CN113661660B - 估计最佳相位的方法、无线电力发射设备及存储介质 - Google Patents

估计最佳相位的方法、无线电力发射设备及存储介质 Download PDF

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CN113661660B
CN113661660B CN202080026967.0A CN202080026967A CN113661660B CN 113661660 B CN113661660 B CN 113661660B CN 202080026967 A CN202080026967 A CN 202080026967A CN 113661660 B CN113661660 B CN 113661660B
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A·萨拉杰迪尼
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/24—Monitoring; Testing of receivers with feedback of measurements to the transmitter
    • H04B5/72—
    • H04B5/79—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/001—Energy harvesting or scavenging

Abstract

一种方法包括接收指示接收器在发射器的无线电力传输范围内的无线通信信号。响应于接收，方法进一步包括使用相应天线的至少两个测试相位来发射多个射频(RF)测试信号。方法进一步包括：接收标识由以至少两个测试相位中的第一测试相位发射的第一RF测试信号输送到接收器的第一电力量的信息；接收标识由以至少两个测试相位中的第二测试相位传输的第二RF测试信号输送到接收器的第二电力量的信息；以及基于第一电力量和第二电力量来确定相应天线的最佳相位。

Description

估计最佳相位的方法、无线电力发射设备及存储介质
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及无线电力传输，并且更具体地，涉及调整电力传输信号的特性以增加无线输送到接收器的可用电力。
背景技术
人们每天都在使用如智能电话、平板计算机、笔记本电脑和其他电子设备等便携式电子设备进行相互交流和互动。然而，电子设备的频繁使用需要大量的电力，这导致设备的电池耗尽。因此，设备可能需要每天至少充电一次，或者对于一些高需求的电子设备，需要每天充电超过一次。因此，用户经常需要将其设备插入电源中以对其设备进行再充电。此活动既繁琐又繁重，并且用户可能需要随身携带充电器，以防其便携式电子设备需要充电。用户还需要找到可用的电源(例如，壁装插座)来使用充电器。
为了解决该问题，已经设计了无线电力传输系统以将电力从一个或多个发射器无线传输到一个或多个接收器。这种发射器包括被配置成无线发射电力的天线或线圈。发射的电力在接收器处接收并由接收器采集。为了最大化接收器所接收的电力，可以计算发射器的各个天线的相位值以最大化接收器所接收的电力。
然而，目前用于确定最佳相位的解决方案涉及针对每个天线在360度(或2π)范围内顺序地递增相位，并且然后监测在每个相位值下在接收器处接收的电力量。然后，选择对应于最大接收电力的相位作为发射器天线的相位。此过程消耗了宝贵的资源，如时间、能量和不必要的处理周期。随着相位和天线数量的增加，执行这种方法所需的时间和处理量急剧增加。另外，由于检查了每个增量相位，发射器所发射的无线信号更容易受到噪声失真的影响。
发明内容
因此，需要一种无线电力发射器，其能够估计向接收器发射RF电力的最佳相位，节省时间和处理，同时降低对噪声失真的敏感性。一个实施例基于两个(或三个)不同相位的RF测试信号来估计最佳相位，而不是穷尽性地搜索RF测试信号的整个相位周期来寻找最佳相位。本文公开的发射器使用几种方法来估计天线阵列的最佳发射器相位。
(A1)在一些实施例中，一种方法在无线电力发射设备处执行，并且所述方法包括由包括天线阵列的无线电力发射设备的无线通信无线电装置接收无线通信信号，所述无线通信信号指示无线电力接收设备在所述无线电力发射设备的无线电力传输范围内。所述方法进一步包括：响应于接收到所述无线通信信号(即，在确定所述无线电力发射设备在所述无线电力传输范围内时)，经由所述无线电力发射设备的天线阵列中的相应天线使用针对所述相应天线的多个可用相位中的至少两个测试相位(所述至少两个测试相位是不同相位)来发射多个射频(RF)测试信号。重要的是，所述多个可用相位包括除了所述至少两个测试相位之外的相位(例如，相位值)。所述方法进一步包括：(i)从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的以所述至少两个测试相位中的第一测试相位发射的第一RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备(即，由所述无线电力接收设备接收)的第一电力量的信息；以及(ii)从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的以所述至少两个测试相位中的第二测试相位发射的第二RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备(即，由所述无线电力接收设备接收)的第二电力量的信息。所述方法进一步包括：基于输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量和所述第二电力量从针对所述无线电力发射设备的所述相应天线的所述多个可用相位中确定最佳相位。应注意，所述至少两个测试相位可以是预定的。
(A2)在如A1所述的一些实施例中，不使用除了所述至少两个测试相位之外的相位来发射附加RF测试信号。
(A3)在如A1至A2中任一项所述的一些实施例中，所述最佳相位是除了所述至少两个测试相位之外的相位之一。
(A4)在如A1至A3中任一项所述的一些实施例中，所述方法进一步包括：经由所述无线电力发射设备的所述相应天线向所述无线电力接收设备发射具有所述最佳相位的一个或多个RF电力信号，其中，所述无线电力接收设备使用来自所述一个或多个RF电力信号的电力来给自身供电或充电。在一些实施例中，所述RF电力信号具有第一电力电平，并且所述RF测试信号具有第二电力电平，所述第二电力电平小于所述第一电力电平。
(A5)在如A1至A4中任一项所述的一些实施例中，发射所述多个RF测试信号进一步包括：响应于从所述无线电力接收设备接收到所述无线通信信号来发射所述多个RF测试信号中的第一RF测试信号；以及响应于从所述无线电力接收设备接收到附加无线通信信号来发射所述多个RF测试信号中的第二RF测试信号。
(A6)在如A1至A5中任一项所述的一些实施例中，所述相应天线是第一天线；并且所述多个RF测试信号是第一多个RF测试信号。此外，在一些实施例中，所述方法进一步包括：响应于接收到所述无线通信信号：经由所述天线阵列中的每个附加天线发射相应多个RF测试信号，每个RF测试信号使用所述至少两个测试相位发射；针对每个附加天线从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的第一RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第一电力量的信息，所述第一RF测试信号是以所述至少两个测试相位中的第一测试相位发射的；针对每个附加天线从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的第二RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第二电力量的信息，所述第二RF测试信号是以所述至少两个测试相位中的第二测试相位发射的；以及基于由每个附加天线输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量和第二电力量从所述无线电力发射设备的每个附加天线的所述多个可用相位中确定最佳相位。
(A7)在如A6所述的一些实施例中，所述第一天线的最佳相位不同于所述天线阵列中的至少一个其他天线的最佳相位。
(A8)在如A6至A7中任一项所述的一些实施例中，在由所述天线阵列中的其他天线发射所述多个RF测试信号之前，发射所述第一多个RF测试信号。
(A9)在如A1至A8中任一项所述的一些实施例中，所述至少两个不同相位的相应值相隔预定义间隔(例如，预定义量/数量的相位)。
(A10)在如A9所述的一些实施例中，所述预定义间隔对应于纯正弦波的已知特性。
(A11)在如A1至A10中任一项所述的一些实施例中，经由第一附加无线通信信号接收标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量的所述信息；以及经由第二附加无线通信信号接收标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第二电力量的所述信息。
(A12)在如A1至A11中任一项所述的一些实施例中，在附加无线通信信号中一起接收标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量的所述信息和标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第二电力量的所述信息。
(A13)在如A1至A12中任一项所述的一些实施例中，所述方法进一步包括：从所述无线电力接收设备接收所述标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的第三RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第三电力量的信息，所述第三RF测试信号是以所述至少两个测试相位中的第三测试相位发射的；以及基于输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第一电力量、第二电力量和第三电力量从针对所述无线电力发射设备的所述相应天线的所述多个可用相位中确定最佳相位。
