CN103155353A - 无线功率传输系统 - Google Patents

无线功率传输系统 Download PDF

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CN103155353A
CN103155353A CN2011800411179A CN201180041117A CN103155353A CN 103155353 A CN103155353 A CN 103155353A CN 2011800411179 A CN2011800411179 A CN 2011800411179A CN 201180041117 A CN201180041117 A CN 201180041117A CN 103155353 A CN103155353 A CN 103155353A
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phase place
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antenna
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CN103155353B (zh
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H·I·泽内
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Ossia Inc
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    • H02J7/025
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H02J50/23Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/20Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
    • H02J50/27Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/40Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
    • H02J50/402Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

无线功率传输系统是经由微波能量向电子/电气设备提供无线充电和/或主功率的系统。响应于由功率发射机从信标设备接收到信标信号,该功率发射机将微波能量聚集于一位置,该功率发射机具有一个或多个自适应相控微波阵列发射器。将被充电的设备中的整流天线接收并整流微波能量,并将该微波能量用于电池充电和/或主功率。

Description

无线功率传输系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年8月23日提交的美国临时申请No.12/861,526的权益,该临时申请是2007年6月14日提交的美国专利申请序列号为No.11/812,060的部分继续申请,它们的内容在这里都通过引用而被视为完全合并到本申请中。
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及功率传输系统和电池充电器,尤其涉及通过微波传输向需要电力的设备供电的无线功率传输方法及系统。
背景技术
许多便携式电子设备通过电池供电。常常使用可再充电电池来避免更换传统干电池的成本以及节约宝贵的资源。然而,用传统可再充电电池充电器对电池进行再充电需要接入交流(A.C.)电源插座,而交流电源插座有时不可用或不方便。因此,期望电池充电器通过电磁辐射获取功率。
虽然太阳能电池充电器是已知的,但是太阳能电池昂贵,并且可能需要大的太阳能电池阵列为任意的大容量电池充电。另一种潜在的可以向位于远离交流输电干线的位置处的电池充电器供电的电磁能源是微波能,该微波能可以从太阳能供电的卫星获得并通过微波波束传送到地面,或者从来自蜂窝电话发射机等的周围射频能获得。然而,存在着与通过微波传输来有效传递功率相关联的许多问题,这排除了将专用陆地微波功率发射机用于该目的。
假设电磁(EM)信号的单源功率传输,则EM信号的幅度在距离r上以1/r2因子衰减。因此,在距EM发射机很远处接收到的功率是所发射功率的一小部分。
为了增加接收信号的功率,我们不得不增加传输功率。假设所发射的信号在距EM发射机3厘米处可以有效接收,则在3米的有效距离上接收相同的信号功率将必须使所发射的功率增加10,000倍。这样的功率传输是浪费的,因为绝大部分能量将被传送而没有被目的设备接收,它可能对活组织有害,它最可能干扰紧邻的大部分电子设备,并且它可以以热的形式被消耗掉。
利用定向天线具有若干挑战,其中一些挑战是:知道将它指向何处;对其进行跟踪所需的机械设备将会很嘈杂并且不可靠;以及产生对传输视线内的设备的干扰。
定向功率传输通常需要知道设备的位置,以能够将信号指向正确的方向来提高功率传输效率。然而,即使定位了设备,由于接收设备的路径上或附近的物体的反射和干扰,也不能保证有效的传输。
因此,期望解决前述问题的无线功率传输系统。
发明内容
无线功率传输是一种经由微波能量向电子/电气设备提供无线充电和/或主功率的系统。响应于从信标设备接收信标信号,功率发射机将微波能量聚集于一位置,该功率发射机具有一个或多个自适应相控微波阵列发射器。将被充电的设备中的整流天线(rectennas)接收并整流微波能量,并将该微波能量用于电池充电和/或用于主功率。
将被充电的设备经由侧信道(side channel)向电源报告整流天线处的接收波束信号强度。这个信息由该系统用来调整微波阵列发射器的发射相位,直到将被充电的设备报告了最大微波能量。
可替换地,阵列元件可以被设置成从正被充电的设备接收校准信号。每个阵列元件可以根据接收到的校准信号来检测/报告相位信息。随后,每个阵列元件将针对那个元件的检测到的相位用作回到正在被充电的设备的发射相位的引导。
由例如平坦、二维阵列导致的镜像焦点可以通过以实质上非均匀、非共面的方式来物理地配置微波阵列发射器而被最小化。
本发明的这些以及其他特征将随着对以下说明书和附图的进一步评述而变得明显。
附图说明
图1A是根据本发明的无线功率传输系统的第一实施方式的环境、透视图。
图1B是根据本发明的无线功率传输系统的第二实施方式的环境、透视图。
