NO167153B - Katalysator og fremgangsmaate for polymerisering av olefiner. - Google Patents
Katalysator og fremgangsmaate for polymerisering av olefiner. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO167153B NO167153B NO842256A NO842256A NO167153B NO 167153 B NO167153 B NO 167153B NO 842256 A NO842256 A NO 842256A NO 842256 A NO842256 A NO 842256A NO 167153 B NO167153 B NO 167153B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- bis
- cyclopentadienyl
- polymerization
- residue
- alkyl
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 alkylaryl radical Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 claims description 16
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N endo-cyclopentadiene Natural products C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical compound [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- HPYIUKIBUJFXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentadienyl radical Chemical class [CH]1C=CC=C1 HPYIUKIBUJFXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004946 alkenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004948 alkyl aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- LOKCKYUBKHNUCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlorozirconium;methylcyclopentane Chemical compound Cl[Zr]Cl.C[C]1[CH][CH][CH][CH]1.C[C]1[CH][CH][CH][CH]1 LOKCKYUBKHNUCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- OKYOPMCSUZGIPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-bromo-6-[[5-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-methylthiophen-2-yl]sulfonylcarbamoylamino]pyridin-2-yl]-3-methylurea Chemical compound CNC(=O)NC1=CC(Br)=CC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2SC(CCOC)=C(C)C=2)=N1 OKYOPMCSUZGIPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WVSMDGSTAXDNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].C1(=CC=CC=C1)CCCC1(C=CC=C1)[Zr+2]C1(C=CC=C1)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C1(=CC=CC=C1)CCCC1(C=CC=C1)[Zr+2]C1(C=CC=C1)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVSMDGSTAXDNMS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- DUBYGAMHGUFRIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Cl-].C=C.C1=CC(CCCC2)=C2C1[Ti+2]C1C=CC2=C1CCCC2 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].C=C.C1=CC(CCCC2)=C2C1[Ti+2]C1C=CC2=C1CCCC2 DUBYGAMHGUFRIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- MIILMDFFARLWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L dichlorozirconium;1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentane Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CC1=C(C)C(C)=C(C)C1(C)[Zr+2]C1(C)C(C)=C(C)C(C)=C1C MIILMDFFARLWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- AQYCWSHDYILNJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 6-methyl-3-oxo-4h-1,4-benzoxazine-8-carboxylate Chemical compound N1C(=O)COC2=C1C=C(C)C=C2C(=O)OC AQYCWSHDYILNJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 7
- JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylaluminium Chemical compound C[Al](C)C JLTRXTDYQLMHGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004260 weight control Methods 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005234 alkyl aluminium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDKNVCQXFIBDBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbanide;1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentane;zirconium(2+) Chemical group [CH3-].[CH3-].[Zr+2].C[C]1[C](C)[C](C)[C](C)[C]1C.C[C]1[C](C)[C](C)[C](C)[C]1C KDKNVCQXFIBDBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QCEOZLISXJGWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentane;trichlorotitanium Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].CC1=C(C)C(C)([Ti+3])C(C)=C1C QCEOZLISXJGWSW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- FOKGVHRHBBEPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentane;trichlorozirconium Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)Cl.C[C]1[C](C)[C](C)[C](C)[C]1C FOKGVHRHBBEPPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZYHZMFAUFITLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C)C(F)=C1 IZYHZMFAUFITLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBVIIPUAENVLDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C=CC=C1)[Zr]C1(C=CC=C1)C Chemical compound CC1(C=CC=C1)[Zr]C1(C=CC=C1)C MBVIIPUAENVLDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVUGHRAHYLJKOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1=CC(CC)([Zr]C2(CC)C=CC(CC)=C2)C=C1 Chemical compound CCC1=CC(CC)([Zr]C2(CC)C=CC(CC)=C2)C=C1 VVUGHRAHYLJKOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGCKNBPPUZBRQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].C[SiH](C)[Zr+2]C1C=CC=C1.[Cl-] Chemical compound [Cl-].C[SiH](C)[Zr+2]C1C=CC=C1.[Cl-] HGCKNBPPUZBRQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RSTFXKWOHIUXFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene 5-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-ylcyclopenta-1,3-diene titanium(2+) Chemical class [Ti++].c1cc[cH-]c1.C1=CC(C=C1)[c-]1cccc1 RSTFXKWOHIUXFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LURXHPLXDPBPNX-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopenta-1,3-diene;dichlorovanadium Chemical compound Cl[V]Cl.C1C=CC=C1.C1C=CC=C1 LURXHPLXDPBPNX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QOXHZZQZTIGPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-K cyclopenta-1,3-diene;titanium(4+);trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti+](Cl)Cl.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 QOXHZZQZTIGPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QRUYYSPCOGSZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cyclopentane;dichlorozirconium Chemical compound Cl[Zr]Cl.[CH]1[CH][CH][CH][CH]1.[CH]1[CH][CH][CH][CH]1 QRUYYSPCOGSZGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethylalumanylium;chloride Chemical compound C[Al](C)Cl JGHYBJVUQGTEEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037048 polymerization activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylidene Chemical group [CH]CC OSFBJERFMQCEQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F17/00—Metallocenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en katalysator som benyttes for fremstilling av polyolefiner med kontrollert molekylvekt.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår videre en fremgangsmåte for polymerisering av olefiner og mere spesielt en fremgangsmåte for å kontrollere molekylvekten og/eller densiteten i polyolefiner som fremstilles for derved å oppnå polymerprodukter i ethvert ønsket område av molekylvekt og densi-teter. Oppfinnelsen angår spesielt polymerisering av etylen i nærvær eller fravær av komonomerer til polyetylener med kontrollert molekylvekt og densitet.