(A14)在如A1至A13中任一项所述的一些实施例中，标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量的所述信息指示并且输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第一可用电力量。此外，标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第二电力量的所述信息指示输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第二可用电力量。
(A15)在另一方面，提供了一种无线电力发射设备(例如，图1至图2的发射器102)。在一些实施例中，所述无线电力发射设备包括：无线通信无线电装置；天线阵列；一个或多个处理器；以及存储器，所述存储器存储用于由所述一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序包括用于使所述无线电力发射设备执行如A1至A14中任一项所述的方法的指令。
(A16)在又一方面，提供了一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质。所述非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序被配置成用于由包括无线通信无线电装置和天线阵列的无线电力发射设备的一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于使所述无线电力发射设备执行如A1至A14中任一项所述的方法的指令。
(A17)在又一方面，提供了一种无线电力发射设备(例如，图1至图2的发射器102)，并且所述无线电力发射设备包括用于执行如A1至A14中任一项所述的方法的装置。
(B1)在一些实施例中，另一种方法在无线电力发射设备处执行，并且所述方法包括由包括天线阵列的无线电力发射设备的无线通信无线电装置接收无线通信信号，所述无线通信信号指示无线电力接收设备在所述无线电力发射设备的无线电力传输范围内。所述方法进一步包括，响应于接收到所述无线通信信号(即，在确定所述无线电力发射设备在所述无线电力传输范围内时)：经由所述无线电力发射设备的天线阵列中的相应天线：(i)以针对所述相应天线的多个可用相位中的第一测试相位发射第一射频(RF)测试信号，以及(ii)以所述多个可用相位中的第二测试相位发射第二RF测试信号，其中，所述第一测试相位和第二测试相位相隔所述可用测试相位的数量。可用相位包括一系列相位值，并且选择第一测试相位和第二测试相位，使得来自所述一系列相位值的阈值数量的相位值将第一测试相位和第二测试相位分隔开。
所述方法进一步包括：从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识分别由所述第一RF测试信号和第二RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量和第二电力量的信息。所述方法进一步包括，响应于确定所述第一电力量大于所述第二电力量：(i)选择所述第一测试相位作为参考测试相位；以及(ii)经由相应天线分别以第三测试相位和第四测试相位发射第三RF测试信号和第四RF测试信号。重要的是，所述第三测试相位是大于所述第一测试相位的相位值，并且所述第四测试相位是小于所述第一测试相位的相位值。
(B2)在如B1所述的一些实施例中，所述方法进一步包括标识分别由所述第三RF测试信号和第四RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第三电力量和第四电力量的信息。
(B3)在如B2所述的一些实施例中，所述方法进一步包括，根据确定所述第三测试相位和第四测试相位各自与所述参考测试相位(即，所述第一测试相位)相邻：(i)对所述第一电力量、第三电力量和第四电力量进行相互比较；以及(ii)从所述第一电力量、第三电力量和第四电力量中选择具有最高电力量的相位作为针对所述相应天线的最佳相位。
(B4)在如B2所述的一些实施例中，所述方法进一步包括，根据确定所述第三测试相位和第四测试相位各自不与所述参考测试相位(即，所述第一测试相位)相邻并且响应于确定所述第三电力量大于所述第四电力量：(i)选择所述第三测试相位作为所述参考测试相位(即，选择新的参考测试相位)；以及(ii)经由所述相应天线分别以第五测试相位和第六测试相位发射第五RF测试信号和第六RF测试信号。在一些实施例中，所述第五测试相位是大于所述第三测试相位的相位值，并且所述第六测试相位是小于所述第三测试相位的相位值。
(B5)在如B4所述的一些实施例中，所述方法进一步包括，根据确定所述第五测试相位和第六测试相位各自与所述参考测试相位(即，所述第三测试相位)相邻：(i)相互比较所述第三电力量、第五电力量和第六电力量；以及(ii)从所述第三电力量、第五电力量和第六电力量中选择具有最高电力量的相位作为针对所述相应天线的最佳相位。
(B6)在另一方面，提供了一种无线电力发射设备(例如，图1至图2的发射器102)。在一些实施例中，所述无线电力发射设备包括：无线通信无线电装置；天线阵列；一个或多个处理器；以及存储器，所述存储器存储用于由所述一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序包括用于使所述无线电力发射设备执行如B1至B5中任一项所述的方法的指令。
(B7)在又一方面，提供了一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质。所述非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序被配置成用于由包括无线通信无线电装置和天线阵列的无线电力发射设备的一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于使所述无线电力发射设备执行如B1至B5中任一项所述的方法的指令。
(B8)在又一方面，提供了一种无线电力发射设备(例如，图1至图2的发射器102)，并且所述无线电力发射设备包括用于执行如B1至B5中任一项所述的方法的装置。
(C1)在一些实施例中，在无线电力发射设备处执行另一种方法，所述无线电力发射设备包括无线通信无线电装置以及一个或多个天线的天线阵列，所述天线阵列被配置成以预定的多个不同相位发射用于无线电力输送的RF信号。所述方法包括：由所述无线电力发射设备的无线通信无线电装置接收无线通信信号，所述无线通信信号指示无线电力接收设备在所述无线电力发射设备的无线电力传输范围内。所述方法还包括，在确定所述无线电力发射设备在所述无线电力传输范围内时：由所述天线阵列中的天线发射多个 RF测试信号，每个RF测试信号处于从所述预定的多个不同相位的相位子集中选择的不同相位。例如，如果预定的多个不同相位(本文也被称为“多个可用相位”)由1/16、 2/16、3/16、4/16、5/16、6/16、7/16、8/16、9/16、10/16、11/16、12/16、13/16、14/16、 15/16和16/16构成，则所述多个RF测试信号的差相位可以是4/16和10/16或3/16、8/16 和13/16(或其他某种组合)。所述方法进一步包括：(i)针对由所述无线电力接收设备接收的所述多个RF测试信号中的每一个RF测试信号，接收标识由所述无线电力接收设备接收的相应电力量的信息；以及(ii)基于所述信息从所述多个不同相位中确定用于将无线电力从所述天线发射到所述无线电力接收设备的最佳相位。
(C2)在如C1所述的一些实施例中，所述多个RF测试信号的不同相位各自彼此相隔一相位差(例如，5/16相位差或其他某个相位差)。
(C3)在如C2所述的一些实施例中，所述相位差是预定的。
(C4)在如C1至C3中任一项所述的一些实施例中，发射所述多个RF测试信号包括：(i)以第一相位发射第一RF测试信号；以及(ii)以不同于所述第一相位的第二相位发射第二RF测试信号。此外，接收所述信息包括针对由所述无线电力接收设备接收的所述第一RF测试信号和第二RF测试信号中的每一个测试信号，接收标识由所述无线电力接收设备接收的相应电力量的信息。
(C5)在如C4所述的一些实施例中，所述方法进一步包括，在确定所述最佳相位之前：(i)确定所述无线电力接收设备从所述第一RF测试信号接收的电力比从所述第二RF 测试信号接收的电力更多；以及(ii)在确定所述无线电力接收设备从所述第一RF测试信号接收的电力比从所述第二RF测试信号接收的电力更多时，以第三相位发射第三RF 测试信号，所述第三相位大于所述第一相位并且所述第三相位不同于所述第二相位；以及以第四相位发射第四RF测试信号，所述第四相位小于所述第一相位，并且所述第四相位不同于所述第二相位和所述第三相位。所述方法可以进一步包括：针对由所述无线电力接收设备接收的第三RF测试信号和第四RF测试信号中的每一个测试信号，接收标识由所述无线电力接收设备接收的相应电力量的信息。
(C6)在如C5所述的一些实施例中，所确定的最佳相位是所述第一相位、第三相位和第四相位中的一个相位。
(C7)在如C1至C3中任一项所述的一些实施例中，发射所述多个RF测试信号由分别以第一相位和第二相位发射第一RF测试信号和第二RF测试信号构成。此外，所述最佳相位是介于所述第一相位与第二相位之间或等于所述第一相位和第二相位的相位。
(C8)在如C7所述的一些实施例中，确定所述最佳相位包括从所述第一相位和第二相位内插出所述最佳相位。
(C9)在如C1至C3中任一项所述的一些实施例中，发射所述多个RF测试信号由分别以第一相位、第二相位和第三相位发射第一RF测试信号、第二RF测试信号和第三RF 测试信号构成。此外，确定所述最佳相位包括从所述第一相位、第二相位和第三相位内插出所述最佳相位。
(C10)在另一方面，提供了一种无线电力发射设备(例如，图1至图2的发射器102)。在一些实施例中，所述无线电力发射设备包括：无线通信无线电装置；一个或多个天线的天线阵列，所述天线阵列被配置成以预定的多个不同相位发射用于无线电力输送的射频(RF)信号；一个或多个处理器；以及存储器，所述存储器存储用于由所述一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序包括用于使所述无线电力发射设备执行如C1至C9中任一项所述的方法的指令。
(C11)在又一方面，提供了一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质。所述非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储被配置成用于由无线电力发射设备的一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，所述无线电力发射设备包括无线通信无线电装置以及一个或多个天线的天线阵列，所述天线阵列被配置成以预定的多个不同相位发射用于无线电力输送的射频(RF)信号，所述一个或多个程序包括用于使所述无线电力发射设备执行如C1至C9中任一项中所描述的方法的指令。
