CN1219911A - 用于车辆的电驱动系统 - Google Patents
用于车辆的电驱动系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在用于驱动牵引电机例如铁路机车或长途汽车的装置中,可能包括一个或多个配备有绝缘导体的电气机器,牵引电机和/或至少一个其他电气机器中的磁路直接连到21-800kV最好高于36kV的高压电源上。每个牵引电机和其他电气机器中的绝缘层由组成其绕组的电缆(6)建造,所述电缆(6)包括具有若干绞合线(36)的一个或多个载流导体(31),载流导体(31)被至少两个半导电层(32,37)和中间绝缘层(36)包裹住。牵引电机可以连接到给铁路的供电线供电的配电网络,不用在中间连接任何其他电气机器或者通过一个或多个所述其他电气机器。从而机车/长途汽车可以仅用牵引电机建造而不需要任何其他的电气机器。
Description
本发明涉及一种准备连接到配电或传输网络——下文称为电力网络的电气机器。更具体地说,本发明涉及用于驱动牵引电机例如铁路机车和长途汽车的装置,装置所包含的牵引电机和/或其他的电气机器配备有一个包括一个磁芯和至少一个绕组的磁路。
与此同时,本发明首先涉及权利要求1的前序中所述型式的电驱动系统,其次涉及权利要求30的前序中所述型式的电力传输装置,第三是权利要求35的前序中所述型式的用于电力传输的过程,第四是权利要求36的前序中所述型式的电气机器以及第五是权利要求42的前序中所述型式的车辆。
电气机器中的磁路通常包括一个叠层磁芯例如带有焊接结构的钢片。为了提供通风和冷却,磁芯常常被分成若干具有径向和/或轴向通风道的组块。对于较大的机器,叠层被冲成若干段附到机器的框架上,叠层磁芯用压爪和压环固定在一起。磁路的绕组被放在磁芯的槽内,槽一般具有一个矩形或梯形形状的截面。
在多相电气机器中,绕组被做成单层或双层绕组。对于单层绕组,每槽仅有一个线圈侧边,而对于双层绕组,则每槽有两个线圈侧边,线圈侧边意味着一个或多个导体垂直或水平合并起来并设置一个公共的线圈绝缘层,即被指定承受机器到地的额定电压的绝缘层。
双层绕组一般做成斜方形绕组,而本文中的单层绕组则可以做成斜方形或扁平形绕组。在斜方形绕组中仅存在一种(可以是两种)线圈宽度,而扁平绕组则被做成同心的绕组,即具有宽变化线圈宽度的绕组。线圈宽度表示属于同一线圈的两个线圈侧边之间的距离(以弧度计算)。
通常,所有大型机器都做成具有双层绕组和同一尺寸的线圈。每个线圈以一个侧边放在一层中并且以另一侧边放在另一层,这意味着所有线圈均在线圈的端部互相交叉。如果多于两层,这些交叉会使绕组工作变复杂,并且线圈端部不太会令人满意。
由于历史原因,已经开发出许多具有不同电压和频率的供电系统用于铁路运营。一旦在一个地区建立起一个系统,要改变到另一个系统必然带来大量开支和打乱铁路运营。对于电源电压主要有六种标准解决方案,其中三种是直流电压系统,三种是交流电压系统。这就是说许多牵引车辆(机车和长途汽车)和客车都必须造得适合一种以上的电源系统。目前用于在不同国家之间直达运输的机车和客车能应付多达四种不同的电源系统。
用于轨道电源的电能可以取自一般的配电网络,也可以由铁路经营的电站发电。装置设备随电源是交流还是直流电压而不同。在直流供电的情形,需要若干整流站用于变换公用配电网络供应的交流电压。这些整流站在沿铁路的某些地点供应直流电压。在使用工业频率(50或60Hz)的交流供电的情形,只需要在某些地点设置变压器。这是最简单和花费最少的解决方案并且有最低的功率损失。在使用低频交流(
或25Hz)供电的情形,需要设立变电站变换公众配电网络的工业频率的电压,或者需要用于低频交流电流的专用发电站和专用配电网络。
最初选择直流供电是因为有适用而又控制简单的电动机串激式直流电动机。以前,借助旋转式变换器或汞弧整流器将三相交流电压变为直流电压,但如今,这种变换通常都使用6或12个脉冲替续器进行。
直流系统有可以在直流电动机中直接使用直流电流的优点。车辆中不需要任何笨重的变压器像使用交流电压的情形那样降低电压。因此,用直流电压供电的车辆花费较少且容易生产。从安全方面考虑,低直流电压是一个优点(例如在地铁中使用的电力母线有时可能是裸露的)。
