WO2004010751A1 - 多層配線板、およびその製造方法、ならびに半導体装置および無線電子装置 - Google Patents
多層配線板、およびその製造方法、ならびに半導体装置および無線電子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004010751A1 WO2004010751A1 PCT/JP2003/006860 JP0306860W WO2004010751A1 WO 2004010751 A1 WO2004010751 A1 WO 2004010751A1 JP 0306860 W JP0306860 W JP 0306860W WO 2004010751 A1 WO2004010751 A1 WO 2004010751A1
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- wiring board
- multilayer wiring
- dielectric constant
- high dielectric
- conductor
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor
- H05K1/162—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor incorporating printed capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0347—Overplating, e.g. for reinforcing conductors or bumps; Plating over filled vias
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
- H05K2201/09209—Shape and layout details of conductors
- H05K2201/095—Conductive through-holes or vias
- H05K2201/09509—Blind vias, i.e. vias having one side closed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/09—Shape and layout
- H05K2201/09209—Shape and layout details of conductors
- H05K2201/095—Conductive through-holes or vias
- H05K2201/0959—Plated through-holes or plated blind vias filled with insulating material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/46—Manufacturing multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4602—Manufacturing multilayer circuits characterized by a special circuit board as base or central core whereon additional circuit layers are built or additional circuit boards are laminated
Definitions
- Patent application title MULTILAYER WIRING BOARD, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND WIRELESS ELECTRONIC DEVICE Technical Field
- the present invention relates to a multilayer wiring board having a capacitor, a method of manufacturing the same, and a semiconductor device having a semiconductor chip mounted on the multilayer wiring board and a wireless electronic device having the semiconductor device mounted thereon.
- a multilayer wiring board using the technology of forming a dielectric layer by combining a high dielectric constant inorganic material and a resin material is economically superior because it does not have a high temperature sintering process or sputtering process.
- a number of composite materials of resin with high dielectric constant have been proposed for multilayer wiring board applications using resin (for example, Journal 1 of Materials Science: Materiall E 1 ectronics No. 1 1 2 See pages 5 to 26).
- the method of manufacturing a capacitor in a multilayer wiring board changes with forms of the material to be used,
- the manufacturing method of the conventional multilayer wiring board Embedded CircuitCorporationFinalReport3-1 to 1 6 (refer to Nationala 1 C enterfor manufacturing sciences) and a method of manufacturing a multilayer wiring board using a high dielectric constant material having photosensitivity ("I. ow D i Electric Constant Materials ", Electronic Co nt and ech nology Kon ference (1 9 9 7) 7 3 9 to 7 4 4)
- I. ow D i Electric Constant Materials Electronic Co nt and ech nology Kon ference (1 9 9 7) 7 3 9 to 7 4 .
- a multilayer wiring board incorporating a capacitor using a resin composite material in which a high dielectric constant filler is highly filled as a high dielectric constant material in the case where capacitors are stacked as a core layer and the layer configuration is symmetrical, the core Although both sides of the layer must be patterned, capacitors using the above-mentioned resin composite material are prone to problems in breaking strength and processability, so it is necessary to pattern and laminate one side of the core layer, The cost is higher than the production of multilayer wiring boards. Further, in the above multilayer wiring board, when the insulating layer is a core layer, the warpage is small when the high dielectric constant material is laminated symmetrically with respect to the core layer, but the warpage is small when it is laminated asymmetrically.
- capacitance which is an important characteristic of a capacitor, is proportional to the dielectric constant of the capacitor dielectric and inversely proportional to the dielectric thickness. That is, in order to increase the capacity of the capacitor with the same material, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the high dielectric constant material. In the conventional method as shown in the above-mentioned document, when the high dielectric constant material is made thinner, the handleability is reduced and the manufacturing yield is poor. There is also a method of casting a high dielectric constant material onto a copper foil and using a copper foil with an adhesive, which is a build-up substrate material, but the inner layer circuit pattern filling property when laminated and integrated with the inner layer circuit board And thickness control was a major problem.
- the capacitance which is an important characteristic of a capacitor, is also proportional to the counter electrode area of the capacitor. That is, in order to suppress the variation in capacity during manufacturing, it is necessary to reduce the variation in counter electrode area.
- the metal foil covering the insulating layer is etched away in a desired pattern to face the previously formed electrode.
- the area of the opposite electrode of the capacitor changes due to the etching variation of the metal foil, and the variation of the capacitor capacity occurs.
- the variation in capacitor capacity due to the displacement of the opposite electrode has also been a problem.
- the multilayer wiring board of the present invention comprises at least one insulating layer, a plurality of conductive layers, a nonconductive through hole electrically connecting the plurality of conductive layers, and at least one insulating layer containing a high dielectric constant material.
- the first feature is that the thickness is 0. 1 to 30 m.
- the multilayer wiring board of the present invention having the first feature, by thinning the high dielectric constant material layer to be the dielectric of the capacitor, regardless of the symmetry or asymmetry of the layer configuration, the warping of the multilayer wiring board can be obtained. This can be reduced, and further, since the capacitor can be incorporated in any layer except the core layer, the design freedom can be greatly improved. In addition, the cost can be reduced because only the minimum necessary capacitors are required. In addition, since the thickness of the high dielectric constant material is reduced, the capacitor capacity which is in inverse proportion to the thickness of the dielectric can be increased.
- the multilayer wiring board of the present invention comprises at least one of a plurality of insulating layers, a plurality of conductor layers, a nonconductive through hole electrically connecting the plurality of conductor layers, and a high dielectric constant material.