图2A是根据本发明的无线功率传输系统中用于微波发射机的相控阵列网天线(phased array net antenna)的透视图。
图2B是根据本发明的无线功率传输系统中的功率传输节点的图解视图。
图3A是根据本发明的无线功率传输系统的第一实施方式的框图。
图3B是根据本发明的无线功率传输系统的第二实施方式的框图。
图4是可替换的第一实施方式功率发射机的框图。
图5是可替换的第二实施方式功率发射机的框图。
图6是控制器的框图。
图7是根据第一实施方式的可替换接收机的框图。
图8是根据第二实施方式的可替换接收机的框图。
图9是接收机电池系统的框图。
图10是示例性电池系统功率线图。
图11是根据第一实施方式的可替换接收机。
图12是根据第二实施方式的可替换接收机。
附图中类似的附图标记始终表示对应的特征。
具体实施方式
如图1A-图1B所示,本发明包括系统100a,或可替换地包括系统100b,以用于经由微波能量向电子/电气设备(例如笔记本电脑102等)提供无线充电和/或主功率。在系统100a或系统100b中,功率传输网101a或可替换的功率传输网101b可以经由插入电源插座O的电源线P从交流输电干线获得操作功率。微波传输频率优选具有合适波长的可用FCC未调节频率。由于波长可以限制相控阵列101a或可替换的相控阵列101b的分辨能力,所以优选频率尽管没有限制系统对可以在其上进行操作的其他频率的选择,但是仍然已经被确定为5.8GHz(5.17cm波长),该频率适合于在房间、礼堂等规模的距离上向诸如膝上型计算机、蜂窝电话、PDA等设备传输功率。
如图1A-图3B所示,微波能量被聚集到将被电源300充电的设备上,该电源300连接到一个或多个自适应相控微波阵列发射器204(即天线或辐射器)。根据本发明,来自自适应相控微波阵列发射器204的微波能量可以被聚集到设备上而无需知道该设备的位置。如图1A、图1B以及图3A-图3B所示,优选地,将被充电的设备102中的高效整流天线340(整流天线是将微波能量直接转换成直流(D.C.)电的用于整流的天线,这样的设备是本领域中公知的,在此将不做进一步的描述)接收并整流微波能量,并由控制逻辑350确定将该微波能量通过充电用于对电池370进行充电和/或用作给设备102的主功率。在第一实施方式中,在不是用来传递功率的频率上,在无线电源100a和将被充电的设备102中的功率接收机330b之间开通通信信道。
经由来自功率接收机330b中通信设备360的发射机部分的信号,将被充电的设备102在通信信道110a上将在整流天线340处接收到的波束信号强度中继至系统100a的功率发射机330a中通信设备320的接收机部分。这个信息由系统100a的控制逻辑310用来增加功率、减小功率、以及调整微波阵列发射器节点204的发射相位,直到阵列101a辐射最大微波能量波束301,如由将被充电的设备102所报告的那样。
连接到期望传输频率的单个源的每个发射器204可以传送具有特定相位差的信号,该相位差是π/2的倍数。π/2相位增量仅作为示例,其他相位增量,例如π/4、π/8、π/16等是可能的。优选地,除了发射器204可以被关闭或者导通至期望相位之外,不调整功率。
如图2A-图2B最清楚地显示,垂直和水平电缆在每个阵列节点204处交叉。这个配置应用到阵列101a或阵列101b。在垂直电缆202中,导线210是零相位馈线。导线212是π/2相位馈线,并且导线209是垂直控制线。类似地,在水平电缆200中,导线214是π相位馈线。导线216是3π/2相位馈线,并且导线211是水平控制线。控制线209和211可以连接到控制器310以控制在任意给定节点204上哪个相位是活动的。单天线控制可以位于芯片206上,而实际节点辐射器或天线208可以形成为环绕(surrounding)节点204的几何中心的圆形元件。应当理解的是,单个控制器或多个控制器可以控制其中一个或多个功率传输网。
用于系统100a的逻辑控制310的示例算法可以如下:(1)功率接收机330可以使用通信信道110a向附近的任意发射机330a宣布它的存在;(2)功率发射机330a可以仅使用它的天线208或节点204中的一个在通信信道110a上传递它的存在并开始传送;(3)功率接收机330b可以确认在通信信道110a上接收到微弱信号;(4)功率发射机330a接通具有默认零相位的另一天线208或节点204,并在通信信道110a上向接收机330b询问信号强度;(5)功率接收机330b可以返回指示接收到的信号与之前的信号相比更高、相同或更低的信号;(6)如果该信号与之前的信号相比更低或相同,控制器310可以使节点204处的相位增加π/2相位,并请求另一信号强度传输;(7)针对所有相位重复进行步骤5和步骤6;(8)如果没有观察到信号强度增加,那么关闭特定节点204,并且在过程中使用另一节点,从而从步骤4重复进行;(9)重复进行步骤4-步骤6直到所有发射器节点被使用。
在另一示例中,步骤(6)可以包括以3相位循环(包括0,π/2,以及5π/4弧度)增加相位。在这种方式中,可以确定整个正弦曲线的近似形状。相应地,可以确定峰值功率的相位角。此外,由于在合计调谐天线时,下一个增加的天线接收功率可能仅是全部接收功率的一小部分。因此,增加第二个天线可以增加4倍的功率,而增加第101个天线能增加2%的功率,增加第1001个天线能增加全部接收功率的0.2%。这使得难以从被测试的天线中检测真实的功率增益/损耗。因此,在测试周期期间仅有一些天线被增加功率,并且可以记住每个被测试天线的相位。一旦确定了全阵列的相位,所有的元件可以被接通来递送功率。
可替换地,可以对发射功率的所有天线进行重调谐,可能通过在它们的当前值附近轻微地移动它们的相位并检测对接收信号的影响。如果在一个方向上有改进(例如将相位提前或滞后(retarding)),则相位可以继续被循环/增加,直到在任一侧上均没有改进。这将取决于检测大阵列的接收功率水平的改变的能力,否则整个阵列需要被关闭并从零开始重新建立相位。
在第二实施方式中,如图2B和图3B最清楚地显示,每个阵列元件或节点204可以被设置成从功率接收系统330b中的校准发射机460接收校准信号。每个阵列元件或节点204可以经由数据线303向控制逻辑310发送在那个节点204处所检测的接收到的校准信号。随后,控制器310、控制器306或这两个控制器联合将每个阵列元件或节点204设置成针对那个元件的所检测相位作为发射相位,以将优化功率传输301发送回功率接收机330b。在实施方式100a和100b二者中,配置存储器设备可以用于与控制器逻辑310可操作地通信,以使阵列能够将功率发射到特定位置或“热点”而无需先与将被充电的设备102通信。当将被充电的设备102没有备用功率来建立通信信道110a或110b时,该特征在向将被充电的设备102发送功率方面是有用的。
