CN107635527B - 无菌刺穿系统和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了无菌西林瓶刺穿和灭菌系统及其组装、使用和灭菌方法。所述系统和方法利用预灭菌的主容器,其包括第一端、第一腔室、具有与所述第一腔室相连通的开口的第二端、至少部分地密封所述开口的隔膜和在所述第一腔室内的产品。所述系统和方法包括注射组件,其包括中空流路形成构件的第一端部。所述注射组件和所述主容器可以组装在非无菌环境中以形成围绕所述流路形成构件的所述第一端部延伸且延伸至所述主容器的第二腔室。随后,可以按对所述产品无害的方式对所述第二腔室进行选择性灭菌以允许所述第一端部无菌地刺穿所述隔膜以延伸至所述第一腔室中。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2015年3月10日提交的题为“无菌刺穿系统和方法”的美国临时申请号62/130718的优先权益,其通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及用于给药的输送系统。更具体地,但非排他地,本发明涉及无菌刺穿系统。
背景技术
现在,在将针导入西林瓶、主容器或针筒之前,有必要使用酒精擦拭来对西林瓶隔膜的表面进行灭菌以保持无菌环境。如果未正确执行对西林瓶隔膜的灭菌,则可能污染药物或可能将污染物输送给患者。此外,这种擦拭是要执行的额外步骤且如果容器位于输送装置的内部,这则是不切实际的。通常,擦拭西林瓶隔膜的表面还在灭菌工艺中增加了另外的步骤。
因此,需要一种没有污染风险的确保无菌环境的无菌刺穿系统。
发明内容
本发明的各方面提供了无菌西林瓶刺穿和灭菌系统。本发明还提供了用于组装、使用并灭菌无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的方法。
在一个方面中,本发明提供了一种形成无菌主容器的刺穿机构的方法。该方法包括获得预灭菌的主容器,其包括第一端、第一腔室、具有与第一腔室相连通的开口的第二端、至少部分地密封开口的隔膜和在第一腔室内的产品。该方法还包括获得注射组件,其包括中空流路形成构件的第一端部。该方法还包括将注射组件和主容器的第二端组装在非无菌环境中以形成围绕流路形成构件的第一端部延伸且延伸至主容器的第二腔室。此外,该方法包括对第二腔室和其中的流路形成构件的第一端部进行最终灭菌。
在一些实施例中,在进行最终灭菌之前,第二腔室和流路形成构件的第一端部可以是非无菌的。在一些实施例中,对第二腔室和流路形成构件的第一端部进行最终灭菌可以包括通过流路形成构件注射灭菌剂且由此将灭菌剂注入第二腔室中。在一些这样的实施例中,可以经位于注射组件外部的流路形成构件的第二端部将灭菌剂导入流路形成构件中。
在一些其他这样的实施例中,主容器可以包括形成第二腔室的防护罩部分。在一些这样的实施例中,防护罩部分和隔膜可以是一体的。在一些其他这样的实施例中,组装注射组件与主容器的第二端可以通过防护罩部分的开口插入流路形成构件,防护罩部分在延伸通过其的流路形成构件的周围形成滑动密封件。在一些这样的实施例中,开口可以被配置成通正压,以使得注射的灭菌剂将在流路形成构件和第二腔室内的大气排出。在一些这样的实施例中,该方法还可以包括通过流路形成构件注射惰性气体,由此注入第二腔室中以将灭菌剂从流路形成构件和第二腔室排出。
在一些实施例中,注射组件和主容器的组装可以进行配置,以使得主容器向流路形成构件的第一端部的轴向平移实现了通过防护罩构件和隔膜来驱动流路形成构件,以使得流路形成构件延伸通过第二腔室,且第一端部位于与产品成流体连通的第一腔室内。在一些这样的实施例中,主容器可以相关于流路形成构件的第一端部轴向平移一段距离以使流路形成构件的第一端部刺穿防护罩构件和隔膜,以使得流路形成构件延伸通过第二腔室且第一端部位于与产品成流体连通的第一腔室内。在一些其他这样的实施例中,主容器可以相关于流路形成构件的第一端部轴向平移一定程度以引发对注射组件的致动且注射组件由此向主容器轴向驱动流路形成构件以将流路形成构件的第一端部刺穿通过防护罩构件和隔膜,以使得流路形成构件延伸通过第二腔室且第一端部位于与产品成流体连通的第一腔室内。在一些这样的实施例中,对注射组件的致动可以释放注射组件的弹性构件的预加载能量以轴向地驱动被联接至流路形成构件的驱动器构件。
在一些实施例中,流路形成构件的第一端部可以是无菌的且用封盖构件进行封盖,且注射组件可以包括与第二腔室相连通的可渗透窗口。在一些这样的实施例中,对第二腔室和流路形成构件的第一端部进行最终灭菌可以包括下列中的至少一项:使灭菌剂通过可渗透窗口扩散并进入第二腔室中且由此进入第一端部中;以及导引紫外光通过可渗透窗口并进入第二腔室中。
在另一个方面中,本发明提供了一种无菌刺穿系统,其包括无菌主容器和包括与主容器组装在一起的流路形成构件的注射组件。无菌的主容器包括第一端、第一腔室、具有与第一腔室相连通的开口的第二端、至少部分地密封开口的隔膜、在第一腔室内的产品以及形成第二腔室的防护罩部分。流路构件延伸通过防护罩部分的开口,以使得流路形成构件的第一端部位于第二腔室内。防护罩部分的开口在流路形成构件的周围形成滑动密封件。主容器向流路形成构件的第一端部的轴向平移实现了流路形成构件的第一端部和主容器的防护罩构件和隔膜的相对平移,使得流路形成构件延伸通过第二腔室且第一端部位于与产品成流体连通的第一腔室内。
在一些实施例中,防护罩部分和隔膜可以是一体的,且滑动密封件可以被配置成排出在第二腔室内的正压。在一些实施例中,主容器相关于流路形成构件的第一端部的轴向平移可以将流路形成构件的第一端部刺穿防护罩构件和隔膜,以使得流路形成构件延伸通过第二腔室且第一端部位于与产品成流体连通的第一腔室内。
在一些实施例中,流路形成构件的第二端部可以位于注射组件的外部、在密封的第三腔室内。在一些实施例中,主容器相关于流路形成构件的第一端部的轴向平移可以致动注射组件以向主容器轴向驱动流路形成构件以使流路形成构件的第一端部刺穿通过防护罩构件和隔膜,以使得流路形成构件延伸通过第二腔室且第一端部位于与产品成流体连通的第一腔室内。在一些这样的实施例中,注射组件可以包括被固定至主容器的第二端的卡圈、被轴向可滑动地联接至卡圈的驱动器保持件、被轴向可滑动地联接至驱动器保持件且被固定至流路形成构件的驱动器构件以及位于驱动器保持件的一部分和驱动器构件之间的弹性构件。在一些这样的实施例中,在系统的预致动状态下,弹性构件可以在驱动器构件上施加向主容器的第二端轴向作用的预加载力,且其中对注射系统的致动释放所述弹性构件对所述驱动器构件的预加载力,以向主容器轴向驱动流路形成构件以将流路形成构件的第一端部刺穿通过防护罩构件和隔膜,使得流路形成构件延伸通过第二腔室且第一端部位于与产品成流体连通的第一腔室内。
