JP2014040675A - 耐フレッチング性及び耐ウィスカー性の被覆装置及び方法 - Google Patents
耐フレッチング性及び耐ウィスカー性の被覆装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014040675A JP2014040675A JP2013234097A JP2013234097A JP2014040675A JP 2014040675 A JP2014040675 A JP 2014040675A JP 2013234097 A JP2013234097 A JP 2013234097A JP 2013234097 A JP2013234097 A JP 2013234097A JP 2014040675 A JP2014040675 A JP 2014040675A
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- Prior art keywords
- tin
- layer
- silver
- electrically conductive
- based alloy
- Prior art date
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- Granted
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 43
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 177
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 225
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 177
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 77
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 142
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 16
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017482 Cu 6 Sn 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 101100107923 Vitis labrusca AMAT gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver cyanide Chemical compound [Ag+].N#[C-] LFAGQMCIGQNPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940098221 silver cyanide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007637 SnAg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].[Sn] Chemical compound [Ag].[Sn] QCEUXSAXTBNJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Ni] KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010946 fine silver Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- PGGZKNHTKRUCJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonic acid;tin Chemical compound [Sn].CS(O)(=O)=O PGGZKNHTKRUCJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);disulfamate Chemical compound [Ni+2].NS([O-])(=O)=O.NS([O-])(=O)=O KERTUBUCQCSNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001432 tin ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/48—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
- H01L23/488—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor consisting of soldered or bonded constructions
- H01L23/495—Lead-frames or other flat leads
- H01L23/49579—Lead-frames or other flat leads characterised by the materials of the lead frames or layers thereon
- H01L23/49582—Metallic layers on lead frames
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/14—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material
- H01B1/16—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive inorganic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
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Abstract
【解決手段】本発明では、複数の近接して配置された構造体(feature)が存在し、錫ウィスカーが潜在的短絡回路を構成するような、特別な用途を有する被覆された電気伝導性基体が与えられる。
【選択図】なし
Description
図1に関し、複数の導線10を有するリードフレームが、銅又は銅基合金のような電気伝導性金属から形成されている。複数の導線10の各々は、内部導線端部12の所で終わり、中心孔を定めており、その孔はダイパドル(die paddle)14により占められている。典型的には、内部導線端部12及びダイパドル14は、チップの取付け及び配線結合を向上させるため、銀のような貴金属の薄い層で被覆されている。銀の場合、この薄い層は、3μ〜6μの典型的な厚さを有し、電着により堆積されている。次に、一般に半導体チップと呼ばれる一つ以上の集積回路(IC)装置16を、低温金属はんだ、又は熱伝導性重合体接着剤を使用するなどして、ダイパドル14に取付ける。細い金属線18、又は伝導性箔の細い帯により、集積回路装置16の電気活性面上の回路を、内部導線端部12に電気的に相互接続する。次に、ダイパドル14、集積回路装置16、内部導線端部12、及び導線中間部分21を、破線20により指定した周囲に沿って全体的に成形樹脂によりカプセル化する。