可替换地,第二实施方式可以如下操作,以利用接收机和每个发射机天线(例如收发信机中的天线)中的双向(two way)能力。控制器可以准备每个收发信机来接收来自功率接收机(即将被充电的设备)的信标信号。将被充电的设备随后发出信标信号(例如,可以是经由例如阵列与接收机之间的无线通信来同步它们的时钟的、与相控阵列具有相同频率的校准信号),该信标信号穿过将被充电的设备和功率发射机之间的所有开放路径。功率发射机处的接收信号等于接收机天线与发射机天线之间的、落在功率发射机中的每个天线上的所有开放路径的总和,其中每个路径的总和合计为位于每个特定功率发射机天线处的特定功率水平和相位。
发射机阵列中的每个天线将输入信号与内部信号进行比较,来检测接收到的相位。一旦所有发射机的天线建立了接收到的相位,每个天线使用其全部功率来以接收到的相位的复共轭进行回传。
此外,由于以上阵列调谐考虑了所有可能的路径(例如没有假设在阵列和接收机之间存在直接开放路径或者接收机在环境中平滑和线性运动地移动),所以对环境配置的任何改变可以等同于接收机被移动或者功率发射机阵列的物理配置被改变。因此,可能时常需要频繁地对阵列进行重调谐(例如每秒10次或更多次)。
由于对天线阵列进行重调谐需要切断正被发送的功率以“监听”接收机的信标信号,所以已经被用来为阵列供电的时间可能会丢失。相应地,当接收机处的功率水平没有显著改变时,阵列可以减少重调谐的频率,以将递送到接收机的功率最大化。当接收机处的功率接收下降时,阵列可以增加更新的频率,直到接收机功率再次稳定。可以设置调谐频率的特定限制,例如最小10tps(每秒调谐一次)到最大500tps。因为非常高频的重调谐可能会降低功率传递的效率而变得没有用处。
可替换地,调谐一定数量(n)的天线可以如下执行。所有n个天线被关闭。n个天线中的一个天线随后导通并且保持导通以作为要调谐的其他n个天线中的每一个天线的参考。n个天线中剩余天线中的每一个天线随后导通,并且它们的最佳相位被记录,并且它们随后被关闭。当这个序列在第n个天线上执行时,所有天线都以它们各自的最佳相位导通。
关于具有移动接收机的第一实施方式,可能需要重调谐所有的发射机天线,例如通过在它们的当前值附近轻微地移动它们的相位并检测对接收到的信号的影响。如果在一个方向上改进了,则继续循环/递增相位,直到对任一侧而言都没有改进。这可以取决于检测大阵列的接收功率水平的改变的能力,否则整个阵列或许需要被关闭并从零开始重新建立相位。
示例性阵列101a或101b可以是每侧大约一米的30×30网格网,其中导线的每个交叉具有单个传输天线204。优选地,阵列网101a或101b由柔性/柔软材料制成。网格材料的柔性使得用户能够以实质上非均匀、非共面的方式(即展开但不平坦的方式)来物理地配置微波阵列发射器网101a或101b,以使由例如平坦、二维阵列造成的镜像焦点和在具有离散相位差的平坦、规整放置的阵列中通常发生的盲点最小化。如图1A-图1B所示,阵列101a或阵列101b足够柔韧,以使得它可以被覆盖(drape)在支撑结构(例如盆栽植物S)上,以提供优选的非均匀、非共面配置。
在这种方式中,成功挑战了逆平方定律,因为相控天线是定向的,从而经由可以在接收设备102处接收到的有益(constructively)相控波束信号来产生增益。此外,相控阵列(例如101a和101b)的使用避免了使用更笨重的、难看的设备(例如物理定向天线,即蝶形天线、八木天线(Yagi)等)的必要性。此外,由于功率传输过程的效率,低功率可以用来传输以使得电磁(EM)信号能够使其大部分强度邻近接收设备而不是到处传播,以不破坏环境或产生对位于其他地方的设备的干扰。
一旦接收到信号并且该信号的功率可用,就使用能够完成任务的低压整流器来完成将来自天线的近似5.80GHz AC电流转换成DC电流以为电池370、存储电容器等充电的过程。这些整流器可以基于小面积肖特基二极管或利用与接收到的信号具有相同相位的5.80GHz振荡电路的共振,从而将其功率增强至能够克服在整流天线340的整流器部分中使用的二极管的电压降的程度。应当指出的是,可以通过对阵列进行时间共享、或通过叠加天线的相位以模拟多波束配置来向多个设备充电。
以上描述的充电机制在发射机和接收机相互通信时操作。然而,用于对没有功率来通信的接收机进行充电的方法可能也是有益的。为了实现这个目的,可以建立将接收周期性功率传输突发的一个或多个位置。
在如何对不具有电池能量的设备进行充电的一个示例中,信标设备或复活器(resurrector)(未示出)可以放置在用于接收周期性的功率传输突发的位置中,或根据用户的需要来放置。信标设备可以例如通过发射信标信号来与功率传输网通信,并且功率传输网识别那个信标信号相位配置作为用于发射周期性的功率传输突发的位置(例如每十分钟一秒突发,或者每分钟0.1秒突发,每十分钟一秒突发)。从信标设备发射的信标信号可以在其到达功率发射网之前通过各种媒介被反射和/或折射。因此,功率传输网可以接收到多个信标信号。当功率传输网接收这一个或多个信标信号时,可以建立从信标设备位置到功率传输网之间的开放路径。
功率传输网可以随后聚合信标信号来再次创建所发射信标信号的波形。从这个再次创建的波形,功率传输网可以随后发射功率传输突发作为例如该再次创建的波形的反波形,来在由信标设备建立的位置处提供功率突发。在一个实施方式中,可以通过采用从信标设备接收到的波形的复共轭或者数学上等同的变换来确定该反波形。一旦建立了接收周期性功率传输突发的位置,就可以关闭信标设备。
没有电池功率的将被充电的设备102可以随后被放置在其将要接收周期性功率传输突发的那个位置处,直到该将被充电的设备具有足够的功率来与功率传输网通信以进行如上所述的充电过程。设备可以随后被移动离开那个位置。
一旦将被充电的设备102被从一个位置移动到另一位置或者功率传输网被移动,功率传输网可以自己进行重调谐(例如将传输天线重对准)来建立至将被充电的设备102的最佳传输功率。这个重调谐可以响应于设备102报告功率下降或者响应于规则的间隔(例如1ms-10s)而发生。然而,在尽管功率没有下降但仍然继续有规则地进行重调谐的同时,可以取决于接收机维持信号功率的好坏程度来缩短或延长该规则的间隔。
发射机天线还可以采取将电路包含到单个芯片中并使用导线来菊花式链接(daisy chaining)芯片以产生长串“相导线”的形式,该相导线可以被配置并以各种形状和设计使用。通过“相位控制”芯片串来使用数以千计的天线和关联的控制器构建复杂阵列,芯片之间的导线可以用作将芯片连接到公共控制器的数据通道,而在同时,导线还可以用作发射/接收天线自身。每个芯片可以具有从其引出的用作天线的多个导线。每个天线可以被赋予地址(例如a、b、c等等),从而允许芯片独立于其他芯片来控制每个天线的相位。此外,导线可以取决于可用空间而以所有种类的布置进行配置,因为阵列的调谐与天线的位置和布置无关。