根据下面结合附图对本发明的各个方面的详细描述,本发明的这些以及其他目的、特性和优点将变得显而易见。
附图说明
并入并构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例,并且其与本文的详细描述一起用于解释本发明的原理。附图仅用于说明优选实施例且不应被解释为限制本发明。要强调的是,按照行业中的标准做法,未按比例画出各种特性。事实上,为了讨论的清楚性,可以任意地增加或减小各种特性的尺寸。根据下面结合附图的详细描述,本发明的前述和其他目的、特性和优点是显而易见的,其中:
图1是根据本发明的一个方面的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的分解立体图;
图2是根据本发明的一个方面的图1的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的分解侧视图;
图3是根据本发明的一个方面的具有透明连接器组件的图1的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的组装立体图;
图4是根据本发明的一个方面的具有透明连接器组件的图3的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的侧视图;
图5是根据本发明的一个方面的具有透明连接器组件的图3的组装的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的立体图;
图6是根据本发明的一个方面的图3的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的一部分的放大立体图;
图7是根据本发明的一个方面的具有透明窗口密封件、支撑构件、可折叠构件、支撑环和冲击垫的图1的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的组装立体图;
图8是根据本发明的一个方面的图7的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的侧视图;
图9是根据本发明的一个方面的图7的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的立体图;
图10是根据本发明的一个方面的图1的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的组装的立体图;
图11是根据本发明的一个方面的图10的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的侧视图;
图12是根据本发明的一个方面的图10的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的立体图;
图13是根据本发明的一个方面的示出在完全扩展位置上的可折叠构件的图10的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的一部分的放大立体图;
图14是根据本发明的一个方面的示出在塌缩位置上的可折叠构件的图10的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的一部分的放大立体图;
图15是根据本发明的另一个方面的在预启动状态的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的组装横截面视图;
图16是根据本发明的另一个方面的具有无菌地与主容器成流体连通的流路形成构件的在启动状态中的图15的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的组装横截面视图;
图17是根据本发明的另一个方面的在预启动状态中的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的组装的横截面视图;
图18是根据本发明的另一个方面的具有无菌地与主容器成流体连通的流路形成构件的在启动状态中的图17的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的组装横截面视图;
图19示出在其非无菌组装之后将灭菌剂导入图17的无菌西林瓶的刺穿系统的流路形成构件中;
图20示出经灭菌剂进行的对图17的组装无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的流路形成构件的端部和防护罩构件的腔室的灭菌;
图21是根据本发明的另一个方面的在预启动状态中的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的组装横截面视图;
图22是根据本发明的另一个方面的具有无菌地与主容器成流体连通的流路形成构件的在启动状态中的图21的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的组装的横截面视图;以及
图23示出图21的无菌西林瓶刺穿系统的无菌和非无菌部分以及非无菌部分可能的组装后的灭菌。
具体实施方式
一般来说,本文公开的是一种无菌西林瓶的刺穿和灭菌系统。此外,本发明讨论了组装、使用和灭菌无菌西林瓶、主容器和/或针筒刺穿系统的方法。该系统和方法用于在无菌条件下用流路机构(例如,针)进行西林瓶、主容器或针筒的刺穿,而无需执行酒精擦拭和/或将医药容器组装至装置或进行类似的患者/提供者交互以对刺穿部位进行灭菌。