- a second feature is that the pattern surface and the filled insulating material surface are planarized.
- the recesses between the conductor patterns are filled in advance with the insulating resin, and the high dielectric material layer is formed.
- the high dielectric material layer can be thin and accurate in thickness, and the variation in capacitance of the capacitor can be reduced.
- a capacitor comprising a high dielectric constant material of 20 to 100 at 25 ° C. and 1 MHz and forming an electrode on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulating layer;
- a third feature is that the thickness of at least one side of the opposing electrodes is in the range of 1 to 18 ⁇ m.
- the multilayer wiring board of the present invention having the third feature, by limiting the thickness of the conductor layer, the accuracy of the patterning can be improved, and the etching variation can be reduced. It also makes it possible to suppress dimensional variations.
- a method of manufacturing a multilayer wiring board having capacitors formed by forming electrodes on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulating layer comprising the steps of: forming a conductor pattern including one of the electrodes; Filling and curing an insulating material different from the high dielectric constant material, flattening the surface of the conductor pattern and the recess between the conductor patterns by polishing, flattening the surface of the insulating material cured, semi-curing
- a method of manufacturing a multilayer wiring board comprising the steps of: heating and laminating a metal foil provided with the high dielectric constant material in a state; and at least including:
- the dielectric constant of a plurality of insulating layers, a plurality of conductor layers, a conductive hole electrically connecting the plurality of conductor layers, and at least one of the insulating layers is provided.
- a capacitor comprising a high dielectric constant material of 20 to 100 at 25.degree. C. and 1 MHz and forming an electrode on the upper and lower surfaces of the insulating layer;
- a manufacturing method wherein a pattern exposure area of a photosensitive resist is set to 1 to 250 cm 2 / time at the time of forming a conductor pattern, and the same substrate is exposed a plurality of times. Provide a way.
- the present invention is manufactured by the above multilayer wiring board or the above manufacturing method.
- the present invention provides a semiconductor device characterized in that a semiconductor chip is mounted on the multilayer wiring board.
- the present invention also provides a wireless electronic device characterized in that the above-mentioned semiconductor device is mounted.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a multilayer wiring board of the present invention.
- FIG. 2F is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a method of manufacturing a multilayer wiring board according to the present invention.
- FIG. Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of the circuit board showing L, 1, and h required to obtain the curvature ⁇ .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a capacitor electrode produced according to Fig. 4 Examples 10 and 16 to 19.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a capacitor electrode produced according to Fig. 4 Examples 10 and 16 to 19.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a capacitor electrode produced according to Fig. 5 Example 1 1.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a capacitor electrode produced according to Fig. 5 Example 1 1.
- FIG. 1 Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the capacitor electrode produced according to Fig. 6 Example 12.
- FIG. 1 Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the capacitor electrode produced according to Fig. 6 Example 12.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a capacitor electrode manufactured according to Fig. 7 Example 13.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a capacitor electrode manufactured according to Fig. 7 Example 13.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a capacitor electrode manufactured according to Fig. 8 Example 14.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a capacitor electrode manufactured according to Fig. 8 Example 14.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a capacitor electrode manufactured according to Fig. 9 Example 15;
- the schematic diagram which shows the horizontal distance which becomes shortest with each side surface of a capacitor electrode which has thickness of Fig.111-18 micrometers, and each side surface of the capacitor electrode which opposes this.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a portion (hatched portion) which is not considered as the shortest horizontal distance of F i g. 1 3 F i g. 1 1; Preferred Embodiment for Carrying Out the Invention
- the high dielectric constant material used for the capacitor of the multilayer wiring board of the present invention is a resin composition containing at least an insulating resin and a high dielectric constant filler.
- the insulating resin is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use an epoxy resin which can be used in a semi-cured state and which can provide a high dielectric constant material excellent in insulation after curing.
- any epoxy resin may be used as long as it cures and exhibits an adhesive action, but an epoxy resin having a molecular weight of less than 5 000, more preferably less than 3 000, is preferably used.
- the bifunctional epoxy resin include bisphenol A type or bisphenol F type resin and the like.
- Bisphenol A type or Bisphenol F type liquid resin is commercially available from Yuka Shell Epoxy Co., Ltd. under the trade names of Epi coat 807, Epi coat 8 2 7 and Epi coat 8 28.
- Dow Chemical Japan Ltd. is marketed under the trade names D.E.R.330, D.E.R.310, and D.E.R.361.
- it is commercially available from Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd. under the trade names of YD 81 25 and YDF 8 170.
- a polyfunctional epoxy resin may be added for the purpose of increasing the Tg, and examples thereof include a pheno / lenopolac epoxy resin, a cresol nopolac epoxy resin, and the like.
- Phenol novolak epoxy resin Is commercially available from Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. under the trade name EP PN-201.
- Creso 1 novolac epoxy resin is commercially available from Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. under the trade names ES CN- 1 90 and ES CN- 1 5 5.
- EOCN 1022 EOCN 1 025 EOCN 1 027.
- a curing agent for curing the above-mentioned epoxy resin those which are usually used can be used, and it is not particularly limited.
- hamamin, polyamide, acid anhydride, polysulfide, trifluoride examples thereof include bisphenyl, bisphenol F and bisphenol S which are compounds having two or more boron and hydroxyl hydroxyl groups in one molecule.
- phenol nopolac resin which is phenol resin, bisphenol nopolac resin, taresol nopolac resin, or the like, because they are excellent in electrolytic resistance at the time of moisture absorption.
