln Val Asn Asn
305 310 315 320
Val Leu Cys Phe Pro Phe Ile Phe Arg Gly Ala Leu Asp Val Gly Ala
325 330 335
Thr Ala Ile Asn Glu Glu Met Lys Leu Ala Ala Val Arg Ala Ile Ala
340 345 350
Glu Leu Ala His Ala Glu Gln Ser Glu Val Val Ala Ser Ala Tyr Gly
355 360 365
Asp Gln Asp Leu Ser Phe Gly Pro Glu Tyr Ile Ile Pro Lys Pro Phe
370 375 380
Asp Pro Arg Leu Ile Val Lys Ile Ala Pro Ala Val Ala Lys Ala Ala
385 390 395 400
Met Glu Ser Gly Val Ala Thr Arg Pro Ile Ala Asp Phe Asp Val Tyr
405 410 415
Ile Asp Lys Leu Thr Glu Phe Val Tyr Lys Thr Asn Leu Phe Met Lys
420 425 430
Pro Ile Phe Ser Gln Ala Arg Lys Ala Pro Lys Arg Val Val Leu Pro
435 440 445
Glu Gly Glu Glu Ala Arg Val Leu His Ala Thr Gln Glu Leu Val Thr
450 455 460
Leu Gly Leu Ala Lys Pro Ile Leu Ile Gly Arg Pro Asn Val Ile Glu
465 470 475 480
Met Arg Ile Gln Lys Leu Gly Leu Gln Ile Lys Ala Gly Val Asp Phe
485 490 495
Glu Ile Val Asn Asn Glu Ser Asp Pro Arg Phe Lys Glu Tyr Trp Thr
500 505 510
Glu Tyr Phe Gln Ile Met Lys Arg Arg Gly Val Thr Gln Glu Gln Ala
515 520 525
Gln Arg Ala Leu Ile Ser Asn Pro Thr Val Ile Gly Ala Ile Met Val
530 535 540
Gln Arg Gly Glu Ala Asp Ala Met Ile Cys Gly Thr Val Gly Asp Tyr
545 550 555 560
His Glu His Phe Ser Val Val Lys Asn Val Phe Gly Tyr Arg Asp Gly
565 570 575
Val His Thr Ala Gly Ala Met Asn Ala Leu Leu Leu Pro Ser Gly Asn
580 585 590
Thr Phe Ile Ala Asp Thr Tyr Val Asn Asp Glu Pro Asp Ala Glu Glu
595 600 605
Leu Ala Glu Ile Thr Leu Met Ala Ala Glu Thr Val Arg Arg Phe Gly
610 615 620
Ile Glu Pro Arg Val Ala Leu Leu Ser His Ser Asn Phe Gly Ser Ser
625 630 635 640
Asp Cys Pro Ser Ser Ser Lys Met Arg Gln Ala Leu Glu Leu Val Arg
645 650 655
Glu Arg Ala Pro Glu Leu Met Ile Asp Gly Glu Met His Gly Asp Ala
660 665 670
Ala Leu Val Glu Ala Ile Arg Asn Asp Arg Met Pro Asp Ser Ser Leu
675 680 685
Lys Gly Ser Ala Asn Ile Leu Val Met Pro Asn Met Glu Ala Ala Arg
690 695 700
Ile Ser Tyr Asn Leu Leu Arg Val Ser Ser Ser Glu Gly Val Thr Val
705 710 715 720
Gly Pro Val Leu Met Gly Val Ala Lys Pro Val His Val Leu Thr Pro
725 730 735
Ile Ala Ser Val Arg Arg Ile Val Asn Met Val Ala Leu Ala Val Val
740 745 750
Glu Ala Gln Thr Gln Pro Leu
755
<210>9
<211>101
<212>DNA
<213>λ噬菌体(lambda phage)
<400>9
cctgcttttt tatactaagt tggcattata aaaaagcatt gcttatcaat ttgttgcaac 60
gaacaggtca ctatcagtca aaataaaatc attatttgat t 101
<210>10
<211>172
<212>DNA
<213>λ噬菌体(lambda phage)
<400>10
gcgctaatgc tctgttacag gtcactaata ccatctaagt agttgattca tagtgactgc 60
