Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/80—Constructional details
  • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
  • H10K50/844—Encapsulations
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
  • C23C16/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
  • C23C16/0272—Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
  • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
  • C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
  • C23C16/45523—Pulsed gas flow or change of composition over time
  • C23C16/45525—Atomic layer deposition [ALD]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
  • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
  • C23C16/50—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating using electric discharges
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
  • C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
  • C23C16/54—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10F77/30—Coatings
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
  • H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
  • H10H20/80—Constructional details
  • H10H20/85—Packages
  • H10H20/857—Interconnections, e.g. lead-frames, bond wires or solder balls
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/30—Organic light-emitting transistors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
  • H10K50/80—Constructional details
  • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
  • H10K50/844—Encapsulations
  • H10K50/8445—Encapsulations multilayered coatings having a repetitive structure, e.g. having multiple organic-inorganic bilayers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
  • H10K59/80—Constructional details
  • H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
  • H10K59/873—Encapsulations
  • H10K59/8731—Encapsulations multilayered coatings having a repetitive structure, e.g. having multiple organic-inorganic bilayers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
  • H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
  • H10P14/63—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the formation processes
  • H10P14/6326—Deposition processes
  • H10P14/6328—Deposition from the gas or vapour phase
  • H10P14/6334—Deposition from the gas or vapour phase using decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition
  • H10P14/6336—Deposition from the gas or vapour phase using decomposition or reaction of gaseous or vapour phase compounds, i.e. chemical vapour deposition in the presence of a plasma [PECVD]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
  • H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
  • H10P14/63—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the formation processes
  • H10P14/6326—Deposition processes
  • H10P14/6342—Liquid deposition, e.g. spin-coating, sol-gel techniques or spray coating
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10W42/00—Arrangements for protection of devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10W74/00—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
  • H10W74/01—Manufacture or treatment
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10W74/00—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
  • H10W74/10—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10W74/00—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
  • H10W74/10—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition
  • H10W74/111—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition the semiconductor body being completely enclosed
  • H10W74/121—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their shape or disposition the semiconductor body being completely enclosed by multiple encapsulations, e.g. by a thin protective coating and a thick encapsulation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10W74/00—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings
  • H10W74/40—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their materials
  • H10W74/47—Encapsulations, e.g. protective coatings characterised by their materials comprising organic materials, e.g. plastics or resins
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
  • H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
  • H10H20/80—Constructional details
  • H10H20/85—Packages
  • H10H20/8506—Containers
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
  • H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
  • H10H20/80—Constructional details
  • H10H20/85—Packages
  • H10H20/852—Encapsulations
  • H10H20/853—Encapsulations characterised by their shape
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

• a method for producing an electronic component and an electronic component are specified.
• LEDs inorganic light emitting diodes
• OLEDs organic light emitting diodes
• An object of at least one embodiment is therefore to specify a method for producing an electronic component with an encapsulation. Furthermore, it is an object of at least one embodiment to specify an electronic component with an encapsulation.
• PEALD plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition
• PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
• first layer or a first element is arranged or applied "on” or “above” a second layer or a second element or also "between” two further layers or elements may here and in the following mean that the first layer or the first element is arranged directly in direct mechanical and / or electrical contact with the second layer or the second element or with the two further layers or elements Furthermore, an indirect contact may also be designated in which further layers and / or elements are arranged between the first layer or the first element and the second layer or the second element or the two further layers or elements are arranged.
• a chemical vapor deposition may refer to a process in at least two gaseous starting compounds react on at least one surface of the provided substrate with the at least one functional layer to form a solid reaction product.
• the at least two gaseous starting compounds can be supplied simultaneously to a volume in which the substrate is provided.
• Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition may refer to a CVD process in which a plasma is generated in the volume, whereby the volume of at least two gaseous starting compounds introduced into the volume can be excited in the plasma
• the temperature to which the at least one surface has to be heated can be reduced compared to a plasma-less CVD process, which may be particularly advantageous since the at least one functional layer is irreversibly damaged at a temperature above a maximum temperature
• the maximum temperature may be, for example, about 12O 0 C, so that the temperature at which the second barrier layer is applied may be less than 120 0 C and preferably less than or equal to 80 0 C.