(C12)在又一方面，提供了一种无线电力发射设备(例如，图1至图2的发射器102)，并且所述无线电力发射设备包括用于执行如C1至C9中任一项所述的方法的装置。
附图说明
为了可以更详细地理解本公开，可以通过参考各种实施例的特征来获得更具体的描述，在附图中图示了所述实施例中的一些实施例。然而，附图仅图示了本公开的相关特征，并且因此不应被认为是限制性的，因为所述描述可承认其他有效特征。
图1是图示了根据一些实施例的代表性无线电力传输系统的框图。
图2是图示了根据一些实施例的代表性发射器设备的框图。
图3是图示了根据一些实施例的代表性接收器设备的框图。
图4A至图4B是图示了根据一些实施例的由发射器的天线发射的射频(RF)测试信号的示例正弦函数的绘图。
图5A至图5C是图示了根据一些实施例的估计用于天线阵列中的各个天线的最佳相位的方法的流程图。
图6A至图6B是图示了根据一些实施例的估计用于天线阵列中的各个天线的最佳相位的方法的模拟结果的绘图。
图7是图示了根据一些实施例的估计最佳相位的方法的流程图。
根据惯例，附图中图示的各种特征可能未按比例绘制。因此，为了清楚起见，可以任意地增大或减小各种特征的尺寸。另外，一些附图可能未描绘给定系统、方法或设备的所有部件。最后，在整个说明书和附图中，类似的附图标记可以用于表示类似的特征。
具体实施方式
为了提供对附图中图示的示例实施例的透彻理解，本文描述了大量细节。然而，可以在没有所述具体细节中的许多具体细节的情况下实践一些实施例，并且权利要求的范围仅由在权利要求中具体叙述的那些特征和方面限制。此外，未详尽地描述已知的过程、部件和材料，以免不必要地模糊本文所述实施例的相关方面。
图1是根据一些实施例的无线电力传输环境100的部件的框图。无线电力传输环境100包括例如发射器102(例如，发射器102a、102b…102n)和一个或多个接收器120(例如，接收器120a、120b…120n)。在一些实施例中，每个相应无线电力传输环境100包括多个接收器120，每个接收器与相应电子设备122相关联。在一些实例中，发射器102 在本文被称为“无线电力发射设备”或“无线电力发射器”另外，在一些实例中，接收器120在本文被称为“无线电力接收设备”或“无线电力接收器”。
示例发射器102(例如，发射器102a)包括例如一个或多个处理器104、存储器106、一个或多个天线阵列110、一个或多个通信部件112(本文也称为“无线通信无线电装置”、“通信无线电装置”或简称为“无线电装置”)和/或一个或多个发射器传感器114。在一些实施例中，这些部件通过通信总线108互连。对发射器102的这些部件的提及涵盖了包括这些部件中的一个或多个(及其组合)的实施例。下文参考图2进一步详细地讨论该部件。
在一些实施例中，单个处理器104(例如，发射器102a的处理器104)执行用于控制多个发射器102(例如，发射器102b…102n)的软件模块。在一些实施例中，单个发射器102(例如，发射器102a)包括多个处理器104，如一个或多个发射器处理器(被配置成例如控制通过天线阵列110进行的对信号116的发射)、一个或多个通信部件处理器 (被配置成例如控制通信部件112发射的通信和/或通过通信部件112接收通信)和/或一个或多个传感器处理器(被配置成例如控制发射器传感器114的操作和/或从发射器传感器114接收输出)。
无线电力接收器120接收由发射器102发射的电力传输信号116和/或通信信号118。在一些实施例中，接收器120包括一个或多个天线124(例如，包括多个天线元件的天线阵列)、电力转换器126、接收器传感器128和/或其他部件或电路(例如，(多个)处理器140、存储器142和/或(多个)通信部件144)。在一些实施例中，这些部件通过通信总线146互连。对接收器120的这些部件的提及涵盖了包括这些部件中的一个或多个 (及其组合)的实施例。
接收器120将来自接收到的信号116(本文也称为RF电力传输信号，或简称为RF 信号、RF波、电力波或电力传输信号)的能量转换成电能，以对电子设备122进行供电和/或充电。例如，接收器120使用电力转换器126将从电力波116得到的能量转换成交流电(AC)或直流电(DC)以对电子设备122进行供电和/或充电。电力转换器126的非限制性示例包括整流器、整流电路、电压调节器以及合适的电路和设备。
在一些实施例中，接收器120是可拆卸地耦接至一个或多个电子设备122的独立设备。例如，电子设备122具有用于控制电子设备122的一个或多个功能的(多个)处理器132，并且接收器120具有用于控制接收器120的一个或多个功能的(多个)处理器 140。
在一些实施例中，接收器120是电子设备122的部件。例如，处理器132控制电子设备122和接收器120的功能。另外，在一些实施例中，接收器120包括一个或多个处理器140，一个或多个处理器与电子设备122的处理器132通信。
在一些实施例中，电子设备122包括一个或多个处理器132、存储器134、一个或多个通信部件136和/或一个或多个电池130。在一些实施例中，这些部件通过通信总线138 互连。在一些实施例中，电子设备122与接收器120之间的通信经由(多个)通信部件 136和/或144发生。在一些实施例中，电子设备122与接收器120之间的通信经由通信总线138与通信总线146之间的有线连接发生。在一些实施例中，电子设备122和接收器120共享单个通信总线。
在一些实施例中，接收器120直接从发射器102(例如，经由一个或多个天线124)接收一个或多个电力波116。在一些实施例中，接收器120从由发射器102发射的一个或多个电力波116产生的一个或多个能量袋中采集电力波。在一些实施例中，发射器102 是在近场距离内(例如，背离发射器102小于大约六英寸)发射一个或多个电力波116的近场发射器。在其他实施例中，发射器102是在远场距离内(例如，背离发射器102超过大约六英寸)发射一个或多个电力波116的远场发射器。
在接收到电力波116和/或从能量袋中采集到能量之后，接收器120的电路(例如，集成电路、放大器、整流器和/或电压调节器)将电力波(例如，射频电磁辐射)的能量转换成可用电力(即，电)，该可用电力对电子设备122进行供电和/或被储存至电子设备122的电池130中。在一些实施例中，接收器120的整流电路将电能从AC转化为DC，以供电子设备122使用。在一些实施例中，电压调节电路根据电子设备122的需要增大或减小电能的电压。在一些实施例中，继电器将电能从接收器120传送到电子设备122。
在一些实施例中，电子设备122从多个发射器102和/或使用多个接收器120获得电力。在一些实施例中，无线电力传输环境100包括多个电子设备122，每个电子设备具有至少一个用于从发射器102采集电力波转换成电力以供电子设备122充电的相应接收器 120。
在一些实施例中，一个或多个发射器102调整电力波116的一个或多个特性(例如，波形特性，如相位、增益、方向、振幅、极化和/或频率)的值。例如，发射器102选择天线阵列110的一个或多个天线元件的子集，以启动电力波116的发射、停止电力波116 的发射和/或调整用于发射电力波116的一个或多个特性的值。在一些实施例中，一个或多个发射器102将电力波116调整成使得电力波116的轨迹汇集在传输场内的预定位置(例如，空间中的位置或区域)处，从而产生受控的相长或相消干涉图案。发射器102可以调整用于发射电力波116的一个或多个特性的值，以考虑可能对电力波116的发射产生负面影响的在无线电力接收器处的变化。
如下文将参考图5A至图5C详细讨论的，发射器102还被配置成发射RF测试信号116。RF测试信号用于确定发射器天线阵列110中的天线的至少子集的最佳相位(也称为“最佳相位设置”或“最佳相位值”)。另外，至少在一些实施例中，一旦为天线的子集确定了最佳相位，就确定了接收器的位置。
在一些实施例中，一个或多个发射器102的相应天线阵列110可以包括具有一个或多个极化的天线。例如，相应天线阵列110可以包括竖直极化或水平极化、右旋圆极化或左旋圆极化、椭圆极化或其他极化以及任何数量的极化组合。在一些实施例中，天线阵列110能够动态地改变天线极化(或任何其他特性)以优化无线电力传输。
在一些实施例中，一个或多个发射器102的相应天线阵列110可以包括被配置成将电力波116发射到一个或多个发射器102的相应传输场中的一组一个或多个天线。相应发射器102的集成电路(未示出)(如控制器电路(例如，射频集成电路(RFIC))和 /或波形发生器)可以控制天线的行为。例如，基于通过通信信号118从接收器120接收到的信息，控制器电路(例如，图1的发射器102的处理器104)可以确定将有效地向接收器120并且进而向电子设备122提供电力的电力波116的波形特性(例如，振幅、频率、轨迹、方向、相位、极化以及其他特性)的值。控制器电路还可以从天线阵列110中标识将有效发射电力波116的天线子集。在一些实施例中，耦接至处理器104的相应发射器102的波形发生器电路(图1中未示出)可以转换能量并生成具有由处理器104/控制器电路标识的波形特性的特定值的电力波116，并且然后将电力波提供给天线阵列110 以供发射。
在一些实施例中，当两个或更多个电力波116(例如，RF电力传输信号)彼此同相并汇集成组合波时，电力波的相长干涉发生，使得组合波的振幅大于电力波中的单个电力波的振幅。例如，从多个天线到达某个位置的正弦波形的正峰值和负峰值“加在一起”以产生更大的正峰值和负峰值。在一些实施例中，能量袋在发生电力波的相长干涉的传输场中的某个位置处形成。
在一些实施例中，当两个或更多个电力波异相并汇集成组合波时，电力波的相消干涉发生，使得组合波的振幅小于电力波中的单个电力波的振幅。例如，电力波“互相抵消”，由此减小集中在传输场中的某个位置处的能量的量。在一些实施例中，使用相消干涉在电力波汇集的传输场内的某个位置处产生可忽略量的能量或“零”。
在一些实施例中，一个或多个发射器102发射产生两个或更多个离散传输场(例如，重叠和/或非重叠的离散传输场)的电力波116。在一些实施例中，第一传输场(即，第一组电力波被发射到的物理空间区域)由第一发射器(例如，发射机102a)的第一处理器 104管理，并且第二传输场(即，第二组电力波被发射到的另一物理空间区域)由第二发射器(例如，发射器102b)的第二处理器104管理。在一些实施例中，该两个或更多个离散传输场(例如，重叠和/或非重叠的)由发射器处理器104作为单个传输场进行管理。此外，在一些实施例中，单个处理器104管理第一传输场和第二传输场。
