JPWO2007094275A1 - 硬化性組成物 - Google Patents
硬化性組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2007094275A1 JPWO2007094275A1 JP2008500487A JP2008500487A JPWO2007094275A1 JP WO2007094275 A1 JPWO2007094275 A1 JP WO2007094275A1 JP 2008500487 A JP2008500487 A JP 2008500487A JP 2008500487 A JP2008500487 A JP 2008500487A JP WO2007094275 A1 JPWO2007094275 A1 JP WO2007094275A1
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- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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Abstract
Description
(特許文献3)、(特許文献4)、(特許文献5)、(特許文献6)、(特許文献7)では、シラノール縮合触媒として、カルボン酸錫塩やその他のカルボン酸金属塩が開示されており、更に、助触媒としてアミン化合物を添加することで、硬化性が向上することが開示されている。また、環境への負荷を考慮すると、実質的に金属を含有しない硬化触媒が望まれており、(特許文献8)では、アミン化合物をカルボン酸と併用することで、金属非含有のシラノール縮合触媒が得られることが開示されている。
また、上記特許に記載されている非有機錫系触媒を用いた場合、有機錫系触媒を用いた場合に比べると、接着性が劣る傾向にあるという問題があった。
(C)一般式(1):
R2N=CNR3 2−NR4 2 (1)
(R2、2つのR3および2つのR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または有機基である。)で表されるグアニジン化合物を含有してなる硬化性組成物であって、(A)成分/(B)成分の重量比が1/99〜80/20であり、(A)成分と(B)成分の合計100重量部に対して(C)成分が0.1〜30重量部、であることを特徴とする非有機錫系硬化性組成物に関する。
本発明の硬化性組成物は、近年、毒性が指摘されている4価の有機錫化合物を含有することなく、実用的な表面硬化性、深部硬化性を有しており、さらに硬化した後は、伸張した場合に十分な強度と伸びを発現し、長期間良好な耐候性を維持するものである。
有機重合体(A)中の反応性ケイ素基としては、一般式(2):
−SiR1X1 2 (2)
(R1は炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基または−OSi(R’)3(R’は、それぞれ独立に炭素数1〜20の炭化水素基である。)のいずれかである。また2つのX1はそれぞれ独立に水酸基または加水分解性基のいずれかである。)で表される基があげられる。
−SiX2 3 (3)
(3つのX2はそれぞれ独立に水酸基または加水分解性基のいずれかである。)で表される基があげられる。
有機重合体(B)は、一般式(3)で表される構造以外の反応性ケイ素基を同一分子内に有していても良い。すなわち、有機重合体(B)中には、一般式(3)で表される反応性ケイ素基以外に、有機重合体(A)中に含まれる一般式(2)で表される反応性ケイ素基をさらに含んでもよい。
−R10−O− (4)
(R10は炭素原子数1から14の直鎖状もしくは分岐状アルキレン基である。)で示される繰り返し単位を有する重合体である。
(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体は、(メタ)アクリル酸エステル化合物と、これと共重合可能なビニル化合物の共重合体を含む。ビニル化合物としては、特に限定されず、たとえば、スチレン、ビニルトルエン、α−メチルスチレン、クロルスチレン、スチレンスルホン酸及びその塩などのスチレン系化合物;ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシランなどのケイ素基を有するビニル系化合物;無水マレイン酸、マレイン酸、マレイン酸のモノアルキルエステル類及びジアルキルエステル類;フマル酸、フマル酸のモノアルキルエステル類及びジアルキルエステル類;マレイミド、メチルマレイミド、エチルマレイミド、プロピルマレイミド、ブチルマレイミド、ヘキシルマレイミド、オクチルマレイミド、ドデシルマレイミド、ステアリルマレイミド、フェニルマレイミド、シクロヘキシルマレイミドなどのマレイミド系化合物;アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリルなどのニトリル基を有するビニル系化合物;アクリルアミド、メタクリルアミドなどのアミド基を有するビニル系化合物;酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、ピバリン酸ビニル、安息香酸ビニル、桂皮酸ビニルなどのビニルエステル類;エチレン、プロピレンなどのアルケン類;ブタジエン、イソプレンなどの共役ジエン類;塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、塩化アリル、アリルアルコールなどがあげられ、これらは、複数を共重合成分として使用することも可能である。