• An atomic layer deposition may refer to a process in which, compared to a CVD process, first a first of the at least two gaseous starting compounds is supplied to the volume in which the substrate is provided and on the at least one Surface can adsorb preferred complete or almost complete coverage of the at least one surface with the first parent compound may be the part of the first
• Starting compound which is still present in gaseous and / or not adsorbed on the surface are removed again from the volume and the second of the at least two starting compound can be supplied.
• the second starting compound may react with the first starting compound adsorbed on the at least one surface to form a solid layer.
• Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition may refer to an ALD process in which the second source compound is added while generating a plasma which, as in PECVD processes, may allow the second parent compound to be excited is. This allows the temperature to which the at least one surface is heated as compared to a plasma-free ALD process can be reduced.
• the first barrier layer may, for example, at a temperature of less than 12O 0 C and preferably less than or equal to 80 0 C.
• the steps of feeding the first parent compound and then feeding the second parent compound may be repeated.
• the encapsulation that can be produced in the context of the method described here can have a lower permeability to .beta.
• barrier layers which are all produced by CVD methods Have moisture and / or oxygen.
• encapsulations with barrier layers all made by CVD processes, it is possible that channels, pores, and / or grain boundaries may occur, which can lead to leaks in conventional encapsulations.
• Such leaks can be promoted in particular by the fact that in electronic components the maximum temperature at which barrier layers can be applied, as mentioned above, may not exceed about 120 ° C. and preferably about 80 ° C.
• conventional encapsulations with CVD-applied barrier layers require very complex and thus cost-intensive multilayer systems which can prevent an economical production of electronic components with an encapsulation.
• the first barrier layer can be made at a higher density compared to a barrier layer deposited by a CVD or PECVD method, and the formation and / or continuation of channels and / or Pores can be reduced or prevented.
• a higher density with respect to moisture and / or oxygen can be achieved.
• the encapsulation described here with the first and second barrier layers can also have a high impermeability in edge regions of the encapsulation, so that diffusion of moisture and / or oxygen through interfaces between the encapsulation and the provided substrate with the at least one functional layer is reduced or prevented can be.
• the encapsulation described here with the first and second barrier layers enables a more cost-effective production and a smaller thickness of the encapsulation. Furthermore, it may be possible with the method described here to produce an electronic component with a transparent encapsulation, which is not possible in the case of encapsulation using cover glass and getter material.
• the method steps of applying the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer can be carried out immediately after one another in the same volume, for example in a conventional coating system.
• the first barrier layer can be applied by means of the PEALD method, for example with a thickness of greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 30 nm. This may mean that by means of the PEALD method, the first barrier layer with greater than or equal to 10 monolayers and less than or equal to 50 monolayers can be produced. Due to the high density and quality of the first barrier layer, such a thickness may be sufficient to ensure effective protection against moisture and / or oxygen for the underlying at least one functional layer. Although the PEALD method may have a lower growth rate compared to the PECVD method, a short process time and hence high economy of the method described here can be ensured due to the small thickness of the first barrier layer.
• the requirements for the second barrier layer can be set lower in terms of tightness than in a conventional encapsulation with barrier layers, all of which are applied by CVD methods.
• the second barrier layer can be applied at a higher growth rate than the first barrier layer and, after application, have a thickness of greater than or equal to ln and less than or equal to 1000 nm.
• the first barrier layer can be applied with a thickness of greater than or equal to 10 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 20 nm and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 100 nm.
• the method may comprise a further method step, in which a protective layer is applied to the first and second barrier layer.
• the protective layer can be applied directly to the first or second barrier layer and thus be in direct contact with the first or the second barrier layer after application.
• the protective layer may allow mechanical protection of the underlying first and second barrier layers.
• the protective layer may be applied with a thickness of greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m.
• the protective layer can be applied with a thickness of greater than or equal to 5 ⁇ m and preferably with a thickness of greater than or equal to 10 ⁇ m.