図2は、成形樹脂22から伸びている導線10を示す組立体の側面図である。成形樹脂から伸びる導線の外側部分23は、プリント回路基板上のトレースのような外部回路にはんだ付けされるのが典型的である。電気伝導度を最大にするため、導線は銅又は銅合金から形成されるのが典型的であるが、鉄・ニッケル及び鉄・ニッケル・コバルト合金のような非銅導線も用いられる。銅及び銅合金は容易に酸化し、表面の酸化物の形成は、はんだ付けを阻害する。
51mm×12.7mm×0.25mm(2インチ×0.5インチ×0.010インチ)の大きさの試料片を、銅合金C194の帯から切り出した。銅合金C194は、重量で2.1%〜2.6%の鉄、0.05%〜0.20%の亜鉛、0.015%〜0.15%の燐、及び残余の銅の組成を有する。その試料片を市販のアルカリ性クリーナー中で50℃で、139A/dm(15Asf)のカソード電流密度を用いて1分間クリーニングした。
152mm×31.8mm×0.13mm(6インチ×1.25インチ×0.005インチ)の大きさを有する試料片を、表3に記載したように、銅合金C194及びC7025、鍛造一体的(monolithic)錫、及び鍛造一体的銀から形成した。C7025は、重量で、2.2%〜4.2%のニッケル、0.25%〜1.2%の珪素、0.05%〜0.3%のMg、及び残余の銅の組成を有する。
152mm×31.8mm×0.13mm(6インチ×1.25インチ×0.005インチ)の大きさを有する銅合金C194試料片を、前の例の場合と同様に、介在層及び艶消し錫で被覆した。試料を空気中で350℃に加熱し、水中で急冷することにより、リフローした錫表面を得た。
表5〜8は、図9A〜9Dに例示した構造体の測定組成が、本発明に従って被覆された基体の最外表面上に銀に富む相が形成されたことを実証していることを報告するものである。150℃に一週間加熱する前の厚さ(マイクロインチ)は、XRF(蛍光X線)により測定した。加熱後の組成及び原子%は、EDX(エネルギー分散X線)により決定した。
Claims (55)
- 錫ウィスカーが跨がることができる距離(24)に分離された複数の構造体(10);
前記複数の構造体(10)の少なくとも一つのうちの少なくとも一つの表面を被覆する銀又は銀基合金層(28);
前記銀層(28)を直接被覆する微細粒子錫又は錫基合金層(30);
を含む電気伝導性部品。 - 距離(24)が、1mm以下である、請求項1に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 銅層が、少なくとも一つの表面と、銀又は銀基合金(28)被覆との間に配置されている、請求項2に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 複数の構造体(10)が複数の導線を構成し、前記複数の導線の各々の一部分(23)だけが銀又は銀基合金層(28)及び微細粒子錫又は錫基合金層(30)で被覆されている、請求項2に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 銀又は銀基合金層(28)、0.051μm〜1.02μm(2マイクロインチ〜40マイクロインチ)の厚さを有する、請求項4に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 錫又は錫基合金層(30)が、0.51μm〜3.8μm(20マイクロインチ〜150マイクロインチ)の厚さを有する、請求項5に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 錫基合金(30)が鉛を含まない、請求項6に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 錫又は錫基合金(30)が、0.1μm〜100μmの平均粒径を有する、請求項6に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 一つ以上の集積回路装置(16)をカプセル化したパッケージにおいて、
中心に配置されたダイパドル(14)及び前記ダイパドル(14)に隣接した位置から外側へ伸びる複数の導線で、その各々が内側部分(12)、中間部分(21)、及び外側部分(23)を有する複数の導線を有する電気伝導性導線枠(10);
前記ダイパドル(14)に結合し、前記内側部分(12)に電気的に相互接続された集積回路装置(16);及び
前記ダイパドル(14)、集積回路装置(16)、前記導線の内側部分(12)及び中間部分(21)を、前記外側部分(23)が前記重合体(22)から外側へ伸びているようにしてカプセル化する成型樹脂(22);
を含み、前記外側部分(23)が、隣接する外側部分から、錫ウィスカーが跨がることができる距離(24)離れており、そして、銀又は銀基合金(28)で被覆されており、更に錫又は錫基合金層(30)で直接被覆されている、上記パッケージ。 - 距離(24)が、1mm以下である、請求項9に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 銅層が、前記外側部分の表面と、前記銀又は銀基合金被覆(28)との間に配置されている、請求項10に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 前記銀又は銀基合金(28)が、0.051μm〜0.51μm(2マイクロインチ〜20マイクロインチ)の厚さを有する、請求項11に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 前記錫又は錫基合金層(30)が、0.51μm〜3.8μm(20マイクロインチ〜150マイクロインチ)の厚さを有する、請求項12に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 前記錫基合金(30)が鉛を含まない、請求項13に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 前記錫又は錫基合金(30)が、0.1μm〜100μmの平均粒径を有する、請求項13に記載の電気伝導性部品。
- 複数の層(32、34、40、36)で被覆された電気伝導性材料において、
電気伝導性基体(26);
前記基体(26)上に堆積され、前記複数の層(32、34、40、36)へ前記基体(26)の成分が拡散するのを防ぐのに有効な障壁層(32);
前記障壁層(32)上に堆積された、錫との金属間化合物を形成するのに有効な犠牲層(34);
前記犠牲層(34)上に堆積された低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40);及び
前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40)上に直接堆積された錫又は錫基合金(36)の最外層;