直流电压运行的缺点主要是低电压,这意味着电流和随之而来的电压降和损失相当大。这必须通过大的导体面积和间隔距离近的整流站(站与站之间通常小于10公里)来弥补。这样做的结果是浪费大量装置。这些缺点在高功率例如高速运输的情形特别值得注意。高功率的整流站必须建得紧靠在一起,而且仅在火车通过该供电站的短时间内使用。
在使用工业频率(50或60Hz)的牵引电机成为可能之前,第一个交流电压系统是使用低频电压(
或25Hz)供电的。这种系统中常时间使用的牵引电机是单相串激换向电机,也叫做单相牵引电机。这个功能除了场和转子电流因为用交流电流供电的关系每半周换向一次之外几乎和直流电机一样。为了获得没有破坏性过压或电弧的换向功能,选择了低频率和低速电机。
与直流系统相反,使用交流系统的主要优点是交流电压可以变压(虽然直流电压如今也能使用所谓的斩波器变压)。因而对于电机用以运行的电压来说,可以在架空导体上保持比较高的电压。由于架空导体中的高电压,电流变得低一些,从而给出较好的功率传输能力和较低的线路网络损失。供电站可以隔开得相当远(60-120km)。但是,一个缺点是牵引电机大并且控制技术复杂。
另一个缺点是需要通常使用电动机发电机的频率变换器,即一般的50Hz同步电机驱动一个单相
Hz同步发电机。电动机具有三倍于发电机的极数。旋转式变频器造得适用较低的标称电压(6kv)以避免绝缘层过厚。因此,在变频器之前和之后都需要变压器。通常是在同一装置中有好几个变频器并联运行。
旋转式变频器可产生无功功率,该无功功率能够补偿架空导体网络和车辆中产生的无功功率损失,旋转式变频器还提供公众配电网络和架空导体系统之间的电隔离。
旋转式变频器的主要缺点是大型同步机器的起动耗费时间和投入复杂。必须能够满足对功率的突然需求。因此,机器必须能在无负荷时作为备用机运行或者以低功率长期运行。另一个缺点是上面提到的无负荷运行引起一部分能量损失。
在新的装置中,旋转式变频器已被静态式变频器所取代。静态式变频器的初期支出和维护都不贵。它还具有起动较快和能量损失较低的优点。但是,三相和单相两侧的谐波都比较高。此外,静态式变频器不能产生无功功率补偿电感负载引起的电压降。
由上面清楚看出,用于以电能使铁路运行的各种系统都比较复杂、比较昂贵。
带有常规定子绕组的上述型式的机器不能连接到没有使用变压器变到较低电压的高压例如145KV的网络。以经过变压器连接到高压网络这种方式使用电机,与电机直接连到高压网络相比,必然会有若干缺点。其中可以指出下面的缺点:
.变压器昂贵,增加运输成本并需要占用空间;
.变压器使系统的效率变低;
.变压器消耗无功功率;
.常规的变压器包含有油及相关的风险;
.由于经过变压器后,电动机面对一个较弱的网络工作,因而运行敏感。
本发明的目的是为电气化铁路运营等等提供一个驱动系统及用于该系统的部件,解决这一领域已知系统中的一些固有问题。
根据本发明达到这一目的,首先在于权利要求1的前序中所述型式的电驱动系统具有该项权利要求的特征部分界定的专门特征,其次在于权利要求30的前序中所述型式的电力传输装置具有该项权利要求的特征部分界定的专门特性,第三在于权利要求35的前序中所述型式的过程具有该项权利要求的特征部分界定的专门特性,第四在于权利要求36的前序中所述型式的电气机器具有该项权利要求的特征部分界定的专门特性,以及第五在于权利要求42的前序中所述型式的车辆具有该项权利要求的特征部分界定的专门特性。
于是,本发明以专门的技术为基础来建造电气机器、电动机、发电机、变压器等等,其中电绕组则以特殊的方法用干式绝缘层生产。这就使得能够取消变压器和/或建造没有上面提到的常规变压器中固有缺点的变压器。驱动系统可以包括在从配电网络向车辆轮子传输功率的几个阶段中的各种不同型式的机器。自然也可以包括仅用在某些阶段的这种专门机器与常规机器相组合。
这样一来,本发明涉及的型式的机器可以安排得从配电网络向供电线传送电力,或者从供电线向轮轴传送电力。在前一情形,机器可以是一个变压器或者是一个作为变频器工作的电动机发电机。在后一种情形,机器可以是一个变压器或者是一个不另外需要任何变压器的牵引电机。另一个可供选择的方案当然是两者相组合。
