JP2017192796A - 粒子治療の制御 - Google Patents
粒子治療の制御 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】例示的な粒子治療システムは、患者の位置に対して回転可能であるガントリーと、ガントリーに取り付けられ、粒子ビームを患者の位置に実質的直接的に出力するための粒子加速器と、処方箋を受け取り、粒子治療システムの1つ又は複数の動作特性を構成するための機械命令を生成する制御システムとを備える。これらの動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つは、患者の位置に対するガントリーの回転角に関係する。
【選択図】図30
Description
本明細書では、2012年9月28日に出願した米国仮出願第61/707,624号明細書の優先権が主張される。米国仮出願第61/707,624号明細書の内容は、参照により本開示に組み込まれる。
本明細書では、陽子又はイオン治療システムなどの、粒子治療システムの一例について説明する。粒子治療システムは、ガントリー上に取り付けられた粒子加速器−−この例では、シンクロサイクロトロン−−を含む。ガントリーは、以下に詳述するように、加速器を患者の位置の周りに回転させることを可能にする。幾つかの実施例では、ガントリーは鋼製であり、患者の両側に配設された2つの軸受それぞれに回転するように取り付けられた2つの脚部を有する。粒子加速器は、患者が横たわる治療領域を跨設するに十分に長い鉄骨トラスによって支持されており、鉄骨トラスは、その両端においてガントリーの回転式脚部に安定して取り付けられている。患者の周りをガントリーが回転する結果、粒子加速器も回転する。
図1に表すように、荷電粒子線治療システム500は、ビーム発生粒子加速器502を備えており、ビーム発生粒子加速器502の重量及び大きさは、ビーム発生粒子加速器502の出力が加速器ハウジングから患者50に向かう直線方向に(すなわち、実質的に直接)方向づけられている状態において、向けられた出力を有する回転式ガントリー504に取り付け可能とされる大きさである。
n = −(r/B)dB/dr
で表され、この「弱い」集束を維持するように正に保たれなければならない。ここで、rはビームの半径であり、Bは磁場である。それに加えて、幾つかの実施例では、磁場指数は、0.2未満に維持される必要があるが、それは、この値では、ビームの径方向振動及び鉛直方向振動の周期がvr=2vzの共振で一致するからである。ベータトロン周波数は、vr=(1−n)1/2及びvz=n1/2によって定義される。強磁性磁極面は、磁場指数nが所定の磁場内で250MeVのビームと一致する最小の直径において正に維持され、0.2未満となるようにコイルによって生成される磁場を成形するように設計される。
図3を参照すると、粒子源90は、粒子がシンクロサイクロトロンの中間面に存在し、そこでRF電圧場の作用を受け得るようにシンクロサイクロトロン10の磁気中心の近くに配設される。上述のように、粒子源は、ペニングイオンゲージ(PIG)形態を有するものとしてよい。PIG形態では、2つの高電圧陰極が、直線上に揃うように互いにほぼ対向する形で配置される。例えば、一方の陰極は、加速領域の片側にあり、もう一方の陰極は、加速領域の他方の側にあり、磁力線と一致するものとしてよい。ガス管101は、粒子源の近くの加速領域に向かって延在する。比較的少量のガス(例えば、水素/H2)が陰極の間の管内の領域を占有する場合、電圧を陰極に印加することによってプラズマ柱がガスから形成され得る。印加された電圧により、電子は、実質的に管壁に平行な、磁力線に沿って流れ、管の内側に集中している気体分子を電離する。背景磁場は、電離ガス粒子の散乱を妨げ、陰極の間にプラズマ柱を生成する。
12 磁石システム
38 ビーム引き出しシステム
40 環状超電導コイル
42 環状超電導コイル
44 磁極面
46 磁極面
47 共通軸
48 Nb3Sn系超電導線
52 絶縁体
53 ワイヤ
55 ヒーターブランケット
56 環状ステンレスリバースボビン、矩形リバースボビン
60 復元力
70 低温保持槽
71 支持点
72 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
73 支持点
74 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
76 低温端部
77 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
78 ヘッド
79 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
80 圧縮機
81 半分
82 磁石ヨーク、鉄ヨーク、磁気構造体
83 半分
84 帰還磁束
86 容積部
90 粒子源
91 高周波駆動システム
92 幾何学的中心
94 電気ケーブル
95 電流源
99 水素の供給部
100 ディープレート
101 ガス管路、ガス管
102 ダミーディープレート
103、105 半円形表面
107 空間
108 水冷管路
109 ダクト
111 真空ポンプ
113 熱交換器
114 磁気シールド
116 空間
119 真空槽
122 釣合いおもり
124 釣合いおもり
125 ビーム形成システム
146 迷路
148 壁、側壁
150 壁、側壁
152 壁
154 壁、側壁
156 壁、側壁
160 治療室
162 基部
164 床面積
170 患者支持体
190 陰極
192 陰極
194 管
200 磁場
402 高温−低温支持ストラップ
404 高温−低温支持ストラップ
406 高温−低温支持ストラップ
408 S2ガラス繊維リンク
500 荷電粒子線治療システム
502 シンクロサイクロトロン