I US-PS 3.051.690 beskrives det en fremgangsmåte for polymerisering av olefiner til høymolekylvektpolyolefiner med kontrollert molekylvekt, antydet ved polymerviskositeten, ved tilsetning av kontrollerte mengder hydrogen til polymeri-seringssystemet. Molekylvektskontrollen ble beskrevet som brukbar i kombinasjon med et hydrokarbonuoppløselig katalysatorsystem omfattende reaksjonsproduktet av en forbindelse av metall fra gruppe IVB, VB, VIB og VIII med en metall-organisk forbindelse av et alkalimetall, Jordalkalimetall, sink, et Jordmetall eller sjeldent Jordartmetall. Patentet lærer at øket bruk av hydrogen under polymeriseringsprosessen resulterer i en reduksjon av polymerproduktviskositeten.
Det er videre kjent at visse metallocener slik som bis-(cyklopentadienyl)titan eller dialkylzirkonium i kombinasjon med aluminiumalkyl/vann kokatalysator danner homogene katalysatorsystemer for polymerisering av etylen.
DE-PS 2.608.863 beskriver bruk av et katalysatorsystem for polymerisering av etylen bestående av bis(cyklopentadienyl) dialkyltitan, trialkylaluminium og vann.
DE-PS 2.608.933 beskriver et etylenpolymeriseringskataly-satorsystem bestående av metallocener med den generelle formel (cyklopentadlenyl)nZrV4-n der n betyr et helt tall 1 området 1 til 4, Y betyr CH2A1R2, CH2CH2A1R2 og CH2CH(A1R2)2, hvori R betyr alkyl eller metallalkyl, en aluminiumtrialkyl-kokatalysator og vann.
EP-PS 0035242 beskriver en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av etylen og ataktiske propylenpolymerer i nærvær av et halogen-fritt Ziegler-katalysatorsystem av 1) cyklopentadienyl-forbindelse med formelen (cyklopentadienyl)nMeY4-n der n er et helt tall fra 1 til 4, Me er et overgangsmetall, spesielt zirkonium, og Y er enten hydrogen, C^-Cs-alkyl eller -metallalkyl eller en rest med den generelle formel CH2A1R2, CH2CH2A1R2 og CH2CH(A1R2)2 der R betyr en Cj til C5~alkyl-eller -metallalkylgruppe, og 2) et alumoksan.
De ovenfor angitte patenter beskriver at polymeriseringsprosessen som benytter det homogene katalysatorsystem også er hydrogensensitiv for molekylvektskontroll.
En fordel ved cyklopentadienyl-metall/alumoksankatalysator-systemet er dets ekstremt høye aktivitet for etylenpolymeri-sering. En annen signifikant fordel er at, til forskjell fra olefinpolymerer som fremstilles i nærvær av vanlige hetero-gene Ziegler-katalysatorer, er terminalumettethet tilstede i polymerer som fremstilles i nærvær av disse homogene katalysatorer. Bruken av hydrogen for molekylvektskontroll for disse homogene katalysatorer ville være til mangel fordi den terminale umettethet ville bli mettet med tap av tilgjenge-lige seter for innbygning av funksjonaliteter i olefinpoly-merene.
I EP-PS 00352452 beskrives at relativt lavmolekylvekts-polymerprodukter oppnås ved høyere polymeriseringstemperaturer og relativt høye molekylvektspolymerer ved lave polymeriseringstemperaturer.
Som generelt kjent 1 denne teknikk er det ønskelig å maksi-malisere polymeriseringstemperaturene for å oppnå høy polymeriseringsaktivitet og å redusere driftsomkostningene uttrykt ved energigjenvinning. Katalysatoren som beskrives i EP-PS 0035242 har visse mangler for fremstilling av høy-molekylvekts høydensitetsharpikser. For å fremstille slike polymerprodukter må man arbeide ved lave temperaturer og derved øke driftsomkostningene og redusere katalysator-aktiviteten.