atatgttgtg ttttacagta ttatgtagtc tgttttttat gcaaaatcta atttaatata 120
ttgatattta tatcatttta cgtttctcgt tcagcttttt tatactaact tg 172
<210>11
<211>120
<212>DNA
<213>λ噬菌体(lambda phage)
<400>11
agatcttgaa gcctgctttt ttatactaag ttggcattat aaaaaagcat tgcttatcaa 60
tttgttgcaa cgaacaggtc actatcagtc aaaataaaat cattatttga tttcgaattc 120
<210>12
<211>184
<212>DNA
<213>λ噬菌体(lambda phage)
<400>12
ctgcagtctg ttacaggtca ctaataccat ctaagtagtt gattcatagt gactgcatat 60
gttgtgtttt acagtattat gtagtctgtt ttttatgcaa aatctaattt aatatattga 120
tatttatatc attttacgtt tctcgttcag cttttttata ctaacttgag cgtctagaaa 180
gctt 184
<210>13
<211>1071
<212>DNA
<213>λ噬菌体(lambda phage)
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(1)..(1071)
<400>13
atg gga aga agg cga agt cat gag cgc cgg gat tta ccc cct aac ctt 48
Met Gly Arg Arg Arg Ser His Glu Arg Arg Asp Leu Pro Pro Asn Leu
1 5 10 15
tat ata aga aac aat gga tat tac tgc tac agg gac cca agg acg ggt 96
Tyr Ile Arg Asn Asn Gly Tyr Tyr Cys Tyr Arg Asp Pro Arg Thr Gly
20 25 30
aaa gag ttt gga tta ggc aga gac agg cga atc gca atc act gaa gct 144
Lys Glu Phe Gly Leu Gly Arg Asp Arg Arg Ile Ala Ile Thr Glu Ala
35 40 45
ata cag gcc aac att gag tta ttt tca gga cac aaa cac aag cct ctg 192
Ile Gln Ala Asn Ile Glu Leu Phe Ser Gly His Lys His Lys Pro Leu
50 55 60
aca gcg aga atc aac agt gat aat tcc gtt acg tta cat tca tgg ctt 240
Thr Ala Arg Ile Asn Ser Asp Asn Ser Val Thr Leu His Ser Trp Leu
65 70 75 80
gat cgc tac gaa aaa atc ctg gcc agc aga gga atc aag cag aag aca 288
Asp Arg Tyr Glu Lys Ile Leu Ala Ser Arg Gly Ile Lys Gln Lys Thr
85 90 95
ctc ata aat tac atg agc aaa att aaa gca ata agg agg ggt ctg cct 336
Leu Ile Asn Tyr Met Ser Lys Ile Lys Ala Ile Arg Arg Gly Leu Pro
100 105 110
gat gct cca ctt gaa gac atc acc aca aaa gaa att gcg gca atg ctc 384
Asp Ala Pro Leu Glu Asp Ile Thr Thr Lys Glu Ile Ala Ala Met Leu
115 120 125
aat gga tac ata gac gag ggc aag gcg gcg tca gcc aag tta atc aga 432
Asn Gly Tyr Ile Asp Glu Gly Lys Ala Ala Ser Ala Lys Leu Ile Arg
130 135 140
tca aca ctg agc gat gca ttc cga gag gca ata gct gaa ggc cat ata 480
Ser Thr Leu Ser Asp Ala Phe Arg Glu Ala Ile Ala Glu Gly His Ile
145 150 155 160
aca aca aac cat gtc gct gcc act cgc gca gca aaa tca gag gta agg 528
Thr Thr Asn His Val Ala Ala Thr Arg Ala Ala Lys Ser Glu Val Arg
165 170 175
aga tca aga ctt acg gct gac gaa tac ctg aaa att tat caa gca gca 576
Arg Ser Arg Leu Thr Ala Asp Glu Tyr Leu Lys Ile Tyr Gln Ala Ala
180 185 190
gaa tca tca cca tgt tgg ctc aga ctt gca atg gaa ctg gct gtt gtt 624