504 回転式ガントリー
508 脚部
510 脚部
512 軸受
514 軸受
516 鉄骨トラス、トラス構造体
518 治療領域
520 範囲
522 床
524 ボールト
532 水平回転軸線
534 範囲
540 アイソセンター
580 スパン
582 スパン
601 内部ガントリー
602 システム
604 シンクロサイクロトロン
605 ガントリー
606 患者支持体
607 患者
610 アプリケータ
611 表面
614 カバー
615 矢印
616 矢印
617 構造溶接部
618 精密リニアベアリングレール
619 伸長駆動部
620 シータ駆動部
621 頂部
622 底部
624、625 端部
626 矢印
635 開口
700 粒子源
717 陰極
800 空洞
802 磁気再生器
803 引き出しチャネル
805 磁場バンプ
806 ボビン
809、810 超電導コイル
811 磁気構造体
815 構造体
815a より厚い部分
815b より薄い部分
816 モータ
901 点
902 点
903 ブラッグ曲線
904 点
905 ブラッグ曲線
906 点
907 ブラッグ曲線
908aから908b 深さ
910 変調ホイール
911 ステップ
914 ステップ
915 ステップ
917 領域
950 ブラッグ曲線
951 ブラッグ曲線
952 ブラッグ曲線
955 出力
956 散乱体
957 吸収体
958 電離チャンバー
960 開口
961 粒子ビーム
962 ボーラス
964 3次元(3D)表面形状
1002 引き出しチャネル
1008 走査磁石
1009 イオンチャンバー
1010 エネルギーデグレーダ
Claims (25)
- 患者の位置に対して回転可能であるガントリーと、
前記ガントリーに取り付けられ、粒子ビームを前記患者の位置に実質的に直接出力するための粒子加速器と、
粒子治療システムの1つ又は複数の動作特性を構成するための機械命令を生成する制御システムであって、前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが前記患者の位置に対する前記ガントリーの回転角に関係するか、又は回転角の影響を受ける、制御システムとを備える、粒子治療システム。 - 前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが前記ガントリーの角度位置を含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 電離プラズマのパルスを空洞に送り込むための粒子源をさらに備え、前記粒子源のパルスが、前記パルスを発生させるための前記粒子源の動作の持続時間に対応するパルス幅を有し、
前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記ガントリーの回転位置に基づくとともに、前記パルス幅に適用される、乗数を含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。 - 前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記粒子加速器によって出力される粒子の線量を含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記粒子加速器によって出力される粒子の線量率を含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 電離プラズマのパルスを空洞に送り込むための粒子源であって、前記粒子源の各パルスが、前記対応するパルスを発生させるための前記粒子源の動作の持続時間に対応するパルス幅を有する、粒子源と、
異なる厚さを有する変調ホイールであって、それぞれの厚さが前記変調ホイールの異なる外周長に渡って延在する、変調ホイールとをさらに備え、
前記線量率を構成するステップが、前記変調ホイールの回転位置に基づきパルス幅を変化させるステップを含む、請求項5に記載の粒子治療システム。 - 前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが患者の位置を含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 前記患者の位置に対応する、前記患者が横たわる構造体をさらに備え、
前記患者の前記位置を構成するステップが、1つ又は複数の座標位置に対して前記構造体を移動するステップを含む、請求項7に記載の粒子治療システム。 - 前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記粒子加速器によって出力される粒子ビームの照射領域の大きさを含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 前記粒子ビームの前記照射領域の大きさを変化させるための異なる構成を有する散乱デバイスをさらに備え、
前記照射領域の大きさを構成するステップが、前記粒子ビームの経路内に移動する前記散乱デバイスの1つを選択するステップと、前記選択された散乱デバイスを前記粒子ビームの前記経路内に移動するステップとを含む、請求項9に記載の粒子治療システム。 - 前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記粒子加速器によって出力される粒子ビームの深さを含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 粒子ビームを吸収するための異なる厚さを有する吸収体をさらに備え、
前記深さを構成するステップは、特定の厚さ部分を前記粒子ビームの経路内に置くために前記吸収体を制御するステップを含む、請求項11に記載の粒子治療システム。 - それぞれの変調ホイールが異なる厚さを有し、それぞれの厚さが、前記変調ホイールの異なる外周長に渡って延在する、複数の変調ホイールをさらに備え、