由于天线芯片控制器通过短导线连接,所以导线可以以多种方式而被用作天线。例如,导线本身可以由振荡器和/或放大器驱动,或者可以在导线周围使用屏蔽,其中屏蔽本身被驱动并用作天线,从而防止通信导线屏蔽多层阵列中的信号。
图4是可替换的第一实施方式发射机的框图。该发射机可以是天线控制器400,该天线控制器400包括控制逻辑410、移相器420(N计数)、信号发生器/倍增器430、放大器440(N计数)、以及(N个)天线450。天线控制器400在公共总线上接收来自控制所有天线控制器的单个控制器或来自之前天线控制器400的功率和基频控制信号以及其他命令和通信信号。功率信号例如可以由发射机400的电源(未示出)接收,而基频控制信号可以由信号发生器/倍增器430接收,并且通信信号和命令可以由控制逻辑410接收。在每个之前天线控制器400提供功率和基频控制信号的情况下,携带那些信号的总线可以继续至下一天线控制器400。控制逻辑410可以控制移相器420以使该移相器410调整放大器440的相位。信号发生器/倍增器以例如10MHz从总线接收信号,并将其转换成高达例如2.4、5.8GHz等以用于无线传输。
图5是可替换的第二实施方式发射机的框图。该发射机可以是天线控制器500,该天线控制器500包括控制逻辑510、移相器520(N计数)、信号发生器/倍增器530、收发信机540(N计数)、(N个)天线550以及相位比较器560(N计数)。收发信机540从接收机接收校准或信标信号,并将该信号转发至相位比较器560。相位比较器560确定它们各自的收发信机540接收到的信号的相位,并确定用于发射功率信号的最佳相角。这个信息可以被提供至控制逻辑510,该控制逻辑510随后使移相器520设置收发信机的相位(例如以接收到的信标/校准信号的复共轭),并以那个设置的相位来发射功率。信号发生器/倍增器530执行实质上与天线控制器400的信号发生器/倍增器430类似的功能。此外,总线信号类似于发射机400中的那些总线信号,其中这些信号例如通过发射机500中的对应部件接收。
图6是用于控制例如图4和图5中的天线控制器的控制器600的框图。控制器600包括控制逻辑610、电源620、连接到天线660的通信模块630、连接到天线670的基信号时钟640以及总线控制器650。控制逻辑610控制总线控制器650,该总线控制器650将输出到M个总线上的信号发射到M个天线控制器(例如400和500)。电源620向总线控制器650提供功率源。通信模块630通过其各自的天线660发射和接收来自接收机的数据。基信号时钟640向其他控制器发射基信号,并且还发送/接收至接收机的传输以用于同步。一个控制器600可以用来控制所有发射机天线或若干控制器600可以被用在一个控制器600控制一组天线的情况中。此外,应当理解的是,虽然示出了具有各自天线的分离的通信模块和基信号时钟,但是该功能可以整合到一个模块中(例如通信模块630)。
图7是根据第一实施方式的可替换接收机700的框图。接收机700包括控制逻辑710、电池720、通信模块730及其关联的天线760、功率计量器(meter)740以及整流器750及其关联的天线770。控制逻辑710在数据载波频率上发射和接收来自通信模块730的数据信号。这个数据信号可以是在以上描述的侧信道上发射的功率强度信号的形式。整流器750从功率发射机接收功率传输信号,该功率传输信号通过功率计量器740馈送至电池720以用于充电。功率计量器740测量接收到的功率信号强度,并将该测量提供至控制逻辑710。控制逻辑710还可以从电池720本身接收电池功率水平。
接收机700可以通过使控制器600经由天线670发射基频信号来与例如控制器600同步。接收机700随后使用这个信号来同步接收机发射回控制器600的信标信号或校准信号。还可以注意到,这个技术还可以与多个控制器一起使用。也就是说,在使用多个传输阵列的情况下,控制器可以通过利用从控制器中的一个控制器发送的基频信号来相互同步。
图8是根据第二实施方式的可替换接收机800的框图。该接收机800包括控制逻辑810、电池820、通信模块830及其关联的天线870、功率计量器840、整流器850、信标信号发生器860及其关联的天线880、以及将整流器850或信标信号发生器860连接到关联的天线890的开关865。整流器850从功率发射机接收功率传输信号,该功率传输信号通过功率计量器840馈送到电池820以用于充电。功率计量器840测量接收到的功率信号强度,并将这个测量提供至控制逻辑810。控制逻辑810还可以从电池820本身接收电池功率水平。控制逻辑810还可以经由通信模块830在数据载波频率上发射/接收数据信号,例如用于时钟同步的基信号时钟。信标信号发生器860使用天线880或890发射信标信号或校准信号。还可以注意到,虽然所示的是电池820用于被充电并向接收机800提供功率,但是该接收机还可以直接从整流器850接收它的功率。这可以是整流器850向电池820提供充电电流的补充,或提供充电的替代。此外,还可以注意到,使用多个天线是一种示例性实现方式,并且该结构可以被缩减至一个共享天线。
由于发射机的天线控制电路和接收机功率与控制电路可以被构建为集成电路(IC)并可以共享多个关键电路部件,所以两个芯片功能可以设计为单个芯片,并且通过选择不同的封装或配置,芯片可以用作发射机或接收机。也就是说,某些部分被使能或禁用的同一芯片可以用作发射天线控制器或接收机控制器。这可以减少构建和测试两种不同芯片的成本,以及可以显著地节约芯片生产成本。
如上所述,传输网的形状可以多种多样。因此,天线的包装(packing)可以足够接近于所发射功率信号的波长的大约一半、接近于波长的若干倍。可以构成二维布置以允许阵列平躺在毯子下面,或者覆盖在阁楼隔热层上。例如,可以使用包含多个发射天线的多个宽导线(例如二维阵列的窄条)。这些宽导线可以安装在地板中或墙中。可替换地,功率传输网可以是环形天线的形式,或任意其他形状。
三维布置可以封装最大数量的天线,并且可以被整合成方便的形式,例如办公室吊顶板、门、画以及电视,因而使得阵列不可见和不突兀。此外,网格阵列可以形成为彼此堆叠的多个层,从而允许更高密度的天线。在这个示例中,阵列的行为类似于“相控体积(phased volume)”,其中单个前向波束的后面具有最少的镜像波束(mirror beam)。该镜像波束可以随着相控体积厚度的增加而被减小。
