JP5526795B2 - ワイヤレス給電システム - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Description
また、近年、電磁共鳴現象を利用した磁界共鳴方式と呼ばれる方式を用いたワイヤレス給電、および充電システムが注目されている。
なお、電磁共鳴現象には磁界共鳴方式の他に電界共鳴方式がある。
また、磁界共鳴方式を採用して、60Wの電力を伝送し、50cm離れた電子機器を駆動する高効率な「ワイヤレス給電システム」の開発が報告されている。
その場合、手動で調整することも考えられるが、その際に専用の測定器や技術が必要となり実現することは困難である。
なお、説明は以下の順序で行う。
1.第1の実施形態(ワイヤレス給電システムの第1の構成例)
2.第2の実施形態(ワイヤレス給電システムの第2の構成例)
3.第3の実施形態(ワイヤレス給電システムの第3の構成例)
4.第4の実施形態(ワイヤレス給電システムの第4の構成例)
図1は、本発明の第1の実施形態に係るワイヤレス給電システムの構成例を示す図である。
方向性結合器23は、高周波信号生成回路24で発生された高周波電力(AC電力)を可変整合回路22側に供給する。
高周波信号生成回路24で発生された高周波電力は、方向性結合器23を通して可変整合回路22に供給され、送電コイル部21の共振コイル211に給電(印加)される。
換言すれば、制御部25は、共振コイル211が中継デバイス40の共振コイル411あるいは受電デバイス30の共振コイル311と自己共振周波数が一致し、磁界共鳴関係となり電力を効率良く伝送するように制御する。
制御部25は、無線通信機能を含む無線通信部251を含み、受電デバイス30側の制御部36、並びに中継デバイス40の制御部43と無線通信により伝送効率に関する制御情報や通過反射電力の検出結果情報の授受が可能である。無線通信としては、たとえばブルートゥースやRFID等を採用可能である。
制御部25は、たとえばマイクロコンピュータ(マイコン)により構成される。
受電デバイス30は、さらに整流回路34、受電電力の供給対象である負荷35、および第1または第2の制御部としての制御部36を含んで構成されている。
通過反射電力検出回路33は、受電した交流電力を整流回路34に供給する。
換言すれば、制御部36は、共振コイル311が中継デバイス40の共振コイル411あるいは送電デバイス20の共振コイル211と自己共振周波数が一致し、磁界共鳴関係となり電力を効率良く伝送するように制御する。
制御部36は、無線通信機能を含む無線通信部361を含み、送電デバイス20側のコ制御部25(および中継デバイス側の制御部)と無線通信により制御情報や通過反射電力の検出結果情報の授受が可能である。
制御部36は、たとえばマイクロコンピュータ(マイコン)により構成される。
中継デバイス40は、送受電コイル部41、駆動部としてのモータ42、および第2または第3の制御部としての制御部43を含んで構成されている。
共振コイル411と送電デバイス20の共振コイル211とは、磁界共鳴関係をもって結合可能であり、共振コイル411は中間段の共振器として機能する。
同様に、共振コイル411と受電デバイス30の共振コイル311とは、磁界共鳴関係をもって結合可能であり、共振コイル411は中間段の共振器として機能する。
共振コイル411は、空心コイルにより形成され、受電デバイス30の共振コイル311と自己共振周波数が一致したときに磁界共鳴関係となり電力を効率良く伝送する。
モータ42は、共振コイル411の一方側コイル面411aと送電デバイス20の共振コイル211のコイル面211a、および他方側コイル面411bと受電デバイス30の共振コイル311のコイル面311aとの正対する角度を調整する。
換言すれば、モータ42は、共振コイル411と、送電デバイス20の共振コイル211と、受電デバイス30の共振コイル31とが同一軸上に配置されて伝送効率が最大となるように、共振コイル411を、駆動軸DAXを中心に回転させる。
モータ42は、たとえばステッピングモータにより構成可能であり、駆動軸DAXを中心に正逆方向に回転可能である。
制御部43は、制御部25,36の情報を受けて、送電デバイス20の可変整合回路22および受電デバイス30の可変整合回路32におけるインピーダンス整合により高効率な電力伝送が可能なように制御信号S43を駆動部としてモータ42に出力する。
換言すれば、制御部43は、共振コイル411が送電デバイス20の共振コイル211および受電デバイス30の共振コイル311と自己共振周波数が一致し、磁界共鳴関係となり電力を効率良く伝送するように制御する。
制御部43は、たとえばマイクロコンピュータ(マイコン)により構成される。
この構成においては、共振コイル211と共振コイル411が磁界結合し、共振コイル411と共振コイル311が磁界結合して電力を供給しているため、共振素子411が中継デバイス(レピータデバイス)40として機能する。