根据本发明的驱动系统和部件可以适配各种铁路系统的供电系统,并且通过适当的修改,可以用于使用外接电源或者使用有其自身电源系统的铁路系统,用于使用不同电压电平和不同频率的铁路以及既用于交流也用于直流系统,除此之外,还可既用于同步也用于异步电机运行。
本发明的各个不同方面可以说涉及到总系统、配电系统以及车辆。
下面提供本发明给出的若干好处的说明。也提出特别涉及某些优选实施例的优点。在有关权利要求特别是涉及系统中实际机器的有用实施例的权利要求2-16中还界定了若干另外的特别优选实施例。
在认为必需变压器的情形,本发明的目的是使用同一型式的电缆并以和装置中所包含的其他电气机器相当的例如SE-A-9700335-4中所述的方式制造变压器。
通过满足以上目的所赢得的优点是取消其电抗以另一种方式消耗无功功率中间充油变压器。由于存在旋转式补偿,还赢得网络质量上的优点。借助根据本发明的装置,过载能力可因本发明增加+100%。控制区域也大于现有的技术。
为了达到这一点,装置所包含的至少一个电气机器中的磁路及其导体要用插入的固定绝缘电缆和包括的地线产生。“装置”一词在这里既指给铁路供电线供电的一部电网络,也指机车和长途汽车中从供电线采集电压的部分。
于是,已知技术和根据本发明的实施例之间的主要的和本质的区别就是这一点系借助电气装置中的至少一个机器所包含的磁路达到,磁路被安排得径由断路器和隔离器直接达到高达20至80KV之间最好的36KV以上的高压电源。于是,磁路包括一个或多个具有一个绕组的叠层磁芯,绕组则由具有一个或多个固定的绝缘导体的插入电缆组成,电缆在导体上和绝缘层外面各有一个半导电层,外层的半导电层连接到地电位。
为了解决电气机器(旋转式和静态式的机器)直接连到所有型式的高压电力网络所引起的问题,根据本发明的装置中的至少一个机器具有上面提到的明显不同于已知技术的若干特性。另外的特性和其他实施例界定在有关的权利要求中并在下面讨论。
根据本发明的装置以及其中所包含的至少一个电气机器的上述特性和其他本质特征包括如下:
·磁路的绕组用具有一个或多个固定的绝缘导体并在导体和外包皮上各有一个半导电层的电缆生产。这种型式的一些典型导体有PEX电缆或带有EP橡胶绝缘层的电缆,但是,对目前的实际应用来说,电缆还在导体内的绞合线和外包皮的特性两方面有了进一步发展。PEX=交联聚乙烯(XLPE)。EP=丙乙烯。
·具有圆形截面的电缆较好,但为了例如说获得更好的封装密度,具有某些其他截面的电缆也可以使用。
·这样一种电缆允许叠层磁芯根据本发明以一种新的最佳方式对槽和齿进行设计。
·绕组最好制造得具有分梯级的绝缘层,以达到最佳利用叠层磁芯。
·绕组最好制造成多层的同心电缆绕组,从而能够使线圈端部交叉的数目减少。
·槽设计得适合于绕组电缆的横截面,使得槽以若干圆柱形开口的形式顺轴向和/或径向互在对方之外延伸,并有一个开着的腰部延伸在转子绕组的各层之间。
·槽的设计调整到适合电缆的横截面和绕组的梯级绝缘层。梯级绝缘层允许磁芯具有不管怎样径向延伸都基本不变的齿宽。
·上面提到的绞合线方面的进一步发展必然伴随若干碰触的层组成的绕组导体,即从电气机器的观点看绝缘的绞合线不必正确交叉、互不绝缘和/或互相绝缘。
·上面提到的外层包皮方面的进一步发展必然伴随外层包皮在沿导体长度的适当地点被切断,每一切断部分的长度均被直接连到地电位。
使用上述形式的电缆允许绕组外层包皮的整个长度以及装置的其他部分保持在地电位。一个重要的优点是外层半导电层之外的线圈端部区域内的电场接近于零。由于外层包皮上的地电位,电场不需要控制。这意味着无论是在磁芯中、在线圈端部区域还是在它们之间的过渡区都不会出现电场集中。
绝缘和/或不绝缘的碰触绞合线,或交叉绞合线的混合,其结果是产生低的杂散损失。
使用在磁路绕组中的高压电缆用一个具有多个绞合线、至少一个半导电层的内芯/导体建造,最内层用一个绝缘层包裹,绝缘层又被一个具有10-250mm数量级的外直径和40-3000mm2数量级的导体面积的外层半导电层裹住。
如果根据本发明的装置中至少一种机器用所说明的方法建造,则客车机车中所用电机的起动和控制可以用引言讨论的文献中以例子的方式叙述本身所知道的起动方法达到。
根据本发明的一个特别优选实施例,至少这些层的两层最好是全部三层具有同一样的热膨胀系数。如此获得的决定性好处是缺陷、裂缝等等都在绕组的热运动期间失去了作用。
