KR100424235B1 - 유기 전기발광 소자 - Google Patents
유기 전기발광 소자 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100424235B1 KR100424235B1 KR10-2000-7009429A KR20007009429A KR100424235B1 KR 100424235 B1 KR100424235 B1 KR 100424235B1 KR 20007009429 A KR20007009429 A KR 20007009429A KR 100424235 B1 KR100424235 B1 KR 100424235B1
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- organic compound
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- NZFNXWQNBYZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioridazine hydrochloride Chemical class Cl.C12=CC(SC)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1CCC1CCCCN1C NZFNXWQNBYZDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/47—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with a bicyclo ring system containing ten carbon atoms
- C07C13/48—Completely or partially hydrogenated naphthalenes
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- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/54—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings
- C07C13/547—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings at least one ring not being six-membered, the other rings being at the most six-membered
- C07C13/567—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings at least one ring not being six-membered, the other rings being at the most six-membered with a fluorene or hydrogenated fluorene ring system
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C13/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing rings other than, or in addition to, six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C13/28—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof
- C07C13/32—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings
- C07C13/54—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings
- C07C13/573—Polycyclic hydrocarbons or acyclic hydrocarbon derivatives thereof with condensed rings with three condensed rings with three six-membered rings
- C07C13/60—Completely or partially hydrogenated phenanthrenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C15/00—Cyclic hydrocarbons containing only six-membered aromatic rings as cyclic parts
- C07C15/12—Polycyclic non-condensed hydrocarbons
- C07C15/14—Polycyclic non-condensed hydrocarbons all phenyl groups being directly linked
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- C07C15/20—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons
- C07C15/27—Polycyclic condensed hydrocarbons containing three rings
- C07C15/28—Anthracenes
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/57—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/58—Naphthylamines; N-substituted derivatives thereof
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C39/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C39/12—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings
- C07C39/15—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic with no unsaturation outside the aromatic rings with all hydroxy groups on non-condensed rings, e.g. phenylphenol
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
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- H10K71/311—Purifying organic semiconductor materials
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- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
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- C09K2211/1011—Condensed systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1014—Carbocyclic compounds bridged by heteroatoms, e.g. N, P, Si or B
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Abstract
Description
분리모드 | 분리기능 | 주요한 충전제 |
분배 크로마토그래피 | 용해도 | 화학결합형 실리카겔중합체 겔, 카본화학결합형 다공질 유리 |
흡착 크로마토그래피 | 흡착력 | 실리카겔, 알루미나다공질 유리, 카본 |
이온 교환 크로마토그래피 | 이온 교환성 | 이온 교환성 폴리스티렌 겔이온 교환성 화학 결합형 실리카 겔이온 교환성 친수성 중합체 겔 |
크기 배제 크로마토그래피 | 분자 크기 | 폴리스티렌 겔친수성 중합체 겔화학 결합형 실리카 겔 |
친화성 크로마토그래피 | 생화학적 친화성 | 리간드 결합형 친수성 중합체리간드 결합형 실리카 겔 |
실시예 | 정공 주입 재료(MTDATA) | 정공 수송 재료(NPD) | 도판트(DPAVBi) | 발광 재료(DPVTP) | 전자 수송 재료(ALQ) | 반감 수명(시간),초기 농도 100cd/m2 |
1 | 승화품 | 승화품 | 정제품 | 승화품 | 정제품 | 7000 |
2 | 승화품 | 승화품 | 정제품 | 미정제품 | 정제품 | 5000 |
3 | 승화품 | 미정제품 | 정제품 | 승화품 | 정제품 | 6000 |
4 | 미정제품 | 승화품 | 정제품 | 승화품 | 정제품 | 4000 |
5 | 미정제품 | 미정제품 | 정제품 | 승화품 | 정제품 | 3500 |
6 | 미정제품 | 승화품 | 정제품 | 미정제품 | 정제품 | 3500 |
7 | 승화품 | 미정제품 | 정제품 | 미정제품 | 정제품 | 3000 |
Claims (12)
- 한 쌍의 전극 사이에 끼어있는 유기 발광층을 하나 이상 포함하는 유기 화합물 층을 갖는 유기 전기발광 소자로서, 하나 이상의 유기 화합물 층을 할로겐 함유 화합물로 이루어진 불순물의 농도가 1000ppm 미만인 유기 화합물 재료로 형성하고, 상기 유기 화합물 재료가 페닐안트라센 유도체인 유기 전기발광 소자.