• the protective layer may comprise, for example, plastics such as siloxanes, epoxides, acrylates such as, for example, methyl methacrylates, imides, carbonates, olefins, styrenes, urethanes or derivatives thereof in the form of monomers, oligomers or polymers and furthermore mixtures, copolymers or compounds therewith.
• the protective layer may comprise or be an epoxy resin, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polyurethane or a silicone resin such as polysiloxane or mixtures thereof.
• PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
• the protective layer can be transparent, for example.
• the protective layer may further comprise a spray paint or be formed as a spray paint comprising at least one of the aforementioned materials and which can be applied for example by means of a continuous spray coating plant.
• the spray paint may further be a UV-curable and / or a binder or solvent-containing spray paint.
• the electronic component that can be produced by the method described here can be embodied as a radiation-emitting and / or radiation-receiving component and thereby as an organic or inorganic electronic component, for example as inorganic light-emitting diode (LED), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), inorganic photodiode (PD), organic photodiode (OPD), inorganic solar cell (SC), organic solar cell (OSC), inorganic transistor, in particular inorganic thin film transistor (TFT), organic transistor, in particular organic thin film transistor (OTFT), or as an integrated circuit (IC).
• LED inorganic light-emitting diode
• OLED organic photodiode
• SC organic solar cell
• OSC organic solar cell
• inorganic transistor in particular inorganic thin film transistor (TFT), organic transistor, in particular organic thin film transistor (OTFT), or as an integrated circuit (IC).
• the electronic component that can be produced by the method described here can have a plurality or combination of the named
• the electronic component can furthermore, after production, have a functional layer sequence with at least one first and one second electrode, between which the at least one functional layer comprising one or more inorganic and / or organic functional layers is arranged.
• the functional layer sequence can be arranged on a substrate.
• the functional layer sequence can have an active region which is suitable for generating or detecting electromagnetic radiation during operation of the electronic component ,
• the electronic component is produced as an organic electronic component comprising an organic radiation-emitting component with a radiation-emitting layer sequence.
• the radiation-emitting layer sequence may comprise the functional layer formed as an organic functional layer.
• the electronic component may comprise an organic, radiation-emitting diode (OLED) or be designed as such.
• OLED organic, radiation-emitting diode
• the electronic component can have an active region which is suitable for emitting electromagnetic radiation during operation of the electronic component by recombination of electrons and holes.
• An organic radiation-emitting layer sequence or an OLED can, for example, have a first electrode on the substrate.
• the at least one organic functional layer or a plurality of functional layers of organic materials may be applied over the first electrode.
• the at least one organic functional layer or the plurality of functional layers may comprise, for example, electron transport layers, electroluminescent layers and / or hole transport layers, or may be embodied as such.
• a second electrode may be applied over the organic functional layer or the plurality of organic functional layers.
• the substrate may comprise glass, quartz, plastic films, metal, metal foils, silicon wafers or any other suitable substrate material.
• the OLED is designed as a so-called “bottom emitter", that is to say that the radiation generated in the active region is emitted by the substrate, then the substrate may have a transparency for at least a part of the first radiation.
• the first electrode may also have transparency for at least a portion of the primary radiation.
• a transparent first electrode which may be embodied as an anode and thus serves as a hole-injecting material, may for example comprise or consist of a transparent conductive oxide consist of transparent conductive oxide.
• Transparent conductive oxides are transparent, conductive materials, usually metal oxides, such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO)
• metal oxides such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO)
• binary metal oxygen compounds such as ZnO, SnO 2 or In 2 O 3
• ternary metal oxygen compounds such as Zn 2 SnO 4 , CdSnO 3 , ZnSnO 3 , MgIn 2 O 4 , GaInO 3 , Zn 2 In 2 O 5 or In 4 Sn 3 Oi 2 or mixtures of different transparent conductive oxides
• the TCOs do not necessarily correspond to a stoichiometric composition and may also be p- or n-doped.