(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体の製造方法としては、特に限定されず、公知の方法があげられる。このなかでも、高い割合で分子鎖末端に架橋性官能基を導入しやすいこと、分子量分布が狭く、粘度が低い重合体が得られることなどから、リビングラジカル重合法を用いることが好ましい。
−CH2−C(R11)(COOR12)− (5)
(式中、R11は水素原子またはメチル基、R12は炭素原子数1から8のアルキル基である。)で示される炭素原子数1から8のアルキル基を有する繰り返し単位と、一般式(6):
−CH2−C(R11)(COOR13)− (6)
(式中、R11は前記に同じ、R13は炭素原子数9以上のアルキル基である。)で示される炭素原子数9以上のアルキル基を有する繰り返し単位とからなる共重合体があげられる。
(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系共重合体は実質的に一般式(5)及び一般式(6)記載の繰り返し単位から構成される。ここで、「実質的に」とは共重合体中に占める、一般式(5)、(6)記載の繰り返し単位からなる重合体の割合が50重量%をこえることを意味し、共重合体に占める一般式(5)、(6)記載の繰り返し単位からなる重合体の割合は70重量%以上が好ましい。
(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系共重合体は、一般式(6)、(5)記載の繰り返し単位として使用される(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系化合物と、これと共重合可能なビニル化合物の共重合体を含む。
有機重合体(A)の主鎖骨格中には、必要に応じ本発明の効果を大きく損なわない範囲で、前記以外の、たとえばウレタン結合を持つ繰り返し単位が存在してもよい。
−NR14−C(=O)− (7)
(R14は水素原子または有機基である。)で示される有機基をいう。
W−R15−SiR16 3−aX3 a (8)
(ただし、式中、R15は2価の有機基であり、より好ましくは炭素原子数1から20の2価の炭化水素基である。(3−a)個のR16は水素原子または有機基であり、a個のX3は水酸基または加水分解性基であり、aは2または3である。Wは水酸基、カルボキシル基、メルカプト基およびアミノ基(1級または2級)からなる群より選択される、少なくとも1つの活性水素を有する基である。)で示されるケイ素化合物中のWを反応させる方法があげられる。
O=C=N−R15−SiR16 3−aX3 a (9)
(ただし、式中、R15、R16、X3、aは一般式(8)の表記と同じ。)で示される反応性ケイ素基を有するイソシアネート化合物のイソシアネート基を反応させる方法があげられる。
これらのなかでも、硬化性組成物の硬化性および貯蔵安定性が良好なことからは、ジメトキシメチルシリル基が最も好ましい。
また、反応性ケイ素基の加水分解反応に伴って生成するアルコールが、安全性の高いエタノールであることからは、ジエトキシメチルシリル基およびジエトキシエチルシリル基が好ましい。
また、反応性ケイ素基の加水分解反応に伴って生成するアルコールが、安全性の高いエタノールであることからはトリエトキシシリル基が好ましい。
(イ)分子中に水酸基などの官能基を有する重合体に、この官能基に対して反応性を示す活性基および不飽和基を有する有機化合物を反応させ、不飽和基を有する重合体を得る。
もしくは、不飽和基を有するエポキシ化合物との共重合により不飽和基を有する重合体を得る。ついで得られた反応生成物に反応性ケイ素基を有するヒドロシランを作用させてヒドロシリル化する方法。
(ロ)(イ)の方法と同様にして得られた不飽和基を有する有機重合体にメルカプト基および反応性ケイ素基を有する化合物を反応させる方法。
(ハ)分子中に水酸基、エポキシ基やイソシアネート基などの官能基を有する有機重合体に、この官能基に対して反応性を示す官能基および反応性ケイ素基を有する化合物を反応させる方法。