在本发明的另一个方面,达到所述目的在于权利要求28的前序中所述型式的系统具有该权利要求的特征部分界定的专门特性。
由于适当固定的绝缘系统被设计得根据热和电的观点将其范围定成36kV以上,所以系统能够不用任何中间降压变压器就连接到高压电力网络,从而获得上面指出的优点。这样一种系统最好但不是必须建造成包括根据权利要求1-27任何一条为系统界定的特性。
本发明的上述以及其他有益的实施例界定在相关的权利要求中。
下面参照附图对建造装置中电气机器磁路的优选实施例的详细叙述,将更详细地叙述本发明,在附图中:
图1示出根据本发明的装置的电气机器定子扇面的一个示意性轴端视图;
图2示出根据图1的定子绕组中所用电缆的逐级剥开端视图;
图3示出根据已知技术用于铁路运营中的牵引电机供电的基本电路;
图4示出一个根据本发明用于铁路运营中的牵引电机供电的与图3所示相当的基本电路;
图5示出一个根据本发明用于铁路运营中的牵引电机供电的替代实施例的基本电路。
在根据图1借助定子1的一个扇面的示意性轴向视图中,关于根据本发明的装置所包含的旋转型电气机器,也示出了机器的转子2。定子1以常规方式用叠层磁芯组成。数字1示出相当于一个极距的机器扇面。若干个齿4从位于径向最外层的磁芯轭形部分3沿径向朝转子2延伸并被其中安排有定子绕组的槽5隔开。组成这个定子绕组的电缆6可以是和用于配电的那些基本上同一型式的高压电缆。一个不同之处是通常包裹住这种配电电缆的外层机械保护包皮和金属屏蔽被取消了,使得本申请的电缆仅由导体和绝缘层两侧的至少一层半导电层组成。这样一来,对机械损害敏感的半导电层就裸露在电缆的表面上。
电缆6示意性地示于图1中,仅画出每个电缆零件或线圈侧边的中央导电部分。正像所能看到的一样,每一个槽5都具有宽部分7和窄部分8交替变化的横截面。宽部分7基本是圆形并环绕电缆线。这些部分之间的腰部形成窄部分8。腰部的作用是径向固定每一根电缆的位置。槽5的横截面还沿径向朝内逐渐变窄。这是因为电缆零件的所在位置越靠近定子1的径向内侧部分,电缆零件上的电压越低的缘故。因此在那里可以使用较细的电缆线,而在更外一些的地点则需要较粗的电缆线。在所述的例子中,使用了三种不同尺寸的电缆,分别安排在槽5的三个相应尺寸的部分51、52、53。
上述以电缆6建造的用于旋转式电气机器的磁路也应用到静态电气机器例如变压器、电抗器绕组等等上。从设计和制造的观点看有下面的重要优点:
·变压器的绕组建造可以不考虑任何电场扰动,并且已知技术中困难的零件交叉已无必要。
·变压器磁芯可以设计得不考虑任何电场扰动;
·不需要任何油用于电缆和绕组的电绝缘,可以用电缆和绕组周围的空气代替;
·不需要任何专门的绝缘套管像在充油变压器的情形那样用于变压器的外部连线和位于其内的线圈/绕组之间的电气连通。
·具有上述磁路的干式变压器所需要的制造和测试技术比常规变压器所需要的简单得多。
图2示出用在根据本发明的装置所包括的电气机器中的高压电缆的一个逐级剥开的端视图。高压电缆6由一个或多个导体31组成。每个导体包括一起给出例如说一个圆形的铜截面(Cu)的若干绞合线36。这些导体31安排在高压电缆6的中央,并且在所示的实施例中用一个绝缘层部分35包裹住。但是,在导体31中的一个导体上省去绝缘层部分也是行得通的。在本发明的所示实施例中,导体31被一个第一半导电层32包裹在一起。在这个第一半导电层32周围的是一个绝缘层33,例如PEX绝缘层,后者本身又被一个第二半导电层34包裹住。于是,“高压电缆”的概念在本申请中不需要包括通常包裹这种电力配电电缆的那一类型的任何金属屏蔽或外包皮。
使用设置有上述型式的磁路的电气机器使得牵引电机的电源以及牵引电机本身能够大大简化并做得效率更高。在使用交流电压的铁路运营中,目前使用的电源电压一般为供电线104中的16kV,
或25Hz,50Hz,机车110借助其电流采集器112用它供应一个或多个牵引电机114,如图3所示。
为了给供电线104供电,这个已知的供电装置需要一个变压器101,为的是将来自普通三相配电网络100的电压例如130或220kV,50或60Hz的电压降压到16或25kV,50或60Hz。还需要一个变频器102将电压变为单相并且在使用16kV的情形变为