Glu Ser Ser Pro Cys Trp Leu Arg Leu Ala Met Glu Leu Ala Val Val
195 200 205
acc ggg caa cga gtt ggt gat tta tgc gaa atg aag tgg tct gat atc 672
Thr Gly Gln Arg Val Gly Asp Leu Cys Glu Met Lys Trp Ser Asp Ile
210 215 220
gta gat gga tat ctt tat gtc gag caa agc aaa aca ggc gta aaa att 720
Val Asp Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Val Glu Gln Ser Lys Thr Gly Val Lys Ile
225 230 235 240
gcc atc cca aca gca ttg cat att gat gct ctc gga ata tca atg aag 768
Ala Ile Pro Thr Ala Leu His Ile Asp Ala Leu Gly Ile Ser Met Lys
245 250 255
gaa aca ctt gat aaa tgc aaa gag att ctt ggc gga gaa acc ata att 816
Glu Thr Leu Asp Lys Cys Lys Glu Ile Leu Gly Gly Glu Thr Ile Ile
260 265 270
gca tct act cgt cgc gaa ccg ctt tca tcc ggc aca gta tca agg tat 864
Ala Ser Thr Arg Arg Glu Pro Leu Ser Ser Gly Thr Val Ser Arg Tyr
275 280 285
ttt atg cgc gca cga aaa gca tca ggt ctt tcc ttc gaa ggg gat ccg 912
Phe Met Arg Ala Arg Lys Ala Ser Gly Leu Ser Phe Glu Gly Asp Pro
290 295 300
cct acc ttt cac gag ttg cgc agt ttg tct gca aga ctc tat gag aag 960
Pro Thr Phe His Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Ser Ala Arg Leu Tyr Glu Lys
305 310 315 320
cag ata agc gat aag ttt gct caa cat ctt ctc ggg cat aag tcg gac 1008
Gln Ile Ser Asp Lys Phe Ala Gln His Leu Leu Gly His Lys Ser Asp
325 330 335
acc atg gca tca cag tat cgt gat gac aga ggc agg gag tgg gac aaa 1056
Thr Met Ala Ser Gln Tyr Arg Asp Asp Arg Gly Arg Glu Trp Asp Lys
340 345 350
att gaa atc aaa taa 1071
Ile Glu Ile Lys
355
<210>14
<211>356
<212>PRT
<213>λ噬菌体(lambda phage)
<400>14
Met Gly Arg Arg Arg Ser His Glu Arg Arg Asp Leu Pro Pro Asn Leu
1 5 10 15
Tyr Ile Arg Asn Asn Gly Tyr Tyr Cys Tyr Arg Asp Pro Arg Thr Gly
20 25 30
Lys Glu Phe Gly Leu Gly Arg Asp Arg Arg Ile Ala Ile Thr Glu Ala
35 40 45
Ile Gln Ala Asn Ile Glu Leu Phe Ser Gly His Lys His Lys Pro Leu
50 55 60
Thr Ala Arg Ile Asn Ser Asp Asn Ser Val Thr Leu His Ser Trp Leu
65 70 75 80
Asp Arg Tyr Glu Lys Ile Leu Ala Ser Arg Gly Ile Lys Gln Lys Thr
85 90 95
Leu Ile Asn Tyr Met Ser Lys Ile Lys Ala Ile Arg Arg Gly Leu Pro
100 105 110
Asp Ala Pro Leu Glu Asp Ile Thr Thr Lys Glu Ile Ala Ala Met Leu
115 120 125
Asn Gly Tyr Ile Asp Glu Gly Lys Ala Ala Ser Ala Lys Leu Ile Arg
130 135 140
Ser Thr Leu Ser Asp Ala Phe Arg Glu Ala Ile Ala Glu Gly His Ile
145 150 155 160
Thr Thr Asn His Val Ala Ala Thr Arg Ala Ala Lys Ser Glu Val Arg
165 170 175
Arg Ser Arg Leu Thr Ala Asp Glu Tyr Leu Lys Ile Tyr Gln Ala Ala
180 185 190