を含む、上記電気伝導性材料。 - 銅層が、少なくとも一つの表面と前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40)との間に配置されている、請求項16に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記障壁層(32)が、ニッケル、コバルト、鉄、マンガン、クロム、モリブデン、及びそれらの合金からなる群から選択されている、請求項16に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記障壁層(32)が、ニッケル又はニッケル基合金である、請求項18に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記ニッケル又はニッケル基合金障壁層(32)が、0.102μm〜0.51μm(4マイクロインチ〜20マイクロインチ)の厚さを有する、請求項19に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記犠牲層(34)が、銅又は銅基合金である、請求項19に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記銅又は銅基合金犠牲層(34)が、0.051μm〜1.52μm(2マイクロインチ〜60マイクロインチ)の厚さを有する、請求項21に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40)が、銀、インジウム、鉄、亜鉛、ニオブ、レニウム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、金、白金、パラジウム、及びそれらの合金からなる群から選択されている、請求項22に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40)が、0.13μm〜1.02μm(5マイクロインチ〜40マイクロインチ)の厚さを有する、請求項23に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40)が、銀又は銀基合金である、請求項24に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記銀又は銀基合金層(40)が、0.13μm〜1.02μm(5マイクロインチ〜20マイクロインチ)の厚さを有する、請求項25に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記錫又は錫基合金層(36)の最外層が、0.5mmを超える平均粒径を有する、請求項25に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- ソケット(42)及びプローブ(44)を含み、前記ソケット(42)又はプローブ(44)の少なくとも一つが、
電気伝導性基体(26);
前記基体(26)上に堆積され、複数の層(32、34、40、36)へ前記基体(26)の成分が拡散するのを防ぐのに有効な障壁層(32);
前記障壁層(32)上に堆積された、錫との金属間化合物を形成するのに有効な犠牲層(34);
前記犠牲層(34)上に堆積された低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40);及び
前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40)上に直接堆積された錫又は錫基合金(36)の最外層;
を含む、電気コネクタ組立体。 - 銅層が、少なくとも一つの表面と低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40)との間に配置されている、請求項28に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記障壁層(32)が、ニッケル、コバルト、鉄、マンガン、クロム、モリブデン、及びそれらの合金からなる群から選択されている、請求項28に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記障壁層(32)が、0.1μm〜1.02μm(4マイクロインチ〜40マイクロインチ)の厚さを有する、請求項30に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記障壁層(32)が、ニッケル又はニッケル基合金である、請求項31に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記犠牲層(34)が、銅又は銅基合金である、請求項32に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40)が、銀、インジウム、鉄、亜鉛、ニオブ、レニウム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、金、白金、パラジウム、及びそれらの合金からなる群から選択されている、請求項33に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層(40)が、銀又は銀基合金である、請求項34に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 前記錫又は錫基合金(36)の最外層が、0.5mmを越える平均粒径を有する、請求項35に記載の電気伝導性材料。
- 銅又は銅基合金基体(26);
銅及び錫を含む混合物又は金属から形成された介在層(88、98、100);及び
銅・錫金属間化合物含有相(90、94、102)と銀に富む相(92)との混合物である最外層;
を含む複合構造体。 - 前記銅・錫金属間化合物含有相(90、94、102)が、更に銀を含む、請求項37に記載の複合構造体。
- 前記の銀に富む相(92)が、更に銅及び錫を含む、請求項38に記載の複合構造体。
- 遊離錫又は遊離錫基合金の薄い層が、前記最外層を覆っている、請求項39に記載の複合構造体。
- 錫ウィスカーを生じにくい被覆を製造する方法において、
(a)錫ウィスカーが跨がることが出来る距離に離れた複数の間隔をあけた電気伝導性構造体を有する基体を与える工程;
(b)前記構造体の少なくとも一部分を、銀又は銀基合金の層で被覆する工程(62);
(c)前記銀又は銀基合金層を、微粒子錫又は錫基合金の層で直接被覆する工程(64);
を含む、上記製造方法。 - 電気伝導性構造体が、導線で、その各々が、内側部分、中間部分、及び外側部分を有する導線を構成し、少なくとも前記外側部分を、0.025μm〜3.05μm(1マイクロインチ〜120マイクロインチ)の銀又は銀基合金で、電気メッキ及び浸漬メッキからなる群から選択された方法により被覆する(62)、請求項41に記載の方法。
- 前記基体を、前記導線の内側部分から中心に配置されたダイパドルを有するリードフレームに形成し、前記ダイパドル及び前記内側部分を、工程(b)の前に銀又は銀基合金で被覆する(56)、請求項42に記載の方法。
- 前記ダイパドル及び内側導線部分を、工程(b)の前に重合体樹脂でカプセル化する(58)、請求項43に記載の方法。
- 前記重合体樹脂でカプセル化する(58)時、前記導線の中間部分が、銀又は銀基合金被覆を実質的にもたない、請求項44に記載の方法。