Det ville være meget ønskelig å tilveiebringe homogene katalysatorer som med hell kan benyttes for å fremstille polymerprodukter med høy molekylvekt ved konvensjonelle polymeriseringstemperaturer og således være istand til å kontrollere molekylvekt og densitet i polymerproduktet uten å måtte ty til temperaturkontroll eller hydrogen.
I henhold til dette tilveiebringer foreliggende oppfinnelse nye cyklopentadienyl-metall/alumoksan-katalysatorer for olefinpolymerisering, hvilke katalysatorer med hell kan benyttes ved høye temperaturer for å oppnå olefinpolymer-produkter med udmerkede egenskaper med henblikk på molekylvekt, densitet og terminalumettethet.
Det er oppdaget at molekylvekten for polymerproduktet kan kontrolleres ved omhyggelig valg av substituenten på cyklo-pentadienylringen og bruken av ligander for metallocenene. Det er videre oppdaget at komonomerinnholdet kan kontrolleres ved omhyggelig valg av metallocener. Således kan man ved valg av katalysatorkomponenter skreddersy polymerproduktet med henblikk på molekylvekt og densitet.
I henhold til dette angår foreliggende oppfinnelse en katalysator, egnet for polymerisering av et olefin og denne karakteriseres ved at den omfatter
a) et karben representert ved formelen
og dets derivat med formelen og et karben representert ved formelen og derivatene av dette karben der Cp er en cyklopentadienyl- eller substituert cyklopenta-dienylrest og R''' er en alkyl-, aryl- eller alkylarylrest med fra 1-18 karbonatomer; eller en forbindelse med formelen
der Me er et gruppe 4b-, 5b- eller 6b-metall, (C5R'm) er cyklopentadienyl eller substituert cyklopentadienyl idet hver R' som kan være lik eller forskjellig er hydrogen, en alkyl-, alkenyl-, aryl-, alkylaryl- eller arylalkylrest med 1 til 20 karbonatomer eller to R' substituenter sammen kan danne en C^-C^-ring, R" er en C^-C^alkylenrest,, en dialkylgermanium-eller silisium- eller alkylfosfin- eller aminrest som slår bro mellom to (C5R'm)-ringer idet hver Q som kan være lik eller forskjellig er en aryl-, alkyl-, alkenyl-, alkylaryl-eller arylalkylrest med fra 1 til 20 karbonatomer eller halogen, Q' er en alkylidenrest med fra 1 til 20 karbonatomer, s er 0 eller 1, p er 0, 1 eller 2; forutsatt at s er 0 når p er 0; m er 4 når s er 1; m er 5 når s er 0; og at minst en R' er en hydrokarbylrest når s=0 og Q er en alkyl-rest eller halogen, og
b) et alumoksan.
Molekylvekten for polymerproduktet kan ytterligere kontrolleres ved hjelp av forholdet mellom alumoksan og metallocen.
Oppfinnelsen tilveiebringer også en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av polyolefiner med høy molekylvekt ved relativt høye temperaturer. Prosessen karakteriseres med polymerisering av etylen alene eller i nærvær av mindre mengder høyere a-olefiner eller -diolefiner i nærvær av katalysatorsystemet som beskrives ovenfor.
Fordelene ved oppfinnelsen oppnås ved bruk av derivater på cyklopentadienylrlngen og/eller andre ligander for metallocenene for å kontrollere og skreddersy polymermolekylvekten og/eller komonomerinnholdet.
Oppfinnelsen er som nevnt rettet mot katalysatorsystemer og en katalytisk fremgangsmåte for polymerisering av olefiner, spesielt etylen, til høymolekylvektspolyetylener som lineær lavdensitetspolyetylen, LLDPE, og høydensitetspolyetylen, HDPE. Polymerene er ment for fremstilling til gjenstander ved ekstrudering, sprøytestøping, termoforming, rotasjonsstøping og lignende. Spesielt er polymerene ifølge oppfinnelsen homopolymerer av etylen og kopolymerer av etylen med høyere a-olefiner med fra 3 til ca. 10 karbonatomer og fortrinnsvis 4 til 8 karbonatomer. Illustrerende for de høyere a-olefiner er buten-1, heksen-1 og okten-1.
I fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen blir etylen, enten alene eller sammen med a-olefiner med 3 eller flere karbonatomer, polymerisert i nærvær av et katalysatorsystem omfattende minst ett metallocen og et alumoksan.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen kan man også fremstille olefin-kopolymerer, spesielt kopolymerer av etylen og høyere a-olefiner med fra 3 til 18 karbonatomer. Som antydet ovenfor kan komonomerinnholdet kontrolleres ved valg av metanosen-katalysatorkomponent.