也就是说,使用全向天线的完美平坦的相控阵列可以在阵列平面附近对称地产生所形成波前(wavefront)的2幅“图像”(例如当在阵列的相反侧上存在自由空间或相同环境时)。这可能具有减少功率传递的不期望后果(例如50%的功率到了背面),并从而减少递送的效率。以非平面的形式布置阵列天线可以在即使其具有3维阵列对称设计的情况下仍然减少这种对称波前,这是由于这样的事实即天线将在跨阵列对称侧上具有不同的相位从而使得信号不对称以及不“镜像”。
当针对特定接收机对阵列进行相位调谐时,阵列中的每个天线具有它向其进行发射的特定相位,来产生到达该特定接收机的信号。两个或更多个接收机可以被配置成通过以下技术中的一个或组合来接收功率。
在第一种技术中,可以在不同的接收机之间利用对功率传递的时间共享。这可以通过将阵列中的天线调谐至一个接收机并然后切换至下一接收机从而给予每个接收机相同(或不同)量的时间来完成。将阵列调谐至每个接收机可以根据记忆完成,或使用类似于第二实施方式技术的过程来完成。
在另一种技术中,可以利用对所有阵列天线进行相位调制以产生多个功率点。对于每个天线,接收信号是相位为接收角度的矢量,而幅度是接收信号的功率水平。为了产生至多个接收机的返回信号,传输相位可以确定为接收矢量的总和的角度。虽然没有必要利用接收到的信号的幅度并以常规传输功率从每个天线进行发射,但是为了当考虑多径信号时产生执行地更好的偏置多焦(biased multi-focus)信号,可以发现来自每个接收机的峰值接收信号功率,并且矢量相加可以通过相对于归一化尺度(例如来自每个接收机的峰值功率可以被认为针对该峰值功率的幅度为1.0)对矢量进行缩放来进行偏置。矢量相加可以确保每个天线向接收机提供更多的功率,天线可以向该接收机传递更多的功率或可替换地从该接收机接收更多的功率。
天线共享是另一种技术。通过将整个阵列分为多个子阵列,每个子阵列可以将其功率专用于特定的接收机。这种方法在阵列足够大而在被分解后变得有效时是有益的。
分离阵列可以被同时使用,其中独立阵列单元使用空中频率上的共享来对它们的基信号时钟进行同步,以从指定的“主”单元获得连续的信号,从而允许所有“从”发射机控制器单元将它们的波形连贯地(coherently)加在一起。这允许分离阵列分布在环境中,从而给予用户在建筑、生活住所、生产工厂或办公室附近布置多个阵列时的灵活性。在设置这些控制器期间,安装器/管理器可以通过沿着故障切换(failover)序列来指定主单元而将不同的控制器阵列相互链接起来,以使不论多少阵列失败,该系统仍将继续使用可用的阵列来工作。例如,可以通过使用原子钟对阵列进行同步来设置阵列。也就是说,如果分离阵列单元将单个频率用于功率传输,则分离阵列单元可以通过使用精确的原子钟(例如大于1:10^10的精度)进行工作而无需同步到基频上。在这种情况下,它们将立刻同相,从而允许保持相位/信号的连贯性。
在另一功率传输技术中,发射机可以在侧通信信道处发出规则的信号,以向所有接收机广播该发射机的存在。如果附近有其他发射机,则它确保使用协商一致的频率中的一个频率,或者通过监控其他发射机的信号来避免信号冲突。这些广播宣告能够在频率上从每分钟几个变化到每分钟不到一个。接收机可以发送出信号以宣告该接收机的存在,并且发射机可以协商以发现哪个发射机最适合于功率递送。一旦决定,接收机就“锁定”到单个发射机上。这可能需要每个发射机被定义为逻辑(单个控制器)设备——其能够由多个链接的发射机构成。如果控制器检测到功率包络(envelope)已经改变(即接收机不是正在要求相同的功率),则控制器可以继续提供功率以使接收机将不会失败。
在另一种功率传输技术中,发射机可以被设置,以使得它们是开放的以向任何想要的设备提供功率,或者它们可以与它们应服务的设备“配对”。配对避免了邻居间相互无意地借用功率的问题,这从发射机拥有者的角度可能会影响效率。当发射机面对多个接收机时,它可能想建立优先次序等级,例如先将功率给予最需要的设备,这可以根据一个或多个预定义的准则来建立。
例如,准则中的一些准则可以包括:设备对于设备拥有者而言非常重要(例如相对于玩具的蜂窝电话);设备通常不在发射机附近度过全天(例如TV远程控制相较于蜂窝电话);或者发现设备需要被立即供电否则它将失败。这样的设备相对于其它设备而言将给予更高的优先级,直到它们达到非关键(non-critical)功率。可替换地,可以利用用户定制的优先级,从而用户决定哪个设备将得到最高的优先级。
以上描述的示例性优先次序喜好可以被预先安装在具有由阵列的安装者施加影响的能力的发射机系统中(例如在控制逻辑中),从而确保该系统根据拥有者/用户的优先次序进行传递。拥有者或用户还可能期望是阵列将开放以向任何设备发射功率还是可能期望将特定设备注册为最高优先级或最低优先级。此外,用户或拥有者可能期望确定是否维持给特定设备的功率,即使该特定设备正在移动。
在第二实施方式阵列调谐算法中,传输功率在阵列重调谐到接收机的新位置时必须停止。如果这些重调谐操作由于接收机的快速移动或环境配置的迅速改变而以高频率执行,则在接收新信标信号的同时保持阵列关闭所需的时间能够降低功率传递效率。因此,为了抵消这个因素,阵列/接收机可以使用多于一个的频率。当一个频率正被调谐时,另一个频率可以继续发射功率,接着后续的频率被调谐直到所有的频率都已经被重调谐,从而避免传输中任何停止的间隙(gap)。
当设计大相控阵列时,由于大量的电缆(例如,同轴电缆)而使得向每个天线发送所需要的频率可能是困难的。当天线的数量大于1000时,这可能更加困难。作为另外的替换,因此,不是向所有天线发送高频信号(>1GHz),而是向所有天线发送低频信号(~10MHz),并且每个天线将具有倍频(frequency multiplication)电路,例如锁相环(PLL)和移相器。
此外,可能期望用具有接收功率和自身再充电能力的标准格式电池(例如AA、AAA、C型电池、D型电池或其它)来替换电子/电气设备中使用的一次性或可再充电电池。这将要求电池具有与发射机阵列通信所需的所有电路,以及具有用来运行电池对其进行供电的设备的电荷/能量容量。
设备经常需要用于激活部件的电压或电流或用于确保电池置换之间的长期操作的电池容量,该电池容量超出了单个电池的容量。因此,多个电池通常串联或并联使用。然而,在使用单个接收机电池的情况下,仅有一个电池对于设备操作而言是必要的,因为该电池可以传递需要的电压,并且能量容量成为无实际意义的问题,这是由于该电池能够接收很大数量的能量来维持持久的操作而无需更换电池。
然而,由于设备电池存储区域的配置,使用单个电池替代多个电池可能无法工作。因此,可以使用其他的技术来克服这个问题。