Hz馈出到铁路供电线104上。
已知用于交流电压的牵引电机通常使用最高达到1kV的电压驱动,因而机车必须装备变压器113和速度控制设备,在现代机车中后者由可控硅构成。
用在已知装置中的变压器都是充油的,并且有若干机械的和电气的缺点,此外还引起环境问题。已知装置中用于变频和运行的旋转式机器102和104所具有各种不同的问题,既有机械的也有电气的,都可以被处理到或多或少令人满意的程度。
通过根据本发明设计装置所包括的至少一个电气机器中的磁路,上述问题可以消除或者以任何速度减至最小。
按照根据本发明装置的一个实施例,供电线104的电压由不带任何中间压器的三相配电网络直接驱动的电动机发电机105提供。电动机发电机105包括一个直接连到配电网络100的三相电动机106,电动机的磁路用上面参照图1和2叙述的方法组成。三相电动机的主轴107是与一个同属于电动机发电机105并靠三相电动机驱动的发电机108的公共轴。发电机108的磁路用和参照图1和2所述同一样的方式适当建造(但不是必须具有这一设计)。发电机108供应铁路供电线104上使用的电压型式。
常规的机车和长途汽车110可以使用从发电机108供给供电线104的电。但是,使用装备着一个或多个具有根据参照图1和2的叙述设计的磁路的牵引电机115(图4)的机车或长途汽车会得到更重要的优点。如此,这种牵引电机由供电线104直接驱动而不用任何中间变压器或可控硅控制。因此,除了已经提到的优点之外,这还提供了减少机车/长途汽车的重量并因而改善铁路公司经济的重大优点。
图4所示装置的另一个实施例展现在用同样的电动机发电机105给铁路供电线104供电的图5中。但是,机车/长途汽车110在这里装备一个上面参照图1所述型式的干式变压器116,由它来给常规的牵引电机114供电。
虽然上面在附图中指出了某些电压数值,但这些仅作为例子考虑。同样,常规设计的电气机器和配备有根据本发明的磁路的机器的各种不同组合在根据本发明的装置中也是行得通的。因此,本发明将不被看作仅限于参照附图叙述的装置,而是覆盖所附权利要求书中界定的一切可行装置。
Claims (42)
1.一种用于驱动车辆例如说铁路机车和长途汽车的电气驱动系统,其中电力由配电网络通过架空导体和至少一个牵引电机传输到车辆的机械驱动轴上,系统包括至少一个安排在配电网络和驱动轴之间的电气机器,每个电气机器具有至少一个绕组,其特征在于至少一个所述机器具有包括一个绝缘系统的绕组,绝缘系统由每一层基本上构成一个等位面的至少两个半导电层和它们之间的绝缘层组成。
2.根据权利要求1的驱动系统,其特征在于至少一个所述层具有和固体绝缘层基本一样的热膨胀系数。
3.根据权利要求1的驱动系统,其特征在于所述至少一个机器包括一个具有磁芯的磁路。
4.根据权利要求3的驱动系统,其特征在于装置中所述至少一个机器(105,116)内磁路的磁芯中的磁通路径包括叠层薄钢板和/或粗锻铁和/或铸铁和/或基于粉末的铁。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一条的驱动系统,其特征在于固体绝缘层是用准备用于高电压的电缆(6)建成的,电缆包括一个或多个用至少两层半导电层(32,34)与固体绝缘层的中间绝缘层(33)包裹的载流导体(31)。
6.根据权利要求5的驱动系统,其特征在于最里层的半导电层(32)处于基本上和导体(31)同一样的电位。
7.根据权利要求5或权利要求6的驱动系统,其特征在于一个外层半导电层(34)被安排得形成一个包围导体(31)的基本等位面。
8.权利要求6的驱动系统,其中半导体层(34)接到选定的电位。
9.根据权利要求8的驱动系统,其特征在于所选定的电位是地电位。
10.根据权利要求5-7任一条的驱动系统,其特征在于载流导体包括多个绞合线,仅有少数几个绞合线不是互相绝缘。
11.根据权利要求1-10任一条的驱动系统,其特征在于绕组包括一个电缆,电缆包括一个或多个载流导体(2),每一个导体由若干绞合线组成,一个内层半导电层(3)被安排在每一导体的周围,固体绝缘层的一个绝缘层(4)被安排在每个内层半导电层(3)的周围以及一个外层半导电层(5)被安排在每个绝缘层(4)的周围。
12.根据权利要求11的驱动系统,其特征在于电缆还包括一个金属屏蔽和包皮。