Glu Ser Ser Pro Cys Trp Leu Arg Leu Ala Met Glu Leu Ala Val Val
195 200 205
Thr Gly Gln Arg Val Gly Asp Leu Cys Glu Met Lys Trp Ser Asp Ile
210 215 220
Val Asp Gly Tyr Leu Tyr Val Glu Gln Ser Lys Thr Gly Val Lys Ile
225 230 235 240
Ala Ile Pro Thr Ala Leu His Ile Asp Ala Leu Gly Ile Ser Met Lys
245 250 255
Glu Thr Leu Asp Lys Cys Lys Glu Ile Leu Gly Gly Glu Thr Ile Ile
260 265 270
Ala Ser Thr Arg Arg Glu Pro Leu Ser Ser Gly Thr Val Ser Arg Tyr
275 280 285
Phe Met Arg Ala Arg Lys Ala Ser Gly Leu Ser Phe Glu Gly Asp Pro
290 295 300
Pro Thr Phe His Glu Leu Arg Ser Leu Ser Ala Arg Leu Tyr Glu Lys
305 310 315 320
Gln Ile Ser Asp Lys Phe Ala Gln His Leu Leu Gly His Lys Ser Asp
325 330 335
Thr Met Ala Ser Gln Tyr Arg Asp Asp Arg Gly Arg Glu Trp Asp Lys
340 345 350
Ile Glu Ile Lys
355
<210>15
<211>219
<212>DNA
<213>λ噬菌体(lambda phage)
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(1)..(219)
<400>15
atg tac ttg aca ctt cag gag tgg aac gca cgc cag cga cgt cca aga 48
Met Tyr Leu Thr Leu Gln Glu Trp Asn Ala Arg Gln Arg Arg Pro Arg
1 5 10 15
agc ctt gaa aca gtt cgt cga tgg gtt cgg gaa tgc agg ata ttc cca 96
Ser Leu Glu Thr Val Arg Arg Trp Val Arg Glu Cys Arg Ile Phe Pro
20 25 30
cct ccg gtt aag gat gga aga gag tat ctg ttc cac gaa tca gcg gta 144
Pro Pro Val Lys Asp Gly Arg Glu Tyr Leu Phe His Glu Ser Ala Val
35 40 45
aag gtt gac tta aat cga cca gta aca ggt ggc ctt ttg aag agg atc 192
Lys Val Asp Leu Asn Arg Pro Val Thr Gly Gly Leu Leu Lys Arg Ile
50 55 60
aga aat ggg aag aag gcg aag tca tga 219
Arg Asn Gly Lys Lys Ala Lys Ser
65 70
<210>16
<211>72
<212>PRT
<213>λ噬菌体(lambda phage)
<400>16
Met Tyr Leu Thr Leu Gln Glu Trp Asn Ala Arg Gln Arg Arg Pro Arg
1 5 10 15
Ser Leu Glu Thr Val Arg Arg Trp Val Arg Glu Cys Arg Ile Phe Pro
20 25 30
Pro Pro Val Lys Asp Gly Arg Glu Tyr Leu Phe His Glu Ser Ala Val
35 40 45
Lys Val Asp Leu Asn Arg Pro Val Thr Gly Gly Leu Leu Lys Arg Ile
50 55 60
Arg Asn Gly Lys Lys Ala Lys Ser
65 70
<210>17
<211>40
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P1
<400>17
ctagtaagat cttgaagcct gcttttttat actaagttgg 40
<210>18
<211>41
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P2
<400>18
atgatcgaat tcgaaatcaa ataatgattt tattttgact g 41
<210>19
<211>41
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P3
<400>19
atgccactgc agtctgttac aggtcactaa taccatctaa g 41
<210>20
<211>46
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P4
<400>20
accgttaagc tttctagacg ctcaagttag tataaaaaag ctgaac 46
<210>21