图9是接收机电池系统900的框图。系统900包括至少一个接收机电池910,并且可以包括任何数量的空(null)电池920。作为示例,示出了一个接收机电池910和两个空电池920,然而应当注意的是,可以利用任意数量的空电池。接收机电池910包括功率电容器911、控制电路912、电压控制振荡器913。空电池920包括感应逻辑(induction logic)921。
相应地,电池系统900可以如下操作。提供具有“接收机”使能电池的仅一个电池(即910)。然而,在可能发生的其他问题之中,与运转良好的电池串联放置的规则电池可能具有随时间而累积(build up)的电阻,并且一旦超过它们的使用寿命,它们就可能会泄露。
可替换地,“空”电池(即920)可以与接收机电池910上的“功率选择器”结合使用。在一个示例中,空电池920是具有精确电池尺寸但其阳极被缩短的设备,使得接收机电池910的电压在无需帮助的情况下驱动设备。接收机电池910利用控制电路或滑块(slider)912或其他选择机制来允许用户选择他/她更换的电池数量。接收机电池910接着输出期望电压以补偿空电池920。
在另一技术中,可以使用智能空电池920以及智能接收机电池910。接收机电池将初始地输出期望格式的一个电池的电压以及1KHz(或类似的其它频率)低压振荡(对于用于检测所使用的空电池数量的持续时间而言,为<0.1V振荡),而且智能空电池920使用1KHz来感应地为自身供电。空电池现在可以通过接收机电池能够检测的电阻、电容或其他方式来对功率线产生影响。智能空电池920的影响频率可以由板上(onborad)准随机发生器(例如逻辑921)执行,该准随机发生器具有静态增加的特性。因此,可以确定线上准随机发生器的计数。其中一个实施方式可以是使用以已知间隔运行的32比特线性反馈移位寄存器,以使所移位的比特用来触发功率线上的影响即“尖峰(blips)”。关于功率增加的反馈移位寄存器的种子数应当对于所有空电池920而言是不同的,以便它们不一致地工作。
图10是示例性电池系统功率线图1000,该功率线图包括“尖峰”1010。接收机电池910对功率线上的尖峰进行计数,并确定智能空电池920的数量。尖峰1010可以是高频脉冲或电容调节器。可以选择没有被绝大多数电子/电气设备掩蔽(masked out)的尖峰。这个过程执行一小段时间,例如小于1毫秒。此后,接收机电池910可以不需要电压检测直到下一个功率增加为止,该下一功率增加可能处于具有不同功率需求的不同设备中。由接收机电池910产生的1KHz“功率”频率停止,而且空电池920变成休眠状态并且变得对于正被供电的设备而言是透明的。
再次参考图10,随机尖峰1010是由系统900的功率系统线上的两个空电池920中的每一个空电池生成的。尖峰1010用来由接收机电池910确定随机尖峰生成器的数量。通过随着时间对尖峰进行计数并除以期望的来自单个空电池920的数,可以确定串联安装的空电池920的数量。然而,在并联电池安装系统中,一个接收机电池910可能需要用于每个并联功率线。
当设备正在以高于500MHz的高频接收功率时,该设备的位置可以变成辐射(传入)的热点。因此,当该设备位于人身上时,辐射水平可能超过FCC规范或者超过医疗/工业局设定的可接受辐射水平。为了避免任何过度辐射的问题,该设备可以集成运动检测机构,例如加速度计或等同的机构。一旦该设备检测到它正在运动,它可以假设它正被人持有,并且将触发至阵列的信号以停止向它发射功率或将所接收的功率降低至该功率的可接受的一部分。在该设备用在例如汽车、火车或飞机的移动环境中的情况中,功率可能仅被间歇地发射或者以减少的水平被发射,除非该设备接近于丢失所有可用的功率。
图11是根据第一实施方式的可替换接收机1100,该接收机包括如上所述的运动检测。接收机1100包括控制逻辑1110、电池1120、通信模块1130及其关联的天线1160、功率计量器1140、整流器1150及其关联的天线1170以及运动传感器1180。没有运动传感器1180的话,其余部件以类似于接收机700中各个部件的功能进行操作。运动传感器1180如上所述检测运动,并且根据上述技术用信号通知控制逻辑1110动作。
图12是根据第二实施方式的可替换接收机1200,该接收机包括如上所述的运动检测。接收机1200包括控制逻辑1210、电池1220、通信模块1230及其关联的天线1270、功率计量器1240、整流器1250、信标信号发生器1260及其关联的天线1280、以及将整流器1250或信标信号发生器1260连接到关联的天线1290的开关1265。没有运动传感器1280的话,其余部件以类似于接收机800中各个部件的功能进行操作。运动传感器1280如上所述检测运动,并且根据上述技术用信号通知控制逻辑1210动作。
例如蜂窝电话或媒体播放器之类的被设计成以WiFi通信或蓝牙等所使用的频率接收功率的设备可能已经具有能够以功率传输频率接收功率的天线。因此,替代具有额外的天线来接收功率,通过向通信硬件增加需要的电路(例如增加整流、控制逻辑等),用于WiFi通信等的相同通信天线可以用于接收功率。
无线功率传输系统的一些使用示例可以包括超市,并且顾客零售商店在商品货架上提供价格标签。管理这些标签上的价格数可能是昂贵和耗时的事。此外,特定交易和促销意味着标签可能每天都会改变。
利用当今的电子墨水招牌,可能将每个标签制造成能够非常有效地显示价格/促销的小电子设备,并且电子墨水在显示静态图像时不消耗功率。然而,需要功率来接收要显示的新数据,而且还需要改变电子墨水显示。将导线连接到每个标签不是可行的方案,在每个标签中放置电池也是不可行的方案。因为他们将需要定期地充电和更换。通过利用无线功率传输,可以从天花板或货架中的无线功率发射机阵列来可操作地维护数以千计的标签;定期地以及当标签移动时为标签供电。一旦标签到达期望的目的地,标签可以使用初始功率通过无线或有线来激活。
在另一示例中,制造工厂利用大量传感器和控制器来维持产品、综合生产率以及所制造商品的质量的同步。尽管使用了无线通信,但是仍然需要至每个设备的功率携带导线,这使得设备依赖于易于失败的一个或多个部件,并且设备在安装以在高度易燃的环境(例如炼油厂)中使用之前不能够密封,因为设备需要孔来将导线引入设备中。相应地,可以通过包含以上所述的无线功率接收机中的其中一个无线功率接收机来给这些设备提供无线功率。
无线功率系统还可以被用于运动检测。当功率传输系统是活动的时,环境中的小扰动可以改变递送的效率,即使在传输视线中没有改变的时候。因为该系统利用(leverage)环境中的多个路径(多径),所以它可以用作运动检测器。通过测量从位于或分布于环境中的阵列接收到的功率,接收到的功率水平的任何改变将是环境电磁配置改变的指示。可以注意到,在这些使用中,功率递送水平可能很小,因为导线可以为接收机供电,但它仅能充当调谐阵列的手段。一旦检测到环境配置的改变,安全系统/告警将被通知该改变。