• the organic functional layer or the plurality of functional layers may comprise organic polymers, organic oligomers, organic monomers, organic small, non-polymeric molecules ("small molecules") or combinations thereof
• the organic radiation-emitting layer sequence may be a functional one
• tertiary amines, carbazole derivatives, conductive polyaniline or polyethylenedioxythiophene may be advantageous as materials for a hole transporting layer, and it may also be advantageous to use them as hole transporting layer in order to enable effective hole injection into an electroluminescent layer or an electroluminescent region
• a functional layer is embodied as an electroluminescent layer
• Suitable materials for this are materials which have a radiation emission due to fluorescence or phosphorescence en, for example polyfluorene, polythiophene or polyphenylene or derivatives, Compounds, mixtures or copolymers thereof.
• the generated first radiation may have individual wavelengths or regions or combinations thereof from the ultraviolet to red spect
• the second electrode may be designed as a cathode and thus serve as an electron-injecting material.
• aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium or lithium, as well as compounds, combinations and alloys thereof, may be advantageous as the cathode material.
• the second electrode may also have one of the above-mentioned TCOs.
• the second electrode may also be transparent and / or the first electrode may be designed as a cathode and the second electrode as an anode. This means in particular that the OLED can also be designed as a "top emitter".
• the first and / or the second electrode can each be formed over a large area.
• Large area may mean that the electronic component has an area of greater than or equal to a few square millimeters, preferably greater than or equal to one square centimeter, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to one square decimeter
• structured radiation of the electromagnetic radiation generated in the active region can be made possible, for example in the form of pixels or pictograms.
• the electronic component may be formed such that the substrate with the at least one functional layer formed as an organic functional layer comprises or is designed as a photodetector and / or a transistor.
• the electronic component can be produced as an organic electronic component comprising an organic solar cell or photodiode.
• the electronic component can have a functional layer formed as the organic functional layer, having the features of the 'in connection with the OLED said functional layer.
• the electronic component comprising a solar cell or photodiode can comprise electrodes with features of the electrodes described above in connection with the OLED.
• the electronic component may be formed as an inorganic electronic component comprising, for example, an LED, PD, SC and / or a TFT.
• the at least one functional layer can have an epitaxial layer sequence, that is to say an epitaxially grown semiconductor layer sequence, or be embodied as such.
• the semiconductor layer sequence can be, for example, a IIi-V compound semiconductor based on InGaAlN, InGaAlP and / or AlGAs and / or a II-VI compound semiconductor with one or more of the elements Be, Mg, Ca and Sr and one or more of the elements O, S and Se have.
• the H-VI compound semiconductor materials include ZnO, ZnMgO, CdS, ZnCdS and MgBeO.
• the inorganic electronic component may have electrodes with features of the electrodes described above in connection with the OLED.
• the first barrier layer may be applied to the at least one functional layer before the second barrier layer.
• a high-density, uniformly covering the functional layer can be provided by the first barrier layer, on which the second barrier layer is then applied. Due to the excellent surface properties of the first barrier layer, the tendency of the second barrier layer to form diffusion channels, grain boundaries and / or pores can be reduced.
• the first barrier layer can be applied directly on the above-mentioned second electrode or on the radiation-emitting or radiation-receiving layer sequence.
• the first barrier layer can be applied uniformly thick and completely covering on the substrate with the at least one functional layer or the functional layer sequence. As a result, no planarization layer is required between the functional layer or the functional layer sequence and the encapsulation.
• the second barrier layer can be applied before the application of the first barrier layer. This may also be advantageous in particular because, when the second barrier layer is applied, grain boundaries, channels and / or pores can form, which can be sealed by the high-density second barrier layer.
• the first barrier layer and the second barrier layer may each comprise a material which is suitable for protecting the at least one functional layer from damaging influences of the environment, for example against oxygen and / or moisture.
• an oxide, a nitride or an oxynitride can be applied in crystalline or glassy form.
• the oxide, nitride or oxynitride may further comprise aluminum, silicon, tin, zinc, titanium, zirconium, tantalum, niobium or hafnium.