在一些实施例中，通信部件112通过有线和/或无线通信连接向接收器120传输通信信号118。在一些实施例中，通信部件112生成用于接收器120的三角测量的通信信号 118(例如，测试信号)。在一些实施例中，通信信号118用于在发射器102与接收器120 之间传送信息，以调整用于发射电力波116的一个或多个波形特性的值(例如，传送从 RF测试信号得到的电力量)。在一些实施例中，通信信号118包括与状态、效率、用户数据、电力消耗、计费、地理位置相关的信息和其他类型的信息。
在一些实施例中，通信部件112通过电子设备122a将通信信号118传输到接收器120。例如，通信部件112可以将信息传送到电子设备122a的通信部件136，电子设备 122a进而可以将该信息传送到接收器120(例如，经由总线138)。
在一些实施例中，通信部件112包括用于与接收器120和/或其他发射器102(例如，发射器102b至102n)通信的通信部件天线。在一些实施例中，使用第一信道(例如，第一频带)发送这些通信信号118，该第一信道独立于并且不同于用于传输电力波116的第二信道(例如，不同于第一频带的第二频带)。
在一些实施例中，接收器120包括接收器侧通信部件144(本文也称为“无线通信无线电装置”、“通信无线电装置”或简称为“无线电装置”)，接收器侧通信部件被配置成通过由接收器侧通信部件生成的相应通信信号118(在一些实施例中，相应通信信号 118被称为广告信号)与发射器102中的一个或多个发射器传达各种类型的数据。数据可以包括接收器120和/或电子设备122的位置指示符、设备122的电力状态、接收器120 的状态信息、电子设备122的状态信息、关于电力波116的状态信息和/或能量袋的状态信息。换句话说，接收器120可以通过通信信号118向发射器102提供关于系统100的当前操作的数据，该数据包括：标识接收器120或设备122的当前位置的信息、接收器120接收到的能量(即，可用电力)的量、电子设备122接收和/或使用的电力量以及包含其他类型信息的其他可能的数据点。
在一些实施例中，包含在通信信号118中的数据被电子设备122、接收器120和/或发射器102用于确定对被天线阵列110用来发射电力波116的一个或多个波形特性的值的调整。使用通信信号118，发射器102传达用于例如标识传输场内的接收器120、标识电子设备122、确定电力波的安全且有效的波形特性和/或训练能量袋的放置的数据。在一些实施例中，接收器120使用通信信号118来传达用于例如警告发射器102接收器120 已经进入或将要进入传输场(例如，进入发射器102的无线电力传输范围内)的数据，提供关于电子设备122的信息，提供对应于电子设备122的用户信息，指示接收到的电力波116的有效性和/或提供一个或多个发射器102用来调整电力波116的发射的更新后特性或发射参数。
在一些实施例中，发射器传感器114和/或接收器传感器128检测和/或标识电子设备 122、接收器120、发射器102和/或传输场的状况。在一些实施例中，发射器102使用由发射器传感器114和/或接收器传感器128生成的数据来确定对用于发射电力波106的一个或多个波形特性的值的适当调整。发射器102接收到的来自发射器传感器114和/或接收器传感器128的数据包括例如原始传感器数据和/或由处理器104(如传感器处理器) 处理的传感器数据。经处理的传感器数据包括例如基于传感器数据输出的确定。在一些实施例中，还使用从接收器120和发射器102外部的传感器接收到的传感器数据(如热成像数据、来自光学传感器的信息等)。
在一些实施例中，接收器传感器128是提供如取向数据(例如，三轴取向数据)等原始数据的陀螺仪，并且处理原始数据可以包括使用取向数据确定接收器120的位置和/ 或接收器天线124的位置。此外，接收器传感器128可以指示接收器120和/或电子设备 122的取向。作为一个示例，发射器102从接收器传感器128接收取向信息，并且发射器 102(或其部件，如处理器104)使用接收到的取向信息来确定电子设备122是否平放在桌子上、正在运动和/或正在使用(例如，靠近用户的头部)。
在一些实施例中，接收器传感器128包括一个或多个红外传感器(例如，其输出热成像信息)，并且处理此红外传感器数据包括基于热成像信息来标识人(例如，指示人的存在和/或指示人的标识)或其他敏感对象。
在一些实施例中，接收器传感器128是电子设备122的传感器。在一些实施例中，接收器120和/或电子设备122包括用于向发射器102发射信号(例如，由接收器传感器 128输出的传感器信号)的通信系统。
发射器传感器114和/或接收器传感器128的非限制性示例包括例如红外传感器、热电传感器、超声传感器、激光传感器、光学传感器、多普勒传感器、陀螺仪、加速度计、微波传感器、毫米传感器、RF驻波传感器、谐振LC传感器、电容式传感器和/或电感式传感器。在一些实施例中，用于发射器传感器114和/或接收器传感器128的技术包括获取立体传感器数据(如人或其他敏感对象的位置)的二进制传感器。
在一些实施例中，发射器传感器114和/或接收器传感器128被配置成用于人类识别 (例如，能够区分人与如家具等其他对象)。支持人类识别的传感器输出的传感器数据的示例包括：体温数据、红外测距仪数据、运动数据、活动识别数据、轮廓检测和识别数据、手势数据、心率数据、便携式设备数据和可穿戴设备数据(例如，生物计量读数和输出、加速度计数据)。
图2是图示了根据一些实施例的代表性发射器设备102(本文有时也称为发射器102、无线电力发射器102和无线电力发射设备102)的框图。在一些实施例中，发射器设备102包括一个或多个处理器104(例如，CPU、ASIC、FPGA、微处理器等)、一个或多个通信部件112(例如，无线电装置)、存储器106、一个或多个天线110以及用于互连这些部件(有时称为芯片组)的一个或多个通信总线108。在一些实施例中，发射器设备 102包括一个或多个传感器114，如上文参考图1描述的。在一些实施例中，发射器设备 102包括一个或多个输出设备，如一个或多个指示灯、声卡、扬声器、以及用于显示文本信息和错误代码的小型显示器等。在一些实施例中，发射器设备102包括用于确定发射器设备102的位置的位置检测设备，如GPS(全球定位卫星)或其他地理位置接收器。
通信部件112实现发射器102与一个或多个通信网络之间的通信。在一些实施例中，通信部件112包括例如能够使用各种无线协议(例如，IEEE 802.15.4、Wi-Fi、ZigBee、6LoWPAN、Thread、Z-Wave、蓝牙智能、ISA100.11a、WirelessHART、MiWi等)、有线协议(例如，以太网、HomePlug等)和/或任何其他合适的通信协议(包括截至本文档的提交日期尚未开发的通信协议)中的任一种进行数据通信的硬件。
存储器106包括高速随机存取存储器，如DRAM、SRAM、DDR SRAM或其他随机存取固态存储器设备；并且可选地，包括非易失性存储器，如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、一个或多个光盘存储设备、一个或多个闪速存储器设备或者一个或多个其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器106或替代性地存储器106内的非易失性存储器包括非暂态计算机可读存储介质。在一些实施例中，存储器106或存储器106的非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储以下程序、模块、和数据结构、或其子集或超集：
·操作逻辑216，包括用于处理各种基本系统服务和用于执行硬件相关任务的过程；
·通信模块218，用于结合(多个)通信部件112耦接到远程设备(例如，远程传感器、发射器、接收器、服务器等)和/或与远程设备通信；
·传感器模块220，用于获得和处理传感器数据(例如，结合(多个)传感器114)，以例如确定发射器102附近物体的存在、速度和/或定位；
·最佳相位设置模块222，用于基于RF测试信号116为发射器天线阵列110中的相应天线确定最佳相位天线。在一些实施例中，如下文参考图5A至图5C所讨论的，最佳相位设置模块222使用二分查找法或最小二乘法或其某种组合来确定最佳相位设置；
·电力波生成模块224，用于生成和传输(例如，结合(多个)天线110)电力波和测试信号(例如，RF测试信号116)，包括但不限于在给定位置形成(多个)能量袋。在一些实施例中，电力波生成模块224与最佳相位设置模块222相关联(或包括该最佳相位设置模块)的地方在于，使用RF测试信号116来确定最佳相位；以及
·数据库226，包括但不限于：
ο传感器信息228，用于存储和管理由一个或多个传感器(例如，传感器114 和/或一个或多个远程传感器)接收、检测和/或发射的数据；
ο测试相位230，用于存储和管理由电力波生成模块224传输的测试信号的预定测试相位。在一些实施例中，如下文参考图5A至图5C所讨论的，测试相位相隔对应于纯正弦波的已知特性的预定间隔；
ο最佳相位232，用于存储和管理由最佳相位设置模块222为一个或多个天线 110确定的最佳天线相位；以及
ο通信协议信息234，用于存储和管理一个或多个协议(例如，定制或标准无线协议，如ZigBee、Z-Wave等，和/或定制或标准有线协议，如以太网)的协议信息。
上文所标识的元件(例如，存储在发射器102的存储器106中的模块)中的每一个可选地存储在前面提到的存储器设备中的一个或多个中，并且对应于用于执行上文描述的(多个)功能的指令集。上文所标识的模块或程序(例如，指令集)不需要实施为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，并且因此这些模块的各种子集可选地在各种实施例中组合或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施例中，存储器106可选地存储上文所标识的模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器106可选地存储上文未描述的附加模块和数据结构，如用于跟踪传输场内物体的移动和定位的跟踪模块。
图3是图示了根据一些实施例的代表性接收器设备120(本文也称为接收器120、无线电力接收器120和无线电力接收设备120)的框图。在一些实施例中，接收器设备120 包括一个或多个处理器140(例如，CPU、ASIC、FPGA、微处理器等)、一个或多个通信组件144、存储器142、一个或多个天线124、电力采集电路310以及用于互连这些部件(有时称为芯片组)的一个或多个通信总线308。在一些实施例中，接收器设备120包括一个或多个传感器128，如上文参考图1描述的一个或多个传感器。在一些实施例中，接收器设备120包括用于储存经由电力采集电路310采集的能量的能量储存设备312。在各种实施例中，能量储存设备312包括一个或多个电池(例如，图1的电池130)、一个或多个电容器、一个或多个电感器等。