在该详细描述和随后的权利要求中,词语“近侧”、“远侧”、“前侧”、“后侧”、“内侧”、“外侧”、“上方”和“下方”均是由其标准用法进行限定的以根据装置关于身体或参考的方向术语的相对布置来指出装置的特定部分。例如,“近侧”表示最接近附接点的装置的部分,而“远侧”则表示距离附接点最远的装置的部分。关于方向术语,“前侧”是朝向装置前侧的方向,“后侧”表示朝向装置后侧的方向,“内侧”表示朝向装置的中线,“外侧”是朝向侧面或远离装置的中线的方向,“上方”表示在其上方的方向且“下方”表示在另一个物体或结构的下面的方向。
参考附图,其中相同的参考数字在几个视图中用于指示相同或相似的组件,且特别参考图1至14,其示出了无菌刺穿系统100。术语“无菌刺穿系统”、“无菌西林瓶刺穿系统”和“无菌针筒刺穿系统”在本文中可以互换使用,这是因为它们基本上是指无菌流路形成机构(例如,针)的刺穿系统或结构。无菌刺穿系统100包括主容器、室、注射器、西林瓶或针筒102,其具有第一端104和第二端106。主容器或西林瓶102还可以包括在第一端104打开且向第二端106延伸的腔室108。第二端106可以包括颈部110,其具有接合颈部110的帽112,以关闭主容器或西林瓶102的第二端106。隔膜114可以位于主容器或西林瓶102和帽112之间以帮助关闭主容器或西林瓶102的第二端106并允许针152(例如,桩撑针头)通过隔膜被插入主容器或西林瓶102中。主容器或西林瓶102的腔室108可以进行定尺寸以接收活塞116以当药物或流体位于腔室108内部时关闭主容器或西林瓶102的第一端104。如下面进一步解释的,活塞116还可以帮助进行药物或流体的输送。无菌刺穿系统100还可以包括密封件118。密封件118可以是,例如,环形的且被定尺寸为接合帽112并围绕隔膜114。
无菌刺穿系统100还可以包括连接器组件120,如在图1和2中所示。连接器组件120可以包括连接器本体122、支撑构件140、针盖150、流路形成构件或针152(例如,桩撑针头)、可折叠构件160、支撑环162、无菌密封件164和冲击垫170。连接器本体122可以包括基座部分124以及至少一个联接构件126。基座部分124可以包括开口128、凹部130和窗口132。开口128可以沿连接器本体122的纵轴线且从基座部分124的第一端至第二端延伸。凹部130可以位于基座部分124的第一端。至少一个联接构件126可以是,例如,环构件(未示出)或至少两个偏置腿126。至少两个腿126中的每一个可以包括用于接合帽112的接合构件134以将连接器组件120固定至主容器或西林瓶102。接合构件134可以是,例如,从至少两个腿126向连接器本体122的中心向内延伸的突出物且接合构件134可以是成角度的。
连接器组件120还可以包括至少一个灭菌指示器136和窗口密封件138,如在图1至7中所示。灭菌指示器136可以,例如,告诉使用者连接器组件120是否已进行了灭菌且准备开始使用。灭菌指示器136可以位于开口128内且如此定位,以使得其可通过窗口132被看到。窗口密封件138可以是,例如,部分或完全透明的以允许使用者在窗口132和基座部分124的开口128的至少一部分内进行观察。窗口密封件138还可以关闭窗口132以形成用于流路形成构件152的无菌环境。
支撑构件140可以包括基座部分142和在基座部分142的第二端的凸缘构件146。凸缘构件146可以大致垂直于基座部分142。支撑构件140还可以包括从第一端延伸至第二端的开口144。凸缘构件146可以进行定尺寸以接合在连接器本体122的基座部分124中的凹部130。针盖150可以,例如进行定尺寸以装配至支撑构件140中的开口144中。针盖150还可以,例如进行定形以匹配开口144的形状,然而也可以考虑将接合开口144的其他形状。在注射之前,流路形成构件152可以被部分地插入针盖150中,如在图3至9中所示。流路形成构件152可以进行定尺寸以延伸,例如,通过整个连接器本体120以通过隔膜114以从主容器或西林瓶102注射药物或流体。
继续参考图1和2,可折叠构件160可以是,例如圆柱形的且进行定尺寸以接合支撑构件140。替代地,可折叠构件160可以是,例如,具有沿可折叠构件160的长度的至少一部分延伸的圆柱形手风琴状肋部的圆柱形构件。流路形成构件152可以延伸通过整个可折叠构件160。支撑环162可以被联接至可折叠构件160。无菌密封件164可以绕流路形成构件152放置,其中流路形成构件152从可折叠构件160延伸出来以帮助在连接器组件120内保持无菌环境。冲击垫170可以接合支撑环162和可折叠构件160。当将主容器或西林瓶102向前移动时,冲击垫170可以限制向前运动,同时流路形成构件152保持静止以接合流路形成构件152并折叠可折叠构件160以使得流路形成构件152刺穿隔膜114。
无菌刺穿系统100还可以包括注射组件180,如在图1至5和7至12中所示。注射组件180可以包括管182、注射构件184和针盖186。管182可以被联接至在第一端的流路形成构件152和在第二端的注射构件184。针盖186可以在与管182相对的一端接合注射构件184。术语“针盖”、“帽”、“盖”和“防护物”在本文中可以互换使用,这是因为它们中的每一个均指用于在周围保持无菌区域且保护患者和医疗专业人员以防其被注射构件184意外刺入的结构。注射构件184可以是,例如,用于皮下注射的针、微针、插管等或用于局部施加至皮肤的管、分配针等、贴片等。
无菌刺穿系统100可以通过,例如,在连接器本体122的开口128内插入至少一个灭菌指示器136来进行组装。窗口密封件138可以被固定至连接器本体122、在窗口132上。接下来,支撑构件140可以位于连接器本体122的凹部130内。流路形成构件152可以被联接至针盖150。然后,所联接的流路形成构件152和盖150可以被插入在支撑构件140的开口144中且位于所需的位置上。所联接的流路形成构件152和盖150还可以位于可折叠构件160内,该可折叠构件160位于支撑构件140的周围。接下来,支撑环162可以被联接至可折叠构件160以将所联接的流路形成构件152和盖150固定至连接器本体122。无菌密封件164可以位于流路形成构件152延伸通过可折叠构件160处以防止任何污染从该开口进入。随后,冲击垫170可以被定位在支撑环162、可折叠构件160和支撑构件140的上方。流路形成构件152可以延伸通过在冲击垫170中的开口172并被联接至注射组件180。接下来,管182的第一端可以被联接至流路形成构件152且管182的第二端可以被联接至注射构件184。注射构件184可以具有位于与联接的管182相对的一端上的盖186。一旦连接器组件120和注射组件180进行了组装,其则可以进行灭菌。连接器组件120可以通过,例如伽马灭菌来进行灭菌以创建灭菌的主药物通路。