- 한 쌍의 전극 사이에 끼어있는 유기 발광층을 하나 이상 포함하는 유기 화합물 층을 갖는 유기 전기발광 소자로서, 하나 이상의 유기 화합물 층을 할로겐 함유 화합물로 이루어진 불순물의 농도가 1000ppm 미만인 유기 화합물 재료로 형성하고, 상기 유기 화합물 재료가 하기 화학식 A, B, C, D, E 및 F의 화합물 중에서 선택된 1종 이상의 것인 유기 전기발광 소자:화학식 A화학식 B[상기 식에서,R1및 R2는 각각 독립적으로 알킬기, 시클로알킬기, 아릴기, 알케닐기, 알콕시기, 아릴옥시기, 아미노기 또는 헤테로환기를 나타내고, 이들은 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고;r1및 r2는 각각 독립적으로 0 또는 1 내지 5의 정수를 나타내거나;r1및 r2가 각각 독립적으로 2 이상의 정수인 경우, R1끼리 및 R2끼리는 각각 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며, R1끼리 및 R2끼리는 결합하여 고리를 형성할 수 있고;L1은 단일 결합 또는 아릴렌기를 나타내며, 이때 아릴렌기는 알킬렌기, -O- , -S- 또는 -NR-(여기서 R은 알킬기 또는 아릴기를 나타냄)이 삽입될 수 있고;R3및 R4는 각각 독립적으로 알킬기, 시클로알킬기, 아릴기, 알케닐기, 알콕시기, 아릴옥시기, 아미노기 또는 헤테로환기를 나타내며, 이들은 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고;r3및 r4는 각각 독립적으로 0 또는 1 내지 5의 정수를 나타내거나;r3및 r4가 각각 독립적으로 2 이상의 정수인 경우, R3끼리 및 R4끼리는 각각 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고, R3끼리 및 R4끼리는 결합하여 고리를 형성할 수 있고;L2는 단일 결합 또는 아릴렌기를 나타내며, 아릴렌기는 알킬렌기, -O-, -S- 또는 -NR-(여기서 R은 알킬기 또는 아릴기를 나타냄)이 삽입될 수 있다.]화학식 C[상기 식에서, A1내지 A4는 각각 독립적으로 탄소수 6 내지 16의 아릴기를 나타내고, 이때 아릴기는 수소 원자, 알킬기, 알콕시기, 아릴기 또는 아미노기에 의해 치환될 수 있고;A는 단결합, 아릴렌기 또는 폴리아릴렌기이며 치환될 수 있다.]화학식 D[상기 식에서, Ar은 각각 독립적으로 아릴렌기 또는 폴리아릴렌기이고;R5내지 R7은 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자, 알킬기 또는 아릴기이고;n은 1 내지 6의 정수이다.]화학식 E[상기 식에서, Ar1내지 Ar4는 각각 독립적으로 아릴기이며, 하나 이상은 하기에 나타내는 스티릴기로 치환되어 있다:상기 식에서, R8내지 R10은 각각 독립적으로 수소, 알킬기 또는 아릴기이다.]화학식 F[상기 식에서, Ar', Ar", X 및 Y는 각각 독립적으로 아릴기를 나타낸다.].
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,할로겐 함유 화합물이 할로겐 화합물인 유기 전기발광 소자.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,유기 화합물 층이 정공 주입층, 유기 발광층 및 전자 주입층으로 구성되는 유기 전기발광 소자.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,유기 화합물 층을 형성하는 유기 화합물 재료중 하나 이상의 재료가 승화 정제법에 의해 정제된 유기 화합물 재료인 유기 전기발광 소자.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,유기 화합물 층을 형성하는 유기 화합물 재료중 하나 이상의 재료가 재결정법 또는 재침전 정제법, 또는 재결정법과 재침전 정제법의 병용에 의해 정제된 유기 화합물 재료인 유기 전기발광 소자.
- 유기 화합물 층을 형성하는 유기 화합물 재료중의 할로겐 함유 화합물로 이루어진 불순물의 함유량을 고속 액체 크로마토그래피법에 의해 정량하고, 상기 불순물의 함유량이 1000ppm 미만인 유기 화합물 재료를 선정하여 유기 화합물 층의 형성 재료로 사용하고, 상기 유기 화합물 재료가 페닐안트라센 유도체인, 유기 전기발광 소자용 유기 화합물 재료의 선정 방법.
- 유기 화합물 층을 형성하는 유기 화합물 재료중 하나 이상에 있어서, 상기 유기 화합물 재료중의 할로겐 함유 화합물로 이루어진 불순물의 함유량을 정량하고, 상기 불순물의 함유량이 1000ppm 미만인 유기 화합물 재료를 선정하여 유기 화합물 층의 형성 재료로 사용하고, 상기 유기 화합물 재료가 페닐안트라센 유도체인, 유기 전기발광 소자용 유기 화합물 재료의 선정 방법.