本第1の実施形態においては、共振コイル411を、駆動軸DAXを中心に回転制御することにより、共振素子411を共振素子211、311の中間点に軸を合わせて配置した場合に効率は最大となる。
送電デバイス20において、高周波信号生成回路(信号源)24において、共振コイル211の自己共振周波数と同じ周波数の交流信号が生成され、この交流信号は共振コイル211に給電される。
そこで、反射することなく電力を供給するためには信号源と共振コイル211間で整合を取る必要がある。
方向性結合器23で通過電力と反射電力を検出して制御部25によってLC可変整合回路22を自動調整することで整合を取り効率良く電力を供給する。
受電デバイス30側では、中継デバイス40で中継された電力が受電されるが、共振コイル311と共振コイル211の自己共振周波数と同じで電力が整流回路34を介して負荷35に供給される。
そこで、反射することなく電力を供給するためには負荷35と共振コイル311間で整合を取る必要がある。
方向性結合器32で通過電力と反射電力を検出して制御部36によってLC可変整合回路32を自動調整することで整合を取り効率良く電力を受電する。
そして、中継デバイス(レピータデバイス)40では、レピータ素子である共振コイル411は、送電側共振コイル211および受電側共振コイル311と同じ共振周波数となっており、またそれぞれ同一軸上に配置されているときに最大効率になる。
そこで、中継デバイス40において、制御部43が送電デバイス20の制御部25と受電デバイス30の制御部36とで情報のやりとりをすることでモータ42を制御し、角度を調整して効率良く電力を供給する。
また、給電距離をのばすことが可能である。
その結果、通常の磁界共鳴方式の電力伝送能力を超えた給電距離を得られることが可能となる。
図2は、本発明の第2の実施形態に係るワイヤレス給電システムの構成例を示すブロック図である。
ポジショナ42Aは、図2中に示す直交座標系のX方向、Y方向、およびZ方向に共振コイル411の位置を移動させて調整可能である。
そこで、中継デバイス40Aにおいて、制御部43Aが送電デバイス20の制御部25と受電デバイス30の制御部36とで情報のやりとりをすることでポジショナ42Aを制御し、位置を調整して効率良く電力を供給する。
図3は、本発明の第3の実施形態に係るワイヤレス給電システムの構成例を示すブロック図である。
すなわち、中継デバイス40Bは、駆動部として、第1の実施形態の角度調整のためのモータ42の機能と、第2の実施形態の位置調整のためのポジショナ42Aの機能を併せ持つモータおよびポジショナ42Bを有する。
図4は、本発明の第4の実施形態に係るワイヤレス給電システムの構成例を示すブロック図である。
この場合、モータおよびポジショナ42Bの制御も含めて制御部25Cで一括して制御する。
図5は、本発明の第4の実施形態に係るワイヤレス給電システムの応用例の等価ブロックを示す図である。
受電デバイス30Dは、携帯電話やノート型パーソナルコンピュータ(パソコン)やマウスなど、電力を供給されて動作するものである。
受電デバイス30Dの位置によってレピータ素子である共振コイル411−1,411−2の角度と位置を調整し最大効率で送電デバイスから受電デバイスへ電力が供給される。
すなわち、本実施形態によれば、磁界共鳴型のワイヤレス給電システムにおいて、中継デバイス(レピータデバイス)を送電デバイスと受電デバイスの間に配置することで効率を改善することが可能であるが、ある特定の位置で最大効率をとる。
実際に中継デバイス(レピータデバイス)を配置する際、位置ずれや角度ずれが生じて効率が低下してしまう場合がある。
そこで、本実施形態においては、状況に応じて中継デバイス(レピータデバイス)の共振コイルを調整することで、効率の低下をなくし最大効率を維持させる。
このように、本実施形態によれば、専用の測定器等が不要で、高い給電効率をもって給電することができる。
また、給電距離をのばすことが可能である。
その結果、通常の磁界共鳴方式の電力伝送能力を超えた給電距離を得られることが可能となる。
Claims (6)
- 給電される電力を送電する送電デバイスと、
上記送電デバイスの送電電力を中継する少なくとも一つの中継デバイスと、
上記中継デバイスで中継された電力を受電する受電デバイスと、を有し、
上記送電デバイスは、
上記電力が給電され、当該電力を送電する第1の共振素子を含み、
上記中継デバイスは、
上記送電された電力を、磁界共鳴関係をもって受電して送電する第2の共振素子を含み、
上記受電デバイスは、
磁界共鳴関係をもって上記中継デバイスから送電された電力を受電する第3の共振素子を含み、
上記中継デバイスは、
上記送電デバイスおよび上記受電デバイスの少なくとも一方の電力伝送情報に応じて、上記第2の共振素子の配置角度および配置位置のうちの少なくとも一方を調整可能な駆動部を含む
ワイヤレス給電システム。 - 上記送電デバイスは、
上記第1の共振素子に給電するための電力を生成する電力生成部と、