在对连接器组件120进行灭菌之后,密封环118可以位于主容器或西林瓶102的帽112上,且可以在帽112上插入至少一个联接构件126以将连接器组件120固定至主容器或西林瓶102。主容器或西林瓶102可以填充有药物或流体以注入至患者体内。接下来,在窗口132下的主容器或西林瓶102和针环境需要进行灭菌。为了允许在窗口密封件138下进行灭菌,窗口密封件138可以由,例如,或其他类似的材料制成。主容器或西林瓶102和连接器组件120随后可以使用环氧乙烷(ETO)灭菌来进行灭菌。ETO灭菌可以穿透窗口密封件138以对在主容器或西林瓶102的第二端106的西林瓶表面、密封环118、针盖150和针的适当区域152进行灭菌。
使用无菌刺穿系统100的方法可以包括,例如,观察灭菌指示器136以确认已在无菌穿刺系统100上进行了伽马和ETO灭菌。如果指示器136确认灭菌完成了,则可以从注射构件184移除盖186且将注射构件184联接至患者。随后,可以向前移动主容器或西林瓶102且冲击垫170可以限制流路形成构件152的向前的移动。在移动主容器或西林瓶102时,可折叠构件160可以折叠,且主容器或西林瓶102的持续向前运动推动流路形成构件152延伸通过固定盖150,如在图14中所示。可折叠构件160可以移动,例如,一段距离“d”,如在图13中所示。距离“d”可以,例如,等于需要推动流路形成构件152以刺穿隔膜114的距离。一旦桩撑流路形成构件152穿透盖150,流路形成构件152将刺穿主容器或西林瓶102的隔膜114,如在图14中所示。一旦流路形成构件152穿过隔膜114进入主容器或西林瓶102中,形成流体连接以使得在主容器或西林瓶102内的药物或流体流过注射组件180且流至患者体内。
图15和16示出通常由参考数字200指示的无菌刺穿系统的替代实施例。无菌刺穿系统200类似于如上所述且在图1至14中所示的无菌刺穿系统100,且因此由与“1”相对的数字“2”作为前缀的相同的参考数字用于表示相同的功能元件。如在图15中所示,主容器或西林瓶202在如所提供的或加载的状态中可以含有医药、药物或其他液体或液体类物质。系统200可以与输送装置或作为其一部分一起使用,该输送装置使系统致动以将主容器202的内容物输送至且通过流路或流路形成构件252(例如,桩撑针头)且最终至患者。
也如图15中所示,系统200可以包括活塞216,其可滑动地接收在主容器202的腔室208内、在内容物之后,以使得内容物位于活塞216和主容器202的第二端206之间(在如所提供的或加载的状态中)。活塞216和主容器202的内部可以形成无菌或灭菌的密封件,其防止病原体或其它污染物在其之间通过并进入内容物中。包括主容器202内表面、内容物和活塞内表面的主容器202的内部可以是无菌或灭菌的。活塞216由此可以维持主容器202的内部的无菌性质。在一些实施例中,活塞由橡胶制成。
系统200还可以包括位于主容器202的第二端206的防护罩或奶嘴部分254,如在图15中所示。如上所述,防护罩254可以包括位于在主容器202的第二端206的开口上的帽212(例如,压接帽)上(和/或至少部分在其之下的)的基座部分255。也如上面所讨论的,帽212可以在主容器202的第二端206的开口上和/或内联接隔膜214。就这点而言,基座部分255可以覆在隔膜214和主容器202的开口上面。至少主容器202、隔膜214、盖212和防护罩254的组装可以在与系统的其他部件进行组装(如下面进一步描述的)之前进行灭菌,以使得其至少为内部或未暴露的表面(除了防护罩的腔室257之外的,如下面进一步描述的)是无菌的,其中流路形成构件252将通过该表面,如下面进一步描述的。
如在图15中所示,防护罩部分254可以包括室部分256,其沿至少大致远离活塞216的方向从基座部分255延伸。室部分256限定腔室或室257,如在图15中所示。室部分256包括与腔室257相连通的开口258,如在图15中所示。在一些实施例中,防护罩部分254可以与隔膜214相集成(即,为一体的或为一件式构造)。在一些替代实施例(未示出)中,防护罩254可以设于或最初组装在流路形成构件252上且不直接安装在主容器202上/与其进行安装和/或与隔膜214相集成。例如,防护罩254可以设有子组件,其与主容器202分开灭菌且在非无菌环境中与主容器202进行组装(且可能是在组装后进行非破坏性灭菌),如本文相关于其他实施例进一步所解释的。
还如图15中所示,流路形成构件252的一部分,诸如针、管等可以延伸通过室部分256的开口258且进入防护罩254的腔室257中,但却不通过基座部分255。流路形成构件252的第一顶端或端部可以由此位于腔室257内。开口258可以是预先形成的,或开口258可以通过使流路形成构件252穿过室部分256而形成的。室部分256的开口258可以围绕流路形成构件252形成无菌滑动密封件,以防止病原体或其它污染物在其之间通过并进入腔室257中且流路形成构件252能够相关于防护罩部分254轴向平移,而不会破坏在其之间的无菌密封。腔室257可以是无菌或灭菌的,以使得腔室257的内表面和位于其中的流路形成构件252的第一端是无菌的。如下面关于另一个实施例进一步解释的,腔室257最初可以不是无菌的,但可以在插入流路形成构件252的第一端使其通过开口258且进入腔室257中之后进行灭菌。在替代的实施例中,卷曲的柔性(例如,橡胶)波纹管或囊状构件而非防护罩254可以形成腔室257且允许主容器202相关于流路形成构件252的第一端部进行轴向平移(或反之亦然)。柔性构件还可以在其灭菌之后围绕流路形成构件252的第一端部密封或形成腔室254。
流路形成构件252可以相关于主容器202和被固定至其的组件进行位置上的固定。换句话说,流路形成构件252可以基本上固定在空间中(诸如,被固定至与系统一起使用的装置),且主容器202和被固定至其的组件可以相关于流路形成构件252进行移动或平移(诸如可以相关于与系统一起使用的装置进行移动或平移)。例如,流路形成构件252可以被固定至更大的装置或系统,主容器202被可移动地附接至该更大的装置或系统。