如上文参考图1描述的，在一些实施例中，接收器120经由连接138(例如，总线) 在内部或外部连接到电子设备(例如，图1的电子设备122a)。
在一些实施例中，电力采集电路310包括一个或多个整流电路和/或一个或多个电力转换器。在一些实施例中，电力采集电路310包括被配置成将来自电力波和/或能量袋的能量转换为电能(例如，电)的一个或多个部件(例如，电力转换器126)。在一些实施例中，电力采集电路310被进一步被配置成向耦接的电子设备(例如，电子设备122) (如膝上型计算机或电话)供应电力。在一些实施例中，向耦接的电子设备供应电力包括将电能从AC形式转化为DC形式(例如，可由电子设备122使用的)。
(多个)通信部件144实现接收器120与一个或多个通信网络之间的通信。在一些实施例中，(多个)通信部件144包括例如能够使用各种定制或标准无线协议(例如， IEEE802.15.4、Wi-Fi、ZigBee、6LoWPAN、Thread、Z-Wave、蓝牙智能、ISA100.11a、WirelessHART、MiWi等)、定制或标准有线协议(例如，以太网、HomePlug等)和/或任何其他合适的通信协议(包括截至本文档的提交日期尚未开发的通信协议)中的任一种进行数据通信的硬件。在一些实施例中，接收器120可以利用内置通信部件(例如，蓝牙无线电装置)或与接收器耦接的电子设备，并且因此，在这些实施例中，接收器120 可以不包括其自己的通信部件。
存储器142包括高速随机存取存储器，如DRAM、SRAM、DDR SRAM或其他随机存取固态存储器设备；并且可选地，包括非易失性存储器，如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、一个或多个光盘存储设备、一个或多个闪速存储器设备或者一个或多个其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器142或替代性地存储器142内的非易失性存储器包括非暂态计算机可读存储介质。在一些实施例中，存储器142或存储器142的非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储以下程序、模块、和数据结构、或其子集或超集：
·操作逻辑314，包括用于处理各种基本系统服务和用于执行硬件相关任务的过程；
·通信模块316，用于结合(多个)通信部件144耦接到远程设备(例如，远程传感器、发射器、接收器、服务器、电子设备、映射存储器等)和/或与远程设备通信；
·传感器模块318，用于获得和处理传感器数据(例如，结合(多个)传感器128)，以例如确定接收器120、发射器102或接收器120附近物体的存在、速度和/或定位；
·电力接收模块320，用于接收(例如，结合(多个)天线124和/或电力采集电路310)并可选地转换(例如，结合电力收集电路310)能量(例如，转换为直流电)；将能量传递到耦接的电子设备(例如，电子设备122)；以及可选地储存能量(例如，结合能量储存设备312)
·电力确定模块321，用于(结合电力接收模块320的操作)基于从电力波(或 RF测试信号)中提取的能量和/或电力波汇集的袋或能量(例如，图1的RF信号116) 来确定接收器接收的电力量。在一些实施例中，如下文参考图5A至图5C所讨论的，在确定接收器接收的电力量之后，接收器120向发射器102发射标识电力量的信息；以及
·数据库322，包括但不限于：
ο传感器信息324，用于存储和管理由一个或多个传感器(例如，传感器128 和/或一个或多个远程传感器)接收、检测和/或发射的数据；
ο设备设置326，用于存储和管理接收器120、耦接的电子设备(例如，电子设备122)和/或一个或多个远程设备管理的操作设置；以及
ο通信协议信息328，用于存储和管理一个或多个协议(例如，定制或标准无线协议，如ZigBee、Z-Wave等，和/或定制或标准有线协议，如以太网)的协议信息。
在一些实施例中，电力接收模块321将电力量传达到通信模块316，通信模块将电力量传达到其他远程设备(例如，图1至图2的发射器102)。此外，在一些实施例中，电力接收模块321将电力量传达到数据库322(例如，数据库322存储从一个或多个电力波 116得到的电力量)。在一些实施例中，电力接收模块321指示通信模块316向远程设备发射不同的传输(例如，指示由接收器接收的第一电力量的第一通信信号(例如，通过来自发射器102的第一测试信号)、指示由接收器接收的第二电力量的第二通信信号(例如，通过来自发射器102的第二测试信号)等等(如果需要的话))。替代性地，在一些实施例中，电力接收模块321指示通信模块316向远程设备发射数据包(例如，相应的数据包可以包括由发射器102发射的多个测试信号的信息)。
上文所标识的元件(例如，存储在接收器120的存储器142中的模块)中的每一个可选地存储在前面提到的存储器设备中的一个或多个中，并且对应于用于执行上文描述的(多个)功能的指令集。上文所标识的模块或程序(例如，指令集)不需要实施为独立的软件程序、过程或模块，并且因此这些模块的各种子集可选地在各种实施例中组合或以其他方式重新布置。在一些实施例中，存储器142可选地存储上文所标识的模块和数据结构的子集。此外，存储器142可选地存储以上未描述的附加模块和数据结构，如用于标识所连接设备的设备类型的标识模块(例如，用于电子设备122的设备类型)。
图4A至图4B是图示了根据一些实施例的由发射器(例如，图1至图2的发射器 102)的天线(例如，图1至图2的天线阵列110中的天线)发射的射频(RF)测试信号的示例正弦函数的绘图。图4A至图4B是图示了等式(1)的两个示例的绘图：
|S|＝A+cos(θm+vm) (1)
其中|S|是信号电平幅值，A是常数，θm是频率，并且vm是相位。在图4A所图示的示例中，A＝0并且vm＝π/2。在图4B所图示的示例中，vm不完全等于π/2，即使RF测试信号可以以相位偏移π/2发射。在一些实例中，这是由于噪声。因此，图4B所图示的示例是由发射器的天线发射的RF测试信号的正弦函数的更真实示例。
图5A至图5C是图示了根据一些实施例的估计用于天线阵列(例如，图1至图2的天线阵列110)中的各个天线的最佳相位的方法的流程图。方法500的操作可以由发射器 (例如，图1至图2的发射器102)或由其一个或多个部件(例如，上文参考图2描述的那些)执行(501)。图5A至图5C对应于存储在计算机存储器或计算机可读存储介质 (例如，图2的发射器102的存储器106)中的指令。
如图5A所图示的，在一些实施例中，方法500包括由发射器的无线电装置接收(502) 指示接收器在发射器的无线电力传输范围内的无线通信信号(例如，图1的信号118)。在一些实施例中，无线电力传输范围是预定义的，并且不包括在发射器前面1至2英尺定义的关闭区。在一些实施例中，无线电力传输范围从发射器102延伸(不包括关闭区) 大约1至10英尺。应注意，随着无线充电技术不断提高其远场充电能力，无线电力传输范围可以随时间推移而增加。因此，技术人员将理解，上述示例范围并不意味着排除本领域的技术改进。
在一些实施例中，一个或多个接收器在无线电力传输范围内。在这种情况下，可以利用一个或多个发射器向一个或多个接收器提供无线电力。例如，如果接收器不在距发射器合适的距离内(例如，在发射器无线电力传输范围的外部极限附近)，则可以选择更高电力的发射器(例如，更靠近接收器的发射器)向该发射器发射。在一些实施例中，一个或多个发射器彼此通信，使得发射器能够协调充电例程(例如，发射器1通知发射器 2它将向接收器120发射电力)。
接下来，在一些实施例中，方法500包括响应于接收到无线通信信号经由发射器的天线阵列(例如，图1的天线阵列110的实例)中的相应天线发射(504)多个RF测试信号。使用相应天线的多个可用相位中的至少两个测试相位(可以是预定的)来发射多个RF测试信号。例如，第一RF测试信号是第一测试相位的发射器，第二RF测试信号是在不同于第一RF测试信号的第二测试相位的发射器等(如果更多的话，多个RF测试信号包括超过两个RF测试信号)。重要的是，多个可用相位包括除了至少两个测试相位之外的相位(例如，相位值)。换句话说，多个RF测试信号中的RF测试信号是使用可用相位的子集(即，少于所有可用相位)发射的。
上文讨论的RF测试信号用于帮助确定用于向无线电力接收器输送无线电力的最佳相位。在一些实施例中，无线电力接收器不使用这些RF测试信号来向无线电力接收器或与其相关联的设备提供电力或电荷。相反，作为相对于RF测试信号具有更高电力的RF 信号的RF电力信号(下文详细讨论)用于向无线电力接收器提供电力或电荷。以此方式，发射器能够在设备调谐阶段期间保存资源(例如，在发射RF测试信号的同时)，直到为发射器天线的至少一个子集确定最佳相位为止。如下文将更详细描述的，方法500能够使用测试信号定位无线电力接收器的位置，调谐发射器的天线并且然后向无线电力接收器发射RF电力信号。应注意，上文参考图1讨论的RF信号116可以是RF测试信号或RF电力信号。
在一些实施例中，第一测试相位(本文也称为“测试相位设置”或“测试相位值”)可以是发射器发射的RF测试信号的一个周期的3/16(例如，针对正弦信号为2π*3/16)。在此示例中，第二测试相位可以是发射器发射的RF测试信号的一个周期的11/16。因为使用了两个测试相位，所以确定(526)相应天线的最佳相位在本文被称为二分查找法，这将在下文更详细地讨论。在一些其他实施例中，第一测试相位和第二测试相位不同于3/16和11/16。这里，二分查找法或最小二乘法(也在下文讨论)的关键在于，第一测试相位和第二(以及潜在的第三)测试相位相隔阈值量的相位值/设置(有时在下文称为“预定间隔”或“预定义量的相位”)。在一些实施例中，相位值的阈值量可以大于或等于 5/16(也可以使用更少的量)。
如上文所提及的，多个可用相位(本文也称为“预定的多个不同相位”)可以包括除了至少两个测试相位之外的相位，相位可以是预定测试相位。例如，多个可用相位可以包括1/16、2/16、3/16、4/16、5/16、6/16、7/16、8/16、9/16、10/16、11/16、12/16、 13/16、14/16、15/16和16/16。本领域的技术人员将会理解，不同的天线具有不同的可用相位，并且上文的1/16示例仅仅是一种可能的天线布置。