(イ)の方法において使用されるヒドロシラン化合物としては、特に限定されず、たとえば、トリクロロシラン、メチルジクロロシラン、ジメチルクロロシラン、フェニルジクロロシランなどのハロゲン化ヒドロシラン類;トリメトキシシラン、トリエトキシシラン、メチルジエトキシシラン、メチルジメトキシシラン、フェニルジメトキシシラン、1−[2−(トリメトキシシリル)エチル]−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルジシロキサンのようなアルコキシシラン類;メチルジアセトキシシラン、フェニルジアセトキシシランなどのアシロキシヒドロシラン類;ビス(ジメチルケトキシメート)メチルシラン、ビス(シクロヘキシルケトキシメート)メチルシランなどのケトキシメートヒドロシラン類などがあげられる。これらのなかでは、ハロゲン化ヒドロシラン類、アルコキシヒドロシラン類が好ましく、得られる有機重合体(A)および有機重合体(B)を主成分とする硬化性組成物が、加水分解性が穏やかで取り扱いやすいことから、アルコキシヒドロシラン類がより好ましい。前記アルコキシヒドロシラン類の中でも、入手が容易なこと、得られる有機重合体(A)および有機重合体(B)を主成分とする硬化性組成物および硬化物の諸特性(硬化性、貯蔵安定性、伸び特性、引張強度など)が優れることから、メチルジメトキシシランが好ましい。
(ロ)の合成方法としては、特に限定されず、たとえば、メルカプト基および反応性ケイ素基を有する化合物を、ラジカル開始剤および/またはラジカル発生源存在下でのラジカル付加反応によって、有機重合体の不飽和結合部位に導入する方法などがあげられる。メルカプト基および反応性ケイ素基を有する化合物としては、特に限定されず、たとえば、γ−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ−メルカプトプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ−メルカプトプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、メルカプトメチルトリメトキシシラン、メルカプトメチルトリエトキシシランなどがあげられる。
(ハ)の合成方法のなかで末端に水酸基を有する重合体とイソシアネート基および反応性ケイ素基を有する化合物を反応させる方法としては、特に限定されず、たとえば、特開平3−47825号公報に開示される方法などがあげられる。イソシアネート基および反応性ケイ素基を有する化合物としては、特に限定されず、たとえば、γ−イソシアネートプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−イソシアネートプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ−イソシアネートプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ−イソシアネートプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、イソシアネートメチルトリメトキシシラン、イソシアネートメチルトリエトキシシラン、イソシアネートメチルジメトキシメチルシラン、イソシアネートメチルジエトキシメチルシランなどがあげられる。
H−(SiR17 2O)mSiR17 2−R18−SiX4 3 (10)
(式中、3個のX4はそれぞれ独立に水酸基、または加水分解性基である。(2m+2)個のR17は、それぞれ独立に、炭化水素基であり、入手性およびコストの点から、炭素原子数1から20の炭化水素基が好ましく、炭素原子数1から8の炭化水素基がより好ましく、炭素原子数1から4の炭化水素基が特に好ましい。R18は2価の有機基であり、入手性およびコストの点から、炭素原子数1から12の2価の炭化水素基が好ましく、炭素原子数2から8の2価の炭化水素基がより好ましく、炭素原子数2の2価の炭化水素基が特に好ましい。また、mは、0から19の整数であり、入手性およびコストの点から、1が好ましい。)で示されるシラン化合物は、不均化反応が進まない。
このため、(イ)の合成法で、1つのケイ素原子に3個の加水分解性基が結合している基を導入する場合には、一般式(10)記載のシラン化合物を用いることが好ましい。
−NR3 2基が、−N=C(NR8 2)−NR9 2基(2個のR8および2個のR9は、前記に同じ。)の場合、接着性および入手性の点から、R5、R6および2個のR7は、水素原子または炭素原子数1から20の炭化水素基が好ましく、水素原子または炭素原子数1から10の炭化水素基がより好ましい。