Alumoksanene er polymere aluminiumforbindelser som kan representeres ved den generelle formel (R-Al-0)n som er en cyklisk forbindelse, og R(R-Al-0-)nA1R2 som er en lineær forbindelse. I den generelle formel er R en Cj-Cg-alkylgruppe som for eksempel metyl, etyl, propyl. butyl og pentyl og n er et helt tall fra 1 til ca. 20. Aller helst er R metyl og n ca. 4. Generelt oppnås ved fremstilling av alumoksaner fra for eksempel trimetylaluminium og vann, en blanding av den lineære og den cykliske forbindelse.
Alumoksanet kan fremstilles på forskjellige måter. Fortrinnsvis fremstilles de ved å bringe vann i kontakt med en oppløs-ning av trialkylalumlnium som for eksempel trimetylaluminium, 1 et egnet organisk oppløsnlngsmlddel slik som benzen eller et alifatlsk hydrokarbon. For eksempel behandles alkyl-aluminium med vann i form av et fuktig oppløsnlngsmlddel. I en alternativ metode kan alkylaluminlum slik som trimetylaluminium fortrinnsvis bringes i kontakt med et hydratisert salt som hydratisert kobbersulfat.
Fortrinnsvis fremstilles alumoksanet i nærvær av et hydratisert kobbersulfat. Metoden omfatter behandling av en for-tynnet oppløsning av aluminiumtrimetyl i for eksempel toluen, der kobbersulfat er representert ved den generelle formel CuS04-5H20. Forholdet mellom kobbersulfat og trimetylaluminium er fortrinnsvis ca. 1 mol kobbersulfat pr. 4 til 5 mol trimetylaluminium. Reaksjonen påvises ved utvikling av metan.
Eksempler på hydrokarbylrester er metyl, etyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, lsoamyl, hekso, isobutyl, heptyl, oktyl, nonyl, dikyl, cetyl, 2-etylheksyl, fenyl og lignende.
Eksempler på alkylenrester er metylen, etylen, propylen og lignende.
Eksempler på halogenatomer er klor, brom og Jod, og av disse halogenatomer er klor foretrukket.
Eksempler på alkylidenrester er metyl iden, etyliden og propyliden.
Av metallocenene er zirkonocenene og tianocenene mest foretrukket. Illustrerende eksempler på disse metallocener som med hell kan benyttes ifølge oppfinnelsen er monocyklo-pentadiennyltitanocener som cyklopentadienyl-titaniumtriklorid, pentametylcyklopentadienyl-titaniumtriklorid; bIs(cyklopentadienyl)-titaniumdifenyl, karbenet som representeres ved formelen Cp2Ti-CH2<*>Al(CH3)2Cl og derivater av denne reagens som C2T1-CE2 >A*(CH3)3 >(CP2TICH2)2 > Cp2 TiCH2CH( CH3 ) CH2, CP2 TI- CHCH2CH2. Cp2Ti-CH2 ' A1R'"2C1, der Cp er cyklopentadienyl eller substituert cyklopentadienyl og R'*'merket er en alkyl-, aryl- eller alkylarylrest med fra 1-18 karbonatomer; substituert bis(Cp)Ti(IV)-forbindelser som bis-(indenyl)Ti-difenyl- eller -diklorid, bis(metylcyklopenta-dienyl)Ti-difenyl eller -dihalogenider og andre dihalogenide komplekser; dialkyl-, trialkyl-, tetra- og penta-alkylcyklo-pentadienyltitanforbindelser som bis(1,2-dimetylcyklopenta-dienyl)Ti-difenyl eller -diklorid, bis(1,2-dietylcyklopenta-dienyl)Tl-difenyl eller -diklorid og andre dihalogenidkomplekser; silisium, fosfin, amin eller karbonforbundne cyklopentadienylkomplekser som dimetylsilyldicyklopenta-dienyl-titaniumdifenyl eller -diklorid, metylfosfindlcyklo-pentadienyltianium eller -diklorid, metylendicyklopenta-dienyltitaniumdifenyl eller -diklorid og andre dihalogenidkomplekser og lignende.