- 삭제
- 유기 화합물 층을 형성하는 유기 화합물 재료중의 할로겐 함유 화합물로 이루어진 불순물의 함유량을 고속 액체 크로마토그래피법에 의해 정량하여, 상기 불순물의 함유량이 1OOOppm 미만인 유기 화합물 재료를 선정하여 유기 화합물 층의 형성 재료로 사용하고, 상기 유기 화합물 재료가 하기 화학식 A, B, C, D, E 및 F의 화합물 중에서 선택된 1종 이상의 것인, 유기 전기 발광 소자용 유기 화합물 재료의 선정 방법:화학식 A화학식 B[상기 식에서,R1및 R2는 각각 독립적으로 알킬기, 시클로알킬기, 아릴기, 알케닐기, 알콕시기, 아릴옥시기, 아미노기 또는 헤테로환기를 나타내고, 이들은 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고;r1및 r2는 각각 독립적으로 0 또는 1 내지 5의 정수를 나타내거나;r1및 r2가 각각 독립적으로 2 이상의 정수인 경우, R1끼리 및 R2끼리는 각각 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며, R1끼리 및 R2끼리는 결합하여 고리를 형성할 수 있고;L1은 단일 결합 또는 아릴렌기를 나타내며, 이때 아릴렌기는 알킬렌기, -O- , -S- 또는 -NR-(여기서 R은 알킬기 또는 아릴기를 나타냄)이 삽입될 수 있고;R3및 R4는 각각 독립적으로 알킬기, 시클로알킬기, 아릴기, 알케닐기, 알콕시기, 아릴옥시기, 아미노기 또는 헤테로환기를 나타내며, 이들은 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고;r3및 r4는 각각 독립적으로 0 또는 1 내지 5의 정수를 나타내거나;r3및 r4가 각각 독립적으로 2 이상의 정수인 경우, R3끼리 및 R4끼리는 각각 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고, R3끼리 및 R4끼리는 결합하여 고리를 형성할 수 있고;L2는 단일 결합 또는 아릴렌기를 나타내며, 아릴렌기는 알킬렌기, -O-, -S- 또는 -NR-(여기서 R은 알킬기 또는 아릴기를 나타냄)이 삽입될 수 있다.]화학식 C[상기 식에서, A1내지 A4는 각각 독립적으로 탄소수 6 내지 16의 아릴기를 나타내고, 이때 아릴기는 수소 원자, 알킬기, 알콕시기, 아릴기 또는 아미노기에 의해 치환될 수 있고;A는 단결합, 아릴렌기 또는 폴리아릴렌기이며 치환될 수 있다.]화학식 D[상기 식에서, Ar은 각각 독립적으로 아릴렌기 또는 폴리아릴렌기이고;R5내지 R7은 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자, 알킬기 또는 아릴기이고;n은 1 내지 6의 정수이다.]화학식 E[상기 식에서, Ar1내지 Ar4는 각각 독립적으로 아릴기이며, 하나 이상은 하기에 나타내는 스티릴기로 치환되어 있다:상기 식에서, R8내지 R10은 각각 독립적으로 수소, 알킬기 또는 아릴기이다.]화학식 F[상기 식에서, Ar', Ar", X 및 Y는 각각 독립적으로 아릴기를 나타낸다.].