13.根据前面任一条权利要求的驱动系统,其特征在于磁路包含有空气和其他气体。
14.根据权利要求3的驱动系统,其特征在于磁路的绕组,以及还有用于系统部件之间的高强度电流的固定绝缘连接导体均使用电缆(6)生产,电缆(6)具有用于高电压的固体绝缘层并包括至少两个半导电层(32,34)以及还有可以是绝缘或不绝缘的绞合线。
15.根据权利要求5或权利要求14的驱动系统,其特征在于高压电缆(6)具有一个在30和3000mm2之间的导体面积并具有一个在10和250mm之间的电缆外径。
16.根据前面任一条权利要求的驱动系统,其特征在于外层半导电层(34)连接到地电位。
17.根据前面任一条权利要求的驱动系统,其特征在于至少一个所述机器的绕组被安排用于自己调整场控制并且没有用于场控制的辅助装置。
18.根据前面任一条权利要求的驱动系统,其特征在于所述至少一个所述机器中的一个被安排在配电网络和供电线之间。
19.根据权利要求18的驱动系统,其特征在于所述机器是一个用于从配电网络的电压电平降压变压到架空导体的电压电平的变压器。
20.根据权利要求18的驱动系统,其特征在于所述机器是一个电动机发电机,其中电动机用配电网络的电压供电,发电机则发送一个相当于供电线的电压电平的电压。
21.根据权利要求20的驱动系统,其特征在于电动机的转子主轴直接连到发电机主轴。
22.根据权利要求20或权利要求21的驱动系统,其特征在于发电机是单相型式的。
23.根据权利要求22的驱动系统,其特征在于发电机的频率是网络频率的整数部分,最好是
、20或25Hz。
24.根据前面任一条权利要求的驱动系统,其特征在于所述至少一个机器中的至少一个被安排在车辆中。
25.根据权利要求24的驱动系统,其特征在于所述至少一个被安排在车辆中的机器是一个用于将架空导体的电压降压变压到牵引电机的电压的变压器。
26.根据权利要求24的驱动系统,其特征在于被安排在车辆中的至少一个机器是车辆中的至少一个牵引电机。
27.根据权利要求26的驱动系统,其特征在于所述至少一个牵引电机用供电线的电压直接供电而不用中间连接另外的电气机器。
28.一种用于驱动车辆例如铁路机车和长途汽车的电驱动系统,其中电力系从配电网络经由架空导体和至少一个牵引电机传输到车辆的机械驱动轴上,系统包括至少两个安排在配电网络和驱动轴之间电气机器,每个电气机器具有至少一个绕组,其特征在于至少一个所述机器具有包括一个绝缘层系统的绕组,在其热特性和电特性方面允许机器中的电压电平超过36kV。
29.根据权利要求28的电驱动系统,其特征在于机器包括权利要求1-27任一条所界定的特性。
30.一种位于配电网络和准备用于以电力运行车辆的架空导体之间的电力传输装置,包括一个配备有至少一个绕组的电气机器,其特征在于绕组包括一个绝缘系统,绝缘系统包括每层构成一个基本等位面的至少两层半导电层和一个位于其间的绝缘层。
31.根据权利要求30的装置,其特征在于机器是一个从配电网络的电压电平降压变压到架空导体的电压电平的变压器。
32.根据权利要求31的装置,其特征在于机器是一个电动机发电机,其中电动机用配电网络的电压供电并且发电机发送出相当于架空导体电压电平的电压。
33.根据权利要求32的装置,其特征在于电动机发电机包括根据权利要求22-24任一条为电动机发电机界定的特性。
34.根据权利要求31-32任一条的装置,其特征在于机器包括根据权利要求2-17任一条为所述至少一个机器界定的特性。
35.一种用于从配电网络向准备用于以电力驱动车辆的架空导体传输电力的过程,其特征在于电力用根据权利要求30-34任一条的装置传输。
36.车辆例如铁路机车或长途汽车中的一种电气机器,其中电力从架空导体获得,所述机器被安排得从架空导体向车辆的驱动轴传输电力,并且所述机器配备至少一个绕组,其特征在于绕组包括一个绝缘层系统,绝缘层系统包括每层基本构成一个等位表面的至少两个半导电层和位于它们之间的绝缘层。
37.根据权利要求36的电气机器,其特征在于机器是一个用于从架空导体的电压降压变压到车辆中的牵引电机电压的变压器。
38.根据权利要求37的电气机器,其特征在于变压器被冷却在地电位。
39.根据权利要求36或权利要求38的电气机器,其特征在于变压器的磁路是磁芯或薄壳型的。