在一些其他实施例中，多个测试信号包括三个测试信号，并且因此，使用了三个测试相位，三个测试相位也可以是预定测试相位。在一个示例中，第一测试相位是3/16，第二测试相位是8/16，并且第三测试相位是13/16。在此示例中，确定(526)相应天线的最佳相位是最小二乘法。最小二乘法通常是比二分查找法更快且更准确的最佳相位估计方法。将参考步骤526更详细地讨论这种方法。
应注意，在最小二乘法的情况下，相位3/16、8/16和13/16提供对最佳相位的可靠估计。照这样说，也可以使用提供对最佳相位的同样可靠的估计的其他测试相位，这部分地是由于这些其他测试相位在伪逆的计算中同样易受噪声和有限位宽效应的影响(例如，可以使用4/16、9/16和14/16，或者可以使用测试相位的其他某种组合)。此外，使用超过三个测试相位与最小二乘法可以进一步提高最佳相位测量中对噪声的鲁棒性。还应注意，一些测试相位组合不能提供对最佳相位的可靠估计。例如，测试相位0/16、1/16和 2/16提供对最佳相位的较差估计，部分原因是伪逆矩阵不稳定，这意味着当计算最小二乘解时，伪逆矩阵容易受到电力信号中的噪声以及计算机有限位宽效应的影响。
在一些实施例中，至少两个不同相位的相应值相隔预定义间隔(506)。例如，在至少两个测试相位是3/16、8/16和13/16的情况下，相位相隔预定义间隔5/16(即，五个相位值将各个测试相位分隔开(在一些实施例中，使用更大或更小的预定义间隔)。预定义间隔对应于纯正弦波的已知特性(508)。例如，发射器可以发射RF测试信号作为纯正弦波。即，在一些实例中，RF测试信号可以由参考图4A至图4B描述的功能来表征。如参考图4A至图4B所描述的，预定义间隔可以通过在正弦波上预定义数量的例如沿着相位索引轴线等距的点处对正弦波进行采样来定义。正弦波上预定义数量的点之间的相位索引距离为预定义间隔。
在一些实施例中，不使用除了至少两个测试相位之外的相位发射RF测试信号(510)。例如，在至少两个测试相位为3/16、8/16和13/16的情况下，不发射其他相位，例如1/16、 2/16、4/16、5/16、6/16、7/16、9/16、10/16、11/16、12/16、14/16、15/16和16/16。应注意，这些相位中的一个相位最终可以是最佳相位(下文讨论)。在其他实施例中，如在二分查找法的情况下，使用除了至少两个预定测试相位之外的相位发射一些RF测试信号。
在一些实施例中，发射多个RF测试信号包括：响应于从接收器(例如，图1和图3 的接收器120)接收到无线通信信号来发射(512)多个RF测试信号中的第一RF测试信号；以及还响应于从接收器接收到附加无线通信信号来发射(514)多个RF测试信号中的第二RF测试信号。附加无线通信信号可以与指示接收器在发射器的无线电力传输范围内的无线通信信号(在502接收)分离并且不同，和/或与使用至少两个测试相位的多个RF测试信号(在504发射)分离并且不同。替代性地，在一些实施例中，发射多个RF 测试信号包括响应于从接收器接收到无线通信信号来发射第一RF测试信号和第二RF测试信号。
在一些实施例中，方法500包括发射(515)多个RF测试信号中的第三RF测试信号。第三RF测试信号可以在发射第一RF测试信号和第二RF测试信号之后发射。第三 RF测试信号的发射与下文讨论的最小二乘法一起使用。
如图5B所图示的，在一些实施例中，方法500包括从接收器接收(516)标识由多个RF测试信号中的以至少两个测试相位中的第一测试相位发射的第一RF测试信号输送到接收器(即，由接收器接收)的第一电力量的信息。例如，在至少两个测试相位是3/16 和11/16的情况下，可以以相位设置3/16发射标识输送到接收器的第一电力量的信息。
在一些实施例中，经由第一附加无线通信信号(例如，由发射器的无线电装置)接收标识输送到接收器的第一电力量的信息(518)。第一附加无线通信信号可以与指示接收器在发射器的无线电力传输范围内的无线通信信号(在502接收)、使用至少两个测试相位的多个RF测试信号(在504发射)和/或来自接收器的附加无线通信信号(在514 发射，这是可选的)分离并且不同。
方法500还包括从接收器接收(520)标识由多个RF测试信号中的以至少两个测试相位中的第二测试相位(不同于第一测试相位)发射的第二RF测试信号输送到接收器 (即，由接收器接收)的第二电力量的信息。例如，在至少两个测试相位是3/16和11/16 的情况下，可以以相位设置11/16发射标识输送到接收器的第二电力量的信息。
在一些实施例中，经由第二附加无线通信信号接收标识输送到接收器的第二电力量的信息(522)。第二附加无线通信信号可以与指示接收器在发射器的无线电力传输范围内的无线通信信号(在502接收)、使用至少两个测试相位的多个RF测试信号(在504 发射)和/或来自接收器的附加无线通信信号(在514发射)分离并且不同。
在一些其他实施例中，在附加无线通信信号中一起接收标识输送到接收器的第一电力量的信息和标识输送到接收器的第二电力量的信息。此附加无线通信信号可以与指示接收器在发射器的无线电力传输范围内的无线通信信号(在502接收)、使用至少两个测试相位的多个RF测试信号(在504发射)和/或来自接收器的附加无线通信信号(在 514发射)分离并且不同。
在一些实施例中，方法500包括从接收器接收(525)标识由多个RF测试信号中的以至少两个测试相位中的第三测试相位(不同于第一测试相位和第二测试相位)发射的第三RF测试信号输送到接收器的第三电力量的信息。在此示例中，测试相位可以是3/16 (例如，第一测试相位)、8/16(例如，第二测试相位)和13/16(例如，第三测试相位)，可以以相位13/16发射标识输送到接收器的第三电力量的信息。步骤525用下文详细讨论的最小二乘法执行。
在一些实施例中，方法500包括基于输送到接收器的第一电力量和第二电力量从发射器的相应天线的多个可用相位中确定(526)最佳相位。在一些实施例中，在有两个测试相位(例如，相位3/16和11/16)的情况下，使用二分查找法来确定最佳相位，这将在下文详细说明。还参考方法700讨论了二分查找法本身。
使用2π*3/16和2π*11/16作为示例测试相位，可以如下执行二分查找法。首先，测量相位索引3/16和11/16的信号电平幅值(例如，等式(1)中的|S|)的相应绝对值。接下来，如果相位索引3/16的信号电平幅值(即，电力量)大于相位索引11/16的信号电平幅值，则相位索引3/16被指定为临时最大值。另一方面，如果相位索引11/16的信号电平幅值大于相位索引3/16的信号电平幅值，则相位索引11/16被指定为临时最大值。应注意，如上文所提及的，本公开不限于测试相位2π*3/16和2π*11/16。
在二分查找法的此实施例中，因为有16个相位索引值，所以信号电平的真正最大值必须在作为临时最大值的相位索引值的四个样本内。因此，这两个相位索引的信号电平幅值的相应绝对值比临时最大值小四个样本，并且测量比临时最大值大的四个样本。例如，在临时最大值处于相位索引3/16的情况下，相位索引7/16和15/16是接下来进行评估的两个相位索引。即，将相位索引7/16和15/16处的信号电平幅值的绝对值与临时最大值进行比较。然后，具有最大值的新相位索引值被指定为新的临时最大值。
重复比较信号电平幅值绝对值的此过程，直到检查完所有相位索引值为止。在随后的每次迭代中，背离临时最大值并且与临时最大值进行比较的样本数量减少一半。例如，继续有16个相位索引值的示例，下一次迭代包括将比临时最大值的相位索引值小两个样本和大两个样本的两个相位索引值与临时最大值进行比较。此后的迭代包括将比临时最大值的相位索引值小一个样本和大一个样本的两个相位索引值与临时最大值进行比较。此时，二分查找法结束，并且对应于最后一次迭代中的最大值的相位索引值是相应天线的最佳相位。
与用于最佳相位估计的其他方法不同，二分查找法不需要在被测试天线信号的整个周期上顺序地递增相位。因此，二分查找法减少了执行最佳相位估计所需的时间和处理量，并且降低了发射器对噪声失真的敏感性。具体地，使用16个相位索引值的示例，二分查找法测量可能的16个相位索引值中的8个相位索引值，以相应天线的最佳相位。一些天线具有64个相位索引值(或甚至更大的数量)，并且在这种情况下，二分查找法的好处变得更加显著(例如，必须测量可能的64个相位索引中的仅32个相位索引来确定最佳相位)。然而，甚至二分查找法也可以通过使用最小二乘法估计最佳相位来改进，这将在下文讨论。
如果发射超过两个测试相位(例如，在步骤504)，则不再使用二分查找法。相反，使用最小二乘法。最小二乘法包括至少基于输送到接收器的第一电力量、第二电力量和第三电力量(527)来确定(526)最佳相位(例如，如下文所描述的，从测试相位和输送到接收器的其相应电力量内插出最佳相位)。应注意，在最小二乘法中可以使用超过三次电力测量(并且在最小二乘法中也可以使用两次电力测量)。使用2π*3/16、2π8/16和 2π13/16作为示例测试相位，可以如下执行最小二乘法。首先，使用三角恒等式，上文的等式(1)可以表示为等式(2)：
|S|＝A+cos(θm)cos(vm)-sin(θm)sin(vm) (2)
在此示例中，由于所有16个测试相位都在[0，2π]范围内变化，因此RF测试信号电平幅值可以表示为可以由等式(3)定义的投影：
Figure BDA0003290988200000231
其中H是模型矩阵，并且可以由等式(4)定义：
Figure BDA0003290988200000241
在测试相位的数量大于3的示例实施例中，矩阵H可以由等式(5)定义：
Figure BDA0003290988200000242
其中v1到vn为n个测试相位。
为了确定最佳相位，等式(3)可以改写为等式(6)：
Figure BDA0003290988200000243
其中pinv是伪逆，并且H’指示矩阵H的共轭转置或厄米特矩阵(HermitianTranspose)。等式(6)的右侧生成左侧的系数向量。然后，可以使用这些系数中的第一系数和第二系数根据等式(7)来确定最佳相位：
Figure BDA0003290988200000244
本领域技术人员将理解，不同的传输天线和不同的传输信号将具有各种数学表达式，并且上文的表示仅仅是这种表达式的示例。
在一些实施例中，最佳相位是除了至少两个测试相位之外的相位之一(528)。例如，在至少两个测试相位是3/16、8/16和13/16的情况下，最佳相位是其他13个相位之一。然而，在其他实施例中，最佳相位可以是3/16、8/16或13/16。