<211>38
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P5
<400>21
ttcttagacg tcaggtggca cttttcgggg aaatgtgc 38
<210>22
<211>37
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P6
<400>22
taacagagat ctcgcgcaga aaaaaaggat ctcaaga 37
<210>23
<211>46
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P7
<400>23
aacagagatc taagcttaga tcctttgcct ggcggcagta gcgcgg 46
<210>24
<211>35
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P8
<400>24
ataaactgca gcaaaaagag tttgtagaaa cgcaa 35
<210>25
<211>36
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P9
<400>25
agtaattcta gaaagcttaa cacagaaaaa agcccg 36
<210>26
<211>43
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P10
<400>26
ctagtaggat ccctgcagtg gtcgaaaaaa aaagcccgca ctg 43
<210>27
<211>37
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P11
<400>27
atcgaggtac cagatctccg gataagtaga cagcctg 37
<210>28
<211>32
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P12
<400>28
gaaggtctag agcgcccggt tgacgctgct ag 32
<210>29
<211>1388
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>克隆的DNA片段EcoRI-PstI,包括四环素抗性基因的(pBR322的小EcoRI-Van91I片段)和转录终止子ter_thrL
<400>29
gaattctcat gtttgacagc ttatcatcga taagctttaa tgcggtagtt tatcacagtt 60
aaattgctaa cgcagtcagg caccgtgtat gaaatctaac aatgcgctca tcgtcatcct 120
cggcaccgtc accctggatg ctgtaggcat aggcttggtt atgccggtac tgccgggcct 180
cttgcgggat atcgtccatt ccgacagcat cgccagtcac tatggcgtgc tgctagcgct 240
atatgcgttg atgcaatttc tatgcgcacc cgttctcgga gcactgtccg accgctttgg 300
ccgccgccca gtcctgctcg cttcgctact tggagccact atcgactacg cgatcatggc 360
gaccacaccc gtcctgtgga tcctctacgc cggacgcatc gtggccggca tcaccggcgc 420
cacaggtgcg gttgctggcg cctatatcgc cgacatcacc gatggggaag atcgggctcg 480
ccacttcggg ctcatgagcg cttgtttcgg cgtgggtatg gtggcaggcc ccgtggccgg 540
gggactgttg ggcgccatct ccttgcatgc accattcctt gcggcggcgg tgctcaacgg 600
cctcaaccta ctactgggct gcttcctaat gcaggagtcg cataagggag agcgtcgacc 660
gatgcccttg agagccttca acccagtcag ctccttccgg tgggcgcggg gcatgactat 720
cgtcgccgca cttatgactg tcttctttat catgcaactc gtaggacagg tgccggcagc 780
gctctgggtc attttcggcg aggaccgctt tcgctggagc gcgacgatga tcggcctgtc 840
gcttgcggta ttcggaatct tgcacgccct cgctcaagcc ttcgtcactg gtcccgccac 900
caaacgtttc ggcgagaagc aggccattat cgccggcatg gcggccgacg cgctgggcta 960
cgtcttgctg gcgttcgcga cgcgaggctg gatggccttc cccattatga ttcttctcgc 1020
ttccggcggc atcgggatgc ccgcgttgca ggccatgctg tccaggcagg tagatgacga 1080
ccatcaggga cagcttcaag gatcgctcgc ggctcttacc agcctaactt cgatcactgg 1140
