JP6367201B2 - 粒子ビームの強度の制御 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
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- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
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- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
- H05H7/12—Arrangements for varying final energy of beam
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- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N2005/1085—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy characterised by the type of particles applied to the patient
- A61N2005/1087—Ions; Protons
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- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
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- H05H7/12—Arrangements for varying final energy of beam
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Description
本明細書では、2012年9月28日に出願した米国仮出願第61/707466号明細書の優先権が主張される。米国仮出願第61/707466号明細書の内容は、参照により本開示に組み込まれる。
本明細書では、陽子またはイオン治療システムなどの、例示的なシステムにおいて使用するための粒子加速器の一例について説明する。システムは、ガントリー上に取り付けられた粒子加速器−−この例では、シンクロサイクロトロン−−を含む。ガントリーは、以下に詳述するように、加速器を患者の位置の周りに回転させることを可能にする。幾つかの実施例では、ガントリーは鋼製であり、患者の両側に配設された2つの軸受それぞれに回転するように取り付けられた2つの脚部を有する。粒子加速器は、患者が横たわる治療領域を跨設するに十分に長い鉄骨トラスによって支持されており、鉄骨トラスは、その両端においてガントリーの回転式脚部に安定して取り付けられている。患者の周りをガントリーが回転する結果、粒子加速器も回転する。
図1に表すように、荷電粒子線治療システム500は、ビーム発生粒子加速器502を備えており、ビーム発生粒子加速器502の重量及び大きさは、ビーム発生粒子加速器502の出力が加速器ハウジングから患者50に向かう直線方向に(すなわち、実質的に実質的に直接)方向づけられている状態において、向けられた出力を有する回転式ガントリー504に取り付け可能とされる大きさである。
n=−(r/B)dB/dr
で表され、この「弱い」集束を維持するように正に保たれなければならない。ここで、rはビームの半径であり、Bは磁場である。それに加えて、幾つかの実施例では、磁場指数は、0.2未満に維持される必要があるが、それは、この値では、ビームの径方向振動及び鉛直方向振動の周期がvr=2vzの共振で一致するからである。ベータトロン周波数は、vr=(1−n)1/2及びvz=n1/2によって定義される。強磁性磁極面は、磁場指数nが所定の磁場内で250MeVのビームと一致する最小の直径において正に維持され、0.2未満となるようにコイルによって生成される磁場を成形するように設計される。
図3を参照すると、粒子源90は、粒子がシンクロサイクロトロンの中間面に存在し、そこでRF電圧場の作用を受け得るようにシンクロサイクロトロン10の磁気中心の近くに配設される。上述のように、粒子源は、ペニングイオンゲージ(PIG)形態を有するものとしてよい。PIG形態では、2つの高電圧陰極が、直線上に揃うように互いにほぼ対向する形で配置される。例えば、一方の陰極は、加速領域の片側にあり、もう一方の陰極は、加速領域の他方の側にあり、磁力線と一致するものとしてよい。ガス管101は、粒子源の近くの加速領域に向かって延在する。比較的少量のガス(例えば、水素/H2)が陰極の間の管内の領域を占有する場合、電圧を陰極に印加することによってプラズマ柱がガスから形成され得る。印加された電圧により、電子は、実質的に管壁に平行な磁力線に沿って流れ、管の内側に集中している気体分子を電離する。背景磁場は、電離ガス粒子の散乱を妨げ、陰極の間にプラズマ柱を生成する。
12 磁石システム
38 ビーム抽出システム
40、42 環状超電導コイル
44、46 強磁性(例えば、低炭素鋼)磁極面
48 糸
52 絶縁体
56 環状ステンレスリバースボビン
60 復元力
70 真空にされた環状アルミニウムまたはステンレス製低温槽
71、73 支持点
72、74 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
76 低温端部
78 冷凍機のヘッド
77、79 ギフォードマクマホン冷凍機
80 圧縮機
82 ピルボックス形状の磁石ヨーク
81、83 半分
84 帰還磁束
86 容積部
90 粒子源
91 高周波駆動システム
92 幾何学的中心
94 電気ケーブル
95 電流源
99 供給部
100 半円形(ディー)高周波プレート
101 ガス管路
102 ダミーディープレート
103、105 半円形表面
107 空間
108 水冷管路
109 ダクト
111 真空ポンプ
113 熱交換器
114 磁気シールド
116 空間
117 層
119 真空槽
125 ビーム形成システム
152 壁
154、156、150/148 側壁
160 治療室
162 基部
170 患者支持体
192、190 陰極
194 管
200 磁場
500 荷電粒子放射線治療システム
502 ビーム発生粒子加速器
504 ガントリー
506 患者
508、510 脚部
512、514 軸受
516 鉄骨トラス