不管是使用二分查找法还是最小二乘法，方法500都进一步包括经由发射器的相应天线向接收器发射(530)具有最佳相位的一个或多个RF电力信号。在一些实施例中，接收器使用来自一个或多个RF电力信号的电力(例如，能量)来给自身供电或充电和/ 或给耦接到接收器的电子设备供电或充电。
在一些实施例中，方法500包括以上文参考步骤504至步骤515描述的方式调谐天线阵列中的每个附加天线。例如，方法500包括经由天线阵列中的每个附加天线发射(532)相应多个RF测试信号，每个RF测试信号使用至少两个测试相位发射。
在此发射532之前，方法500中迄今为止执行的步骤已经由发射器天线阵列中的单个天线执行。然而，因为最佳相位对于阵列中的每个附加天线来说可能不相同，所以可以针对每个附加天线重复这些步骤。以此方式，阵列中的每个天线以可用测试相位的子集发射RF测试信号，而不是以所有可用测试相位穷尽性地发射RF测试信号并以蛮力的方式搜索最佳相位。随着阵列中天线数量的增加，此过程大大节省了时间和计算能力。另外，此过程降低了发射器对发射信号中的噪声失真的敏感性。
在一些实施例中，方法500包括针对每个附加天线从接收器接收(534)标识由多个RF测试信号中的以至少两个测试相位中的第一测试相位发射的第一RF测试信号输送到接收器的第一电力量的信息。在一些实施例中，接收534可以包括上文参考步骤516至步骤518所提及的特征。
接下来，在一些实施例中，方法500包括针对每个附加天线从接收器接收(536)标识由多个RF测试信号中的以至少两个测试相位中的第二测试相位发射的第二RF测试信号输送到接收器的第二电力量的信息。在一些实施例中，接收536可以包括上文参考步骤520至步骤524所提及的特征。方法500还可以包括针对每个附加天线从接收器接收标识由多个RF测试信号中的以至少两个测试相位中的第三测试相位发射的第三RF测试信号输送到接收器的第三电力量的信息。
接下来，在一些实施例中，方法500包括基于由每个附加天线输送到接收器的第一电力量和第二(以及在一些实施例中第三)电力量从发射器的每个附加天线的多个可用相位中确定(538)最佳相位。在一些实施例中，确定538可以包括上文参考步骤526至步骤528所提及的特征。
接下来，在一些实施例中，方法500包括经由每个天线向接收器发射(540)具有确定的最佳相位的RF电力信号。在一些实施例中，接收器使用来自一个或多个RF电力信号的电力(例如，能量)来给自身供电或充电和/或给耦接到接收器的电子设备供电或充电。在一些实施例中，发射540可以包括上文参考步骤530所提及的特征。
图6A至图6B是图示了根据一些实施例的估计用于天线阵列中的各个天线的最佳相位的方法的模拟结果的绘图。
图6A中的绘图图示了上文参考图5A至图5C描述的二分查找法的模拟结果。在此模拟中，发射器中使用了30个天线的阵列。如图6A所图示的，在此模拟中，随着发射了RF测试信号的天线数量接近30，在二分查找法中确定最佳相位所需的信号电平测量数量接近大约180。这与图6B所图示的模拟结果形成对比。图6B中的绘图图示了上文参考图5A至图5C描述的最小二乘法的模拟结果。在此模拟中，发射器中使用了30个天线的阵列。如图6B所图示的，在此模拟中，随着发射了RF测试信号的天线数量接近 30，在最小二乘法中确定最佳相位所需的信号电平测量数量接近大约90。因此，最小二乘法的计算复杂度大约是二分查找法的一半。
图7是图示了根据一些实施例的估计最佳相位的二分查找法700的流程图。方法700 的操作可以由发射器(例如，图1至图2的发射器102)或由其一个或多个部件(例如，上文参考图2描述的那些)执行。图7对应于存储在计算机存储器或计算机可读存储介质(例如，图2的发射器102的存储器106)中的指令。应注意，上文参考方法500已经描述了二分查找法的各方面。因此，为了简洁起见，方法500中已经涵盖的那些方面这里通常不再重复。
方法700包括由发射器的无线电装置接收指示接收器在发射器的无线电力传输范围内的无线通信信号(例如，图1的信号118)。上文参考方法500的步骤502进一步详细讨论了从接收器接收无线通信信号。
方法700进一步包括，响应于接收到无线通信信号：经由无线电力发射设备的天线阵列中的相应天线：(i)以相应天线的多个可用相位中的第一测试相位发射(702)第一射频(RF)测试信号，以及(ii)以多个可用相位中的第二测试相位发射(702)第二RF测试信号。第一测试相位和第二测试相位相隔多个可用测试相位。可用相位包括一系列相位值，并且选择第一测试相位和第二测试相位，使得来自该一系列相位值的阈值数量的相位值将第一测试相位和第二测试相位分隔开。为了说明，如果第一测试相位和第二测试相位分别是3/16和11/16，则从任一角度来看，这些示例设置都相隔七个相位值(例如，七个相位值将3/16和11/16分隔开(例如，4/16至10/16)，并且七个相位值将11/16 和3/16分隔开，例如，12/16至2/16)。一个示例是使用预定间隔来确保可用测试相位的数量介于第一测试设置与第二测试设置之间(例如，预定间隔是七个相位值)。
方法700进一步包括从无线电力接收设备接收(704)标识分别由第一RF测试信号和第二RF测试信号输送到无线电力接收设备(即，由无线电力接收设备接收)的第一电力量和第二电力量的信息。上文参考方法500的步骤522和524进一步详细讨论了从接收器接收附加信号。
方法700进一步包括确定(706)第一电力量是否大于第二可用电力量(或反之亦然)。响应于确定第一电力量大于第二电力量(706——是)，方法700进一步包括选择第一测试相位作为参考测试相位。替代性地，响应于确定第一电力量不大于第二电力量(706——否)，方法700包括选择第二测试相位作为参考测试相位。
为了便于下一步的讨论，选择第一测试相位作为参考测试相位。照这样说，下文的讨论同样可以适用于第二测试相位被选作参考测试相位的情形。还应注意，在一些实例中，第一电力量和第二电力量可以彼此相等。在这种实例中，针对第二测试相位重复下文描述的过程。然后比较从第一测试相位和第二测试相位确定的最佳相位(如果不同的话)，并且选择具有最高电力量的结果作为相应天线的最终最佳相位。
在一些实施例中，方法700进一步包括经由相应天线分别以第三测试相位和第四测试相位(各自不同于第一测试相位和第二测试相位)发射(708)第三RF测试信号和第四RF测试信号，其中，第三测试相位是的相位值大于参考测试相位(即，第一测试相位)，并且第四测试相位的相位值小于参考测试相位(即，第一测试相位)。另外，第三测试相位和第四测试相位均为将第一测试相位和第二测试相位分隔开的多个可用测试相位之一。为了说明，如果选择3/16为参考测试相位，则第三测试相位和第四测试相位是例如15/16和7/16。应注意，可以选择第三测试相位和第四测试相位的其他相位值，并且这里使用所提供的示例来提供上下文。
在一些实施例中，方法700包括从无线电力接收设备接收(710)标识由第三RF测试信号和第四RF测试信号输送到无线电力接收设备的第三电力量和第四电力量的信息。再次，上文参考方法500的步骤522和524进一步详细讨论了从接收器接收附加信号。
此后，方法700包括确定(712)第三测试相位和第四测试相位是否各自与参考测试相位相邻。为了说明，如果选择3/16为参考测试相位，并且第三测试相位和第四测试相位是例如2/16和4/16，则第三测试相位和第四测试相位各自与参考测试相位“相邻” (即，参考测试相位、第三测试相位和第四测试相位是顺序数字)。
在一些实施例中，根据确定第三测试相位和第四测试相位各自与参考测试相位相邻 (712——是)，方法700进一步包括：(i)相互比较(714)第一电力量、第三电力量和第四电力量；以及(ii)从第一电力量、第三电力量和第四电力量中选择(716)具有最高电力量的相位作为相应天线的最佳相位。
然而，根据确定第三测试相位和第四测试相位各自不与参考测试相位相邻(712——否)，方法700循环回到确定步骤706，并且进一步包括确定(706)第三电力量是否大于第四电力量。在循环操作期间，重复步骤708、710、712以及可能的步骤714和716。例如，响应于确定第三电力量大于第四电力量(706——是)，方法700可以包括：(i)选择第三测试相位作为参考测试相位；以及(ii)经由相应天线分别以第五测试相位和第六测试相位发射第五RF测试信号和第六RF测试信号，其中，第五测试相位的相位值大于第三测试相位，并且第六测试相位的相位值小于第三测试相位。另外，第五测试相位和第六测试相位均为将第一测试相位和第二测试相位分隔开的多个可用测试相位之一。如果选择第四测试相位作为参考测试相位，则执行类似的步骤。为了说明并基于上文的示例，如果选择3/16为第一参考测试相位，并且(i)第三测试相位和第四测试相位是15/16 和7/16，并且(ii)选择7/16为第二参考测试相位，则第五测试相位和第六测试相位是例如5/16和9/16(或者小于和大于7/16的其他一些值)。
继续此示例，方法700可以进一步包括从无线电力接收设备接收(710)标识由第五RF测试信号和第六RF测试信号输送到无线电力接收设备的第五电力量和第六电力量的信息。此后，方法700包括确定(712)第五测试相位和第六测试相位是否各自与参考测试相位相邻。根据确定第五测试相位和第六测试相位各自与参考测试相位相邻(712——是)，方法700进一步包括：(i)相互比较(714)第一电力量、第五电力量和第六电力量；以及(ii)从第一电力量、第五电力量和第六电力量中选择(716)具有最高电力量的相位作为相应天线的最佳相位。然而，根据确定第三测试相位和第四测试相位各自不与参考测试相位相邻(712——否)，方法700循环回到确定步骤706，并且再次执行循环操作(例如，以第七测试相位和第八测试相位发射第七RF测试信号和第八RF测试信号)。方法700继续循环，直到第X测试相位和第Y测试相位均与参考测试相位相邻为止。
在为发射器的相应天线选择了最佳相位之后，方法700包括经由相应天线向接收器发射具有最佳相位的一个或多个RF电力信号。在一些实施例中，接收器使用来自一个或多个RF电力信号的电力(例如，能量)来给自身供电或充电和/或给耦接到接收器的电子设备供电或充电。
在一些实施例中，方法700还包括以方法700中描述的方式调谐天线阵列中的每个附加天线。一旦发射器的每个天线(或某个阈值数量的天线)被调谐至其最佳相位，方法700就包括经由每个天线向接收器发射具有确定的最佳相位的RF电力信号。