- 유기 화합물 층을 형성하는 유기 화합물 재료중 하나 이상에 있어서, 상기 유기 화합물 재료중의 할로겐 함유 화합물로 이루어진 불순물의 함유량을 정량하고, 상기 불순물의 함유량이 1000ppm 미만인 유기 화합물 재료를 선정하여 유기 화합물 층의 형성 재료로 사용하고, 상기 유기 화합물 재료가 하기 화학식 A, B, C, D, E 및 F의 화합물 중에서 선택된 1종 이상의 것인, 유기 전기발광 소자용 유기 화합물 재료의 선정 방법:화학식 A화학식 B[상기 식에서,R1및 R2는 각각 독립적으로 알킬기, 시클로알킬기, 아릴기, 알케닐기, 알콕시기, 아릴옥시기, 아미노기 또는 헤테로환기를 나타내고, 이들은 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고;r1및 r2는 각각 독립적으로 0 또는 1 내지 5의 정수를 나타내거나;r1및 r2가 각각 독립적으로 2 이상의 정수인 경우, R1끼리 및 R2끼리는 각각 동일하거나 상이할 수 있으며, R1끼리 및 R2끼리는 결합하여 고리를 형성할 수 있고;L1은 단일 결합 또는 아릴렌기를 나타내며, 이때 아릴렌기는 알킬렌기, -O- , -S- 또는 -NR-(여기서 R은 알킬기 또는 아릴기를 나타냄)이 삽입될 수 있고;R3및 R4는 각각 독립적으로 알킬기, 시클로알킬기, 아릴기, 알케닐기, 알콕시기, 아릴옥시기, 아미노기 또는 헤테로환기를 나타내며, 이들은 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고;r3및 r4는 각각 독립적으로 0 또는 1 내지 5의 정수를 나타내거나;r3및 r4가 각각 독립적으로 2 이상의 정수인 경우, R3끼리 및 R4끼리는 각각 동일하거나 상이할 수 있고, R3끼리 및 R4끼리는 결합하여 고리를 형성할 수 있고;L2는 단일 결합 또는 아릴렌기를 나타내며, 아릴렌기는 알킬렌기, -O-, -S- 또는 -NR-(여기서 R은 알킬기 또는 아릴기를 나타냄)이 삽입될 수 있다.]화학식 C[상기 식에서, A1내지 A4는 각각 독립적으로 탄소수 6 내지 16의 아릴기를 나타내고, 이때 아릴기는 수소 원자, 알킬기, 알콕시기, 아릴기 또는 아미노기에 의해 치환될 수 있고;A는 단결합, 아릴렌기 또는 폴리아릴렌기이며 치환될 수 있다.]화학식 D[상기 식에서, Ar은 각각 독립적으로 아릴렌기 또는 폴리아릴렌기이고;R5내지 R7은 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자, 알킬기 또는 아릴기이고;n은 1 내지 6의 정수이다.]화학식 E[상기 식에서, Ar1내지 Ar4는 각각 독립적으로 아릴기이며, 하나 이상은 하기에 나타내는 스티릴기로 치환되어 있다:상기 식에서, R8내지 R10은 각각 독립적으로 수소, 알킬기 또는 아릴기이다.]화학식 F[상기 식에서, Ar', Ar", X 및 Y는 각각 독립적으로 아릴기를 나타낸다.].
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,할로겐 함유 화합물로 이루어진 불순물의 농도가 500ppm 미만인 유기 화합물 재료로 형성되는 유기 전기발광 소자.
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- 1999-12-22 DE DE69943334T patent/DE69943334D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-22 KR KR10-2003-7011269A patent/KR100461474B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-22 US US09/623,042 patent/US6617051B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-22 EP EP99961303A patent/EP1063869B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1999-12-22 KR KR10-2000-7009429A patent/KR100424235B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-22 CN CNA2006101641535A patent/CN1962810A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-22 EP EP10179865A patent/EP2270117A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-22 WO PCT/JP1999/007201 patent/WO2000041443A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1999-12-22 CN CNB998055840A patent/CN1298061C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-22 TW TW088122670A patent/TWI245064B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH05140145A (ja) * | 1991-11-12 | 1993-06-08 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 環状化合物,その製造方法およびそれからなる有機エレクトロルミネツセンス素子 |
JPH07282977A (ja) * | 1994-04-01 | 1995-10-27 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料およびそれを使用した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 |
JPH09255774A (ja) * | 1996-03-25 | 1997-09-30 | Kemipuro Kasei Kk | トリフェニルアミン含有ポリエーテルケトン、その製法およびそれを用いた有機el素子 |
JPH1025472A (ja) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-27 | Futaba Corp | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子および有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子材料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060159959A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
WO2000041443A1 (fr) | 2000-07-13 |
CN1298623A (zh) | 2001-06-06 |
EP1063869A4 (en) | 2006-07-26 |
KR20030076712A (ko) | 2003-09-26 |
CN1962810A (zh) | 2007-05-16 |
US6617051B1 (en) | 2003-09-09 |
EP1063869A1 (en) | 2000-12-27 |
KR20010083772A (ko) | 2001-09-01 |
EP2270117A3 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
CN1298061C (zh) | 2007-01-31 |
JP3290432B2 (ja) | 2002-06-10 |
KR100461474B1 (ko) | 2004-12-16 |
EP1063869B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
CN1966607A (zh) | 2007-05-23 |
DE69943334D1 (de) | 2011-05-19 |
TWI245064B (en) | 2005-12-11 |
US7045950B2 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
EP2270117A2 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
US20040007971A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
CN1962583A (zh) | 2007-05-16 |
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