520 範囲
522 床
524 ボールト
532 水平回転軸
534 範囲
580、582 スパン
601 内側ガントリー
602 システム
604 シンクロサイクロトロン
605 回転式ガントリー
606 患者支持体
700 PIG形態粒子源
701 放射体側
702 ガス供給部
704 反射体側
706 ハウジング、または管
710 ダミーディー
711 能動的(RF)ディー
714 加速領域
717 陰極
720 抽出窓
721 パルス
722 開始(例えば、最高)周波数
723 終了(例えば、最低)周波数
800、801 DCバイアスプレート
802 引き出しチャネル
808 走査磁石
809 イオンチャンバー
810 エネルギーデグレーダ
811 コイル
812 コイル
815 飛程変調装置
816 一連のプレート
816a プレート
Claims (26)
- 粒子が空洞に出力される電離プラズマを提供するための粒子源であって、電圧を加えてガスを電離し、前記電離プラズマを発生する陰極を備え、前記陰極が外部熱源によって加熱されない冷陰極である、粒子源と、
高周波(RF)電圧を前記空洞に印加して、前記粒子を前記電離プラズマから外部に加速するための電圧源と、
前記空洞から粒子ビームを受けて粒子加速器から出力するための引き出しチャネルとを備えた、シンクロサイクロトロンであって、
前記シンクロサイクロトロンが、
(i)前記陰極に関連する電圧は、前記粒子ビームの強度を制御することができるように制御可能であること、
(ii)前記ガスが水素を含み、前記粒子源が、前記粒子ビームの強度を制御するために前記陰極間の水素の量を調整するように制御可能であること、
(iii)前記ガスが、水素と希ガスとの組み合わせを含むこと、または
(iv)前記電圧源が、第1のディーと第2のディーとを備え、前記第1のディー及び前記第2のディーのうちの少なくとも1つは、バイアス電圧が印加されること、
の特徴のうち1つまたは複数を含む、シンクロサイクロトロン。 - 前記粒子源は、前記粒子ビームの強度を制御するために前記電離プラズマのパルス幅を制御するように制御可能である、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記粒子源は、制御信号に応答して一定期間にわたって作動するように構成され、前記粒子源は、作動すると電離プラズマのパルスを発生する、請求項2に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記粒子源は、電離プラズマのパルスを周期的に発生するように構成される、請求項2に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記粒子ビームは、0.1μsから100μsの持続時間で出力される、請求項4に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記粒子ビームは、2ms毎に0.1μsから100μsの持続時間で出力される、請求項4に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記RF電圧は、前記RF電圧を上げると前記粒子ビームの強度が高くなるように、また前記RF電圧を下げると前記粒子ビームの強度が低くなるように制御可能である、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 請求項1に記載の前記シンクロサイクロトロンと、
前記シンクロサイクロトロンが取り付けられ、患者の位置に対して回転可能であるガントリーとを備え、
前記粒子ビームは、前記シンクロサイクロトロンから前記患者の位置に出力される、陽子治療システム。 - 水素の量は、水素の前記量を増やすと前記粒子ビームの強度が高くなるように、また水素の前記量を減らすと前記粒子ビームの強度が低くなるように調整可能である、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記電圧源は、前記粒子ビームの強度を制御するために前記RF電圧の高さを制御するように制御可能である、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記RF電圧の高さは、前記高さを高くすると前記粒子ビームの強度が高くなるように、また前記高さを低くすると前記粒子ビームの強度が低くなるように調整可能である、請求項10に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記粒子源は、前記RF電圧の最高周波数から前記RF電圧の最低周波数までの減少の間、特定の周波数における前記電離プラズマのパルスを供給するように制御可能である、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記粒子加速器は、135MHzのRF電圧の最高周波数より低い、132MHzの前記RF電圧と131MHzの前記RF電圧との間の前記電離プラズマのパルスを供給するように制御可能である、請求項12に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記RF電圧は、最高周波数から最低周波数まで周期的に掃引し、
前記RF電圧の掃引の幾つかではパルスを出力し、前記RF電圧の掃引の他の幾つかではパルスを出力しない、パルスを選択的に出力するステップを含む、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。 - 前記RF電圧は、最高周波数から最低周波数まで周期的に掃引し、
N(N>1)回の掃引ごとにパルス出力をスキップする、パルスを選択的に出力するステップを含む、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。 - コントローラをさらに備え、前記コントローラは
前記粒子ビームの強度を決定するステップと、
前記決定された強度に基づきパルスを選択的に出力するステップとを含む動作を実行する、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。 - 前記電圧源は、前記粒子ビームの強度を制御するために前記RF電圧の勾配を変化させるように構成可能である、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記第1のディーは、第1のバイアス電圧が印加され、前記第2のディーは、第2のバイアス電圧が印加され、前記第1のバイアス電圧は前記第2のバイアス電圧と異なる、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記第1のディーは、前記バイアス電圧が印加され、前記第2のディーは、電気的に接地される、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記粒子ビームを出力する、請求項1に記載の前記シンクロサイクロトロンと、