- Preferred curing agents are Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., under the trade names Preofen LF 2882, Phenolite TD-2090, Phenolite TD-2 149, Phenolite VH 4 150, and Phenolite VH 4.1 70. It is commercially available.
- the curing accelerator various imidazoles are preferably used.
- the imidazole include 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole 2-methylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole, 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazolium trimelylate and the like.
- Such imidazoles are commercially available from Shikoku Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. under the trade names of 2E4MZ, 2PZ-CN, and 2PZ-CNS.
- high dielectric constant filler for example, barium titanate, strontium titanate, calcium titanate, magnesium titanate, lead titanate, titanium dioxide, barium zirconate, calcium zirconate, Lead zirconate and the like can be mentioned, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In particular, it is preferable to use one having a relative dielectric constant of 50 or more. Preferably, one or more of the above-mentioned high dielectric constant fillers are blended in a weight ratio of 300 to 300 with respect to the insulating resin 100.
- a weight average molecular weight having at least one functional group such as an epoxy group, an amide group, a carboxyl group, a cyanate group, and a hydroxy group. It is preferable to mix
- blend high molecular weight resin which is 10,000 to 800,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is 10,000 or more, the tackiness of the high dielectric constant material in the B-stage can be reduced and the flexibility upon curing can be improved.
- the weight average molecular weight exceeds 800,000, it becomes difficult to uniformly disperse the high dielectric constant filler.
- high molecular weight resin for example, phenoxy resin, high molecular weight epoxy resin, ultra high molecular weight epoxy resin, polyamide resin, functional group-containing reactive rubber and the like can be mentioned.
- the above phenoxy resin is commercially available from Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd. under the trade name of Hinoto YP-40 and Hinoto YP-50. It is also marketed by Phoenix Associates under the product names PKHC, PKHH, and PKHJ.
- the high molecular weight epoxy resin is a high molecular weight epoxy resin having a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 to 80,000, and an ultra high molecular weight epoxy resin having a weight average molecular weight of more than 80,000 (Japanese Patent Publication 7-5 6 1 No.
- the above-mentioned polyamide resin is commercially available from Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. under the trade name KS 900 series.
- C As the above-mentioned functional group-containing reactive rubber, a carboxyl group-containing acrylic resin is known as Imperial Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Epoxy group-containing acrylic rubber is commercially available under the trade name HTR- 8 6 0 P under the trade name HTR- 8 6 0 P-3.
- a dispersant may be added to the high dielectric constant material used in the present invention.
- the dispersing agent that can be used, conventionally known non-silicone dispersing agents such as commercially available ones can be used without particular limitation.
- the compounding amount may be appropriately determined by experiment.
- the high dielectric constant material having the above composition is mixed with an organic solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone to form a varnish, which is applied to a metal foil, dried and formed into a B-staged sheet for use.
- an organic solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone
- the metal foil used here include copper and aluminum, and the thickness thereof is preferably in the range of 1 to 35 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 12 ⁇ .
- the thickness of at least one side of the metal foil to be a conductor pattern including opposing capacitor electrodes is in the range of 1 to 18 ⁇ m. Further, by not subjecting the metal foil to metal plating, it is possible to suppress an increase in thickness of the metal foil.
- the melt viscosity at 120 ° C. of the B-stage state of the high dielectric constant material is preferably 100 to 200 Pa ⁇ S. If the minimum melt viscosity is lower than 100 Pa ⁇ S., The flow will be large, and the thickness variation will be large, and if it is higher than 20 0 Pa * S, the adhesiveness will be reduced.
- the insulating resin to be used for the insulating layer in the portion other than the insulating layer containing the high dielectric constant material is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use an insulating resin different from the high dielectric constant material. It is preferable that the resin be sequestered and that an inorganic filler be added to the resin. By reinforcing with the glass substrate, even if the thickness of the insulating layer is 150 m or more, the thickness control is easier than in the case where the glass substrate is not present. In addition, the addition of the inorganic filler can reduce the waviness of the surface due to the influence of the glass substrate, and can provide a multilayer wiring board having a smooth surface excellent in high frequency characteristics.
- glass base materials to which a holding strength is added and to which an inorganic filler is added are MCL-E-679F and MCL-BE-67G (H) (The above, Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) Ltd., product name) or CS— 3 35 5 S, C S- 33 5 7 S (The above, Copper-clad laminates such as those manufactured by Toshisho Kogyo Co., Ltd., GE A-679 F, GE A- 6 7 BE (H) (all manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name) ES-3 It is possible to use an interlayer adhesion insulating material such as 30 5 S (trade name, manufactured by Toshisho Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- the multilayer wiring board of the present invention can also have an inductor in combination with a capacitor.
- the inductor is formed by etching the conductor layer, and is preferably formed on any one of the conductor patterns including the electrodes of the capacitor. Further, since the smaller the in-width of the conductor pattern, the higher the inductance density, the thickness of the inductor is preferably smaller than that of the other conductor layers, and the thickness is preferably 1 to 12 m.
- the multilayer wiring board of the present invention may have a non-through hole which simultaneously penetrates at least one insulating layer containing a high dielectric constant material and an insulating layer adjacent thereto.
- a conductor pattern having a line width of 300 ⁇ m or more is provided in the outermost conductor layer, and the thickness of the insulating layer adjacent to the outermost conductor layer is 150 ⁇ m or more. Is preferred.