accgctgatc gtcacggcga tttatgccgc ctcggcgagc acatggaacg ggttggcatg 1200
gattgtaggc gccgccctat accttgtctg cctccccgcg ttgcgtcgcg gtgcatggag 1260
ccgggccacc tcgacctgaa tggaagccgg cggcacctcg ctaacggatt caccactcca 1320
actagaaagc ttaacacaga aaaaagcccg cacctgacag tgcgggcttt ttttttcgac 1380
cactgcag 1388
<210>30
<211>1162
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>克隆的DNA片段,含有包括启动子PA2(噬菌体T7的早期启动子)、氯霉素抗性cat基因(CmR)、转录终止子ter_thrL和attR的人工DNA片段
<400>30
agatctccgg ataagtagac agcctgataa gtcgcacgaa aaacaggtat tgacaacatg 60
aagtaacatg cagtaagata caaatcgcta ggtaacacta gcagcgtcaa ccgggcgctc 120
tagctagagc caagctagct tggccggatc cgagattttc aggagctaag gaagctaaaa 180
tggagaaaaa aatcactgga tataccaccg ttgatatatc ccaatggcat cgtaaagaac 240
attttgaggc atttcagtca gttgctcaat gtacctataa ccagaccgtt cagctggata 300
ttacggcctt tttaaagacc gtaaagaaaa ataagcacaa gttttatccg gcctttattc 360
acattcttgc ccgcctgatg aatgctcatc cggaattccg tatggcaatg aaagacggtg 420
agctggtgat atgggatagt gttcaccctt gttacaccgt tttccatgag caaactgaaa 480
cgttttcatc gctctggagt gaataccacg acgatttccg gcagtttcta cacatatatt 540
cgcaagatgt ggcgtgttac ggtgaaaacc tggcctattt ccctaaaggg tttattgaga 600
atatgttttt cgtctcagcc aatccctggg tgagtttcac cagttttgat ttaaacgtgg 660
ccaatatgga caacttcttc gcccccgttt tcaccatggg caaatattat acgcaaggcg 720
acaaggtgct gatgccgctg gcgattcagg ttcatcatgc cgtctgtgat ggcttccatg 780
tcggcagaat gcttaatgaa ttacaacagt actgcgatga gtggcagggc ggggcgtaat 840
ttttttaagg cagttattgg tgcccttaaa cgcctggtgc tacgcctgaa taagtgataa 900
taagcggatg aatggcagaa attcgtcgaa gcttaacaca gaaaaaagcc cgcacctgac 960
agtgcgggct ttttttttcg accactgcag tctgttacag gtcactaata ccatctaagt 1020
agttgattca tagtgactgc atatgttgtg ttttacagta ttatgtagtc tgttttttat 1080
gcaaaatcta atttaatata ttgatattta tatcatttta cgtttctcgt tcagcttttt 1140
tatactaact tgagcgtcta ga 1162
<210>31
<211>27
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P1’
<400>31
ctaatatcga tgaagattct tgctcaa 27
<210>32
<211>34
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P2’
<400>32
gcgttgaatt ccatacaacc tccttagtac atgc 34
<210>33
<211>34
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P3’
<400>33
gtactagaat tcgtgtaatt gcggagactt tgcg 34
<210>34
<211>41
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P4’
<400>34
aatagcctgc agttatttga tttcaatttt gtcccactcc c 41
<210>35
<211>38
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P5’
<400>35
ttcttagacg tcaggtggca cttttcgggg aaatgtgc 38
<210>36
<211>37