(ビグアニド化合物を含む)グアニジン化合物(C)としては、特に限定されず。たとえば、2−アミノピリミジン、2−アミノ−4,6−ジメチルピリミジン等のピリミジン化合物;1,3−ジメチル−2−イミノイミダゾリジン、1−メチル−2−イミノイミダゾリジン−4−オン等のイミダゾリン化合物;グアニジン、ジシアンジアミド、1−メチルグアニジン、1−エチルグアニジン、1−シクロヘキシルグアニジン、1−フェニルグアニジン、1,1−ジメチルグアニジン、1,3−ジメチルグアニジン、1,2−ジフェニルグアニジン、1,1−ジ−o−トリルグアニジン、1,2−ビス(o−トリル)グアニジン、1,1,3−トリメチルグアニジン、1,2,3−トリメチルグアニジン、1,1,3,3−テトラメチルグアニジン、1,1,2,3,3−ペンタメチルグアニジン、2−エチル−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルグアニジン、1,1,3,3−テトラメチル−2−n−プロピルグアニジン、1,1,3,3−テトラメチル−2−イソプロピルグアニジン、2−n−ブチル−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルグアニジン、2−tert−ブチル−1,1,3,3−テトラメチルグアニジン、1,2,3−トリシクロヘキシルグアニジン、1−ベンジル−2,3−ジメチルグアニジン、1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、7−メチル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、7−エチル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、7−n−プロピル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、7−イソプロピル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、7−n−ブチル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、7−シクロヘキシル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、7−n−オクチル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン等のグアニジン化合物;ビグアニド、1−メチルビグアニド、1−エチルビグアニド、1−n−ブチルビグアニド、1−(2−エチルヘキシル)ビグアニド、1−n−オクタデシルビグアニド、1,1−ジメチルビグアニド、1,1−ジエチルビグアニド、1−シクロヘキシルビグアニド、1−アリルビグアニド、1−フェニルビグアニド、1−(o−トリル)ビグアニド、1−モルホリノビグアニド、1−n−ブチル−N2−エチルビグアニド、1,1’−エチレンビスビグアニド、1,5−エチレンビグアニド、1−[3−(ジエチルアミノ)プロピル]ビグアニド、1−[3−(ジブチルアミノ)プロピル]ビグアニド、N’,N’’−ジヘキシル−3,12−ジイミノ−2,4,11,13−テトラアザテトラデカンジアミジン等のビグアニド化合物、等が挙げられる。
また、入手が容易なこと、(A)成分と(B)成分に対して良好な硬化性を示すこと、および得られる硬化物が優れた接着性を示すことから、1−フェニルグアニジン、1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、7−メチル−1,5,7−トリアザビシクロ[4.4.0]デカ−5−エン、1−(o−トリル)ビグアニドが好ましく、1−(o−トリル)ビグアニドがより好ましい。
グアニジン化合物(C)の配合量としては、(A)成分の有機重合体と(B)成分の有機重合体の合計100重量部に対して、0.1〜30重量部が好ましく、更には0.1〜12重量部がより好ましい。
これらの硬化触媒を併用させることにより、触媒活性が高くなり、深部硬化性、薄層硬化性、接着性等の改善が期待される。しかしながら、有機錫化合物は添加量に応じて、得られる硬化性組成物の毒性が高くなる場合があるため、本発明の硬化性組成物には、有機錫化合物の添加量は少ないことが好ましい。
有機錫の使用量としては、(A)成分と(B)成分の合計100重量部に対して、5重量部以下が好ましく、0.5重量部以下がより好ましく、0.05重量部以下が更に好ましく、実質的に含有していないことが特に好ましい。更に、環境への負荷を考慮すると、有機錫以外の金属化合物の添加量も少ないことが好ましい。有機錫以外の金属化合物の使用量としては、10重量部以下が好ましく、5重量部以下がより好ましく、実質的に含有していないことが特に好ましい。
ここで接着性付与剤とは、分子中に加水分解性ケイ素基とそれ以外の官能基を有する化合物で、硬化性組成物中の配合することにより、得られる硬化物の各種被着体に対する接着性の改善効果を示したり、硬化性組成物中に含まれる水分を除く(脱水)効果を示すものである。また、接着性付与剤は、前記の効果に加え物性調整剤、無機充填材の分散性改良剤などとして機能し得る化合物である。
なお、炭酸カルシウムを添加する場合は、比表面積が大きいものほど得られる硬化物の破断強度、破断伸び、接着性の改善傾向は大きくなる。これらの充填剤は1種類のみを添加してもよいし、複数種を組み合わせて添加してもよい。
材料としては、シーリング材に用いられるものであれば特に限定されず、たとえば、ウレタン樹脂、シリコーン、変成シリコーン、多硫化ゴムなどがあげられる。このなかでも、変成シリコーン系のシーリング材硬化物粒子が好ましい。