- the thickness of the high dielectric constant material layer in the multilayer wiring board of the present invention having the first feature is in the range of 0.1 to 30 m. This range is also effective for the multilayer wiring board of the present invention having the second and third features.
- the multilayer wiring board of the present invention having the first feature may have an asymmetric layer structure having a capacitor in any layer except the core layer, but even in this case, the warp of the multilayer wiring board has a curvature at room temperature.
- . is preferably 0 X 1 0- ram- 1 or less, 2. more preferably 4 X 1 O- mm- 1 or less, that 1. is 4 X 1 0- 4 mni- 1 below Particularly preferred.
- the curvature ⁇ is the reciprocal of the radius when the wiring board 16 as shown in FIG.
- the wiring board warps with a constant curvature, and the curvature on both sides is the same.
- the longest length L of the wiring board represents the length of its diagonal, and in Equation 1, the linear distance 1 is used as its approximate value.
- the amount of warp h represents the distance between the surface of the multilayer wiring board and the bottom surface of the end of the multilayer wiring board when the multilayer wiring board is placed on the horizontal surface of the table with the concave surface upward, and the value is l mm or less. It is preferable that it is 0.6 mm or less, more preferably 0.3 mm or less.
- the concave portions between the conductor patterns of the multilayer wiring board of the present invention having the second feature are filled with an insulating resin, and the substrate surface on which the high dielectric constant material layer is formed is made flat beforehand.
- the planarization is also effective for the multilayer wiring board of the present invention having the first and third features.
- a conductor pattern including at least one electrode is in contact with three different insulating materials including a high dielectric constant material. That is, by using a third insulating material different from the insulating resin used for the insulating layer of the base material and the high dielectric constant material as the insulating material to be filled between the conductive patterns, a better capacitor can be obtained. it can. Furthermore, it is preferable to have a capacitor in any layer except for the core layer, and the variation in capacitance of the capacitor is less than 5% of the soil.
- the method for manufacturing a multilayer wiring board according to the present invention having the second feature comprises the steps of: forming a conductor pattern including one of the electrodes of a capacitor; and filling the recess between the conductor pattern with an insulating material different from the high dielectric constant material; Curing, filling the surface of the conductor pattern by polishing and the space between the conductor patterns, curing It is characterized in that it comprises at least a step of flattening the surface of the insulating material and a step of heating and laminating a metal foil provided with a high dielectric constant material in a semi-cured state.
- the method may further include the steps of: etching the metal foil to form a conductor pattern including the other of the electrodes of the capacitor; and forming an inductor on at least one conductor layer.
- the thickness of at least one side of the opposing capacitor electrodes is 1 to 18 m. Due to possible positional deviation, the area of the opposing electrode in which the opposing electrodes overlap is reduced, and the electrode having a thickness of 1 to 18 ⁇ m opposes this in order to suppress the decrease in capacitance of the capacitor. It is preferable to be inside the outer periphery of the electrode. In other words, by making one of the electrodes larger than the range in which one of the electrodes can be displaced in the process, it is possible to eliminate the capacitance fluctuation due to the displacement.
- the shortest horizontal distance between each side surface of the capacitor electrode having a thickness of 1 to 18 m and each side surface of the electrode opposed thereto is in the range of 50 to 100 ⁇ m. Is preferred. If the above horizontal distance is less than 50 ⁇ m, the possibility of reduction in the counter electrode area due to displacement of the electrode increases, and if it exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the size of the capacitor electrode becomes large. It is uneconomical because it leads to an increase in the size of the substrate. Note that
- each side surface of the capacitor electrode 17 having a thickness of 1 to 18 ⁇ m in F ig .11 and each side surface of the capacitor electrode 18 opposite thereto is shown as a to (!
- the wiring portion extending from one capacitor electrode and overlapping the opposing capacitor electrode is ignored.
- the horizontal direction is the shortest between each side surface of the capacitor electrode having a thickness of 1 to 18 m and the outer peripheral portion of the conductive hole provided on the electrode for electrically connecting any conductor layers. It is preferable that the distances are respectively 100 ⁇ m or more. 1 to 1 8 when the horizontal distance is less than 100 ⁇ m.
- the positional deviation between the electrode having a thickness of ⁇ m and the hole electrically connecting an arbitrary conductor layer increases the probability of occurrence of connection failure.
- each of the side surfaces of the capacitor electrode 17 having a thickness of 1 to 18 ⁇ m in FIG. 12 is electrically connected to any conductor layer provided on the electrode.
- Horizontal distance with the outer peripheral part of hole 1 9 is the shortest e ⁇ ! ! It is shown as.
- an electrode having a thickness of 1 to 18 ⁇ m is formed by etching away an unnecessary portion of the conductor layer.
- the capacitor electrode of the present invention can be formed by the additive method using plating or the semi-additive method, it is economically advantageous to form using the subtract method using etching. If this is the case, suppression of dimensional variations etc. can also be expected.
- the pattern exposure area of the photosensitive resist is set to 1 to 250 cm 2 / time, and exposure is performed multiple times in the same substrate. It is characterized by
- the exposure area per one time is less than 1 cm 2 , the number of exposures is increased, the manufacturing tactic becomes longer, and the cost increases.
- the exposure area per one time exceeds 250 cm 2 , it becomes difficult to reduce the positional deviation of the pattern.
- the exposure area is particularly preferable to set the exposure area at one time to 50 to 150 cm 2, and it is possible to obtain an optimum effect for reducing positional deviation and suppressing manufacturing tactics.