Illustrerende eksempler på zirkonocenene som med hell kan benyttes ifølge oppfinnelsen er pentametylcyklopentadienyl-zirkoniumtriklorid, bis(cyklopentadienyl)zirkoniumdifenyl, alkylsubstituerte cyklopentadiener som bis(etylcyklopenta-dienyl)zlrkoniumdimetyl, bis-(p<->fenylpropylcyklopentadienyl)-zirkoniumdimetyl, bis(metylcyklopentadienyl)zirkonium-dimetyl- og -dihalogenidkomplekser som ovenfor; di-alkyl-, tri-alkyl-, tetra-alkyl-cyklopentadiener som bis(pentametylcyklopentadienyl)zirkonium-dimetyl, bis(1,2-dimetylcyklo-pentadienyl)zirkoniumdimetyl, bis(1,3-dietylcyklopenta-dienyl )zirkonium-dimetyl- og dihalogenidkomplekser som ovenfor; silikon-, fosfor- og karbon-brobyggende cyklopenta-dienkomplekser som dimetylsilyldicyklopentadienyl-zirkonium-dimetyl eller -dihalid, metylfosfin-dlcyklopehtadienyl-zirkonium-dimetyl eller -dihalogenid og metylendicyklopenta-dienyl-zirkonium-dimetyl eller -dihalogenid, karbener representert ved formelen Cp2Zr-CH2P( C( fi5)2CH3» °S derivater av disse blandinger som Cp2 ZrCH2CH( CH3) CH2.
BIs(cyklopentadienyl)hafnium-diklorid, bis(cyklopentadienyl )-hafnium-dimetyl, bis(cyklopentadienyl)vanadium-diklorid og lignende er illustrerende for andre metallocener.
Forholdet mellom aluminium i alumoksanet og den totale metallmengde i metallocenene kan ligge innen området ca. 0,5:1 til ca. 10.000:1 og fortrinnsvis ca. 5:1 til ca. 1000:1.
Oppløsningsmidlene som benyttes ved fremstilling av katalysatorsystemet er inerte hydrokarboner, spesielt et hydrokarbon som er inert med henblikk på katalysatorsystemet. Slike oppløsningsmidler er velkjente og inkluderer for eksempel isobutan, butan, pentan, heksan, heptan, oktan, cykloheksan, metylcykloheksan, toluen, xylen og lignende.
Som en ytterligere kontroll og bestemmelse av polymermolekylvekten kan man variere konsentrasjonen av alumoksan. Høyere konsentrasjoner av alumoksan i katalysatorsystemet resulterer i høyere polymerproduktvekt.
Fordi man Ifølge oppfinnelsen kan fremstille høyviskositets-polymerprodukt ved relativt høy temperatur, utgjør tempera-turen ingen begrensende parameter slik som i de tidligere kjente metallocem- alumoksankatalysatorer. Katalysatorene som her beskrives er derfor egnet for polymerisering av olefiner 1 oppløsning, 1 oppslemming eller 1 gassfase og over et vidt område temperaturer og trykk. For eksempel kan temperaturene være i område ca. -60 til ca. 280<*>C og spesielt innen område ca. 50 til ca. 160<*>C. Trykkene som benyttes i prosessen ifølge oppfinnelsen er de vanlige, for eksempel innen området ca. 1 til ca. 500 atmosfærer og derover.
I oppløsningsfasepolymerlsering blir alumoksan fortrinnsvis oppløst 1 et egnet oppløsnlngsmlddel, karakterisert i et inert hydrokarbonoppløsnlngsmlddel som toluen, xylen og , lignende I molforhold på ca. 5x10 Imidlertid kan større eller mindre mengder benyttes.
De oppløselige metallocener kan omdannes til bårede hetero-gene katalysatorer ved avsetning av metallocenene på typiske katalysatorbærere som for eksempel slllslumdloksyd, aluminiumoksyd og polyetylen. De faste katalysatorer i kombinasjon med et alumoksan kan med hell benyttes i oppslemmings-eller gassfaseolefInpolymerisering.
Efter polymerisering og deaktivering av katalysatoren kan produktpolymeren igjen vinnes ved prosesser som er velkjent i denne teknikk for fjerning av deaktiverte katalysatorer og oppløsning. Oppløsningsmidlet kan flashes av fra polymer-oppløsningen og den oppnådde polymer ekstruderes i vann og skjæres til pellets eller andre egnede småpartikkelformer. Pigmenter, antioksydanter og andre additiver slik som kjent i denne teknikk kan tilsettes til polymeren.
Polymerproduktet som oppnås ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen vil ha en vektmidlere molekylvekt innen området ca. 1.400.000 til ca. 1500 og fortrinnsvis 500.000 til ca. 1000.
Polydispersitetene (molekylvektsfordeling), uttrykt som Mw/Mn ligger karakteristisk fra 1,5 til 4,0. Polymerene inneholder 1,0 kjedeendeumettethet pr. molekyl. Utvidet molekylvekt kan oppnås ved å benytte to eller flere av metyl cyklopenta-dienylener 1 kombinasjon med alumoksanet som beskrevet 1 den samtidig inngitte NO-søknad 842257.