制御信号に応じて上記第1の共振素子の給電点におけるインピーダンス整合機能を有する可変整合部と、
伝送電力の状態を検出する検出部と、
上記検出部の検出結果を受けて、上記可変整合部におけるインピーダンス整合により電力伝送効率が高くなるように上記制御信号を上記可変整合部に出力する第1の制御部と、を含み、
上記中継デバイスは、
上記第1の制御部の電力伝送に関する制御情報を受けて、上記第2の共振素子の配置角度および配置位置のうちの少なくとも一方を調整するように上記駆動部を制御する第2の制御部を含む
請求項1記載のワイヤレス給電システム。 - 上記受電デバイスは、
制御信号に応じて上記第2の共振素子の負荷との接続部におけるインピーダンス整合機能を有する可変整合部と、
伝送電力の状態を検出する検出部と、
上記検出部の検出結果を受けて、上記可変整合部におけるインピーダンス整合により電力伝送効率が高くなるように上記制御信号を上記可変整合部に出力する第1の制御部と、を含み、
上記中継デバイスは、
上記第1の制御部の電力伝送に関する制御情報を受けて、上記第2の共振素子の配置角度および配置位置のうちの少なくとも一方を調整するように上記駆動部を制御する第2の制御部を含む
請求項1記載のワイヤレス給電システム。 - 上記送電デバイスは、
上記第1の共振素子に給電するための電力を生成する電力生成部と、
制御信号に応じて上記第1の共振素子の給電点におけるインピーダンス整合機能を有する第1の可変整合部と、
伝送電力の状態を検出する第1の検出部と、
上記第1の検出部の検出結果を受けて、上記可変整合部におけるインピーダンス整合により電力伝送効率が高くなるように上記制御信号を上記可変整合部に出力する第1の制御部と、を含み、
上記受電デバイスは、
制御信号に応じて上記第2の共振素子の負荷との接続部におけるインピーダンス整合機能を有する第2の可変整合部と、
伝送電力の状態を検出する第2の検出部と、
上記第2の検出部の検出結果を受けて、上記第2の可変整合部におけるインピーダンス整合により電力伝送効率が高くなるように上記制御信号を上記第2の可変整合部に出力する第2の制御部と、を含み、
上記中継デバイスは、
上記第1の制御部および上記第2の制御部のうち、少なくとも一方の制御部の電力伝送に関する制御情報を受けて、上記第2の共振素子の配置角度および配置位置のうちの少なくとも一方を調整するように上記駆動部を制御する第3の制御部を含む
請求項1記載のワイヤレス給電システム。 - 上記中継デバイスは、
上記送電デバイスまたは上記受電デバイスに一体化されている
請求項2から4のいずれか一に記載のワイヤレス給電システム。 - 一体化されたデバイスの制御部は単一の制御部で構成されている
請求項5記載のワイヤレス給電システム。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010006523A JP5526795B2 (ja) | 2010-01-15 | 2010-01-15 | ワイヤレス給電システム |
CN201110002052.9A CN102130511B (zh) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-01-06 | 无线供电系统 |
US12/986,634 US9166413B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2011-01-07 | Wireless power supplying system |
US14/854,313 US10122213B2 (en) | 2010-01-15 | 2015-09-15 | Wireless power supplying system |
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JP2010006523A JP5526795B2 (ja) | 2010-01-15 | 2010-01-15 | ワイヤレス給電システム |
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JP2011147280A JP2011147280A (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
JP5526795B2 true JP5526795B2 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
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JP2010006523A Active JP5526795B2 (ja) | 2010-01-15 | 2010-01-15 | ワイヤレス給電システム |
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