- the divided exposure method in which the exposure area is reduced once and a plurality of exposures are performed, a pattern generated due to the expansion and contraction of the substrate is used in a large substrate used in the manufacture of a general multilayer wiring board. It becomes possible to reduce the positional deviation of the conductor pattern generated at the time of exposure to the positional deviation.
- the method may further include the step of etching away unnecessary portions of the conductor layer to form a conductor pattern including a capacitor electrode.
- the present invention further provides a semiconductor device in which a semiconductor chip is mounted on the multilayer wiring board described above.
- a capacitor having a small variation in capacitance or a multilayer wiring board having a capacitor having a small variation in capacitance and an inductor having a high inductance density in the substrate it is possible to obtain a semiconductor device achieving both size reduction and weight reduction simultaneously.
- a conductor pattern having a line width of 300 ⁇ m or more is provided in the outermost conductor layer
- a multilayer wiring board is used in which the thickness of the insulating layer adjacent to the outermost conductor layer is 15 0 ⁇ m or more
- the present invention further provides a wireless electronic device mounted with the aforementioned semiconductor device.
- a wireless electronic device mounted with the aforementioned semiconductor device.
- Bisphenol A type epoxy resin (YD- 8125 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.) is used as an epoxy resin 6 6 parts by weight Cresol novolac epoxy resin (manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd. YDCN- 7 0 3 3) 4 parts by weight, phenol nopolac resin as curing agent for epoxy resin (using Praiorban LF 2 8 8 2 manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) 6 3 parts by weight, phenoxy resin as high molecular weight resin (weight Average molecular weight 50,000, using Fueno Toto YP-50 manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd.) 24 parts by weight Curing accelerator 1-cyano-ethyl-2-fluoroimidazole (using Cuazole 2 PZ-CN) as a hardening accelerator 0.6 parts by weight, average particle diameter 1.5 ⁇ m as a high dielectric constant filler Barium Titania Filtrate (using B T 1 00 PR manufactured by Fuji Titanium
- Bisphenol A type epoxy resin as epoxy resin (YD- 8 125 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.) 6 6 parts by weight Cresol Nopolak type epoxy resin (YD CN manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.) Use 70 3)
- Phenol novolak resin as a curing agent for epoxy resin (using LF 288 2 manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) 6 3 parts by weight, as a high molecular weight resin, polyamide polyimide represented by the following general formula 24 parts by weight of de-resin (weight average molecular weight 70,000), one
- Curing accelerator 1 Curing accelerator 1Cyanoethyl-2-fluorodimethylimidazole (using Cuazole 2 PZ—CN) 0.6 parts by weight, high dielectric constant Barium titanate having an average particle diameter of 1.5 m as filler Filler (use BT-100 PR manufactured by Fuji Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 300 parts by weight and barium titanate filler with an average particle diameter of 0.6 ⁇ m (HP B T_1 manufactured by Fuji Titan Co., Ltd.) ) A mixture consisting of 400 parts by weight of a non-silicone dispersant (using B YK- W9010 manufactured by Bick Chemie Japan Co., Ltd.) 1 1.
- melt viscosity of this B-stage high dielectric constant material sheet 2 at 120 ° C was measured using a Shimadzu flow tester CFT- 100 (trade name of Shimadzu Corporation), and the nozzle diameter of 2 mm ⁇ was fixed. It was 2 OOP a * S when measured with a tool. Also, with regard to a cured product cured at 170 ° C. for 1 hour, L CR meter YHP 4 225 A (Yokogawa Hyuret To Packard Co., Ltd., trade name) is used, at 25 ° C. and 1 MH Z As a result of calculating the dielectric constant from the impedance characteristic, it was 45.
- Bisphenol A type epoxy resin (YD- 8125 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.) is used as an epoxy resin 6 6 parts by weight, Cresol Nopolak type epoxy resin (YD CN- 703 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.) use) 34 parts by weight, Phenolnopolak resin (using Priofen LF 28 82 manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) 6 as a curing agent for epoxy resin 6 3 parts by weight Phenoxy resin as a high molecular weight resin (weight average molecular weight 50,000, Toho 24 parts by weight of Futo Toto YP-50 manufactured by Kasei Co., Ltd., Hardening accelerator 1-cyanoethyl-2-phenylimidazole (using Cuazoyl 2 PZ- CN) as a curing accelerator 0.6 parts by weight, High A barium titanate titanate with an average particle diameter of 1.5 m (using BT-100 PR manufactured by Fuji Titanium Industry Co., Ltd
- melt viscosity of this B-stage high dielectric constant material sheet 3 at 120 ° C was measured using a Shimadzu flow tester CFT- 100 type (brand name of Shimadzu Corporation) and a jig with a nozzle diameter of 2 mm. It was 1 50 Pa ⁇ S when it measured by. Also, for cured products cured at 170 ° C for 1 hour, impedance at 25 ° C and 1 MHz using L CR meter YHP 42 75A (Yokogawa Hyuretto Packard Co., product name) As a result of calculating the dielectric constant from the characteristics, it was 45.
- Hardening accelerator 1-cyano-ethyl-2-fluoroimidazole using Cuazole 2 PZ-CN as a hardening accelerator 0.6 parts by weight, titanium with an average particle size of 1.5 m as a high dielectric constant filler Bulium titanate (Using B T _ 1 00 PR manufactured by Fuji Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 900 parts by weight Barium Titania Fila ichi (with an average particle diameter of 0.6 ⁇ m) HP manufactured by Fuji Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.