Polymerene som fremstilles ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er istand til å kunne bearbeides til et vidt spektrum gjenstander slik det er kjent for homopolymerer av etylen og kopolymerer av etylen og høyere a-olefiner. Oppfinnelsen skal illustreres ved de følgende eksempler.
I de nedenfor følgende eksempler bestemmes molekylvektene på en Water's Associates Model No. 150C GCP (gel permeerings-kromatografi). Målingene skjedde ved å oppløse polymerprøver i varm triklorbenzen, TBC, med efterfølgende filtrering. GPC-forsøkene ble gjennomført ved 145"C i TCB ved 1,5 ml/min. ved bruk av to Shodex A80 M/S gel:med 9,4 mm indre diameter fra Perkin Eimer Inc. 300 ml 3,156 oppløsninger i TPC ble injisert og de kromatografiske prøver overvåket ved en sensitivitet lik -64 og en skalafaktor lik 65. Prøvene ble kjørt dobbelt. Integreringsparameterne ble oppnådd med en Water's Associates datamodul. En antioksydant, N-fenyl-2-naftyl-amln ble tilsatt til alle prøver.
I eksemplene som følger ble alumoksanet fremstilt på følgende måte: 600 cm<3> av en 14,5#ig oppløsning av trimetylaluminium, TMA, i heptan ble tilsatt i 30 cm<3> inkrementer ved 5 minutters intervaller under hurtig omrøring til 200 cm3 toluen i en zipperkløyverreaktor under nitrogen og holdt ved 100°C. Hvert inkrement ble umiddelbart fulgt av tilsetning av 0,3 cm<3 >vann. Reaktoren ble luftet for metan efter hver tilsetning. Efter ferdig tilsetning ble reaktoren omrørt i 6 timer mens den ble holdt ved 100°C. Blandingen inneholdende oppløselig alumoksan og en liten mengde uoppløselig alumoksan og en liten mengde uoppløslig aluminiumoksyd, ble tillatt avkjøling til romtemperatur og avsetning. Den klare oppløsning inneholdende oppløselig alumoksan separeres ved dekantering fra faststoffene.
Molekylvektene ble bestemt ved gelpermeeringskromatografi ved 145<4>C på en Water's GPC 1150C.
Eksempel 1
En 1 liters rustfri trykkbeholder av stål, utstyrt med skråbladsrører, ekstern vannkappe for temperaturkontroll, septuminnløp og lufteledning og regulert tilmatnlng av tørr etylen og nitrogen, ble tørket og deoksygenert med en nitrogenstrøm. 500 cm<3> tørr avgasset toluen ble innført direkte i trykkbeholderen. 10,0 cm<3> av en 0,785 molar (totalt aluminium) alumoksan ble sprøytet inn i beholderen ved hjelp av en gasstett kanyle gjennom septuminnløpet og blandingen omrørt ved 12 omdr./min. og 80<*>C i 5 minutter ved et nitrogentrykk på 0 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk.
0,091 mg bis(cyklopentadienyl)zirkonium-diklorid oppløst i 2,0 ml tørr destillert toluen ble sprøytet inn gjennom septuminnløpet i beholderen. Efter 1 minutt ble etylen under et trykk på 4,22 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk sluppet til mens reaksjonsbeholderen ble holdt ved 80°C. Etylenet ble ført inn i beholderen i 30 minutter hvorefter reaksjonen ble stanset ved hurtig lufting og avkjøling. Man oppnådde 13,6 g av et pulverformig hvitt polyetylen med en Mn på 39.500 og en Mw på 140.000 med en molekylvektsfordeling på 3,5.
Eksempel 2
En reaktor av den ovenfor angitte type ble tørket og deoksygenert med en nitrogenstrøm. 400 cm<3> tørr, avgasset toluen ble innført direkte i trykkbeholderen. 20,0 cm<3> 0,785 mmol (totalt aluminium) alumoksan ble injisert i beholderen ved hjelp av en gasstett kanyle gjennom septuminnløpet og blandingen omrørt ved 1200 omdr./min. og 80<*>C i 5 minutter ved et nitrogentrykk på 0 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk. 0,2101 mg bis(metylcyklopentadienyl)zirkoniumklorid oppløst i 2,0 ml tørr destillert toluen ble injisert gjennom septuminnløpet til beholderen hvorved man hadde et Al:Zr forhold på 24 x 10<3>. Efter 1 minutt ble etylen under et trykk på 4,22 kg/cm<2 >manometertrykk ført inn i 30 minutter mens man holdt reaksjonsbeholderen ved 80"C. Reaksjonen ble stanset ved hurtig lufting og avkjøling. 28,6 g pulverformig hvit polyetylen med en Mn på 55.900 og en Mw på 212.000 og med en molekylvekts-fordellng på 3,8 og en aktivitet (467) ble oppnådd.