如在图15中所示,活塞216可以被联接至平移机构266,其被配置成使活塞216相关于主容器202(以及被联接至其的组件)向第二端206轴向平移。平移机构可以是有效地选择性地使活塞216相关于主容器202(以及被联接至其的组件)向第二端206轴向平移的任何机构。如在图16中所示,活塞216相关于主容器202(以及被固定至其的组件)的轴向移动使得活塞216作用在内容物(例如,医药、药物)上。系统200设计和/或活塞216与主容器202的摩擦允许或决定主容器202将比活塞216更容易地进行轴向移动,以使得主容器202将首先经平移机构266轴向平移。作为一个实例,活塞216的轴向移动可以尝试压缩主容器202的内容物,且由此冲着主容器的第二端206转移轴向力以轴向平移主容器202以及被固定至其的组件。
如在图16中所示,平移机构266可以轴向平移活塞216且由此轴向平移主容器202和被固定至其的组件至某个程度,以使得静止或固定的流路形成构件252的第一端部刺穿和穿透或延伸通过防护罩254的基座部分255、隔膜214以及主容器202的腔室208,且由此与主容器202的内容物成流体连通。换句话说,平移机构266可以轴向平移活塞216且由此轴向平移主容器202和被固定至其的组件至某个程度,以使得防护罩254的基座部分255被刺在静止或固定的流路形成构件252的第一端部上,以使得流路形成构件252延伸通过隔膜214且进入主容器202的腔室208中,且由此与其内容物成流体连通。在一些实施例中,系统200可以进行配置,以使得在启动之后,流路形成构件252的除了其在预启动中位于室部分256的无菌腔室257内的部分之外没有更多的部分延伸至主容器202的腔室208中。主容器202经活塞216和轴向平移机构266的轴向移动由此实现了流路形成构件252与主容器202的腔室208(以及在其中的内容物)的无菌联接。这使得主容器202为完好的直到使用为止,这使得在主容器202的腔室208内的内容物在存储中具有更好的稳定性且防止其在使用前从流路形成构件252漏出。
一旦流路形成构件252的第一端部延伸至主容器202的腔室208中且由此与其内容物成流体连接,则可以防止主容器202和被固定至其的组件经平移机构266进行进一步的轴向平移。例如,将系统200安装在其中的装置或系统可以包括止动件,其被配置成仅允许主容器202的有限的轴向平移。就这点而言,如在图16中所示,在流路形成构件252的第一端部延伸至主容器202的腔室208中且由此与其内容物成流体连通之后,活塞216经平移机构266的进一步的轴向平移推动在主容器202内的内容物通过由流路形成构件252形成的流路。如上所述,流路形成构件252可以被配置成最终将内容物输送至患者,例如,作为皮下注射或局部应用而进行。
平移机构266可以实现或完成活塞216的轴向运动,且由此实现或完成主容器202的轴向平移和经任何模式或方法泵送腔室208的内容物使其通过流路形成构件252。例如,在图15和16中所示的示例性实施例包括被联接至活塞216的后侧的丝杆机构,其在围绕轴线的相对旋转时轴向延伸。丝杆机构的基座可以是位置上固定的或静止的以实现活塞216的移动。在另一个示例性实施例(未示出)中,平移机构266可以包括可手动接合的表面或构件,其由用户手动进行操纵以轴向平移活塞216。例如,系统200可以包括被联接至活塞216的后侧的针筒或柱塞,其是手动接合的且进行轴向平移以轴向平移活塞216。在另一个示例性实施例(未示出)中,平移机构266可以包括由用户致动或发动的气动或液压驱动构件,其用于主容器202的轴向平移以及活塞216相关于主容器202的轴向平移。气动或液压驱动构件可以利用气动或液压力以轴向平移驱动构件。例如,驱动构件可以采用扩张波纹管、扩张囊、扩张膜片或滑动密封件或活塞的形式。驱动构件可以允许或提供主容器202的轴向平移且直接气动或液压压力可以使活塞216轴向平移。
图17至20示出通常由参考数字300指示的无菌刺穿系统的示例性替代实施例。示例性无菌刺穿系统300类似于如上所述且在图1至14中所示的示例性无菌刺穿系统100以及如上所述且在图15和16中所示的示例性无菌刺穿系统200,且因此由与“1”或“2”相对的数字“3”作为前缀的相同的参考数字用于表示相同的功能元件。如在图17中所示,无菌刺穿系统300的主容器302、其中的内容物、活塞316、平移机构366、帽312、隔膜314和防护罩354的配置可以基本上与上面所述且在图15和16中所示的无菌刺穿系统200的相同。图17和18的无菌刺穿系统300在将流路形成构件352与主容器302的腔室308进行无菌联接的模式上与图15和16的无菌刺穿系统200不同。
如在图17和18中所示,无菌刺穿系统300驱动流路形成构件353的端部使其进入并通过防护罩354的基座部分355以及隔膜314并进入主容器302的腔室308且由此与其中的内容物成流体连通(即,使流路形成构件353相关于静止或固定的主容器302进行平移),而不是将防护罩354的基座部分355和隔膜314刺入并通过流路形成构件353的端部(即,使主容器302相关于静止或固定的流路形成构件353进行平移),如上面相关于图15和16的无菌刺穿系统200所描述的。
如在图17和18中所示,无菌刺穿系统300包括卡圈390,其被联接或固定至主容器302的第二端306。卡圈390可以包括多个周向间隔的指部392,其接合并围绕主容器302的颈部区域310。以这种方式,卡圈可以被固定到主容器302的第二端306。然而,卡圈390可以按其他方式被联接至主容器302的第二端306。卡圈390可以包括轴向延伸的壁部分391,其至少部分地围绕颈部区域310、第二端306的开口、帽312、隔膜314和/或防护罩354延伸。卡圈390的壁部分391可以从颈部区域310的外部径向或横向定位和/或轴向延伸通过颈部区域310、帽312和隔膜314。卡圈390的壁部分391还可以轴向延伸通过防护罩354的至少一部分,诸如通过基座部分355且部分通过室部分356,如在图17和18中所示。