- a methyl ethyl ketone is added to a composition comprising 550 parts by weight of BT-1 and a non-silicone dispersing agent (by using BYK-W9010 manufactured by BIC Chemie Japan Co., Ltd.) as a dispersant.
- a non-silicone dispersing agent by using BYK-W9010 manufactured by BIC Chemie Japan Co., Ltd.
- the mixture was stirred and mixed at 1 000 rpm for 1 hour using a bead mill, filtered through a 200 mesh cloth, and then vacuum degassed.
- This resin varnish is applied onto a 12 ⁇ m thick electrodeposited copper foil (using GT S — 1 2 made by Furukawa Sirtox Oil Co., Ltd.) and dried by heating at 140 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- a B-stage coated film of 25 ⁇ m was formed to prepare a high dielectric constant material sheet 4 provided with a copper foil.
- melt viscosity of this B-stage high dielectric constant material sheet 4 at 120 ° C was measured using a Shimadzu flow tester CF T-100 type (trade name of Shimadzu Corporation), and the nozzle diameter of 2 mm ⁇ was fixed. It was 2 OOP a ⁇ S when measured with a tool.
- impedance characteristics at 25 ° C and 1 MHz using L CR meter YHP 4 2 5 5 5 A (Yokogawa Hyuretsu Top Packard Co., Ltd., trade name) As a result of calculating the dielectric constant from the above, it was 70.
- Bisphenol A type epoxy resin (YD- 8125 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.) is used as an epoxy resin 6 6 parts by weight Cresol novolac epoxy resin (YD CN- 70 3 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.) use)
- Phenol novolak resin as curing agent for epoxy resin (Pliofen LF 28 8 2 manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. 6) 3 parts by weight, high molecular weight resin, phenoxy resin (weight average molecular weight 50,000, using Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd., Pheno Toto YP-50), 24 parts by weight, hardening accelerator as curing accelerator 1-cyano-ethyl 2- 0.6 part by weight of phenylimidazole (using Cuazole 2 PZ—CN), barium titanate filler having an average particle diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m as a high dielectric constant filler (BT—1 00, manufactured by Fuji Titanium Industries Co., Ltd.) Using PR) 86 parts by weight, non-silicone dispersing agent (using B YK-W 900 1 made by Bick Chemie's Japan Co., Ltd.) as the dispersing agent 5.
- the melt viscosity of the B-stage high dielectric constant material sheet 5 at 120 ° C. was measured using a Shimadzu flow tester CF T-100 type (brand name of Shimadzu Corporation) and a jig with a nozzle diameter of 2 mm. It was 100 P a ⁇ S when measured by. Also, with regard to a cured product cured at 170 ° C. for 1 hour, L CR meter YHP 42 75 A (Yokogawa Hyuretto Packard Co., trade name) is used, and at 25 ° C. and 1 MHz. As a result of calculating the dielectric constant from the impedance characteristic, it was 20.
- thermosetting insulating material HRP-700 BA (Solar Ink Manufacturing Co., Ltd., trade name) 4 is filled in the drill holes of this substrate by screen printing, and heat treated at 170 ° C. for 60 minutes. Cured (F i g. 2 (d)). After polishing the substrate surface with a puff brush to remove excess insulating material, apply catalyst to this substrate, promote adhesion after promoting electroless copper plating, and approximately 15 / zm electroless copper plating on the substrate surface. Layer 5 was formed (F ig. 2 (e)).
- photosensitive dry film H-9040 manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name
- a conductor pattern etching resister including capacitor electrodes is formed on the surface of the substrate. It exposed by the make made EXM-1 350 B type automatic parallel exposure machine.
- This substrate is developed with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, and then unnecessary tines are removed by etching with a ferric chloride solution, and the resist is peeled off with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to form an inner layer having a circuit pattern including the lower electrode of the capacitor.
- a circuit board was produced (F i g. 2 (f)).
- the above-mentioned high dielectric constant material sheet 1 including the insulating layer 8 containing the high dielectric constant material and the copper foil 7 on one side of this circuit board is heated to 170 ° C. at a pressure of 1.5 MP a. Laminated and integrated under pressing conditions for 60 minutes (F ig. 2 (h)). After polishing this laminate with a puff brush, photosensitive dry film H -90 4 0 (Hitachi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name) is laminated on the copper foil of high dielectric constant material sheet 1, and the etching resist of the conductor pattern including the capacitor electrode is made on the surface of this substrate. It exposed with the Mfg. EXM-1 350 B-type automatic parallel exposure machine.
- This substrate was developed with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, and then unnecessary copper was removed by etching with a ferric chloride solution, and the resist was peeled away with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to form a conductor pattern including the upper electrode of the capacitor. (F ig. 2 (i)).
- the circuit surface of this circuit board is subjected to a roughening treatment by a blackening treatment mainly composed of sodium hypochlorite and a reduction treatment mainly composed of dimethylaminopolan, (1) 3 5 ⁇ m Carrier Copper foil with thickness 3 ⁇ copper foil MT 3 5 S 3 (Mitsui Mining & Mining Co., Ltd., trade name) 9, (2) Thickness 80 0 ⁇ Filled with glass epoxy pre-predator GEA- 6 7 9 F (made by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name) Two 10 sheets, (3) Fig.
- etching resist is formed in the necessary places such as pads and circuit patterns on the surface of the substrate, and unnecessary copper is added to the aqueous solution of ferric chloride. Removed by etching was used to form the outer circuit (F i g .2 (m) ).