Eksempel 3- 5
Eksemplene 3-5 ble gjennomført som eksempel 1 bortsett fra at metallocenene som er angitt i tabell 1 ble benyttet i stedet for metallocenet i eksempel 2. Resultatene av eksemplene er oppsummert i tabell 1.
Eksemplene 6- 8
Eksemplene 6-8 ble gjennomført som i eksempel 2 bortsett fra at 0,2 mg metallocen som angitt i tabell 2 og 9,0 cm<3 >alumoksan ble benyttet for å ha et forhold Al:Zr på 8 x IO<3>. Resultatene er oppsummert i tabell 2. De fysikalske egenskaper for et polyetylen bestemmes i sterk grad av polymermolekylvekten og polymerdensiteten. De foregående eksempler har vist at via llgandeffekten kan man kontrollere molekylvekten for polyetylenene. De følgende eksempler viser at ved hjelp av den samme llgandeffekt kan man kontrollere polymerdensiteten i kopolymerer som etylen-kopolymerer. I tillegg blir kontrollen av polymerdensiteten 1 de følgende eksempler demonstrert ved fikserte reaksjons-betingelser, noe som indikerer at densitetskontrollen styres av llgandeffektene på katalysatorreaktivitetsforholdene.
Eksempel 9
En reaktor av den ovenfor angitte type ble tørket og dioksy-genert med en nitrogenstrøm. 400 cm<3> tørr og avgasset toluen ble innført direkte i trykkbeholderen. 10 cm<3> alumoksan-oppløsning (0,8 mol med henblikk på total aluminium) ble injisert i beholderen via en gasstett kanyle gjennom septum-innløpet og blandingen ble omrørt ved 1200 omdr./min. og 50°C i 5 minutter ved et nitrogentrykk ved 0 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk. 20 cm<3> flytende propylen ved 25<*>C ble så tilsatt, noe som resulterte i et trykk på 8,87 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk. 0,113 mg bis(cyklopentadienyl)zirkoniumdimetyl i 10 ml toluen ble injisert gjennom septuminnløpet i beholderen. Etylen under 10,69 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk ble tilført og reaksjonsbeholderen holdt ved 50°C. Etylenet ble ført inn i beholderen i 30 minutter hvorefter reaksjonen ble stanset ved hurtig lufting og avkjøling av reaktoren. 66,0 g kopolymer med en grenseviskositet på 0,74 ble isolert og inneholdt 31 mol-% propylen. Densiteten var 0,854 g/cm<3> ved 23°C.
Eksempel 10
En reaktor av den ovenfor benyttede type ble tørket og dloksygenert som beskrevet. 400 cm<3> tørr avgasset toluen ble innført direkte i trykkbeholderen. 10 cm<3> alumoksanoppløsning (0,8 mol totalt aluminium) ble injisert i beholderen gjennom en gasstett kanyle gjennom septuminnløpet og blandingen omrørt ved 1200 omdr./min. og 50* C i 50 minutter ved et nitrogentrykk på 0 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk. 200 cm<3> flytende propylen ved 25°C ble tilført, noe som resulterte 1 et trykk på 8,87 kg/cm<2>.
0,102 mg dimetylsilyl-cyklopentadienyl-zirkoniumklorid i 10 ml toluen ble sprøytet inn gjennom septuminnløpet i beholderen. Etylen under et trykk på 10,71 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk ble tilført og reaksjonsbeholderen holdt ved 50'C. Etylenet ble ført inn i beholderen i 30 minutter hvorefter reaksjonen ble stanset ved hurtig lufting og avkjøling av reaktoren. Man oppnådde 12,0 g kopolymer med grenseviskositet på 0,52 og inneholdende 43 mol-# propylen. Densiteten var 0,854 g/cm<3> ved 23'C.
Eksempel 11
En reaktor som angitt ovenfor ble tørket og deoksygenert som beskrevet. 400 cm<3> tørr avgasset toluen ble innført direkte til trykkbeholderen. 10 cm<3> alumoksanoppløsning (0,8 mol totalt aluminium) ble injisert 1 beholderen ved hjelp av en gasstett kanyle gjennom septuminnløpet og blandingen ble omrørt ved 1200 omdr./min. og - 50°C i 5 minutter ved et nitrogentrykk på 0 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk.