在如图17中所示的系统300的预启动状态中,卡圈390的至少一个接合部分或远侧轴向边缘393可以接合驱动器保持构件395的相应的至少一个径向或横向向内延伸的凸轮、闩锁或致动部分394。保持构件395可以被轴向可滑动地或可平移地联接至卡圈390。卡圈390和保持构件395可以进行配置,以使得在图17中所示的预启动状态或布置中,保持构件395的凸轮或致动部分394的至少一部分被直接轴向定位在轴向可滑动地或可平移地联接在保持构件395内的驱动器构件398的保持部分399之后。如在图17中所示,驱动器构件398的流路接合部分391可以轴向延伸进入并通过保持构件395的轴向端帽部分396且进入保持构件395的内部,且驱动器构件398的保持部分399可以从流路接合部分391延伸。在一些实施例中,驱动器构件398的流路接合部分391可以大致为圆柱形的且驱动器构件398的保持部分399可以是围绕流路接合部分391的轴向端延伸的凸缘,如在图17中所示。
还如在图17中所示,在系统300的预启动状态中,弹性变形的偏置或弹性构件397可以被轴向定位在保持构件395的帽部分396和驱动器构件398的保持部分399之间。偏置构件397可以由此在系统300的预启动状态中对驱动器构件398施加预加载的轴向力,其在朝向主容器302的方向上作用。偏置构件397可以是有效地在预启动状态中施加轴向预加载力且随后在启动之后立即释放这种预加载力的任何构件,如下面参考图18所讨论的。在一些实施例中,偏置构件397可以是弹簧。
流路形成构件352可以被固定或联接至驱动器构件398,以使得流路形成构件352与驱动器构件398一起轴向滑动或平移。如上面所讨论的,在系统300的预启动状态中,流路形成构件352的第一端部可以位于防护罩354的室部分356的无菌腔室357内,但却不通过防护罩354的基座部分355、隔膜314和/或进入主容器的腔室308中。如在图17中所示,在预启动状态中,流路形成构件352的第一端部可以与防护罩354的基座部分355轴向间隔开。
驱动器构件398、流路形成构件352、偏置构件397和驱动器保持构件395的组装件在系统300的预启动状态期间以及在启动后在驱动器398的释放之前可以是轴向固定的,如下面进一步解释的。换句话说,在系统300的预启动状态期间以及在启动后在释放驱动器398之前,驱动器构件398、流路形成构件352、偏置构件397和驱动器保持构件395可以大致轴向固定在空间中(诸如,被固定至与系统300一起使用的装置),且主容器302和被固定至其的组件可以相关于驱动器构件398、流路形成构件352、偏置构件397和驱动器保持构件395为轴向可移动或可平移的(诸如可相关于与系统一起使用的装置为可移动或可平移的)。例如,驱动器构件398、流路形成构件352、偏置构件397和驱动器保持构件395可以被轴向固定至更大的装置或系统,其中主容器302(以及被固定至其的组件)被可移动地附装至该更大的装置或系统。
当如在图18中所示启动系统300时(且与图17进行比较),可以发动或启动平移机构366(如上面所讨论的)以使活塞316向主容器302的第二端306进行轴向平移。如上面所讨论的,活塞316在主容器302的腔室308内的这种轴向移动将作用以压缩在腔室308内的内容物,且最终在从第一端304延伸至第二端306的轴向上轴向平移主容器302和被固定至其的组件。在如图18中所示启动系统300之后,平移机构366可以使主容器302轴向平移至某个程度,以使得卡圈390的至少一个接合部分393接合驱动器保持构件395的至少一个凸轮或致动部分394且使其从轴向位于驱动器构件398的保持部分399之后处径向或横向偏斜或平移出来。以这种方式,随后,驱动器构件398的保持部分399能够清除驱动器保持构件395的至少一个凸轮或致动部分394并允许偏置构件397的预加载力朝向主容器302的第二端306轴向平移驱动器398和被固定至其的流路形成构件352。
要注意的是,系统300可以进行配置,以使得主容器302和卡圈390的用于释放至少一个凸轮或致动部分394的轴向平移可能不会起到使流路形成构件352的第一端部刺穿和/或延伸通过防护罩354的基座部分355和/或隔膜314的作用。例如,在预启动状态中,流路形成构件352的第一端部可以与防护罩354的基座部分355和/或隔膜314足够地轴向间隔开,以使得主容器302和卡圈390的用于释放至少一个凸轮或致动部分394的轴向平移不会起到使流路形成构件352的第一端部刺穿和/或延伸通过防护罩354的基座部分355和/或隔膜314的作用。
如在图18中所示,驱动器398和流路形成构件352朝向主容器302的第二端306的轴向平移使得流路形成构件352的第一端部刺穿和穿透或延伸通过防护罩354的基座部分355、隔膜314和主容器302的腔室308,且由此与主容器302的内容物成流体连通。换句话说,平移机构366可以轴向平移活塞316且由此轴向平移主容器302和被固定至其的组件,诸如卡圈390至某个程度,以使得驱动器398被“释放”且刺穿防护罩354和隔膜,以使得流路形成构件352延伸至主容器302的腔室308中,且由此与其内容物成流体连通。在一些实施例中,系统300可以进行配置,以使得在启动之后,流路形成构件352的除了其在预启动中位于室部分356的无菌腔室357内的部分之外没有更多的部分延伸至主容器302的腔室308中。驱动器398和流路形成构件352的轴向移动由此实现了流路形成构件352与主容器302的腔室308(以及在其中的内容物)的无菌联接。这使得主容器302为完好的直到使用为止,这使得在主容器302的腔室308内的内容物在存储中具有更好的稳定性且防止其在使用前从流路形成构件352漏出。
偏置构件397可以进行配置,以使得流路形成构件352基本上按高速,诸如至少约10mm/秒刺穿防护罩354和/或隔膜314。在一些实施例中,偏置构件可以进行配置,以使得流路形成构件352按约40mm/秒刺穿防护罩354和/或隔膜314。经由偏置构件397相对较快地刺穿防护罩354和/或隔膜314可以在部分穿透流路形成构件352的同时有利地防止可能在压力下的腔室308的内容物经活塞316的泄露。