粘着性付与樹脂としては、常温で固体、液体を問わず通常使用されるものであれば特に限定されず、たとえば、スチレン系ブロック共重合体、その水素添加物、フェノール系樹脂、変性フェノール系樹脂(例えば、カシューオイル変性フェノール系樹脂、トール油変性フェノール系樹脂など)、テルペンフェノール系樹脂、キシレン−フェノール系樹脂、シクロペンタジエン−フェノール系樹脂、クマロンインデン系樹脂、ロジン系樹脂、ロジンエステル系樹脂、水添ロジンエステル系樹脂、キシレン系樹脂、低分子量ポリスチレン系樹脂、スチレン共重合体樹脂、石油樹脂(例えば、C5炭化水素系樹脂、C9炭化水素系樹脂、C5C9炭化水素共重合樹脂など)、水添石油樹脂、テルペン系樹脂、DCPD樹脂石油樹脂などがあげられる。これらは1種類のみを添加してもよく、複数種を組み合わせて添加しても良い。
物性調整剤としては、特に限定されず、たとえば、メチルトリメトキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、トリメチルメトキシシラン、n−プロピルトリメトキシシランなどのアルキルアルコキシシラン類;ジメチルジイソプロペノキシシラン、メチルトリイソプロペノキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルメチルジイソプロペノキシシランなどのアルキルイソプロペノキシシラン;γ−グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルジメチルメトキシシラン、γ−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N−(β−アミノエチル)アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ−メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシランなどの官能基を有するアルコキシシラン類;シリコーンワニス類;ポリシロキサン類などがあげられ、これらは1種類のみを添加してもよく、複数種を混合添加しても良い。
上記と同様、1H−NMRの測定の結果、末端のトリメトキシシリル基は1分子あたり平均して2.1個であった。
Claims (7)
- (A)分子中に式−SiR1X1 2(R1は炭素数1〜20のアルキル基、炭素数6〜20のアリール基、炭素数7〜20のアラルキル基のいずれかである。また2つのX1はそれぞれ独立に水酸基または加水分解性基のいずれかである。)で表される反応性ケイ素基を含有する有機重合体、
(B)分子中に式−SiX2 3(3つのX2は、それぞれ独立に水酸基、または加水分解性基のいずれかである。)で表される反応性ケイ素基を含有し、主鎖骨格が(A)成分と異なる繰り返し単位を有する有機重合体、及び
(C)一般式(1):
R2N=CNR3 2−NR4 2 (1)
(R2、2つのR3および2つのR4は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または有機基である。)で表されるグアニジン化合物を含有してなる硬化性組成物であって、(A)成分/(B)成分の重量比が1/99〜80/20であり、(A)成分と(B)成分の合計100重量部に対して(C)成分が0.1〜30重量部、であることを特徴とする非有機錫系硬化性組成物。 - (A)成分の有機重合体および(B)成分の有機重合体の主鎖骨格が、一方がポリオキシアルキレンで、かつ他方が(メタ)アクリル酸エステル系重合体である、請求項1に記載の硬化性組成物。
- (C)成分が、前記一般式(1)において、R2は1位の炭素原子が飽和である炭化水素基または水素原子であるグアニジン化合物、である請求項1〜2のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
- (C)成分が、前記一般式(1)において、−NR3 2基は−NR5−C(=NR6)−NR7 2基(但し、R5、R6および2つのR7は、それぞれ独立に水素原子または有機基である。)、および/または、−N=C(NR8 2)−NR9 2基(但し、2つのR8および2つのR9は、それぞれ独立に水素原子または有機基である。)で表されるビグアニド化合物、である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
- さらに、(D)成分として、ポリエーテル系可塑剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物を用いてなるシーリング材。
- 請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載の硬化性組成物を用いてなる接着剤。
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