Derefter ble 200 cm<3> flytende propylen ved 25 °C tilsatt, noe som resulterte i et trykk på 8,87 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk. 0,417 mg bis(pentametylcyklopentadienyl)zirkoniumdimetyl i 10 ml toluen ble injisert gjennom septuminnløpet i beholderen. Etylen under et trykk på 10,65 kg/cm<2> manometertrykk ble tilført og reaksjonsbeholderen holdt ved 50'C. Etylenet ble ført inn i beholderen i 25 minutter hvorefter reaksjonen ble stanset ved hurtig lufting og avkjøling av reaktoren. Man oppnådde 30,5 g kopolymer med grenseviskositet på 0,81 og Inneholdende 3,6 mol-5É propylen. Densiteten var 0,934 g/cm<3 >ved 23°C.
Claims (5)
1.
Katalysator for polymerisering av olefiner, karakterisert ved at den omfatter: a) et karben representert ved formelen
og dets derivat med formelen og et karben representert ved formelen og derivatene av dette karben
der Cp er en cyklopentadienyl- eller substituert cyklopenta-dienylrest og R''' er en alkyl-, aryl- eller alkylarylrest med fra 1-18 karbonatomer; eller en forbindelse med formelen
(C5R'm)p<R>"s(C5R'm)Me03_p eller R"s(C5R'm)2MeQ',
der Me er et gruppe 4b-, 5b- eller 6b-metall, (C5R'm) er cyklopentadienyl eller substituert cyklopentadienyl idet hver R' som kan være lik eller forskjellig er hydrogen, en alkyl-, alkenyl-, aryl-, alkylaryl- eller arylalkylrest med 1 til 20 karbonatomer eller to R' substltuenter sammen kan danne en C^C^-ring, R" er en C^-C^alkylenrest, en dialkylgermanium-eller silisium- eller alkylfosfin- eller aminrest som slår bro mellom to (C5R'm)-ringer idet hver Q som kan være lik eller forskjellig er en aryl-, alkyl-, alkenyl-, alkylaryl-eller arylalkylrest med fra 1 til 20 karbonatomer eller halogen, Q' er en alkylidenrest med fra 1 til 20 karbonatomer, s er 0 eller 1, p er 0, 1 eller 2; forutsatt at s er 0 når p er 0; m er 4 når s er 1; m er 5 når s er 0; og at minst en R' er en hydrokarbylrest når s=0 og Q er en alkyl-rest eller halogen, og b) et alumoksan.
2.
Katalysator ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at når p er 0 er 0 klor og R' er metyl, etyl eller butyl.
3.
Katalysator Ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at komponent a) er bis(cyklopentadienyl)titandifenyl, bis(cyklopentadienyl) Ti-CH2A1(CH3)2C1, bis(metylcyklopenta-dienyl)zirkoniumdiklorid, bis(etylcyklopentadienyl )-zir-koniumdiklorid, bis(3-fenylpropylcyklopentadienyl)-zirkonium-diklorid, bis(pentametylcyklopentadienyl)-zirkoniumdiklorid, bis(tetrametylcyklopentadienyl)-zirkoniumdimetyl, bis(etyl-cyklopentadienyl)-zirkoniumdimetyl eller etylen bis(4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindenyl)-titandiklorid.
4.
Fremgangsmåte for polymerisering av et eller flere olefiner, karakterisert ved at den omfatter å gjennomføre polymeriseringen i nærvær av et katalysatorsystem som beskrevet i kravene 1 til 3.
5.
Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 4, karakterisert ved at man som olefin anvender etylen eller et a-olefin med 3 til 8 karbonatomer pr. molekyl.
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US50168883A | 1983-06-06 | 1983-06-06 |
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NO167153B true NO167153B (no) | 1991-07-01 |
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- 1984-06-05 AU AU29108/84A patent/AU581849B2/en not_active Expired
- 1984-06-06 AR AR84296850A patent/AR244257A1/es active
- 1984-06-06 JP JP59116342A patent/JPH0737488B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-09-27 JP JP6257563A patent/JP2540451B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6035007A (ja) | 1985-02-22 |
JPH07268015A (ja) | 1995-10-17 |
JPH0737488B2 (ja) | 1995-04-26 |
AU2910884A (en) | 1984-12-13 |
EP0129368A1 (en) | 1984-12-27 |
EP0129368B2 (en) | 2002-04-03 |
JP2540451B2 (ja) | 1996-10-02 |
EP0129368B1 (en) | 1989-07-26 |
ZA844157B (en) | 1986-01-29 |
NO842256L (no) | 1984-12-07 |
AU581849B2 (en) | 1989-03-09 |
DE3479124D1 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
AR244257A1 (es) | 1993-10-29 |
ES8600330A1 (es) | 1985-10-01 |
ES533123A0 (es) | 1985-10-01 |
CA1260490A (en) | 1989-09-26 |
NO167153C (no) | 1991-10-09 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MK1K | Patent expired |