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P6’
<400>36
taacagagat ctagcgcaga aaaaaaggat ctcaaga 37
<210>37
<211>35
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P7’
<400>37
ataaactgca gcaaaaagag tttgtagaaa cgcaa 35
<210>38
<211>34
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>寡核苷酸P8’
<400>38
aacagaagct ttttgcctgg cggcagtagc gcgg 34
<210>39
<211>879
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>克隆的DNA片段,含cI抑制子基因和启动子区
<400>39
tcgatgaaga ttcttgctca attgttatca gctatgcgcc gaccagaaca ccttgccgat 60
cagccaaacg tctcttcagg ccactgacta gcgataactt tccccacaac ggaacaactc 120
tcattgcatg ggatcattgg gtactgtggg tttagtggtt gtaaaaacac ctgaccgcta 180
tccctgatca gtttcttgaa ggtaaactca tcacccccaa gtctggctat gcagaaatca 240
cctggctcaa cagcctgctc agggtcaacg agaattaaca ttccgtcagg aaagcttggc 300
ttggagcctg ttggtgcggt catggaatta ccttcaacct caagccagaa tgcagaatca 360
ctggcttttt tggttgtgct tacccatctc tccgcatcac ctttggtaaa ggttctaagc 420
tcaggtgaga acatccctgc ctgaacatga gaaaaaacag ggtactcata ctcacttcta 480
agtgacggct gcatactaac cgcttcatac atctcgtaga tttctctggc gattgaaggg 540
ctaaattctt caacgctaac tttgagaatt tttgcaagca atgcggcgtt ataagcattt 600
aatgcattga tgccattaaa taaagcacca acgcctgact gccccatccc catcttgtct 660
gcgacagatt cctgggataa gccaagttca tttttctttt tttcataaat tgctttaagg 720
cgacgtgcgt cctcaagctg ctcttgtgtt aatggtttct tttttgtgct catacgttaa 780
atctatcacc gcaagggata aatatctaac accgtgcgtg ttgactattt tacctctggc 840
ggtgataatg gttgcatgta ctaaggaggt tgtatggaa 879
<210>40
<211>1290
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>克隆的DNA片段,含int-xis基因
<400>40
attatttgat ttcaattttg tcccactccc tgcctctgtc atcacgatac tgtgatgcca 60
tggtgtccga cttatgcccg agaagatgtt gagcaaactt atcgcttatc tgcttctcat 120
agagtcttgc agacaaactg cgcaactcgt gaaaggtagg cggatcccct tcgaaggaaa 180
gacctgatgc ttttcgtgcg cgcataaaat accttgatac tgtgccggat gaaagcggtt 240
cgcgacgagt agatgcaatt atggtttctc cgccaagaat ctctttgcat ttatcaagtg 300
tttccttcat tgatattccg agagcatcaa tatgcaatgc tgttgggatg gcaattttta 360
cgcctgtttt gctttgctcg acataaagat atccatctac gatatcagac cacttcattt 420
cgcataaatc accaactcgt tgcccggtaa caacagccag ttccattgca agtctgagcc 480
aacatggtga tgattctgct gcttgataaa ttttcaggta ttcgtcagcc gtaagtcttg 540
atctccttac ctctgatttt gctgcgcgag tggcagcgac atggtttgtt gttatatggc 600
cttcagctat tgcctctcgg aatgcatcgc tcagtgttga tctgattaac ttggctgacg 660
ccgccttgcc ctcgtctatg tatccattga gcattgccgc aatttctttt gtggtgatgt 720
cttcaagtgg agcatcaggc agacccctcc ttattgcttt aattttgctc atgtaattta 780