一旦释放至少一个凸轮394且流路形成构件352的第一端部延伸至主容器302的腔室308中且由此与其内容物成流体连接,则可以防止主容器302和被固定至其的组件经平移机构366进行进一步的轴向平移。就这点而言,如在图17中所示,在流路形成构件352的第一端部延伸至主容器302的腔室308中且由此与其内容物成流体连通之后,活塞316经平移机构366的进一步的轴向平移推动内容物通过由流路形成构件352形成的流路。如上所述,流路形成构件352可以被配置成最终将内容物输送至患者,例如,作为皮下注射或局部应用而进行。
图19和20示出用于对防护罩354的室部分356的腔室357和流路形成构件352的第一端部或顶端部分灭菌的系统和方法。在一些实施例中,防护罩354在非无菌的状态中可以最初被联接至主容器302。类似地,当最初组装系统300时,流路形成构件352的第一端部可以在非无菌的状态中被插入至腔室357中,例如在图17中所示。在系统300的这种配置中,灭菌剂,诸如气态灭菌剂可以通过流路形成构件352的路径进行注射且从第一端部进入腔室357中。以这种方式,流路形成构件352的路径、在腔室357内的流路形成构件352的第一端部的外表面和腔室357本身可以在系统300的组装状态下进行灭菌。灭菌剂可以是有效地灭菌流路形成构件352、在腔室357内的流路形成构件352的第一端部的外表面和腔室357的任何灭菌剂。例如,灭菌剂可以是环氧乙烷气体(EtO)、蒸发的过氧化氢(VHP)、二氧化氮(NO2)、二氧化氯(ClO2)或其组合。
如在图19中所示,可以经流路形成构件352的第二端部将灭菌剂导入流路形成构件352中。流路形成构件352的第二端部可以延伸至限定腔室323的密封件321。密封件321可以位于邻近系统300或其中使用或安装有系统300的系统或装置的外壁或部分327处。以这种方式,如在图19中所示,可以利用针或其他插入构件325以延伸通过外壁327和密封件321并进入腔室323中。除了对于流路形成构件352和插入构件325之外,密封件321可以基本上是气密的。以这种方式,灭菌剂可以经插入构件325被导入腔室323中,且从其进入流路形成构件352中,如在图19中箭头所示。密封件321可以被配置成在导入灭菌剂之后密封由插入构件325和/或流路形成构件352产生的任何孔。
如在图20中所示,灭菌剂可以从第二端至第一端流过流路形成构件352且进入防护罩354的室部分256的腔室357中。室部分356可以被配置成将正压力排出围绕流路形成构件352的第一端部的开口358以允许灭菌剂将在流路形成构件352和在腔室357内的大气排出,如在图20中由箭头所示。由流路形成构件352形成的流路、在腔室357内的流路形成构件352的第一部分的外表面和腔室357本身可以由此在组装系统300之后进行灭菌。在灭菌之后,可以按与导入和利用灭菌剂以排出和灭菌在流路形成构件352和腔室357内的非无菌的大气相同的方式用惰性气体(例如,氮气)排出在流路形成构件352和腔室357内的灭菌剂以防止对主容器302的内容物的损害。
图21至23示出通常由参考数字400指示的无菌刺穿系统的示例性的替代实施例。示例性无菌刺穿系统400类似于如上所述且在图1至14中所示的示例性无菌刺穿系统100,如上所述且在图15和16中所示的示例性无菌刺穿系统200且如上所述且如在图17至20中所示的示例性无菌刺穿系统300,且因此由与“1”、“2”或“3”相对的数字“4”作为前缀的相同的参考数字用于表示相同的功能元件。
如在图21中的预启动状态中和在图22中的启动状态中所示的,系统400可以利用与如上所述且在图17至20中所示的无菌刺穿系统300相同的类似的主容器402刺穿配置,其中流路形成构件452被驱动至且通过隔膜414并进入主容器402的腔室408中且与其中的内容物成流体连通。系统400和系统300的一个区别在于至少一个闩锁或凸轮部分494是驱动器保持构件495的一部分而非卡圈490,如在图21和22中所示。
如在图21中所示,系统400与系统300的区别还在于系统400不包括防护罩构件,该防护罩构件包括形成用于在系统300的预启动状态中容纳流路形成构件452的第一端部的腔室的室部分。相反地,系统400包括塞子451,流路形成构件452的第一端部在预启动状态处于其中,如在图21中所示。塞子构件451可以围绕流路形成构件452的第一端部提供无菌密封件。在一些实施例中,在与主容器402进行组装之前,至少塞子451和其中的流路形成构件452的第一端部可以进行灭菌(例如,经受辐射),以使得流路形成构件452的第一端部为无菌的且塞子451保持这种无菌性。在一些实施例中,塞子451可以是橡胶。
在启动之后,平移机构466可以平移主容器402和卡圈490,以使得至少一个启动部分493使驱动器保持件495的至少一个闩锁494偏置以允许偏置构件497朝向主容器402的第二端406驱动驱动器498和流路形成构件452。当朝向主容器402的第二端406进行驱动时,在流路形成构件452的第一端部上的塞子451可以与卡圈490的一部分、帽412、隔膜414和/或被联接至或紧邻主容器402的第二端406的另一个组件相接触,以使得防止塞子451的进一步的轴向平移。一旦防止塞子451的进一步的轴向平移,流路形成构件452则可以进一步地向主容器402的第二端406轴向平移,使得流路形成构件452的第一端部被驱动通过塞子451并进入且通过隔膜且进入主容器402的腔室408中,且由此与其中的内容物成流体连通。
如在图23中所示,系统400用于在组装之前进行部分灭菌、非无菌地组装以及不会对主容器402的内容物产生负面影响的组装后灭菌。例如,形成组或子组件A的部件,诸如驱动器保持件495、弹性构件497、驱动器498、流路形成构件452的第一端部、塞子451和/或卡圈490可以在与主容器402和被固定至其的部件进行组件之前作为单元进行组装和灭菌。例如,子组件A可以经受γ射线或其他灭菌技术,这在主容器402的内容物存在的情况下将是不可接受的。如上所述,塞子451可以维持对流路形成构件452的第一端部的灭菌。流路形成构件452的第二端可以类似地包括塞子构件以确保对流路形成构件452的路径和/或流路形成构件452的第一和第二端部的完全灭菌。
如上所述,主容器402可以进行灭菌,以使得内容物和腔室408是无菌的。就这点而言,无菌的子组件A能够在非无菌环境中经颈部区域410和卡圈490被联接至主容器402,这影响了流路形成构件452的第一端部的无菌性,如在图23中所示。然而,在对子组件A和主容器402进行组装之后,在主容器402和塞子451或流路形成构件452的第一端部之间的间隙空间B可能是非无菌的,如在图23中所示。