- フレッチング摩耗破片誘発抵抗率増大を起こしにくい部品を製造する方法において、
(a)電気伝導性基体を、前記部品の予想される使用温度で前記伝導性基体の成分がそれを通って拡散するのを防ぐのに有効な障壁層で被覆する工程(70);
(b)前記障壁層を、前記成分の最外被覆層と金属間化合物を形成するのに有効な犠牲層で被覆する工程(72);
(c)前記犠牲層を、低抵抗率酸化物金属又は金属合金層で被覆する工程(74);
(d)前記低抵抗率酸化物金属又は金属合金層を、前記電気伝導性基体、前記障壁層、前記犠牲層、及び前記低抵抗率酸化物金属又は金属合金層のどの一つの溶液温度よりも低い溶融温度を有する最外層で直接被覆する工程(76);及び
(e)前記被覆した電気伝導性基体を、前記最外層を溶融及びリフローするのに有効な温度へ加熱する工程(78);
を含む、上記製造方法。 - 工程(a)の前に、前記電気伝導性基体を銅の層で被覆する、請求項46に記載の方法。
- 前記障壁層を、ニッケル、コバルト、鉄、マンガン、クロム、モリブデン、及びそれらの合金及び混合物からなる群から選択する、請求項47に記載の方法。
- 前記犠牲層を、銅又は銅基合金であるように選択する、請求項48に記載の方法。
- 前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層を、銀、インジウム、鉄、ニオブ、レニウム、ルテニウム、バナジウム、金、白金、パラジウム、及び亜鉛からなる群から選択する、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記低抵抗率酸化物金属層を、0.025μm〜3.05μm(1マイクロインチ〜120マイクロインチ)の厚さまで、電気メッキ及び浸漬メッキからなる群から選択された方法により堆積された(74)銀又は銀基合金になるように選択する、請求項50に記載の方法。
- 工程(d)(76)及び(e)(78)を一緒にして、熱風レベル化錫(HALT)法のような単一の工程にする、請求項51に記載の方法。
- 前記最外層が、電気メッキにより堆積された(76)錫又は錫基合金である、請求項52に記載の方法。
- 工程(e)の前又は後で、前記の被覆した電気伝導性基体を、錫又は錫基合金の溶融温度より低い温度へ加熱して、遊離錫の厚さを減少する、請求項56に記載の方法。
- 前記被覆電気伝導性基体を、コネクタ組立体のソケット部品及びプローブ部品の両方に形成する(80)ことを含む、請求項52又は請求項56に記載の方法。
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- 2004-10-13 KR KR20067009215A patent/KR101351284B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-10-13 CN CN2009101181164A patent/CN101540303B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-13 CN CN200480033610A patent/CN100594604C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-13 KR KR1020137027956A patent/KR20130128477A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-10-13 JP JP2006535451A patent/JP4708357B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-14 MY MYPI20044243 patent/MY144068A/en unknown
- 2004-10-14 TW TW93131231A patent/TWI258826B/zh active
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JP2017033745A (ja) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | 住電機器システム株式会社 | 接続部材 |
JP2019531412A (ja) * | 2017-06-08 | 2019-10-31 | プンサン コーポレーション | 電気・電子、自動車部品用銅合金の錫めっき方法及びこれにより製造された銅合金の錫めっき材 |
US11542606B2 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2023-01-03 | Poongsan Corporation | Method of tin-plating copper alloy for electric or electronic parts and automobile parts and tin-plating material of copper alloy manufactured therefrom |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7391116B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 |
US20090017327A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
KR20070028292A (ko) | 2007-03-12 |
JP2014042002A (ja) | 2014-03-06 |
US20050106408A1 (en) | 2005-05-19 |
US7808109B2 (en) | 2010-10-05 |
MY144068A (en) | 2011-08-15 |
JP5965359B2 (ja) | 2016-08-03 |
TW200536031A (en) | 2005-11-01 |
CN101540303B (zh) | 2012-04-25 |
JP2007520053A (ja) | 2007-07-19 |
CN101142674A (zh) | 2008-03-12 |
JP2010232681A (ja) | 2010-10-14 |
CN101540303A (zh) | 2009-09-23 |
JP6050737B2 (ja) | 2016-12-21 |
KR20130128477A (ko) | 2013-11-26 |
WO2005038989A2 (en) | 2005-04-28 |
TWI258826B (en) | 2006-07-21 |
CN100594604C (zh) | 2010-03-17 |
JP4708357B2 (ja) | 2011-06-22 |
WO2005038989A3 (en) | 2007-11-22 |
HK1118950A1 (en) | 2009-02-20 |
KR101351284B1 (ko) | 2014-01-14 |
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