应当理解，尽管上文使用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各种元件，但是这些元件不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语仅仅是用来将一个元件与另一个元件进行区分。本文所使用的术语仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而不旨在限制权利要求。如在对实施例的描述和所附权利要求中所使用的，单数形式“一个(a)”、“一种(an)”和“该(the)”旨在也包括复数形式，除非上下文另有明确指示。还将理解的是，本文所使用的术语“和 /或”是指并涵盖相关联列举项目中的一个或多个项目的任何和所有可能组合。将进一步理解的是，当在本说明书中使用时，术语“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括(comprising)”指定所陈述的特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在，但不排除一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或它们的组的存在或添加。
如本文所使用的，根据上下文，术语“如果”可以被解释为指“当……时”或“在……时”或“响应于确定……”或“根据确定……”或“响应于检测到……”所陈述的先决条件成立。类似地，根据上下文，短语“如果确定[所陈述的先决条件成立]”或“如果[所陈述的先决条件成立]”或“当[所陈述的先决条件成立]时”可以被解释为指“在确定……时”或“响应于确定……”或“根据确定……”或“在检测到……时”或“响应于检测到……”所陈述的先决条件成立。
本发明的特征可以以计算机程序产品、使用计算机程序产品或在计算机程序产品的辅助下实施，该计算机程序产品如其上/其中存储有可以将处理系统编程为执行本文呈现的特征中的任何特征的指令的(多个)存储介质或(多个)计算机可读存储介质。存储介质(例如，存储器106)可以包括但不限于高速随机存取存储器，如DRAM、SRAM、 DDR RAM或其他随机存取固态存储器设备，并且可以包括非易失性存储器，如一个或多个磁盘存储设备、光盘存储设备、闪速存储器设备或其他非易失性固态存储设备。存储器(例如，106、134和/或142)可选地包括远离(多个)CPU(例如，(多个)处理器104、132和/或140)定位的一个或多个存储设备。存储器(例如，106、134和/或142) 或替代性地存储器内的(多个)非易失性存储器设备包括非暂态计算机可读存储介质。
存储在(多个)机器可读介质中的任一种介质上，本发明的特征(例如，用于使发射器和/或接收器执行方法500和方法700的各方面的可执行指令集)可以结合在软件和/或固件中，以控制处理系统的硬件(如与发射器102和/或接收器120相关联的部件)并且使处理系统能够与利用本发明的结果的其他机制交互。这种软件或固件可以包括但不限于应用代码、设备驱动程序、操作系统和执行环境/容器。
提供对所公开的实施例的先前描述，以使本领域的任何技术人员能够制造或使用本文描述的实施例及其变体。对于本领域技术人员来说，对这些实施例做出的各种修改将是显而易见的，并且本文所限定的一般原理可以在不偏离本文公开的发明主题的精神或范围的前提下应用于其他实施例。因此，本公开并不旨在局限于本文所示的实施例，而是符合与所附权利要求和本文公开的原理和新颖性特征一致的最广义的范围。

Claims (15)

1.一种估计最佳相位的方法，包括：
由包括天线阵列的无线电力发射设备的无线通信无线电装置接收无线通信信号，所述无线通信信号指示无线电力接收设备在所述无线电力发射设备的无线电力传输范围内；
响应于接收到所述无线通信信号：
经由所述无线电力发射设备的所述天线阵列中的天线使用针对所述天线的多个可用相位中的至少两个测试相位来发射多个射频(RF)测试信号，其中所述多个可用相位包括除了所述至少两个测试相位之外的相位；
从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的第一RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第一电力量的信息，所述第一RF测试信号是以所述至少两个测试相位中的第一测试相位发射的；
从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的第二RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第二电力量的信息，所述第二RF测试信号是以所述至少两个测试相位中的第二测试相位发射的；以及
基于输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量和第二电力量，从针对所述无线电力发射设备的所述天线的所述多个可用相位中确定最佳相位。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中，不使用除了所述至少两个测试相位之外的所述相位来发射RF测试信号。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述最佳相位是除了所述至少两个测试相位之外的相位之一。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，进一步包括：
经由所述无线电力发射设备的所述天线向所述无线电力接收设备发射具有所述最佳相位的一个或多个RF电力信号，并且
其中，所述无线电力接收设备使用来自所述一个或多个RF电力信号的电力来给自身供电或充电。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其中，发射所述多个RF测试信号包括：
响应于从所述无线电力接收设备接收到所述无线通信信号来发射所述多个RF测试信号中的第一RF测试信号；以及
响应于从所述无线电力接收设备接收到附加无线通信信号来发射所述多个RF测试信号中的第二RF测试信号。
6.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，进一步包括：
从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的第三RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第三电力量的信息，所述第三RF测试信号是以所述至少两个测试相位中的第三测试相位发射的，
其中，确定所述无线电力接收设备的所述天线的所述最佳相位进一步基于输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第三电力量。
7.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其中：
所述天线是第一天线；
所述多个RF测试信号是第一多个RF测试信号；并且
所述方法进一步包括，响应于接收到所述无线通信信号：
经由所述天线阵列中的每个附加天线发射相应多个RF测试信号，所述相应多个RF测试信号中的每个RF测试信号是使用所述至少两个测试相位发射的；
针对每个附加天线从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的第一RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第一电力量的信息，所述第一RF测试信号是以所述至少两个测试相位中的所述第一测试相位发射的；
针对每个附加天线从所述无线电力接收设备接收标识由所述多个RF测试信号中的第二RF测试信号输送到所述无线电力接收设备的第二电力量的信息，所述第二RF测试信号是以所述至少两个测试相位中的所述第二测试相位发射的；以及
基于由每个附加天线输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量和第二电力量，从所述无线电力发射设备的每个附加天线的所述多个可用相位中确定最佳相位。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述第一天线的最佳相位不同于所述天线阵列中的至少一个其他天线的最佳相位。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，在由所述天线阵列中的其他天线发射所述多个RF测试信号之前，发射所述第一多个RF测试信号。
10.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其中，发射多个射频(RF)测试信号的步骤发生在接收标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量的所述信息和接收标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第二电力量的所述信息的步骤前。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述相位间隔对应于纯正弦波的已知特性。
12.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其中：
经由第一附加无线通信信号接收标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量的所述信息；并且
经由第二附加无线通信信号接收标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第二电力量的所述信息。
13.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其中，标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第一电力量的所述信息和标识输送到所述无线电力接收设备的所述第二电力量的所述信息是在附加无线通信信号中一起被接收的。
14.一种无线电力发射设备，包括：
无线通信无线电装置；
天线阵列；
一个或多个处理器；以及
存储器，所述存储器存储用于由所述一个或多个处理器执行的一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序包括用于执行或使得执行权利要求1-13中任一项所述方法的指令。
15.一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，包括一个或多个程序，所述一个或多个程序被配置成用于由包括无线通信无线电装置和天线阵列的无线电力发射设备的一个或多个处理器执行，所述一个或多个程序包括用于执行或使得执行权利要求1-13中任一项所述方法的指令。
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