为了灭菌间隙空间B,系统400可以包括窗口432和窗口密封件438,如在图23中所示。例如,如上面相关于图1至14的系统100所述的,窗口密封件438可以是可渗透材料(例如,蒂维克织物),其允许灭菌剂(例如,灭菌气体,诸如EtO或VHO)扩散通过窗口密封件438并进入间隙空间B以对间隙空间B进行灭菌。窗口密封件438的渗透性可以很小以使得病原体(例如,病毒等)在灭菌之后不能进入间隙空间B。作为另一个实例,窗口密封件438可以是透明的或半透明的,以使得UV光能够穿过窗口密封件438并进入间隙空间B中以对间隙空间B进行灭菌。
在本文中使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例且不旨在限制本发明。如本文所使用的,单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”旨在还包括复数形式,除非上下文另有明确指示外。将进一步理解的是,术语“包括”(以及包括的任何形式,诸如“包括”和“包括”)、“具有”(以及具有的任何形式,例如“具有”和“具有”)、“包含”(以及包含的任何形式,诸如“包含”和“包含”)和“含有”(以及含有的任何形式,诸如“含有”和“含有”)均是开放式的连系动词。其结果是,“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多个步骤或元件的方法或装置拥有那些一个或多个步骤或元件,但不限于仅拥有那些一个或多个步骤或元件。类似地,“包括”、“具有”、“包含”或“含有”一个或多个特性的方法的步骤或装置的元件拥有那些一个或多个特性,但不限于仅拥有那些一个或多个特性。而且,按某种方式配置的装置或结构至少按该方式进行了配置,但也可以按未列出的方式进行配置。
已参考了优选实施例描述了本发明。将理解的是,本文所述的架构和操作实施例是用于提供相同的一般特性、特征和通用系统操作的多个可能布置的示例性实施例。在阅读和理解上述详细描述后,其他人将会想到修改和变型。其旨在将本发明解释为包括所有这些修改和变型。
Claims (15)
1.一种注射装置,包括:
封闭流体的容器,所述容器具有第一端和第二端;
流路形成构件,其可在缩回形态和展开形态之间移动,其中所述流路形成构件在处于缩回形态时不与容纳在所述容器中的流体形成流体连通,并且当所述流路形成构件处于展开形态时,其与封闭在所述容器中的流体形成流体连通并且配置成将流体从所述容器输送至患者;
活塞,其配置成从所述容器的所述第一端向所述容器的所述第二端移动;
构造成驱动所述活塞的驱动构件;以及
锁定件,其配置成将所述流路形成构件保持在所述缩回形态,其中从所述驱动构件施加至所述活塞的力被配置成使所述锁定件移动,并且允许所述流路形成构件移动成与封闭在所述容器中的所述流体形成流体连通,
具有第一形态和第二形态的偏置构件,其中当所述流路形成构件处于缩回形态时,所述偏置构件处于第一形态;并且其中所述偏置构件从所述第一形态到第二形态的移动使所述流路形成构件朝所述容器的第一端移动并且与封闭在所述容器中的所述流体形成流体连通;
其中所述锁定件配置成当其处于第一位置时将所述偏置构件保持在所述第一形态,并且其中,当所述锁定件从所述第一位置径向运动时,所述偏置构件配置成从所述第一形态移动到所述第二形态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,还包括密封件,其将在所述容器的所述第二端处的开口封闭。
3.根据权利要求2所述的注射装置,其中所述密封件的一部分直接接触在所述容器中封闭的流体,并且在所述缩回形态中,所述流路形成构件的刺穿端由所述密封件封闭。
4.根据权利要求3所述的注射装置,其中,当所述流路形成构件处于所述展开形态时,延伸到所述容器中的所述流路形成构件的唯一部分包括所述刺穿端的一部分,所述刺穿端的该部分先前在所述流路形成构件处于缩回形态时由所述密封件封闭。
5.根据权利要求3所述的注射装置,其中,当所述流路形成构件处于所述缩回形态时,所述流路形成构件的刺穿端配置成在被所述密封件封闭的同时被消毒。
6.根据权利要求3所述的注射装置,其中在从所述缩回形态到所述展开形态的转变期间,所述流路形成构件的所述刺穿端延伸穿过所述密封件的直接接触由所述容器封闭的所述流体的所述部分。
7.根据权利要求2所述的注射装置,其中:
所述第一形态是压缩形态并且所述第二形态是扩张形态;并且
其中,当所述锁定件从所述第一位置径向向外运动时,所述偏置构件配置成从所述压缩形态移动到所述扩张形态。
8.根据权利要求7所述的注射装置,其中,所述偏置构件从所述压缩形态到所述扩张形态的移动使所述流路形成构件朝向所述容器的所述第一端移动、通过所述密封件并且与封闭在所述容器中的所述流体形成流体连通。
9.根据权利要求8所述的注射装置,其中所述偏置构件从所述压缩形态到所述扩张形态的移动以至少10mm/秒的速度使所述流路形成构件朝着所述容器的所述第一端移动。
10.根据权利要求7所述的注射装置,其中所述偏置构件是弹簧。
11.根据权利要求7所述的注射装置,其中,当所述流路形成构件处于所述缩回形态时,所述流路形成构件相对于参考位置被固定,并且所述容器能够相对于所述流路形成构件和所述参考位置移动。
12.根据权利要求11所述的注射装置,其中在所述锁定件从所述第一位置径向向外移动之后,所述流路形成构件相对于所述参考位置移动,并且所述容器相对于所述参考位置固定。
13.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中,当所述流路形成构件处于所述缩回形态时,沿着从所述容器的所述第一端朝向所述容器的所述第二端延伸的矢量对所述活塞施加力使所述容器沿着所述矢量移动。
14.根据权利要求13所述的注射装置,其中,在所述流路形成构件处于所述展开形态之后,沿着所述矢量在所述活塞上施加的力促使所述容器中的流体通过所述流路形成构件。
15.根据权利要求1所述的注射装置,其中所述活塞被构造成密封所述容器的所述第一端。
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