40.根据权利要求36的电气机器,其特征在于机器是一个不用中间变压器连接到架空导体的牵引电机。
41.根据权利要求36-40任一条的电气机器,其特征在于机器包括根据权利要求2 17任一条为所述至少一个机器界定的特性。
42.一种从架空导体获得电力的电驱动车辆,其特征在于车辆配备有根据权利要求36-41任一条的至少一个机器。
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SE9602079A SE9602079D0 (sv) | 1996-05-29 | 1996-05-29 | Roterande elektriska maskiner med magnetkrets för hög spänning och ett förfarande för tillverkning av densamma |
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CN97195026A Expired - Fee Related CN1100377C (zh) | 1996-05-29 | 1997-05-27 | 同步补偿装置 |
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CN2008100850759A Expired - Fee Related CN101242125B (zh) | 1996-05-29 | 1997-05-27 | 非同步旋转转换器和发电机装置 |
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FR841351A (fr) | 1938-01-19 | 1939-05-17 | Procédé de fabrication de circuits magnétiques feuilletés ou divisés | |
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FR1238795A (fr) | 1959-07-06 | 1960-08-19 | Fournitures Pour L Electrolyse | Perfectionnements apportés aux transformateurs électriques |
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AT340523B (de) | 1976-04-27 | 1977-12-27 | Hitzinger & Co Dipl Ing | Burstenloser synchrongenerator |
HU175494B (hu) | 1976-04-29 | 1980-08-28 | Magyar Kabel Muevek | Ehkranirovannyj silovoj kabel' |
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FR2376542A1 (fr) | 1976-12-30 | 1978-07-28 | Aroshidze Jury | Stator de machine electrique |
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1997
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- 1997-05-27 CN CN200910128640XA patent/CN101546932B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1997-05-27 DE DE19781791T patent/DE19781791T1/de not_active Withdrawn
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