在另一示例中,调整其内部物体的温度的单独的饮料和食物容器需要恒定的电源。如果这些容器高度移动,则维持电源的可用性将变得困难。无线功率可以用来维持电源的可用性,并从而容器的温度可以被维持在期望的温度。容器还可以使用可用功率来报告内部物体的温度、液位或内部物体的重量。示例是当冷/热饮料在热天被供应时或者当热饮/冷饮是饮用它们的最好方式时,通过使用这个能力,饮用者不需要在饮料达到周围温度时饮完他们的饮料,而是能够在更长的时间期间享用他们的饮料。此外,当饮料变少时,可以通过信号接收机来无线地通知主机,并在饮料用完之前及时灌满饮料。
在另一示例中,当你可以使用功率接收机来监控设备的功率使用时,能够在失败之前检测到失败的设备。例如,如果火警不消耗它们使用的标称功率,或者当设备的功率消耗剧烈变化时(这在设备将要失败的时候通常发生),火警可以被认为已经失败。
可以理解的是,本发明不限于以上所述的实施方式,但包含下面权利要求范围内的任意和所有实施方式。例如,虽然已经描述了5.8GHz的频率,但可以使用高于100MHz的任意频率作为功率传输频率。
还应当注意的是,任意类型的可再充电电池(包括标准尺寸的可再充电电池或者在特定电子设备(例如蜂窝电话、PDA等)中使用的定制可再充电电池)可以用来从功率传输网接收充电。这些可再充电电池可以用来替换当前现有的电池,并可以包括接收机电子电路,该接收机电子电路允许它们接收功率传输信号,并将对其进行转换来对电池重新充电。
实施方式
1、一种无线微波功率发射机。
2、根据实施例1所述的无线微波功率发射机,该无线微波功率发射机还包括控制器和具有多个微波阵列收发信机的相控阵列天线,所述多个微波阵列收发信件用于发射微波功率传输信号。
3、根据前述任意实施例所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中收发信机是通过控制器自适应地相控,以以所选择的相位来发射它们各自的功率传输信号。
4、根据前述任意实施例所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中每个收发信机还可操作地用于从将被充电的设备接收校准信号,并检测收发信件接收该校准信号的相位。
5、根据前述任意实施例所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中控制器还被配置成将用于发射功率传输信号的所选择相位调整到所确定的相位,该所确定的相位基于所检测的相位,其中所确定的相位指示向将被充电的设备发射功率传输信号的最佳相位。
6、根据前述任意实施例所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中发射功率传输信号而无需使用来自将被充电的设备的位置信号(如果有的话),该位置信号指示将被充电的设备的位置。
7、根据前述任意实施例所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中所确定的相位是所检测相位的复共轭。
8、根据前述任意实施例所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中控制器被配置成将校准信号和内部信号进行比较以检测校准信号的接收相位。
9、根据前述任意实施例所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中控制器还被配置成针对将被发射到将被充电的设备的功率传输信号,调整在发射功率传输信号中使用的所选择相位至所确定的相位,其中所确定的相位实质上是所检测相位的复共轭。
10、根据前述任意实施例所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中所确定的相位是位于偏离所检测相位的复共轭的容限(margin)内的相位角。
11、根据前述任意实施例所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中所确定的相位是位于所检测相位的复共轭加上或减去36度内的相位角。
12、一种无线微波功率接收机。
13、根据实施例12所述的无线微波功率接收机,该无线微波功率接收机还包括整流天线,该整流天线被配置成接收功率传输信号以给充电接收机充电。
14、根据前述实施例12-13中的任意实施例所述的无线微波功率接收机,该无线微波功率接收机还包括发射机,该发射机被配置成向微波功率发射机发射校准信号。
15、根据前述实施例12-14中的任意实施例所述的无线微波功率接收机,其中整流天线还被配置成接收具有所确定的相位的功率传输信号,功率传输信号的所确定的相位实质上是校准信号的所检测相位的复共轭。
16、根据前述实施例12-15中的任意实施例所述的无线微波功率接收机,其中所确定的相位是位于偏离校准信号的所检测相位的复共轭的容限内的相位角。
17、根据前述实施例12-16中任意实施例所述的无线微波功率接收机,其中所确定的相位是位于校准信号的所检测相位的复共轭加上或减去36度内的相位角。

Claims (9)

1.一种无线微波功率发射机,该无线微波功率发射机包括:
控制器和具有多个微波阵列收发信机的相控阵列天线,所述多个微波阵列收发信机用于传送微波功率传输信号,所述收发信机由所述控制器自适应地相控以以所选择的相位传送所述收发信机各自的功率传输信号;
每个收发信机还可操作地用于从将被充电的设备接收校准信号,并且检测所述收发信机接收所述校准信号的相位;
所述控制器还被配置成将在传送所述功率传输信号中使用的所述所选择的相位调整至所确定的相位,所述所确定的相位基于所检测的相位,其中所述所确定的相位指示向所述将被充电的设备传送所述功率传输信号的最佳相位;以及
其中,无需利用如果存在的话来自所述将被充电的设备的位置信号来传送所述功率传输信号,所述位置信号指示所述将被充电的设备的位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无线功率发射机,其中所述所确定的相位是所述所检测的相位的复共轭。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无线功率发射机,其中所述控制器被配置成将所述校准信号和内部信号进行比较,以检测所述校准信号的接收相位。
4.一种无线微波功率发射机,该无线微波功率发射机包括:
控制器和具有多个微波阵列收发信机的相控阵列天线,所述多个微波阵列收发信机用于传送微波功率传输信号,所述收发信机由所述控制器自适应地相控以以所选择的相位传送所述功率传输信号;
每个收发信机还可操作地用于从将被充电的设备接收校准信号,并且检测所述收发信机接收所述校准信号的相位;
所述控制器还被配置成针对将被传送给所述将被充电的设备的所述功率传输信号,将在传送所述功率传输信号中使用的所选择的相位调整至所确定的相位,其中所述所确定的相位实质上是所检测的相位的复共轭;
其中,无需利用如果存在的话来自所述将被充电的设备的位置信号来传送所述功率传输信号,所述位置信号指示所述将被充电的设备的位置。
5.根据权利要求4所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中所述所确定的相位是位于偏离所述所检测的相位的复共轭的容限内的相位角。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无线微波功率发射机,其中所述所确定的相位是位于所述所检测的相位的复共轭加上或减去36度内的相位角。
7.一种无线微波功率接收机,该无线微波功率接收机包括:
整流天线,被配置成接收功率传输信号以向充电接收机充电;
发射机,被配置成向微波功率发射机传送校准信号;以及
其中所述整流天线还被配置成接收具有所确定的相位的功率传输信号,所述功率传输信号的所述所确定的相位实质上是校准信号的所检测相位的复共轭。
8.根据权利要求7所述的无线微波功率接收机,其中所述所确定的相位是位于偏离所述校准信号的所述所检测相位的复共轭的容限内的相位角。
9.根据权利要求8所述的无线微波功率接收机,其中所述所确定的相位是位于所述校准信号的所述所检测相位的复共轭加上或减去36度内的相位角。
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US10008887B2 (en) 2018-06-26
US20140035524A1 (en) 2014-02-06
US20200185972A1 (en) 2020-06-11
CN106953424A (zh) 2017-07-14
KR20200006631A (ko) 2020-01-20
RU2016131457A3 (zh) 2020-02-14
KR20170089940A (ko) 2017-08-04
EP2609670A1 (en) 2013-07-03
US8558661B2 (en) 2013-10-15
RU2719472C2 (ru) 2020-04-17
JP2022048193A (ja) 2022-03-25
WO2012027166A1 (en) 2012-03-01
US20160013685A1 (en) 2016-01-14
BR112013004393B1 (pt) 2021-09-21
US10566846B2 (en) 2020-02-18
JP2020058233A (ja) 2020-04-09
TWI478461B (zh) 2015-03-21
JP6125471B2 (ja) 2017-05-10
KR102066720B1 (ko) 2020-01-15
TW201528644A (zh) 2015-07-16
RU2596604C2 (ru) 2016-09-10
JP7428732B2 (ja) 2024-02-06
JP6797061B2 (ja) 2020-12-09
JP2023184683A (ja) 2023-12-28
TWI563767B (en) 2016-12-21
BR112013004393A2 (pt) 2020-08-25
JP2013538548A (ja) 2013-10-10
US9142973B2 (en) 2015-09-22
US8854176B2 (en) 2014-10-07
KR20190087664A (ko) 2019-07-24
KR20180116474A (ko) 2018-10-24
US10897161B2 (en) 2021-01-19
CN106877524B (zh) 2020-10-23
US8410953B2 (en) 2013-04-02
TW201212462A (en) 2012-03-16
TW201717523A (zh) 2017-05-16
US20120193999A1 (en) 2012-08-02
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US10396602B2 (en) 2019-08-27
JP2014223018A (ja) 2014-11-27
KR102227472B1 (ko) 2021-03-15
JP7405624B2 (ja) 2023-12-26
KR101911052B1 (ko) 2018-10-24
US20130207604A1 (en) 2013-08-15
US20150022022A1 (en) 2015-01-22
EP2609670B1 (en) 2018-12-26
KR20210029846A (ko) 2021-03-16
TWI499156B (zh) 2015-09-01
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US20170358959A1 (en) 2017-12-14
JP2017139954A (ja) 2017-08-10
EP2609670A4 (en) 2017-05-10
RU2016131457A (ru) 2018-12-07
CN106953424B (zh) 2020-07-03
RU2013112936A (ru) 2014-09-27
JP5738416B2 (ja) 2015-06-24
KR20140012937A (ko) 2014-02-04
CN106877524A (zh) 2017-06-20
US20100315045A1 (en) 2010-12-16
KR101762882B1 (ko) 2017-08-04
CN107069905B (zh) 2020-01-31
US20190386521A1 (en) 2019-12-19
KR102391333B1 (ko) 2022-04-26
EP3474415A1 (en) 2019-04-24
CN103155353B (zh) 2016-10-26

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