• the first and / or the second barrier layer may have dielectric or also electrically conductive properties and, for example, silicon oxide (SiO x ), such as SiO 2 , silicon nitride (Si x Ny), such as Si 2 N 3 , silicon oxynitride (SiO x Ny).
• Alumina such as Al 2 O 3 , aluminum nitride, tin oxide, indium tin oxide, zinc oxide or aluminum zinc oxide.
• the first barrier layer for example, an organometallic or a half-metal organic compound can be supplied as the first starting compound.
• a second starting compound in which the plasma is generated, an oxygen and / or nitrogen-containing compound can be supplied.
• the first barrier layer comprises, by way of example only, Al 2 O 3 , then trimethylaluminum may be added as the first starting compound and N 2 O as the second starting compound.
• the second barrier layer may further comprise a layer sequence of at least two layers with different materials. That may mean the layer sequence with at least two different layers is applied as the second barrier layer.
• the layer sequence may comprise a layer with an oxide and a layer with a nitride.
• the layer sequence can also have a plurality of first layers comprising a first material, such as a nitride, and / or a plurality of second layers having a second material, such as an oxide, which are applied alternately to one another.
• the layer sequence can be formed, for example, in a sequence NON or NONON or also ONO or ONONO.
• a further first barrier layer and / or a further second barrier layer can be applied.
• a plurality of first barrier layers and / or a plurality of second barrier layers can be applied to the substrate with the at least one organic functional layer.
• the first barrier layers and the second barrier layers may preferably be applied alternately to one another.
• the further first barrier layer or the further second barrier layer may have at least one or more features which are described in connection with the at least one first or the at least one second barrier layer.
• each further first barrier layer can be applied by means of a PEALD method
• each further second barrier layer can be applied by means of a PECVD method.
• an electronic component is produced by means of the method described here.
• the electronic component may have a substrate with at least one functional layer and above it at least one first barrier layer and at least one second barrier layer.
• the at least one first barrier layer and the at least one second barrier layer may each have one or more of the features described above.
• the electronic component can be characterized by a small thickness while high density of the encapsulation, which can be produced with high efficiency.
• FIGS. 1A to 1C show schematic representations of a method according to an exemplary embodiment
• Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an organic electronic device, which can be produced by means of a method according to another embodiment, and
• Figures 3 to 5 are schematic representations of sections of electronic components, which can be produced by means of methods according to further embodiments.
• identical or identically acting components may each be provided with the same reference numerals.
• the illustrated elements and their proportions with each other are basically not to be regarded as true to scale, but individual elements, such as layers, components, components and areas, for better representability and / or better understanding exaggerated thick or large dimensions.
• FIGS. 1A to 1C show a method for producing an organic electronic component according to an exemplary embodiment.
• a substrate 1 with at least one organic functional layer 22 is provided.
• the organic functional layer 22 is part of an organic layer sequence 2 and is embedded between a first electrode 21 and a second electrode 23.
• the substrate 1 with the organic layer sequence 2 is formed as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and may have further functional layers as described above in the general part (Not shown) .
• OLED organic light-emitting diode
• the substrate 1 with the organic layer sequence 2 is embodied in the embodiment shown as a bottom emitter and has a transparent substrate 1 made of glass and a transparent first electrode 21 made of ITO, which is formed as an anode.
• the second electrode 23 is reflective and designed as a cathode and has aluminum.
• a first barrier layer 3 made of Al 2 O 3 is applied to the organic functional layer 22 and in particular to the layer sequence 2 by means of a PEALD method.
• the substrate 1 is heated with the organic layer sequence 2 in a coating system to a temperature of less than 100 0 C and preferably less than 8O 0 C and in a first substep trimethylaluminum as a first
• the trimethylaluminum can adsorb on the surface formed by the layer sequence 2 and the substrate 1.
• a mask layer covering the contact region which can be removed again after the first barrier layer has been applied.
• the N 2 O can with the on the substrate 1 and the Layer sequence adsorbed trimethylaluminum to an AL 2 O 3 layer having a thickness in the range of less than 1 nm up to several nanometers react, but which is preferably designed as a monolayer.
• the first and second substeps of the PEALD process are repeated until a 10 to 30 nm thick first barrier layer 3 is produced.