- Solder resist PSR-4000 AU S 5 (Solar Ink Mfg. Co., Ltd., trade name) was applied to the surface of this substrate for 30 m with a roll coater, dried and then exposed and developed to form solder resist 15 at the desired location.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained by the same process as in Example 1 except that the high dielectric constant material sheet 2 was used instead of the high dielectric constant material sheet 1.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained by the same process as in Example 1 except that the high dielectric constant material sheet 3 was used instead of the high dielectric constant material sheet 1.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained by the same process as in Example 1 except that the high dielectric constant material sheet 4 was used instead of the high dielectric constant material sheet 1.
- a copper foil with an epoxy resin having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m of a dielectric material layer was used as the high dielectric material sheet, except that MC F 6 000 E (trade name, manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained.
- the multilayer wiring boards obtained in the above Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1 were cut into a size of 100 m ⁇ 10 10 mm to prepare test samples, and the amount of warpage was measured. Furthermore, the curvature was determined using the above-mentioned equation 1. Table the results Shown in 1.
- the dielectric constant of the cured product of the high dielectric constant material is 20 to 1: 100 at 25 ° C. 1 MHz and the thickness is 0.1. It is a multilayer wiring board with built-in capacitors of 3 0 ⁇ m, and all the curvatures are less than 4.0 X 10 -4 mm- 1 , and the amount of warpage is also as small as l mm or less. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, Shimare , warpage curvature exceeds a 4. 0 X 1 0- 4 mm- 1 because the thickness of a 8 0 mu m high dielectric constant material be greater than 1 mm Oops.
- Example 1 With respect to the multilayer wiring board obtained in Example 1, the variation in capacitor capacity and the formability were evaluated.
- the method of measuring the capacitance of the capacitor and the method of evaluating its formability are as follows. '
- impedance impedance analyzer 4 2 9 1 B (Agilent Technology Co., Ltd., trade name) 50 ⁇ coaxial cable SUCOFLEX 1 0 4/1 0 0 (S UHN ER, trade name)
- the measurement system connected to the high-frequency signal measurement probe MICROPROBEACP 50 (GSG 250 type, trade name, manufactured by CAScade, Inc.) via) was used.
- the electrode size of the capacitor was l mm x l mm, and the capacity of 1 GHz was measured.
- the measurements are made at five power stations at the four corners and the center of the substrate. The capacity of the condenser was measured.
- the formability was determined by cutting the produced multilayer wiring board into 10 mm x 30 mm, casting it with epoxy resin, polishing the cross section of the substrate, and evaluating whether there is any etc. in the multilayer wiring board. did. The case where there was no boyd was considered good, and the case where there was a boyd etc. was considered bad.
- Example 2 With respect to the multilayer wiring board obtained in Example 2, the variation in capacitor capacity and the formability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6.
- Example 3 With respect to the multilayer wiring board obtained in Example 3, the capacitor capacity variation and the formability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6.
- Example 4 With respect to the multilayer wiring board obtained in Example 4, the capacitor capacity variation and the formability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6.
- Example 5 With respect to the multilayer wiring board obtained in Example 5, the capacitor capacity variation and the formability were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6.
- multilayer wiring boards using the following high dielectric constant material sheets 6 to 10 are produced as in Examples 10 to 19 and Comparative Example 4 below, and displacement of capacitor electrodes of these multilayer wiring boards, dimensions Variation and variation in volume were evaluated.
- Bisphenol A type epoxy resin (YD- 8125 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.) is used as an epoxy resin 6 6 parts by weight, Cresol Nopolac type epoxy resin (YDCN- 7 0 3 manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd.) 3) 4 parts by weight, phenol novolak resin as hardener for epoxy resin (Pliofen LF 2 8 8 2 manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) 6 3 parts by weight, phenoxy resin as high molecular weight resin ( Molecular weight 50,000, using Fueno Tote YP-50 manufactured by Toto Kasei Co., Ltd.) 2 4 Weight Part, Hardening accelerator 1-Sianoethyl- 2 -phenylyl midazole (using Cuazole 2 PZ-CN) as a curing accelerator 0.6 part by weight, high dielectric constant film as an average particle diameter of 1.5 ⁇ m 1 (Uses BT-1 00 PR made by Fuji Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.) 1 300 weight
- the cured product obtained by curing this B-stage adhesive film at 170 ° C. for 1 hour was measured using a LCR meter YHP 4 2 75 A (Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd., trade name) at 25 ° C., 1 MH
- LCR meter YHP 4 2 75 A Yamagawa Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd., trade name
- a high dielectric constant material sheet 7 was obtained by the same process as 6).
- the cured product obtained by curing this B-stage adhesive film at 170 ° C. for 1 hour was measured at 25 ° C., 1 MHB using LCR meter YH P 4 2 75 A (Yokogawa Hewlett Packard Co., trade name). As a result of calculating the dielectric constant from the impedance characteristic at z, it was 45.
- the electrodeposited copper foil coated with adhesive varnish has a thickness of 18 ⁇ m.
- a high dielectric constant material sheet 9 was obtained by the same process as the high dielectric constant material sheet 6 except that it was replaced with GT S-18 (manufactured by Foil Co., Ltd.).
- the cured product obtained by curing this B-stage adhesive film at 170 ° C. for 1 hour was measured at 25 ° C. using LCR meter YH P 4 2 5 5 A (Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd., trade name). As a result of calculating the dielectric constant from the impedance characteristic at 1 MHz, it was 45.