前記深さを構成するステップが、前記粒子ビームの経路内に移動する変調ホイールを選択するステップを含む、請求項11に記載の粒子治療システム。 - 電離プラズマのパルスを空洞に送り込むための粒子源であって、前記粒子源のそれぞれのパルスが、前記対応するパルスを発生させるための前記粒子源の動作の持続時間に対応するパルス幅を有する、粒子源をさらに備え、
前記深さを構成するステップが、選択された変調ホイールの回転位置に基づきパルス幅を変化させるための命令を収めたファイルを選択するステップをさらに含む、請求項13に記載の粒子治療システム。 - 前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記粒子加速器によって出力される粒子ビームの深さの程度を含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 電離プラズマのパルスを空洞に送り込むための粒子源であって、前記粒子源のパルスが、前記対応するパルスを発生させるための前記粒子源の動作の持続時間に対応するパルス幅を有する、粒子源と、
異なる厚さを有する変調ホイールであって、それぞれの厚さが、前記変調ホイールの異なる外周長に渡って延在する、変調ホイールとをさらに備え、
粒子ビームの前記深さの前記程度を構成するステップは、前記変調ホイールの特定の回転位置で前記粒子源をオフにするステップを含む、請求項15に記載の粒子治療システム。 - 前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記粒子加速器によって出力される粒子ビームの形状を含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 異なる形状に対応する1つ又は複数の開口をさらに備え、
粒子ビームの前記形状を構成するステップが、前記開口のうちの1つを選択するステップと、前記選択された開口を前記粒子ビームの経路内に移動するステップとを含む、請求項17に記載の粒子治療システム。 - 前記動作特性のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記粒子加速器によって出力される粒子ビームの深さ方向の形状を含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 飛程補償ボーラスをさらに備え、
粒子ビームの前記深さ方向の形状を構成するステップが、前記飛程補償ボーラスを前記粒子ビームの経路内に移動するステップを含む、請求項19に記載の粒子治療システム。 - 前記制御システムが、粒子治療システムの要素を制御するようにプログラムされ、前記機械命令に基づき前記動作特性を制御する1つ又は複数のコンピューティングデバイスを備える、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 走査システムを含み、前記動作特性のうちの1つ又は複数が前記走査システムに関係する、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 前記粒子治療システムの1つ又は複数の動作特性を構成するステップが、開ループ制御を使用して実行される、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 前記粒子治療システムの1つ又は複数の動作特性を構成するステップが、閉ループ制御を使用して実行される、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
- 前記粒子治療システムの1つ又は複数の動作特性を構成するステップは、マイクロアブソーバーホイールの位置を調整するステップと、前記粒子加速器内の超電導磁石の磁流を調整するステップと、前記加速器から出力される粒子パルスのパルス幅を変えるステップとを含む、請求項1に記載の粒子治療システム。
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US9545528B2 (en) | 2017-01-17 |
TW201438787A (zh) | 2014-10-16 |
EP2900326B1 (en) | 2019-05-01 |
WO2014052734A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
JP6776194B2 (ja) | 2020-10-28 |
CN104812443A (zh) | 2015-07-29 |
CN104812443B (zh) | 2018-02-02 |
US10155124B2 (en) | 2018-12-18 |
JP6246216B2 (ja) | 2017-12-13 |
EP3581243A1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
JP2015530194A (ja) | 2015-10-15 |
ES2739634T3 (es) | 2020-02-03 |
US20140094643A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
US20170014649A1 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
EP2900326A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
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