• a high-density first barrier layer 3 can be produced, which is distinguished by an excellent crystal structure and has no or only few pores and / or channels compared to a layer grown by means of a CVD process. Furthermore, the first barrier layer 3 produced in this way enables a high-density interface between the barrier layer 3 and, for example, the substrate 1 in the edge region of the encapsulation, thereby avoiding possible permeation paths for oxygen and / or moisture along these interfaces.
• a second barrier layer 4 made of SiO 2 is applied to the first barrier layer 3 by means of a PECVD method.
• the second barrier layer 4 is applied at a thickness of about 100 nm to about 1000 nm at the same temperature as the first barrier layer 3. Due to the high-density first barrier layer 3, the second barrier layer 4 can be applied with a comparatively higher growth rate in order to achieve an intrinsically dense encapsulation of the organic layer sequence 2.
• PEALD process and the PECVD process are carried out in the same coating equipment, so that in the production of the encapsulation with the first barrier layer 3 and the second barrier layer 4 no additional dead times by loading and unloading of coating equipment when switching from PEALD process to PECVD Procedures arise.
• the first and / or the second barrier layer 3, 4 may comprise oxide, nitrides and / or oxynitrides with semimetals and / or metals as stated in the general part.
• the second barrier layer 4 can also be applied in front of the first barrier layer 3 on the substrate and the organic layer stack 2 with the organic functional layer 22.
• the second electrode 23 may be made transparent, so that the organic electronic component can be produced as a top emitter or as a transparent OLED.
• the layer sequence 2 may include or be, for example, also an organic transistor and / or an organic photodiode.
• FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of an organic electronic component that is manufactured by means of a method that has a further method step in comparison with the method according to the previous exemplary embodiment.
• a protective layer 5 is further applied.
• the protective layer 5 comprises a spray paint which may, for example, be a solvent-containing paint applied to a thickness of 10 to 100 ⁇ m in a continuous spray-coating process.
• the organic electronic component and in particular the first and second barrier layer 3, 4 can be effectively protected against scratches and other mechanical damage.
• a protective layer 5 for example, a polymer, such as a silicone or epoxy resin may be applied.
• FIG. 3 shows a section of an organic electronic component in which, as in the preceding exemplary embodiments, a high-density first barrier layer 3 made of Al 2 O 3 is applied over the layer sequence 2.
• a second barrier layer 4 is applied by means of a PECVD method, which has three layers 41, 42, 43 with a total thickness of 100 to 100 nm.
• the layers 41 and 43 are as
• the materials of layers 41, 43 and layer 42 may also be be reversed.
• the second barrier layer 4 can also have, for example, a layer sequence with five layers, which are formed alternately as silicon oxide and silicon nitride layers.
• the first barrier layer 3 can also be applied to the second barrier layer 4 with the layers 41, 42, 43.
• FIGS. 4 and 5 show sections of organic electronic components which have a plurality of first barrier layers 3, 3 ', 3' 'or 3, 3', 3 '', 3 '' 'and a plurality of second barrier layers 4, 4 ', 4' ', which are alternately applied to each other by means of PEALD method or PECVD method. Since it can not be ruled out that the second electrode of the layer sequence 2 and / or the second barrier layers 4, 4 ', 4 "have at least partial defects, for example in the form of columnar growth, channels, pores and / or grain boundaries, the first Barrier layers 3, 3 ', 3' 'between the layer sequence 2 and the second barrier layers 4, 4', 4 '' ensure that a continuation of such defects can be effectively interrupted. In particular, channels and / or pores occurring in the second barrier layers 4, 4 ', 4 "may be sealed by the overlying first barrier layers 3', 3 '' or 3 ', 3' ', 3' ''.
• the second barrier layers 4, 4 'and 4 may have multiple layers as shown in connection with the embodiment in FIG.
• the invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these. Rather, the invention encompasses any novel feature as well as any combination of features, including in particular any combination of features in the claims, even if this feature or combination itself is not explicitly stated in the patent claims or exemplary embodiments.

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