- the cured product obtained by curing this B-stage adhesive film at 1 ° C for 1 hour is measured at 25 ° C using LCR meter YH P 4 2 5 5 A (Yokogawa Hewlett-Packard Co., Ltd., trade name). As a result of calculating the dielectric constant from the impedance characteristic at 1 MHz, it was 45.
- the high dielectric constant material sheet 6 is used instead of the high dielectric constant material sheet 1 and the exposure when forming the upper electrode of the capacitor is replaced with the EXM-1 350 B type automatic parallel exposure machine made by Oak Manufacturing Co., Ltd. It was divided into 10 cm square patterns using a soda glass-based photomask using a UX-500 SC division projection exposure machine manufactured by SUSHI ELECTRIC CO., LTD. Both the upper and lower electrodes of A multilayer wiring board was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was formed as 0 ⁇ 0.75 mm.
- a sectional view of the capacitor 12 in the embodiment 10 is shown in FIG.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the electrode size of the capacitor was formed to be upper electrode 1.0 ⁇ 0.75 mm and lower electrode 1.05 ⁇ 0.75 5 mm.
- the A cross-sectional view of the capacitor 12 in Example 11 is shown in FIG.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the electrode size of the capacitor was formed as upper electrode 1.0 ⁇ 0.75 mm and lower electrode 1.1 ⁇ 0.85 mm. .
- a cross-sectional view of capacitor 12 in Example 12 is shown in FIG.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the electrode size of the capacitor was formed as upper electrode 1.0 ⁇ 0.75 mm and lower electrode 1.2 ⁇ 0.95 mm. .
- a cross-sectional view of the capacitor 12 in Example 13 is shown in FIG.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the electrode size of the capacitor was formed to be upper electrode 1.0 ⁇ 0.75 mm and lower electrode 1.4 ⁇ 1.15 mm. .
- a cross-sectional view of capacitor 12 in Example 14 is shown in FIG.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the pattern was divided into 5 cm square and exposed when using the divided projection exposure apparatus.
- a cross sectional view of the capacitor 12 in the embodiment 16 is shown in FIG.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10, except that the pattern was divided into 15 cm square and exposed when using the divided projection exposure apparatus.
- a cross-sectional view of capacitor 12 in Example 17 is shown in FIG. Example 1 8
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the high dielectric constant material sheet 8 was used instead of the high dielectric constant material sheet 6.
- a cross sectional view of the capacitor 12 in the embodiment 18 is shown in FIG.
- a multilayer wiring board was obtained in the same manner as Example 10 except that the high dielectric constant material sheet 9 was used instead of the high dielectric constant material sheet 6.
- a cross sectional view of the capacitor 12 in the embodiment 19 is shown in FIG.
- each capacitor portion was cut out and cast with an epoxy resin, and the cross section of the substrate was polished. Then, using a microscope with a scaler function (MX 50 made by OLYMPUS), the amount of displacement between the opposing electrodes of the capacitor and the area of the upper electrode are determined from the cross section. It was measured. The number of measurement samples is 12 for each multilayer wiring board. The results are shown in Table 3 and Table 4.
- the multilayer wiring board of the present invention by thinning the high dielectric constant material layer to be the dielectric part of the capacitor, regardless of the asymmetry or asymmetry of the layer configuration, the warpage of the multilayer wiring board As a result, it is possible to reduce the design factor, and furthermore, since the capacitor can be built in any layer except the core layer, the design freedom can be greatly improved. Also, Costs can be reduced because only the minimum necessary capacitors are needed. In addition, since the thickness of the high dielectric constant material is reduced, the capacitance of the capacitor, which is inversely proportional to the thickness of the dielectric, can be increased.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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AU2003242008A AU2003242008A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2003-05-30 | Multilayer wiring board, method for producing the same, semiconductor device and radio electronic device |
US10/521,470 US7239013B2 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2003-05-30 | Multilayer wiring board, method for producing the same, semiconductor device and radio electronic device |
US11/653,417 US7592250B2 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2007-01-16 | Multilayer wiring board, manufacturing method thereof, semiconductor device, and wireless electronic device |
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JP2002209650 | 2002-07-18 | ||
JP2002209639 | 2002-07-18 | ||
JP2002/209639 | 2002-07-18 | ||
JP2002/209650 | 2002-07-18 | ||
JP2002/259284 | 2002-09-04 | ||
JP2002259291A JP4248827B2 (ja) | 2002-07-18 | 2002-09-04 | 多層配線板およびその製造方法 |
JP2002259284A JP3832406B2 (ja) | 2002-07-18 | 2002-09-04 | 多層配線板、半導体装置、および無線電子装置 |
JP2002/259291 | 2002-09-04 | ||
JP2002/324238 | 2002-11-07 | ||
JP2002324238A JP2004158713A (ja) | 2002-11-07 | 2002-11-07 | 多層配線板およびその製造方法 |
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US10521470 A-371-Of-International | 2003-05-30 | ||
US11/653,417 Division US7592250B2 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2007-01-16 | Multilayer wiring board, manufacturing method thereof, semiconductor device, and wireless electronic device |
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US (2) | US7239013B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100413383C (ja) |
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- 2003-05-30 US US10/521,470 patent/US7239013B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-30 AU AU2003242008A patent/AU2003242008A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-06-02 TW TW092114940A patent/TWI225380B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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2007
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1669371A (zh) | 2005-09-14 |
US20070108588A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
US7592250B2 (en) | 2009-09-22 |
AU2003242008A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
US20060063367A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
TWI225380B (en) | 2004-12-11 |
TW200402255A (en) | 2004-02-01 |
CN100413383C (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
US7239013B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 |
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