前記粒子ビームを照射ターゲットの少なくとも一部に走査する前記シンクロサイクロトロン用の走査システムであって、前記走査システムは前記粒子ビームを前記粒子ビームの長手方向に対して角度を付けた2次元内で走査するように構成され、前記粒子ビームは前記照射ターゲットにスポットを形成する走査システムとを備え、
前記シンクロサイクロトロンは、走査時に前記照射ターゲット上の異なるスポットの間で前記粒子ビームの強度を変化させるように制御可能である、粒子治療システム。 - 前記ガスは、水素と25%未満の前記希ガスとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記ガスは、水素と10%未満の前記希ガスとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記ガスは、水素とヘリウムとの組み合わせを含む、請求項1に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記ヘリウムは、前記ガスの組成の25%未満を構成する、請求項23に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記ヘリウムは、前記ガスの組成の10%未満を構成する、請求項23に記載のシンクロサイクロトロン。
- 前記走査システムは、
前記粒子ビームを前記照射ターゲットの少なくとも一部の2次元内で走査するように前記粒子ビームの方向に影響を及ぼす磁石と、
前記粒子ビームを前記照射ターゲットに出力する前に前記粒子ビームのエネルギーを変えるデグレーダであって、前記シンクロサイクロトロンに対して前記磁石のビーム下流にある、デグレーダとを備える、請求項20に記載の粒子治療システム。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261707466P | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | |
| US61/707,466 | 2012-09-28 | ||
| PCT/US2013/062103 WO2014052709A2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2013-09-27 | Controlling intensity of a particle beam |
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| JP6367201B2 true JP6367201B2 (ja) | 2018-08-01 |
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| US (1) | US9723705B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2901823B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP6367201B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN104813749B (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW201424467A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2014052709A2 (ja) |
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| CN102036461B (zh) | 2004-07-21 | 2012-11-14 | 梅威申医疗系统有限公司 | 用于同步回旋加速器的可编程的射频波形发生器 |
| CN101361156B (zh) * | 2005-11-18 | 2012-12-12 | 梅维昂医疗系统股份有限公司 | 用于实施放射治疗的设备 |
| US10254739B2 (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2019-04-09 | Mevion Medical Systems, Inc. | Coil positioning system |
| TW201424466A (zh) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-06-16 | Mevion Medical Systems Inc | 磁場再生器 |
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| TW201424467A (zh) | 2014-06-16 |
| US9723705B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
| EP2901823A2 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| US20140094638A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
| WO2014052709A2 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
| CN104813749B (zh) | 2019-07-02 |
| JP2015532507A (ja) | 2015-11-09 |
| EP2901823B1 (en) | 2021-12-08 |
| JP2018110133A (ja) | 2018-07-12 |
| CN104813749A (zh) | 2015-07-29 |
| WO2014052709A3 (en) | 2014-05-30 |
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