tgagtgtctt ctgcttgatt cctctgctgg ccaggatttt ttcgtagcga tcaagccatg 840
aatgtaacgt aacggaatta tcactgttga ttctcgctgt cagaggcttg tgtttgtgtc 900
ctgaaaataa ctcaatgttg gcctgtatag cttcagtgat tgcgattcgc ctgtctctgc 960
ctaatccaaa ctctttaccc gtccttgggt ccctgtagca gtaatatcca ttgtttctta 1020
tataaaggtt agggggtaaa tcccggcgct catgacttcg ccttcttccc atttctgatc 1080
ctcttcaaaa ggccacctgt tactggtcga tttaagtcaa cctttaccgc tgattcgtgg 1140
aacagatact ctcttccatc cttaaccgga ggtgggaata tcctgcattc ccgaacccat 1200
cgacgaactg tttcaaggct tcttggacgt cgctggcgtg cgttccactc ctgaagtgtc 1260
aagtacatcg caaagtctcc gcaattacac 1290
<210>41
<211>351
<212>DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>ter_rrnB片段(互补)
<400>41
caaaaagagt ttgtagaaac gcaaaaaggc catccgtcag gatggccttc tgcttaattt 60
gatgcctggc agtttatggc gggcgtcctg cccgccaccc tccgggccgt tgcttcgcaa 120
cgttcaaatc cgctcccggc ggatttgtcc tactcaggag agcgttcacc gacaaacaac 180
agataaaacg aaaggcccag tctttcgact gagcctttcg ttttatttga tgcctggcag 240
ttccctactc tcgcatgggg agaccccaca ctaccatcgg cgctacggcg tttcacttct 300
gagttcggca tggggtcagg tgggaccacc gcgctactgc cgccaggcaa a 351
Claims (10)
1.一种具有产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸能力的埃希氏菌(Escherichiabacterium),并且其中所述细菌经修饰使苹果酸酶在细胞内不能正常发挥功能。
2.权利要求1的细菌,其中位于细菌染色体上编码所述苹果酸酶的基因经突变和/或其表达控制序列经突变使所述苹果酸酶在细胞内不能正常发挥功能。
3.权利要求1的细菌,其中所述位于细菌染色体上编码所述苹果酸酶的基因经破坏使所述苹果酸酶不能正常发挥功能。
4.权利要求1的细菌,其中编码所述苹果酸酶的基因包含sfcA。
5.权利要求1的细菌,其中编码所述苹果酸酶的基因包含b2463。
6.权利要求1的细菌,其中所述苹果酸酶选自:
(A)一种蛋白,其具有SEQ ID NO:6中所示氨基酸序列;
(B)一种蛋白,其具有在SEQ ID NO:6中所示氨基酸序列中含有一个或数个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、插入或添加的氨基酸序列,并具有苹果酸酶活性。
7.权利要求1的细菌,其中所述苹果酸酶选自:
(C)一种蛋白,其具有SEQ ID NO:8中所示氨基酸序列;
(D)一种蛋白,其具有在SEQ ID NO:8中所示氨基酸序列中含有一个或数个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失、插入或添加的氨基酸序列,并具有苹果酸酶活性。
8.权利要求1的细菌,其中编码所述苹果酸酶的基因为选自以下的DNA:
(a)一种DNA,其具有SEQ ID NO:5中所示核苷酸序列;
(b)一种DNA,其与SEQ ID NO:5中所示核苷酸序列杂交或与可由该核苷酸序列制备的探针杂交,其中所述杂交在严格条件下发生,并且其中所述DNA编码具有苹果酸酶活性的蛋白。
9.权利要求1的细菌,其中编码所述苹果酸酶的基因为选自以下的DNA:
(c)一种DNA,其具有SEQ ID NO:7中所示核苷酸序列;
(d)一种DNA,其与SEQ ID NO:7中所示核苷酸序列杂交或与可由该核苷酸序列制备的探针杂交,其中所述杂交在严格条件下发生,并且所述DNA编码具有苹果酸酶活性的蛋白。
10.一种生产L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸的方法,所述方法包括在培养基中培养权利要求1-9中任一项所定义的细菌来产生和分泌所述L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸,并从所述培养基中收集L-赖氨酸或L-苏氨酸。
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CN104878034B (zh) * | 2015-04-17 | 2018-04-27 | 上海工业生物技术研发中心 | L-赖氨酸基因工程生产菌 |
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